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Cabeça, Maria Antónia Augusta. "Tit for tat em adolescentes". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/373.
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Chattha, Jawwad Nasar. "Characterization of Selfish Behavior in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks through Virtual Emulation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34666.
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Unlike infrastructure-based networks, mobile ad hoc networks consist of nodes independent of any infrastructure. Cooperation among these nodes is essential for the sustenance of multi hop communication. However, battery and bandwidth constraints may lead nodes in an ad hoc network to adopt energy- and bandwidth-conserving strategies. As routing and packet forwarding are end results of cooperation, network performance is affected when nodes in the network behave selfishly to conserve their resources.Our work involves characterizing selfish behavior by nodes in ad hoc networks and assessing the effectiveness of adopting tit for tat based strategies, which are meant to discourage selfish behavior in the network. We show that in an ad hoc network where other nodes act selfishly to conserve their resources, a node can benefit by adopting a generous tit for tat strategy. We also show that a node can gain benefit by avoiding selfish nodes in an ad hoc network, adopting a strategy that we call generous tit for tat with selfish avoidance (GTFT-SA).
To analyze the effectiveness of cooperation strategies in selfish ad hoc networks we create an emulation environment based on virtualization. Such an emulation environment is more flexible to changes and is simpler to replicate than real life testbeds, while providing higher fidelity than simulations.
Master of Science
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Modin, Felicia. "An Analysis of Tit for Tat in the Hawk-Dove Game". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54599.
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In Axelrod's tournaments of the Prisoner's Dilemma, carried out in the 1980s, a strategy called Tit for Tat was declared the winner, and it has since then been thought of as the strategy to use to do as well as possible in different situations. In this thesis, we investigate whether Tit for Tat will still do as well if we change the game to the Hawk-Dove Game. This is done by comparing Tit for Tat to other strategies -- All C, All D, Joss and Random -- one at a time. First we analyse under which conditions each strategy will be an Evolutionary Stable Strategy, then if it is possible for a population of these two strategies to end up in a stable polymorphism, and finally, if we have a finite population instead of an infinite one, under which conditions selection will favour the fixation of each of the strategies. This leads to the conclusion that how well Tit for Tat will do depends a lot on the different conditions on the game, but in general, the more times that a pair of individuals will meet, and the higher the value of the resource is compared to the cost of fighting, the better Tit for Tat will do.
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Click, Ivy A., Abbey K. Mann, Morgan Buda, Anahita Rahimi-Saber, Abby Schultz, K. Maureen Shelton e Leigh Johnson. "Transgender Health Education for Medical Students". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.13074.
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Background Transgender individuals face numerous health disparities and report negative experiences with health care providers related to their gender identity. Significant gaps in medical education regarding transgender health persist despite calls for increased sexual and gender minority content. The purpose of this student‐led study was to assess the effectiveness of a half‐day educational intervention on first‐ and second‐year medical students’ attitudes and knowledge of transgender health. Methods Students and faculty members collaborated to develop an educational session on transgender health. This content was presented to first‐ and second‐year medical students at Integrated Grand Rounds, a pedagogical method in which basic science and clinical faculty members co‐present didactic content interspersed between live patient interviews and student‐led small group discussions. Student participants (n = 138) completed voluntary 9‐item pre‐ and post‐session surveys assessing comfort with and knowledge of transgender medicine. Results Students’ comfort with and perceived knowledge about transgender patients increased significantly between pre‐ and post‐test. Students’ knowledge of transgender medicine standards of care also improved, though not all items reached significance. Discussion A half‐day educational intervention improved many facets of medical students’ attitudes and knowledge about transgender patients. The significant disparities in physical health, mental health and access to care currently experienced by transgender persons in the United States warrants the continued testing and refinement of educational interventions for future and practising providers.
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PATRIZI, LODOVICO. "La chirurgia mininvasiva dell’incontinenza urinaria da sforzo femminile sintomatica: studio randomizzato TVT (transvaginal tape) vs. TOT (transobturator tape)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/450.
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Obiettivo: L’obiettivo dello studio è stato quello di comparare le tecniche
chirurgiche TVT (tension free vaginal tape) vs. TOT (trans obturator tape) con un
trial doppio cieco randomizzato per valutare il tasso di guarigione, le complicanze, la
percentuale complessiva di soddisfazione e infine considerare le indicazioni in base
alla severità della sintomatologia.
Metodologia: Abbiamo reclutato tutte pazienti affette da incontinenza urinaria da
stress sintomatica di grado 1 e 2 con Q-tip test > 1. I criteri di esclusione sono stati:
pazienti con SUI di grado 3, Q-tip test =1, incontinenza urinaria da urgenza, prolasso
associato, alterazioni neurovegetative, pregressa chirurgia o terapie medicali o
riabilitative per SUI. La severità e il grado dell’incontinenza veniva presunta dai dati
clinici. Le pazienti sono state randomizzate per ricevere un trattamento chirurgico
con TVT o TOT e i risultati sono stati valutati ad un mese e ad un anno.
