Conecte-se

Bibliografias temáticas / Tariff on farm produce

Índice

Artigos de revistas
Teses / dissertações
Livros
Capítulos de livros
Trabalhos de conferências
Relatórios de organizações

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Tariff on farm produce"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 29 de julho de 2024

Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos

Selecione um tipo de fonte:

Consulte a lista de atuais artigos, livros, teses, anais de congressos e outras fontes científicas relevantes para o tema "Tariff on farm produce".

Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.

Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

HOEKMAN, BERNARD, WILL MARTIN e AADITYA MATTOO. "Conclude Doha: it matters!" World Trade Review 9, n.º 3 (25 de junho de 2010): 505–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745610000297.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

AbstractThe Doha Round must be concluded not because it will produce dramatic liberalization but because it will create greater security of market access. Its conclusion would strengthen, symbolically and substantively, the WTO's valuable role in restraining protectionism. What is on the table would constrain the scope for tariff protection in all goods, ban agricultural export subsidies in the industrial countries and sharply reduce the scope for distorting domestic support – by 70% in the EU and 60% in the US. Average farm tariffs that exporters face would fall to 12% (from 14.5%) and the tariffs on exports of manufactures to less than 2.5% (from about 3%). There are also environmental benefits to be captured, in particular disciplining the use of subsidies that encourage over-fishing and lowering tariffs on technologies that can help mitigate global warming. An agreement to facilitate trade by cutting red tape will further expand trade opportunities. Greater market access for the least-developed countries will result from the ‘duty free and quota free’ proposal and their ability to take advantage of new opportunities will be enhanced by the Doha-related ‘aid for trade’ initiative. Finally, concluding Doha would create space for multilateral cooperation on critical policy matters that lie outside the Doha Agenda, most urgently the trade policy implications of climate change mitigation.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Putri, Aulia Isnaini, Bonar M. Sinaga, Nia Kurniawati Hidayat e Hastuti Hastuti. "DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TARIF IMPOR TERHADAP PASAR JAGUNG DI INDONESIA". Journal of Agriculture, Resource and Environmental Economics 1, n.º 2 (1 de outubro de 2014): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jaree.v1i2.11803.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Maize is the second largest contributor to GDP after rice in the food crops subsector in Indonesia. The domestic maize production is unable to meet the high demand. Therefore, there is a gap or imbalance between supply and demand and maize import cannot be avoided. The implementation of ASEAN Free Trade Area has reduced and eliminated tariff barriers. The objectives of the study are to: (1) identify factors that affect the supply and demand for maize, and (2) analyze the impact of changes in maize import tariff on the supply, demand, and welfare of producers and consumers of maize in Indonesia. The study used time series data from 1986-2010. Indonesian Maize Trade model is constructed as a system of simultaneous equations and estimated method using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS).The elimination of Indonesian maize import tariff from AFTA or non AFTA countries is leading to decreased producer surplus. Therefore, the combination of eliminating Indonesian maize import tariff from AFTA and non AFTA countries, decreasing the retail price of urea fertilizer, and increasing maize prices at the farm level can compensate the decrease of producer surplus so that the welfare can be increased(net surplus).

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

PUTRI, THETA DINNARWATY, WINARNO SUGENG e FUADI RAMDANI. "Sistem Pembayaran Elektronik pada Transportasi Angkutan Kota menggunakan Rotary Encoder". MIND Journal 6, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/mindjournal.v6i1.1-15.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

AbstrakAngkutan kota (angkot) adalah salah satu transportasi umum yang berada di kota Bandung. Tetapi belum semua warga menggunakannya karena tarif yang diberikan pengemudi tidak sesuai jarak yang ditempuh dan menyebabkan tarif yang beragam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sistem pembayaran pada angkot serta menentukan tarifnya sesuai jarak yang ditempuh. Penelitian ini memodelkan sistem pembayaran menggunakan RFID, rotary encoder dan arduiono uno. Sistem yang dibuat menghasilkan output berupa tarif sesuai jarak yang ditempuh dengan menghitung jumlah putaran roda yang dihubungkan dengan rotary encoder. Rotary encoder digunakan untuk mengetahui arah putaran roda yang mana dapat menghasilkan output berupa jarak. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah jarak yang diperoleh dari putaran roda yang di ekuivalensikan dengan jarak sebenarnya, dimana tarif dasar sebesar Rp.2000 akan bertambah Rp.100 setiap bertambah jarak 100 m. Kata kunci: Rotary Encoder, RFID, Transportasi, Arduino ABSTRACT City transportation (angkot) is one of the public transportation located in the city of Bandung. However, not all residents use it because the tariff given by the driver does not match the distance traveled and causes varying rates. The purpose of this research is to create a payment system for public transportation and determine the tariff according to the distance traveled. This study models a payment system using RFID, rotary encoder and Arduiono Uno. The system created produces an output in the form of a rate according to the distance traveled by calculating the number of wheel rotations connected to the rotary encoder. Rotary encoder is used to determine the direction of rotation of the wheel which can produce output in the form of distance. The result of this research is the distance obtained from the rotation of the wheel which is equivalent to the actual distance, where the basic fare of Rp. 2000 will increase by Rp. 100 for every 100 m increase in distance.Keywords: Rotary Encoder, RFID, Transportation, Arduino