Risultati: Abbiamo arruolato 104 donne. Differenze significative sono state trovate
sui due gruppi per quanto riguarda, i tempi operatori, il numero di giorni di
cateterizzazione e il dolore postoperatorio (maggiore per la TVT; p<0.05). Sebbene le
complicanze nel postoperatorio, le percentuali di recidive e reinterventi sono risultati
simili nei due gruppi, il grado di soddisfazione delle pazienti ad un mese e ad un anno
dall’intervento è risultato significativamente differente se analizzato in accordo alla
severità dell’incontinenza: le paziente con SUI 1 hanno apprezzato maggiormente la
tecnica chirurgica della TOT e le pazienti con SUI 2 maggiormente la TVT
(p<0.001).
Conclusioni: La scelta tra TOT e TVT non è completamente simile. In accordo al
grado di soddisfazione, il TOT sembra più indicato nella SUI di tipo 1 e la TVT nella
SUI di grado 2. Sebbene la percentuale di ostruzione urinaria e di recidiva di malattia
nelle due tecniche non siano risultati differenti queste hanno influenzato
significativamente il grado di soddisfazione delle pazienti in base al grado di severità
della SUI.Objective: The aim of our study was to compare tension-free vaginal (TVT) vs. trans-obturator tape (TOT) technique on a double blind randomised trial to evaluate cure rates, complications, overall satisfaction rates and after stratification according to symptoms severity. Methods: We recruited all patients affected by symptomatic SUI grade 1 and 2 and Q tip test > I. Exclusion criteria consisted in patients with SUI grade 3, Q tip test =1, urge incontinence, associated prolapses, neurovegetative disorders, previous surgery for SUI or under rehabilitative or medical therapies. SUI grade of severity was recorded as well as clinical data. Patients were randomized to receive TOT or TVT and results assessed at one month and one year. Results: We analysed 104 women. Significant differences were found between TOT and TVT groups regarding the operating times, number of catheterization days, postoperative pain (all greater for TVT; p<0.05). Although postoperative complications, recurrences and reoperations were similar among techniques, patients’ satisfaction rates at one month and one year were significant different when analysed according to the severity of SUI: SUI 1 patients appreciated more the TOT operation and SUI 2 patients more the TVT (p<0.001). Conclusions: The choice of TOT vs. TVT is not completely similar. According to satisfaction rates, TOT could be more indicated in SUI 1 and TVT in SUI 2. Although recurrences or bladder obstructions rates are not different among techniques, they can influence patients’ satisfaction and could be avoided with accurate and proper indications according to the SUI severity.
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Linkevičius, Marius. "Evolution and Mechanisms of Tigecycline Resistance in Escherichia coli". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-259226.
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Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing global medical crisis and we are in great need of new antibacterial agents to combat rapidly emerging resistant pathogens. Tigecycline is one of few drugs that have been introduced into medicine during the last two decades. It is a broad-spectrum third generation tetracycline that is active against multidrug-resistant bacteria that cause complicated infections. In this thesis I examined the development of tigecycline resistance in Escherichia coli and associated in vitro and in vivo fitness effects. Selections of spontaneous E. coli mutants revealed relatively high accumulation rates of changes in the multidrug efflux system AcrAB-TolC regulation network and in heptose biosynthesis and transport pathways important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis. Both groups of mutations led to reduced susceptibility to tigecycline and slower growth compared to the wild-type bacteria. Additional in vitro fitness assays and in vivo competitions showed that LPS mutants were less fit than efflux mutants, providing a possible explanation for why up-regulation of multidrug efflux pumps is the main tigecycline resistance mechanism reported in clinical isolates. Tigecycline was designed to evade the two most common tetracycline resistance mechanisms conferred by Tet proteins, efflux and ribosomal protection. However, tigecycline is a substrate for the tetracycline modifying enzyme Tet(X). Screening of Tet protein mutant libraries showed that it is possible to select Tet mutants with minimal inhibitory concentrations of tigecycline that reach clinically relevant levels. Mutations in Tet proteins that permitted a better protection from tigecycline frequently exhibited reduced activity against earlier generations of tetracyclines, except for the Tet(X) enzyme mutants, which were better at inactivating all tested tetracyclines. This is particularly worrisome because different variants of Tet(X) have recently spread to multidrug-resistant pathogens through horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, Tet(X) mutants with improved activity threaten the medical future of tetracyclines. Multidrug resistance is easily disseminated through horizontally spreading conjugative plasmids. pUUH239.2 is an example of a successful conjugative plasmid that caused the first clonal outbreak of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Scandinavia. This plasmid was formed after rearrangements between two different plasmid backbones and it carries resistance genes to multiple antibiotic classes, heavy metals, and detergents.