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Stockil, R. C., e G. F. Ortmann. "Free trade and deregulated domestic markets: Attitudes of commercial farmers in KwaZulu-Natal". South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 1, n.º 1 (31 de março de 1998): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v1i1.1872.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This study analyses farmers' attitudes towards free trade and deregulated domestic product and input markets using a survey conducted in 1996 among 112 commercial farmers in KwaZulu-Natal. Most respondents were in favour of liberalised trade and deregulated domestic markets, but expected a decline in product prices, farm profits and land values. Logit analyses of farmers' personal and business characteristics that influence their attitudes towards free trade and deregulated domestic markets were conducted. Results indicate that improved information on risk management practices and import tariff levels may help commercial farmers to adapt to a changing economic environment and reduce resistance to free trade.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Arif Rachmat, Nuqson Masykur Huda e Sri Anita. "Predictive Analytic Klasifikasi Penentuan Tarif Sewa Bus". Jurnal Sistem Cerdas 2, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2019): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37396/jsc.v2i2.29.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Currently, the bus rental business has become the choice of consumers in traveling, because of the decision of flexibility and better availability. The government regulates that consumer and business owner agreements determine bus rental rates without routes. In this study intends to do clustering from the history of raw data that already exists before. Data is obtained from companies in the form of spreadsheet files originating from non-information systems. The raw data is combined and normalized, to eliminate the noise data and the data is not abnormal. The clustering results using the K-Means algorithm and Louvain clustering produce several tariff groups that can be used as a reference for determining fare. In this paper also concludes about unbalanced data, which can cause data clustering errors.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

O. E., Ogundahunsi,, Akpan, G. E., Agbaje, C. O., Oyeniyi, K, Olaoye, I. O. e Oyewusi, T. F. "Energy Audit and Alternative Energy Source for Sustainable Processing of Cassava Products in Oyo State, Nigeria". Journal of Engineering Research and Reports 26, n.º 7 (17 de julho de 2024): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2024/v26i71222.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Recently, the increase in electrical energy tariff in Nigeria coupled with the epileptic electricity supply has led to the rise in production cost and price of cassava products. In this study, an audit of the electrical energy used in three cassava processing industries (Niji farm, ATMANCorp Nigeria, and Psaltry International Limited) in Oyo state, Nigeria was carried out and biofuels as an alternative energy produced from cassava processing waste to enhance the sustainability of cassava processing are presented. The audit investigates the cost of energy consumption in producing different cassava products, ranging from garri, cassava flour, and cassava starch. The computation and analysis of energy use were carried out using the spreadsheet on Microsoft Excel. The results showed that the observed monthly energy consumed with the cost of the energy for Niji farm, ATMAN Corp Nigeria, and Psaltry International Limited were 45002.16 kW/h (NGN1,330,560), 65581.92 kW/h (NGN1,668,535), and 923774.40 kW/h (NGN27,501,120) respectively. The analysis also observed that bioenergy such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biomass, or biogas produced biochemically from cassava processing by-products can be used as a suitable biofuel to run types of machinery in cassava processing. This study proffers a solution to the high cost of energy used in cassava processing industries thereby reducing the production cost resulting in lower prices of cassava products in the market.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Li, Dailong. "The Influence of Sino-US Trade Friction on U.S. Soybean Export". BCP Business & Management 38 (2 de março de 2023): 2348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v38i.4105.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

With the increasingly close trade between China and the United States, a large number of soybeans grown in the United States were exported to the Chinese market, and the trade volume gradually increased. After decades of expansion, Sino-US agricultural trade has entered a competitive situation. And agricultural trade frictions between the two countries have intensified since 2018 when China imposed a 25 percent tariff on soybeans imported from the United States. Taking export volume of U.S. soybean as the research object, through horizontal and longitudinal comparison, supplemented by data analysis, this paper studies the plight of US soybean export caused by the trade war. The consequences of trade frictions include lower incomes for farmers, economic and political deterioration in farm states, loss of market advantage for United States processed soybeans for a short time. In order to alleviate the above difficulties, it is necessary to improve the emergency mechanism, expand the export destination of soybeans, and develop trade with other agricultural products in China, which can also provide reference for export risk control and agricultural product structure improvement.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Ivanov, Yevhen A., Diana A. Krychevska, Mariia R. Lopushanska e Olga V. Pylypovych. "The geographical location, current state and forecasting of development of renewable energy facilities within Lviv region". Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 31, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112206.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Ukraine, as a member of the European Energy Community, has committed itself to achieve a share of 12 % renewables in its final energy generation by 2025 and a share of at least 25 % by 2035 (including all hydropower and thermal energy capacities). In 2019, the share of renewables in electricity generation in Ukraine was only 4 %. Renewables produce 4 % of total electricity production in Lviv region. According to this indicator, the region is the leader in the Western Ukraine. The paper analyzes the geographical location and the current state of renewable energy facilities in the Lviv region and forecasting their further development. As of July 1, 2020, in Lviv region there are 67 renewable energy facilities with a total capacity of over 310 MW. Most of the renewables supply electricity to the integrated energy system at a “green” tariff. They include two wind power plants with a total capacity of 33.9 MW in Staryy Sambir district; 59 industrial solar power plants with a total capacity of over than 275 MW in 15 administrative districts of Lviv region, Boryslav and Chervonohrad cities; two mini hydropower plants with a total capacity of 0.576 MW in Drohobych and Turka districts; three mini heat and electricity production plants running on biomass and producing electricity and thermal energy (Radekhiv heat and electricity production plant with a capacity of 2.4 MW, other heat and electricity production plants with a total capacity of 3.66 MW); one biomass electricity production plant operating in the Eco-Mit LLC pig farm in the village of Batyatychi in Kamianka-Buzka district. In addition, 985 solar electricity production plants at private households were built in 20 administrative districts and 9 cities in the region. Their total capacity is over 19 MW, which is equivalent to average capacity of one industrial solar electricity production plant. The leader in the number of industrial facilities for renewable energy is Yavoriv district, where almost half of the total renewables’ capacity of Lviv region is concentrated. The largest number of solar electricity production plants of private households is located in Pustomyty and Yavoriv districts, and Lviv city, whereas the lowest number in mountainous areas, particular in Turka and Skole districts. As of January 1, 2020, solar energy constituted 70 % of renewable energy in Lviv region. At the same time, according to the Development Strategy of Lviv region for the period of 2021–2027, the largest share in the structure of electricity production belongs to wind energy. The development of renewable energy in Ukraine depends on the rate of “green” tariff. The actual financial stimulus has led to a rapid increase in the share of renewables in total electricity generation in Ukraine and Lviv region in particular. Promising areas for renewable energy in Lviv region are wind and bioenergy developments.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

CHO, WonYong. "The constitutional problems of rural over-representation: Focusing on the Vote-Buying Cases and Possibilitity of Reverse Discrimination against Working Class in City". Korean Constitutional Law Association 30, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2024): 239–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35901/kjcl.2024.30.1.239.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

A lawmaker's realistic goal is to get elected, and to get elected, they need the votes of their constituents. However, if one person's vote is worth two votes, then that group becomes very attractive to politicians. The value of a rural vote is often twice as high as that of an urban vote. Rural areas are overrepresented in parliamentary elections. If there are 2.2 million farmers, that's 4.4 million votes for politicians. The problem of rural overrepresentation has been reduced since the 1987 system, when the difference in the value of the vote was nearly six times that of urban areas, but the privileges accumulated over 37 years have been further consolidated by the introduction of several systems through legislative amendments. Agricultural insurance, which aims to maximize losses from natural disasters and reduce the risk of growing weather-affected agricultural products to zero, has been subsidized by taxpayers' money to de-risk farmers, while high-tariff imports distort the market by making them uncompetitive and discouraging the urban poor from choosing cheaper imports. The direct payment system also disincentivizes farmers from engaging in “other industries” other than agriculture. If farmers are paid a certain amount of cash in taxpayer dollars just to farm, there is no incentive to try and be selected for other industries or to improve the productivity of the farming they are doing. Farmers get 9% of their insurance premiums subsidized by taxes, they get subsidized by taxes even if the price of their produce falls, they get a direct cash payment for doing their own farming, and they get to sell their produce at 7 times the price of imports, forcing the rural and urban poor to pay higher prices for their produce. Politicians provide low-risk, stable returns to rural farmers and politicians give them special favors. Taxpayers' money buys their tickets. As a result, urban and rural people are forced to eat the most expensive milk, bread, rice, eggs, and beef in the world. They are forced to pay high prices for our agricultural products, which are heavily subsidized by taxpayers' money and have lost their competitiveness, and they are unable to eat quality agricultural products from other countries at low prices. It is time to pursue strict urban-rural ‘vote equality’ and reform the system so that the majority of the people are not sacrificed for the benefit of a special group. The Korean Constitution does not allow for special classes, and farmers and fishermen should not be a special class under the Constitution.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Salles, Rafael S., A. C. Zambroni de Souza e Paulo F. Ribeiro. "Energy Storage for Peak Shaving in a Microgrid in the Context of Brazilian Time-of-Use Rate". Proceedings 58, n.º 1 (11 de setembro de 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06913.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The advance of the distributed generation in Brazil makes it essential to investigate the applications and transformations that the use of these new arrangements may entail. The use of non-centralized generation technologies associated with energy storage is interesting for several sectors of the energy market, even if the market is in the process of maturing these technologies. In the context of the time-of-use rate, these changes have allowed the consumer to use strategies to save energy bill costs, especially when its moment of most considerable consumption coincides with that of the highest tariff. In this paper, a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is used to perform commercial peak load reduction in a microgrid in connected mode. The microgrid also has a Photovoltaic (PV) Generator Farm as Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to provide load consumption and also to assist BESS in the peak shaving operation. The modeling and simulation of the system are performed by MATLAB/Simulink. The analysis demonstrates that the peak load reduction produces the expected financial benefits under a Brazilian time-of-use rate known as White Rate, in addition to carrying out the operation in a manner consistent with the technique from an electrical point of view. The software Homer Grid validates the potential savings. Thus, the results showed that the use of energy storage associated with renewable generation under a peak shaving strategy allows greater freedom for the consumer in the face of costs with main grid purchases.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