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Tsang, P. (Poying). "Nestling growth and breeding biology of great tit, blue tit, willow tit and crested tit". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312306.
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The correlative relationship of growth rate constant, environmental variables and life history traits was studied in the nestlings of the great tit, the willow tit, the crested tit and the blue tit in the Oulu area of northern Finland in 1969, 1977–1981 and 2017. All the species reached their species specific asymptotic weights by the age of 13–14 days. The asymptotic weight of the great tit was relatively lower than the adult weight compared with the other parids studied. The mortality rate of the nestling great tits was higher than of the crested and willow tits in 2017. Large intial brood size pose an negative imapct on the great tit mass growth. It is possiblely related to the high energy maintainence from the parents and unpredictable weather reduces food supply. The high number of hatchlings seems to be related to increasing nestling mortality in the great tit. After the brood reduction, parents can better nourish the rest of the nestlings which leads to a positive association between the number of fledged chicks and the growth rate constant. We did not find any significant relationship between the ambient temperature and growth rate constant in any of the species. It can be associated with the method of collecting the temperature data. However, the amount of rainfall during the nestling period was positively related to the wing growth rate constant in great tits. The late hatched willow tit nestlings grew faster than the early nestlings. There was a trade-off for the timing of breeding in the willow tit. The early nestling might be able to prepare themselves into breeding population while the late nestling might receive better nourishment from their parents. Besides, the brood size at hatching were markedly related to the growth rate constant in the willow tit. This possibly reflects the female quality and habitat quality in the Oulu area. The growth rate constant of different species was related to the body size, clutch size, and species specific breeding strategies.
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DAVEL, JAN L. "BIODEGRADATION OF THE ENERGETIC COMPOUNDS TNT, RDX AND HMX IN FLUIDIZED-BED AND ACTIVATED SLUDGE REACTORS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1035234722.
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Barrus, David R. "FIRM BIDDING BEHAVIOR IN HIGHWAY PROCUREMENT AUCTIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-BID CONTRACTS, TACIT COLLUSION, AND THE FINANCIAL IMPACT ON KENTUCKY". UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/191.
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Recently, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) indicated lack of competition and single-bid contracts in asphalt paving as a major issue facing state transportation departments. Single-bid contracts indicate a lack of competition which increases costs to state and local governments. During the period from 2005-2007 in Kentucky, 42 percent of all bids were awarded with only one firm bidding on the project. Of the asphalt paving jobs, 63 percent of those jobs were awarded to a single bidder.
The analysis of this dissertation focuses on detecting tacit collusion in asphalt paving jobs in Kentucky. A focal point enables firms to coordinate bids and engage in a tit-for-tat strategy where they refuse to bid in each other’s counties. In this case the focal point is the county boundaries. Two factors contribute to the ability of firms to use county boundaries to coordinate bids. The first factor is that the political county boundaries form relatively small counties which allow a firm’s service area to cover multiple counties. The firms are able to claim counties and service the projects in those counties. The second factor is that a majority of asphalt projects which the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet puts up for bidding are exclusive to a specific county. This allows firms to know whether a project falls in a county within their bidding territory.
Each county and firm in each of the 12 Kentucky Transportation Cabinet geographic districts was analyzed to see if there was evidence of bid coordination. The result is that in 94 out of 120 counties there was evidence of bid coordination or tacit collusion with increases in bid levels. There is evidence that 25 of the 31 Kentucky asphalt paving firms refuse to bid against their rivals in their rival’s territories. This refusal by firms to bid against each other resulted in single-bid contracts that were $70,595,466.09 above the competitive level.
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Mammadova, Nayiba. "Eléments de description et documentation du tat de l'Apshéron, langue iranienne d'Azerbaïdjan". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF016/document.