Williams, Brett Gerard. "The importance of disciplining the choice of policy instrument to the effectiveness of the GATT as international law disciplining agricultural trade policies /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw72122.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Chigavazira, Farai. "The regulation of agricultural subsidies in the World Trade Organization framework : a developing country perspective". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/1874.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of tradedistorting agricultural subsidies and thereby reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising food security especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries who continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of the developing countries in the global trade system which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism that the WTO as it currently operates does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting has grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ belvedere. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies with a view to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is behind the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Wong, Ka-yu Aileen. "An exploratory study on the structural change of fresh produce industry in Hong Kong and its implications on business opportunities /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18836100.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Rigdon, Leah Rachel. "Linking rural vendors with urban public markets institutional constraints and possibilities in the evolution of urban food systems /". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/RIGDON_LEAH_25.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Dehghannya, Jalal. "Mathematical modeling of airflow, heat and mass transfer during forced convection cooling of produce in ventilated packages". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115663.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Forced convection cooling process is the most widely used method of cooling to extend shelf life of horticultural produce after harvest. However, heterogeneous cooling of produce inside different parts of ventilated packages is a serious problem. Therefore, it is essential to design packages that facilitate air circulation throughout the entire package to provide uniform cooling. Selection of appropriate combinations of air temperature and velocity for a given vent design is currently done largely by experimental trial and error approach. A more logical approach in designing new packages, to provide uniform cooling, is to develop mathematical models that would be able to predict package performance without requiring costly experiments.
In this study, mathematical models of simultaneous airflow, heat and mass transfer during forced convection cooling process were developed and validated with experimental data. The study showed that produce cooling is strongly influenced by different ventilated package designs. Generally, cooling uniformity was increased by increasing number of vents from 1 (2.4% vent area) to 5 (12.1% vent area). More uniform produce cooling was obtained at less cooling time when vents were uniformly distributed on package walls with at least 4.8% opening areas. Aerodynamic studies showed that heterogeneity of airflow distribution during the process is strongly influenced by different package vent configurations. The highest cooling heterogeneity index (108%) was recorded at 2.4% vent area whereas lowest heterogeneity index (0%) was detected in a package with 12.1% vent area.
The magnitudes of produce evaporative cooling (EC) and heat generation by respiration (HG) as well as the interactive effects of EC, HG and package vent design on produce cooling time were also investigated. Considerable differences in cooling times were obtained with regard to independent and simultaneous effects of EC and HG in different package vent configurations. Cooling time was increased to about 47% in a package with 1 vent compared to packages with 3 and 5 vents considering simultaneous effects of EC and HG. Therefore, the effects of EC and HG can be influential in designing the forced-air precooling system and consequently, in the accurate determination of cooling time and the corresponding refrigeration load.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Ndembe, Elivs. "Derived Demand for Freight Transportation: A Case Study of the Long-Run Implications of Structural Changes in the U.S. Grain Supply Chain". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25993.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Video summarizing a Ph.D. dissertation for a non-specialist audience.
Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute (UGPTI)
Transportation and Logistics
Transportation and Logistics
College of Business

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Lowe, Mecca Jackson Molnar Joseph J. "Collaborative marketing enterprises local food exchange and the promise of sustainability /". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1950.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Hui, Ka Po Catherine 1976. "Air circulation inside refrigerated semi-trailers transporting fresh produce". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32834.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