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Cette thèse est une grammaire descriptive du tat de l’Apshéron, une langue iranienne de la branche sud-ouest parlée en Azerbaïdjan. Il s’agit de la première description d’un dialecte tat musulman dans une langue occidentale. Après une introduction détaillée présentant le contexte sociolinguistique et la phonologie, le présent travail aborde les différentes parties du discours, le marquage des fonctions grammaticales, la morphologie verbale (dérivation, classes morphologiques du verbe, locutions verbales, emplois et valeurs des formes conjuguées). Les principaux faits de syntaxe de la phrase complexe sont ensuite décrits : subordonnées relatives, complétives, et adverbiales, coordination de prédicats.La description, effectuée dans une perspective typologique, s’appuie sur l’analyse de textes spontanés récoltés sur le terrain, de traductions de l’azéri vers le tat, et sur les connaissances personnelles de l’auteur, locutrice native. Elle est suivie en annexe de textes extraits du corpus, partiellement traduits, ainsi que d’un lexique recensant les lexèmes utilisés dans l’étude et dans les textesThis thesis is a descriptive grammar of Tat (an Iranian language of the South-Western branch) as spoken on the Absheron Peninsula, east of Baku in the Republic of Azerbaijan. It is the first description of a Muslim variety of Tat in a Western European language.After a detailed introduction outlining the sociolinguistic context and the phonology, the present study discusses the parts of speech, the marking of grammatical relations and verbal morphology of Absheron Tat (verbal derivation, verb classes, complex predicates, formation and use of inflected verb forms). This is followed by a survey of complex sentences, viz. relative clauses, complement clauses, adverbial subordinates as well as coordination.The present work adopts a typological point of view and is based on the analysis of texts originating from the author’s fieldwork and tales translated from Azeri into Tat, in addition to the author’s competence as a native speaker. The appendix presents samples of the text corpus (some of them also translated) and a glossary listing items that feature in the grammatical description and the texts
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Nielsen, Finn Sivert. "Eye of the whirlwind Russian identity and Soviet nation-building. Quests for meaning in a Soviet metropolis /". Click here to access, 1987. http://www.anthrobase.com/Txt/N/Nielsen_F_S_03.htm.
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First publication of a revised edition of the author's M.A. Thesis (Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo, 1987).Includes bibliographical references (p. 320-336). Also available in print.
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Jiang, Long. "TMT diversity, CEO procedural fairness, and TMT conflict". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3647.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Business and Management. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Guillo, Éric Démaria Fabien Arnaud Stéphane. "Résultats cliniques et fonctionnels du traitement de l'incontinence urinaire à l'effort par la voie rétro-pubienne (TVT) et trans-obturatrice (TOT et TVT-O) en cas d'insuffisance sphinctérienne (PCUM<30cmH2O) étude comparative chez 162 patientes /". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0488096.pdf.
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Celona, Diana. "Synthesis of molecules with potential antiaggregation activity of beta-amyloid in alzheimer's disease". Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917342.
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Mediouni, Sonia. "Etude par des anticorps de patients VIH-1 de la protéineTAT extracellulaire et développement thérapeutique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20712.
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La protéine Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) est certainement l’une des cibles présentant le plus d’intérêts dans la lutte contre le VIH-1. En effet, synthétisée précocement, elle joue un rôle central dans le cycle viral et protège les cellules infectées. Secrétée dans le milieu extracellulaire, elle participe à l’immunodéficience en inhibant certaines fonctions ou en induisant l’apoptose des cellules du système immunitaire. Elle est également impliquée directement dans de nombreuses pathologies associées au VIH-1. Dans une première étude, nous avons voulu savoir si la trithérapie était capable d’inhiber la synthèse et la sécrétion de la protéine Tat. Nous avons proposé à des patients infectés, sous trithérapie, ayant une charge virale indétectable, de nous permettre de faire cinq prélèvements sanguins (un tous les trois mois pendant un an) afin de vérifier la présence d’anticorps anti-Tat. Nous avons pu constater que 86% des patients avaient des anticorps anti-Tat mais que ces anticorps pouvaient disparaître ou apparaître chez une majorité de patients, démontrant que la protéine Tat continue d’être sécrétée malgré les antiviraux. Une deuxième étude, sur des sérums de patients, a été effectuée afin de déterminer si la protéine Tat était structurée dans le sang des patients. Il existait une polémique, dans la littérature, sur le fait que la protéine Tat soit naturellement non structurée. Nous avons démontré que la protéine Tat est structurée dans le sérum de patients. De plus, l’activité biologique de la protéine Tat est étroitement liée à l’acquisition de sa conformation. Dans le cadre du développement clinique d’un vaccin anti-Tat dans le laboratoire, nous avons effectué des vaccinations sur des souris afin de déterminer la dose, l’adjuvant, la voie d’administration et le nombre de rappels à effectuer ainsi que la vérification de la tolérance et de la toxicité du vaccin. Des essais cliniques sont en préparation dans le cadre d’un protocole thérapeutique. Le laboratoire développe également une autre approche thérapeutique avec un anticorps monoclonal de souris capable de reconnaitre et de neutraliser les variants Tat représentatifs des cinq principaux sous-types du VIH-1. Cet anticorps qui sera humanisé, servirait à une future immunothérapie en combinaison à la trithérapie pour des patients en phase