In North America, refrigerated semi-trailers are commonly used to transport large volume of produce. They are equipped with refrigeration and air circulation systems to provide an optimum transit enviromnent for the produce. Air circulation plays a vital role in maintaining produce temperature during transport. Its performance is greatly affected by the availability of air channels through and around the load.
This study is an attempt to evaluate the performance of the air circulation system. Air temperature data was gathered from 20 mixed loads of produce transported in trailers having a variety of accessories and using different loading patterns. Pearson correlation coefficient was used as an indicator to describe the air distribution inside the semi-trailers. The results showed that the air distribution inside semi-trailers is generally not uniform. In most cases, the areas that received little amount of airflow were the middle section along the length and width, and the middle and bottom sections along the height of trailers. The variability in the results precluded any determination of the effect of trailer accessories and loading patterns on the air distribution.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Davila, Luis A. "Government participation in pricing farm products". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9830.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Hallam, D. "An econometric analysis of the UK egg market". Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353464.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

Hoekman, Bernard M. Reducing agricultural tariffs versus domestic support: What's more important for developing countries? Washington, D.C: World Bank, Trade, Development Research Group, 2002.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Basco, Carlos A. Acciones para incrementar el comercio intrarregional de productos agropecuarios. [Buenos Aires, Argentina]: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Instituto para la Integración de América Latina, 1986.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Basco, Carlos A. El comercio intrarregional de alimentos básicos. [S.l.]: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Instituto para la Integración de América Latina, 1986.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Paul, Gibson, e United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Profiles of tariffs in global agricultural markets. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agricultue, Economic Research Service, 2001.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Paul, Gibson, e United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service., eds. Profiles of tariffs in global agricultural markets. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2001.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Kim, Ki-sŏng. Nongsusanmul kwanse chedo ŭi hyoyulchŏk unyong e kwanhan yŏng̕u: Hyŏnhwang punsŏk ŭl chungsim ŭro. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Hang̕uk Nongchʻon Kyŏngje Yŏng̕uwŏn, 1985.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Yi, Chae-ok. Nongsusanmul suip pugwagŭm chedo toip e kwanhan yŏnʼgu. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Hanʼguk Nongchʻon Kyŏngje Yŏnʼguwŏn,[1986], 1986.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Britain, Great. An act to enable His Majesty to authorise, in case of necessity, the importation of bread, flour, Indian corn, and live stock, from any of the Territories belonging to the United States of America, into the Province of Quebec, and all the countries bordering on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and the islands within the said Gulf, and to the Coast of Labrador. [London: s.n., 2001.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

United States International Trade Commission. Estimated tariff equivalents of U.S. quotas on agricultural imports and analysis of competitive conditions in U.S. and foreign markets for sugar, meat, peanuts, cotton, and dairy products: Report to the president on investigation no. 332-281 under section 332(g) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended. Washington, DC: The Commission, 1990.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. To examine the effects of the European Community enlargement on U.S. agricultural exports: Hearing before the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 6, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

Reilly, Kim. "On farm and fresh produce management". In Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals, 201–34. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118464717.ch9.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Johnson, Lisa K., e Rebecca D. Dunning. "Food loss on the farm". In The Economics of Food Loss in the Produce Industry, 116–27. 1. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in agricultural economics: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264139-9.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Chaudhari, Anita, Jateen Vedak, Raj Vartak e Mayuresh Sonar. "Supply Chain Management for Selling Farm Produce Using Blockchain". In Information and Communication Technology for Intelligent Systems, 367–75. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7062-9_36.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Berck, Peter, Cyndi Spindell Berck, Zenebe Gebreegziabher e Hailemariam Teklewold. "How Is Farm Income Affected When Each Farm Has To Produce Its Own Animal Feed?" In Sustainable Resource Development in the 21st Century, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24823-8_7.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

AbstractOne of the questions that Peter proposed for his memorial conference was “What happens to agricultural yields when farms are relatively autarkic and use animals? For instance, how is yield affected when each farm has to produce its own animal feed? How can this help explain why African yields are so much lower than American?”

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Hay, Alayna N., Kayla Farrell, Caroline M. Leeth e Kiho Lee. "Use of Genome Editing Techniques to Produce Transgenic Farm Animals". In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 279–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_14.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Adjemian, Michael K., e Mesbah Motamed. "Market price volatility and food loss at the farm level". In The Economics of Food Loss in the Produce Industry, 207–15. 1. | New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in agricultural economics: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264139-16.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Wall, Gretchen L., e Elizabeth A. Bihn. "Recommendations to Regulations: Managing Wildlife and Produce Safety on the Farm". In Food Safety Risks from Wildlife, 217–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24442-6_10.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Kusumo, Bimo Adi, Akhmad Hidayatno e Armand Omar Moeis. "Competitiveness of Utility-Scale Wind Farm Development with Feed-In Tariff in Indonesia". In Transition Towards 100% Renewable Energy, 221–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69844-1_21.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Zhang, Xiaochao, Xiaoan Hu, Yinqiao Zhang, Hui Wang e Hui Zhang. "Study on Aotf-Based Near-Infrared Spectroscopyanalysis System of Farm Produce Quality". In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 3, 2067–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0213-9_57.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

García Álvaro, A., C. Ruiz Palomar, L. Sánchez-Martín, M. F. Ortega Romero e I. de Godos Crespo. "From Farm to Fuel: Microalgae Technology to Produce Novel and Sustainable Fuel". In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 37–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56284-6_3.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

Díaz, Hugo, José Miguel Rodrigues e C. Guedes Soares. "Evaluation of an Offshore Floating Wind Power Project on the Galician Coast". In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62612.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This paper aims to make a contribution to assessing the viability of offshore wind power projects on the Galician coast. Several of the factors involved in these projects are studied, such as site selection and employed technologies regarding turbine and floating foundations. Estimated costs ‘ analysis and financial evaluation are performed for a chosen solution. Based on the conducted study, an offshore wind farm in Galicia may become valid in a prospect of an electricity tariff to the producer in line with other European countries. Furthermore, an expected decrease of costs of floating platforms once produced in series and of offshore technology as a whole, in addition to incentives, would make the investment much more attractive.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Ying, Hou Wen, Dong Shao Hua e Qin Chi Yue. "Study of the Optimizing of Distribution Routing of Farm Produce". In 2008 International Symposium on Information Science and Engineering (ISISE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isise.2008.72.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Pa, Yazhini Malar, Bettina Helen R, Sathya Bama B, Mohammed Mansoor Roomi S e Vaishnavi M. "Interlinking Farm Produce and Stakeholders Through QGIS Maps in Madurai". In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics (SOLI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli57430.2022.10294568.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Tripathi, S. K., e B. Chintamanie. "Social and economic issues of farm produce from urban waste water irrigation". In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm100381.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Bai, Lan, Cunyan Zhang, Jian Hu e Zhibin Liu. "An Improved DEA Approach and Its Application on Fresh Farm Produce Logistics Performance Measurement". In 2009 Second International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2009.614.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Hui, Pang, e Zhai Yinli. "Notice of Retraction: Effect of positive list system on farm produce export of China". In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5887084.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

V. G, Kaviya, e Gini R. "E-Commerce Application for Farm Fresh Trading". In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/raqq9272/ngcesi23p56.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

For several years, farmers in India have had little liberty in choosing markets and purchasers for their produce. All states in the country, except three, degree that marketing and selling of farm produce must be directed through state-owned mandis, retail markets where mediators (middlemen) crush farmers to increase margins. According to research, mediators have become dominating buyers of the agricultural market, resulting them to take control over the plight of the farmers and gulping all the profits. The farmers work day and night expecting a good yield. They use a lot of financial resources lending money and buying fertilizers, seeds etc. So, they have the right to enjoy every rupee gained on their corp. In this context, we propose a system which brings farmers close to the retailers cutting the middlemen. Our system consists of a mobile or web application which will serve as a platform for farmer the growers and retailers or customers to sell and buy their farm products. This system aims at giving a profitable price to farmers to their farm products cutting the middlemen. This allows the retailers or the customers to buy products from the farmers at a lower than the normal price. Farmer uploads their product with details and buyers view these details and book that product with in a time. The bidding system is suitable for bulk buyers who would like to bargain for a certain product. They will be able to bid on a product as well as view other bids. This will help them get products at a better price. The consumer can give a rating and review only after having purchased a particular product. K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) is proposed to recommendation system based on common product ratings, and make predictions using the average rating of top-k nearest neighbours. These are visible on each item’s page along with the average of the item’s average rating. K-Means is used to overcome sparsity problems and to form user clusters to reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Wijonarko, Arman, Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, Taufan Alam e Priyono Suryanto. "Quality Improvement the Off-Farm and On-Farm of Menoreh Coffee toward Sustainable Agriculture in Sidoharjo Village". In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.9.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Menoreh mountainous region, especially the Samigaluh district, has been long known as a coffee producer in Yogyakarta Special Region. The coffee trees were planted with other kinds of trees, known locally as “Kebun Campur”. The advantages of “Kebun Campur” in those regions were its capability to provide food resilience and sustainability. Meanwhile, “Kebun Campur” usually has low productivity due to poor maintenance and tight competition with other plants in a small area. We introduced high-yield and aroma coffee clones from National Coffee and Cocoa Research Center (Puslitkoka), supervising the local farmer in making good coffee-tree framing to support good harvest and easy picking of coffee beans. To support environmentally good farming practices, we also introduce how to produce Liquid Organic Fertilizers based on local resources. In the Off-farm aspects, we are introducing knowledge on how to process fresh coffee beans and how to operate a mini gas-powered roasting machine so that the farmer could get more value-added on their coffee beans.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Xu, Qiang, Jing Li e Jian-yun Chen. "The Model about Social Loss Induced by the Increasing Price of Farm Produce after Disaster". In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5302237.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Li, Hui, Li-ming Chen e Jia He. "Design and realization of farm produce online transaction system based on the browser/service architecture". In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5886818.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Tariff on farm produce"