précoce ou tardive ou encore pour des nouveaux nés dont le système immunitaire est peu fonctionnelThe protein Tat (Trans-activator of transcription) is definitely one of the most interesting targets in the fight against HIV-1. Synthesized early, it plays a central role in the viral life cycle and protects infected cells. Secreted into the extracellular medium, it participates in the immunodeficiency by inhibiting some functions or inducing apoptosis of immune cells. It is also directly involved in many diseases associated with HIV-1. In a first study, we examined whether HAART was able to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of the Tat protein. We proposed to HIV-1 infected patients under HAART, with undetectable viral load, to allow us to do five blood samplings (one every three months for one year) to verify the presence of antibodies against Tat. We found that 86% of patients had antibodies against Tat but these antibodies could disappear or appear in a majority of patients showing that Tat protein continues to be secreted in spite of antiviral treatment. A second study of patient sera was carried out to determine if Tat was structured in the blood of patients. There was a controversy in the literature about the fact that Tat could be naturally unstructured. We showed that Tat is structured in the serum of patients. In addition, the biological activity of Tat is closely related to the acquisition of its conformation. As part of a clinical development of a Tat vaccine in the laboratory, we carried out vaccinations in mice to determine the dose, the adjuvant, the route of administration, the number of boosts, tolerance and toxicity of the vaccine. Clinical trials are planed with a therapeutic protocol. The laboratory is also developing another therapeutic approach with a mouse monoclonal antibody able to recognize and neutralize Tat variants representative of the five major subtypes of HIV-1. This antibody will be humanized and could be used for future immunotherapy, in combination with HAART for patients in early or late stage of the pathology or to newborn babies who have a weak immune system
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Bonet, Pilar 1956. "ADLAN i el Club 49. Tot muda i tot roman". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672749.
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L'any 1932 a Barcelona, en plena eufòria republicana, un grup d'amics crearen l'associació cultural ADLAN (Amics de l'Art Nou). Fins a la guerra civil gestionaran múltiples activitats en l'àmbit de l'art, la literatura, la fotografia, el cinema, la música, la dansa, !'arquitectura i les arts populars. Sempre guiats per un esperit crític, participaran en els debats artístics i lideraran la poètica del surrealisme i la defensa de les arts populars. Construiran una comunitat que unira Barcelona amb París, Madrid í Tenerife. Alguns membres d'aquest grup, liderats per Joan Prats, reprenen l'activitat l'any 1949 amb la creació de l'associació Club 49. De nou, la societat civil que representen gestionarà la cultura més progressista i de novetat per activar, en ple període de govern franquista, l'art abstracte, el jazz, la música contemporània, la poesia escènica, el teatre de la improvisació o la pedagogia de l'art.
Uns i altres protagonitzen una part important de la historia de la cultura catalana contemporània, sempre al costat de les creacions més heterodoxes i amb una vitalitat feta d'entusiasme, amistat i capacitat crítica. Entre ells, Joan Prats, Joan Miró, Ángel Ferrant, Robert Gerhard, Sebastia Gasch, Joaquim Gomis, Eudald Serra, Magí A. Cassanyes, J. V. Foix, Alexandre Cirici Pellicer, Antoní Tapies, Joan Brossa, Josep M. Mestres Quadreny, Miquel Porter, Ricard Gomis, Josep Lluis Sert, Joaquim Homs, i molts d'altres. La tesi doctoral que presentem documenta i contextualitza les activitats que ambdues associacions van portar a terme, analitzant els fets i els debats en els quals participaren. Més enllà deis noms importants que en formaren part, aquesta recerca centra l"atenció en la condició de comunitat intel·lectual d'aquests grups, en la seva visió de l"art coma dispositiu crític i en la voluntat de viure el present com una oportunitat per construir el futur. L'esperit i les activitats d'aquesta societat civil ens permeten rellegir la historia de l'art a Catalunya des d'una perspectiva del segle XXI.In 1932 in Barcelona, during the euphoric republican era, a group of friends created the cultural association ADLAN (Amics de l'Art Nou). Up until the civil war they undertook many activities in the field of the arts, literature, photography, cinema, music, dance, arquitecture and popular arts. Always foliowing their criticar espirit, they participated in artistic debates being leaders of the surrealistic poetry and the defense of the popular arts. They built a community that joined Barcelona with París, Madrid and Tenerife. Part of this group, whose leader was Joan Prats, re-started their activities in 1949, creating the association Club 49. Once again, the civil society that they represented was responsible for generating a most progressive and innovative culture, during the worst years of the Franco government, of abstract art, jazz, contemporany music, escenic poetry, improvised theatre or art education. They were the protagonists of an important part of the contemporany catalan culture, always with the most heterodox creations and with a vitality born of their entusiasm, friendship and crltical capacity. Among them, Joan Prats, Joan Miró, Angel Ferrant, Robert Gerhard, Sebastia Gasch, Joaquim Gomis, Eudald Serra, Magí A. cassanyes, J.V. Foix, Alexandre Cirici Pellicer, Antoni Tapies, Joan Brossa, Josep M. Mestres Quadreny, Miquel Porter, Ricard Gomis, Josep Lluis Sert, Joaquim Homs, and many more. This research documents and contextualises the activíties that both associations conducted , analysing the events and debates in which they participated . Beyond the important names involved, the research focusses on their existence as an intelectual community, on their vislon of art as a critica! channel and on their wish to live the present as an opportunity to built a future. The spirit and the activlties of this civil society allow us to interpret the history of Catalan art from a perspectíve of the XXI century.
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Salomão, Karina Bezerra. "Estudo da expressão dos genes TETs e níveis de hidroximetilação em meduloblastoma". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-18042018-104554/.
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O meduloblastoma (MB) é um tumor embrionário que se origina de alterações genéticas em vias importantes para neurôgenese do cerebelo como Sonic hedgehog (Shh) e Wingless (Wnt). Alterações específicas nessas vias permitem a classificação do MB pelo perfil de expressão e mutacional em quatro subgrupos: SHH, WNT, grupo 3 e grupo 4. A ativação dessas vias pode estar relacionada à hipermetilação de reguladores negativos. A dinâmica da hidroximetilação foi descrita durante o desenvolvimento cerebelar, mas não há relatos na literatura sobre os níveis da hidroximetilação em amostras de MB. Os principais objetivos desse trabalho foram: avaliar os níveis de expressão dos genes TETs e IDHs em MB por qPCR; investigar os níveis de hidroximetilação por meio de imuno-histoquímica e dot-blot; avaliar mutações no éxon 4 de IDH1 e IDH2 por sequenciamento; analisar a metilação e hidroximetilação em genes reguladores negativos das vias SHH, WNT, NOTCH, BMP; modular a atividade dos genes TETs por meio do ácido ascórbico e verificar sua influência funcional e epigenética. Foi observada diminuição na expressão dos genes TETs e IDHs em amostras de MB apenas em comparação com cerebelos fetais, mas não em relação aos cerebelos não-fetais. As linhagens celulares de MB apresentaram expressão diminuída em comparação aos dois grupos controles. A classificação das amostras de MB permitiu verificar uma expressão gênica subgrupo específica. A expressão de TET3 apresentou associação com status da doença; e maiores níveis de IDH2 foram associados à metástase. Não foram encontradas mutações no éxon 4 de IDH1, ou no éxon 4 de IDH2 em MB. Os níveis de hidroximetilação global estão diminuídos em amostras de MB e linhagens celulares em comparação aos cerebelos não-neoplásicos; porém não estão associados com características clínicas dos pacientes. Não foram encontrados níveis detectáveis de hidroximetilação nos genes estudados. Os efeitos do ácido ascórbico foram linhagem-específicos, não ocorreu aumento nos níveis de hidroximetilação, mas alterações na expressão do gene TET3. Em conclusão, níveis de hidroximetilação e expressão dos genes TETs e IDHs são importantes para o MB. No entanto, estudos funcionais direcionados à manipulação desses genes são necessários para elucidar suas funções nesse tumor.Medulloblastoma (MB) is an embryonic tumor that originates from genetic alterations in pathways that are important to the neurogenesis of cerebellum, such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh) e Wingless (Wnt). These alterations allow us to classify MB based in expression and mutational profile in four subgroups: SHH, WNT, group 3 and group 4. The activation of these pathways could be related to hypermethylation of negative regulators. Hydroxymethylation dynamics was described during cerebellum development, but there are not reports in the literature about hydroxymethylation levels in MB samples. The main aims of this study were: to evaluate TET and IDH genes expression in MB using qPCR; to investigate hydroxymethylation levels using immunohistochemistry and dot-blot; to evaluate mutations in exon 4 of IDH1 and IDH2 genes through sequencing analysis; to analyze methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in genes that regulate SHH, WNT, NOTCH and BMP pathways; to modulate TET genes activity through ascorbic acid and verify its functional and epigenetic influence in MB cell lines. We observed a decrease in TET and IDH genes expression in MB samples compared to fetal cerebellum, but not according to non-fetal cerebellum. MB cell lines presented a decrease when compared to both control groups. The classification of MB samples allowed us to verify a subgroup-specific gene expression. TET3 expression was associated with disease status; and higher levels of IDH2 gene expression were associated with metastasis. We did not find mutations in exon 4 of IDH1 and exon 4 of IDH2 genes in MB samples. Hydroxymethylation levels were decreased in MB samples and cell lines when compared to non-neoplastic cerebellum; however, they were not associated with clinical characteristics of the patients. We did not detect hydroxymethylation levels in the studied genes. Ascorbic acid effects are cell linespecific: we did not observe increase in hydroxymethylation levels, but alterations in TET3 gene expression. In conclusion, hydroxymethylation and expression levels of TET and IDH genes are important for MB. Though, functional assays that target these genes are required to elucidate their function in MB.