1

Hathaway, Dale E. The Impacts of U.S. Agricultural and Trade Policy on Trade Liberalization and Integation via a U.S.-Central American Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011098.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This study looks at several major legislative actions in 2002 that will substantially affect trade negotiations with the United States, and examines the US import protection for agricultural products that will be critical in trade negotiations with Central American countries. The two important legislative actions were the passage of the 2002 Farm Bill and the passage of Trade Promotion Authority, which provides for "fast track" treatment of trade agreements. The 2002 farm bill was widely denounced as a major reversal of US farm policy, away from the earlier move toward reduced levels of support and toward decoupled supports for key commodities. In fact, however, the 2002 farm bill contained the same support mechanisms that were in the highly touted 1996 farm bill. The 2002 farm bill also reauthorizes the various export programs that the US government uses to support the increased exports of US farm products. The Trade Promotion Authority contains several new restrictions on US negotiators. It lays out a list of sensitive agricultural products and requires special procedures before any negotiations to liberalize access can occur. In addition to the list of sensitive products the US has some significant tariffs on a number of products that the Central American countries export to the US. Elimination of these tariffs can provide significant gains in market access for some products. In summary, the successful negotiation and approval of a US-CAFTA will require major political will on both sides to overcome the major hurdles that exist.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: On the Farm. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, agosto de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-36np_fst-333np.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: Farm Self-Help Form. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, agosto de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-35np_fst-332np.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: Farm Worker Hygiene, Health and Training. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, agosto de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-40np_fst-337np.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Boyer, Renee. Enhancing The Safety of Locally Grown Produce: Farm Worker Toilet and Handwashing Facilities. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Cooperative Extension, agosto de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21061/fst-41np_fst-338np.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Schattman, Rachel, Vern Grubinger, Lisa McKaeg e Katie Nelson. Whole Farm Water Use: A Survey of Vegetable Producers in New England States | 2018. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, junho de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6938606.ch.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Produce safety and climate change are two overlapping risks that face vegetable producers in the northeastern United States. Because of recent public health outbreaks (and subsequent litigation) traced back to fresh produce, food safety hazard identification and risk mitigation has become the focus of significant regulatory changes in the United States (FDA 2015)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Williams, Brian R., e Gayle Pounds-Barnett. Producer supply response for area planted of seven major U.S. crops. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134361.ers.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Baseline provides a 10-year outlook for seven major U.S. crops (corn, soybeans, wheat, sorghum, barley, oats, cotton) and plays an important role in predicting farm program expenditures in the President's annual budget proposal. To provide the best-possible projections, it is necessary to frequently revisit the underlying models behind the baseline to ensure that they are theoretically consistent and produce realistic projections. This study examined the performance of the existing area planted equations for seven major U.S. crops in the U.S. baseline model relative to observed historical area planted values. It subsequently estimated a system of equations for seven major U.S. crops to produce price consistent supply (i.e., higher price increases own supply but decreases other crop supplies)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Gillespie, Jeffrey, Christine Whitt e Christopher Davis. Structure, management practices, and production costs of U.S. beef cow-calf farms. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, julho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134136.ers.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The cow-calf segment of the U.S. beef industry is diverse in farm size, structure, and location, with farms located in every State and ranging from very small to very large. Modest structural change has occurred in this segment over the past two decades, resulting in moderately fewer farms that produce more animals and are more specialized in cow-calf production. This report compares cow-calf farms by region, farm size, phases of beef production that are present on the farm, and farm typology using the cow-calf version of the 2018 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey. Larger scale cow-calf farms were found in the Northern Plains and West regions, whereas smaller scale farms tended to be located in the Southeast and Southern Plains regions. Larger scale cow-calf farms had lower economic costs per cow and tended to adopt advanced technologies, management practices, and production systems at greater rates than smaller farms