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Geisler, Oliver. "Areale der Tat". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-97332.
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Ausgehend von dem vielfach formulierten Befund, dass körperliche Gewalt ein dem Erzählen widerständiges Ereignis ist, untersucht die Arbeit Romane, in denen mittels erzählter Räume dem Ereignis der Gewalt dennoch eine literarische Mitteilung abgerungen wird. Romane von Jospeh Conrad, Edlef Köppen, Imre Kertész und Norbert Gstrein werden dahingehend befragt, wie "Areale der Tat" erzählt werden und wie dadurch - gerade in seiner Entzogenheit und Unzugänglichkeit - ein Ereignis der Gewalt lesbar wird.
19
Marketing, Corporate Affairs and. "Rhythm, Vol.2 No.1, 07/2005". Corporate Affairs and Marketing, 2005. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000668.
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Fahrenfeld, Nicole Leah. "Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in historically contaminated aquifer sediments". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37811.
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The nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is a widespread, toxic groundwater contaminant. The objective of this work was to describe TNT fate in contaminated aquifer sediments. A series of bench scale experiments and model simulations were performed to evaluate the fate of TNT in historically contaminated aquifer sediments. A TNT contaminated site on the National Priorities List, Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot (FNOD), Suffolk, VA, served as the model site for this work. To describe desorption rate in contaminated sediments, two approaches for a first order single-site desorption were evaluated. In Model 1, the driving force for desorption is mathematically related to the sorbed phase concentrations, whereas in Model 2 the rate is based on aqueous phase concentrations. Two data sets were used to evaluate the models: (1) batch draw-and-fill experiments using FNOD sediment and (2) results from a previously published report from the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant. Both models provided adequate fit, but Model 2 was better behaved and first order parameters fell within a smaller confidence interval. Draw-and-fill experiments were observed to yield first-order mass transfer coefficients well aligned with those derived from column experiments.
The effect of organic amendments on anaerobic TNT degradation rate and microbial community structure in culture enriched from the FNOD site was studied in batch anaerobic microcosms. TNT readily degraded under all experimental conditions. A reductive pathway of TNT degradation was observed across all conditions, however, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis revealed distinct bacterial community compositions. In all microcosms, Gram-negative γ- or β-Proteobacteria and Gram-positive Negativicutes or Clostridia were observed. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis of DGGE profiles, the microcosm communities were most similar to field site sediment corresponding to the highest TNT concentration, relative to moderately and uncontaminated sediments, suggesting that TNT contamination itself is a major driver of microbial community structure. Candidate degraders were identified and a Pseudomonas sp. was observed to be stimulated under all conditions, which was confirmed to rapidly degrade TNT in pure culture.
Mathematical modeling of the batch microcosm results revealed that TNT degraded 1.7 times faster in lactate amended microcosms than in ethanol amended microcosms, which degraded 3.0 times faster than natural organic matter amended microcosms. Simulation of the TNT degradation pathway included determination of branching coefficients representing whether the first reduction of nitro group occurred in the ortho or para position or whether TNT was removed from the aqueous phase (i.e. bound to dissolved organic matter). Branching coefficients were greater for initial reduction of para (17-27% initial TNT concentration) over ortho (3-9% initial TNT concentration) for all test conditions. However, a greater degradate recovery and a different (lower para/ortho) ratio was observed for ethanol compared to lactate and un-amended conditions. Given the difference in sorption parameters between degradate isomers, these results suggest that differences in pathway branching stimulated by different electron donors are potentially relevant to long term site models. This work provides parameter values and model simulations of desorption relevant to other TNT contaminated sites, qualitative observations of how TNT-reducing bacterial community structure changes in response to electron donor addition, and quantitative comparison of the effect of electron donor addition on biodegradation rate with cultures relevant to field conditions; in addition, this work serves as a feasibility study demonstrating biodegradation as well as biostimulation potential at FNOD.Ph. D.
21
Chopard, Christophe. "Régulations de la sécrétion et de l’activité biologique de la protéine Tat du VIH-1 : rôles de la palmitoylation et de Gag". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20089/document.