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Irudayaraj, Joseph, Ze'ev Schmilovitch, Amos Mizrach, Giora Kritzman e Chitrita DebRoy. Rapid detection of food borne pathogens and non-pathogens in fresh produce using FT-IRS and raman spectroscopy. United States Department of Agriculture, outubro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587221.bard.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Rapid detection of pathogens and hazardous elements in fresh fruits and vegetables after harvest requires the use of advanced sensor technology at each step in the farm-to-consumer or farm-to-processing sequence. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the complementary Raman spectroscopy, an advanced optical technique based on light scattering will be investigated for rapid and on-site assessment of produce safety. Paving the way toward the development of this innovative methodology, specific original objectives were to (1) identify and distinguish different serotypes of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, (2) develop spectroscopic fingerprint patterns and detection methodology for fungi such as Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Fusarium, and Penicillium (3) to validate a universal spectroscopic procedure to detect foodborne pathogens and non-pathogens in food systems. The original objectives proposed were very ambitious hence modifications were necessary to fit with the funding. Elaborate experiments were conducted for sensitivity, additionally, testing a wide range of pathogens (more than selected list proposed) was also necessary to demonstrate the robustness of the instruments, most crucially, algorithms for differentiating a specific organism of interest in mixed cultures was conceptualized and validated, and finally neural network and chemometric models were tested on a variety of applications. Food systems tested were apple juice and buffer systems. Pathogens tested include Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitis, Shigella boydii, Staphylococus aureus, Serratiamarcescens, Pseudomonas vulgaris, Vibrio cholerae, Hafniaalvei, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. coli (O103, O55, O121, O30 and O26), Aspergillus niger (NRRL 326) and Fusarium verticilliodes (NRRL 13586), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24859), Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 11443), Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora and Clavibacter michiganense. Sensitivity of the FTIR detection was 103CFU/ml and a clear differentiation was obtained between the different organisms both at the species as well as at the strain level for the tested pathogens. A very crucial step in the direction of analyzing mixed cultures was taken. The vector based algorithm was able to identify a target pathogen of interest in a mixture of up to three organisms. Efforts will be made to extend this to 10-12 key pathogens. The experience gained was very helpful in laying the foundations for extracting the true fingerprint of a specific pathogen irrespective of the background substrate. This is very crucial especially when experimenting with solid samples as well as complex food matrices. Spectroscopic techniques, especially FTIR and Raman methods are being pursued by agencies such as DARPA and Department of Defense to combat homeland security. Through the BARD US-3296-02 feasibility grant, the foundations for detection, sample handling, and the needed algorithms and models were developed. Successive efforts will be made in transferring the methodology to fruit surfaces and to other complex food matrices which can be accomplished with creative sampling methods and experimentation. Even a marginal success in this direction will result in a very significant breakthrough because FTIR and Raman methods, in spite of their limitations are still one of most rapid and nondestructive methods available. Continued interest and efforts in improving the components as well as the refinement of the procedures is bound to result in a significant breakthrough in sensor technology for food safety and biosecurity.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Mitchell, Brian G., Amir Neori, Charles Yarish, D. Allen Davis, Tzachi Samocha e Lior Guttman. The use of aquaculture effluents in spray culture for the production of high protein macroalgae for shrimp aqua-feeds. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597934.bard.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The FAO has projected a doubling in world demand for seafood during the 21 ed from aquaculture of marine fish and shrimps fed primarily on fishmeal-based aquafeeds. However, current practices of high intensity monoculture of shrimp in coastal ponds and fish in offshore pens have been strongly criticized as being ecologically and socially unsustainable. This view derives from un- checked eutrophication of coastal marine ecosystems from fish farm effluents, and the destruction of coastal estuarine ecosystems by shrimp farm constructions, plus aquaculture’s reliance on wild-caught small fish - which are excellent food for humans, but instead are rendered into fishmeal and fish oil for formulating aquafeeds. Fishmeal-sparing and waste- reduction aquafeeds can only delay the time when fed aquaculture product are priced out of affordability for most consumers. Additionally, replacement of fishmeal protein and fish oil by terrestrial plant sources such as soybean meal and oil directly raises food costs for human communities in developing nations. New formulations incorporating sustainably-produced marine algal proteins and oils are growing in acceptance as viable and practical alternatives. This BARD collaborative research project investigated a sustainable water-sparing spray/drip culture method for producing high-protein marine macrophyte meals for incorporation into marine shrimp and fish diets. The spray culture work was conducted at laboratory-scale in the USA (UCSD-SIO) using selected Gracilariaand Ulvastrains isolated and supplied by UCONN, and outdoors at pilot-scale in Israel (IOLR-NCM) using local strains of Ulvasp., and nitrogen/phosphorus-enriched fish farm effluent to fertilize the spray cultures and produce seaweed biomass and meals containing up to 27% raw protein (dry weight content). Auburn University (USA) in consultation with TAMUS (USA) used the IOLR meals to formulate diets and conduct marine shrimp feeding trials, which resulted in mixed outcomes, indicating further work was needed to chemically identify and remove anti-nutritional elements present in the IOLR-produced seaweed meals.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Oferecemos descontos em todos os planos premium para autores cujas obras estão incluídas em seleções literárias temáticas. Contate-nos para obter um código promocional único!