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La protéine du VIH-1 est une protéine essentielle à la transcription et à la réplication du virus. Elle a donc un rôle crucial dans la cellule infectée. On sait qu'une partie de la Tat cellulaire peut être sécrétée, malgré l'absence de séquence signal. En effet, les 2/3 de la Tat cellulaire sont exportés par la cellule T-primaire infectée. Le mécanisme de sécrétion de Tat est non conventionnel et se produit directement à travers la membrane plasmique où Tat est recrutée grâce à sa très forte affinité pour le phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-biphosphate ou PI(4,5)P2 qui est exclusivement localisé à ce niveau. La Tat extracellulaire a un effet délétère sur de nombreux types cellulaires et agit donc comme une toxine virale. Elle constitue un facteur déterminant de l'évolution vers le SIDA. En accord avec cette efficacité de sécrétion par les cellules T primaires infectées, Tat est essentiellement localisée sur la membrane plasmique des T primaires infectées par le VIH-1. Une fraction importante de Tat est donc résidente à la membrane et nous avons recherché un mécanisme pouvant expliquer cette rétention et mis en évidence la palmitoylation. Nos travaux montrent que Tat est palmitoylée, dans des cellules T ainsi que dans les ‘cibles' comme les neurones et les macrophages. Cette palmitoylation, qui inhibe la sécrétion de Tat, est réalisée sur la cystéine 31 de Tat (qui possède 7 cystéines) par l'enzyme DHHC20 avec comme cofacteurs nécessaires les immunophilines (prolyl-isomérases), Cyclophiline A et FKBP12, qui interagissent avec Tat au niveau de la membrane. Nos résultats indiquent aussi qu'en présence de Gag, la palmitoylation de Tat est inhibée. Nous pensons que l'export de la CypA dû à son encapsidation diminuerait la quantité de CypA disponible pour Tat, inhibant la palmitoylation de Tat et permettant sa sécrétion efficace par les cellules infectées. En effet, le VIH-1 encapside 250 copies de CypA/virion, le taux de CypA régulant la virulence des virions produits. Dans les cellules cibles, Tat serait fortement palmitoylée ce qui induirait sa fixation quasi irréversible au PI(4,5)P2, l'empêchant de ressortir de la cellule et permet ainsi un effet cumulatif des doses reçues par la cellules. Cette accumulation de Tat perturbe des processus membranaires dépendant du PI(4,5)P2 tels que la phagocytose et la neurosécrétion. La palmitoylation de Tat est nécessaire pour ces effets. Ces actions de la Tat extracellulaire pourraient participer au développement des infections opportunistes et des troubles neurologiques observé lors du SIDAHIV-1 Tat is a small protein that is required for viral transcription and multiplication. It thus has a crucial role in the infected cell. It was known that Tat can be secreted despite its lack of signal sequence. In fact 2/3 of cellular Tat are exported by infected primary T-cells. The unconventional secretion of Tat relies on its interaction with phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-biphosphate or PI(4,5)P2, a lipid that is concentrated within the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and is strictly required for Tat secretion. Exogenous Tat has deleterious effects on several cell types, indicating that extracellular Tat is involved in evolution to AIDS. Consistent with this secretion efficiency, Tat is mainly localized at the plasma membrane of primary T-cells infected by HIV-1. A large fraction of Tat is resident at the membrane and we looked for a mechanism that could explain this retention and discovered that Tat is palmitoylated. Our studies show that Tat is palmitoylated, both in T-cells and also in ‘target' cells such as neurons and macrophages. Tat palmitoylation inhibits its secretion and is performed on Tat cysteine 31 (Tat has seven cyteines) by the enzyme DHHC20 using immunophilins (prolyl ismerases), Cyclophilin A (CypA) and FKPB12, as cofactors. Our results also indicate that the presence of Gag inhibits Tat palmitoylation. We believe that the export of CypA due to its encapsidation will make less CypA available for Tat, thereby inhibiting Tat palmitoylation. Indeed, HIV-1 encapsidates 250 copies of CypA/virion and the amount of CypA regulates the virulence of produced virions. In target cells, Tat is strongly palmitoylated and this modification induces its almost irreversible binding to PI(4,5)P2, preventing its secretion and allowing cumulative effect of minute Tat doses.Tat palmitoylation enables Tat to severely inhibit various PI(4,5)P2-dependent processes such as phagocytosis and neurosecretion. These effects of extracellular Tat likely contribute to the development of opportunistic infections and neurological disorders observed during AIDS
22
Kan, Fredericus Jacobus Wilhelmus van. "Sleutels tot de macht : de ontwikkeling van het Leidse patriciaat tot 1420 /". Hilversum : Verloren, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37148515p.
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Delhey, J. Kaspar V. "Sexual selection and blue tit (Parus caeruleus) crown coloration". Diss., Connect to this title online, 2005. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00004716/.
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Gorgels, A. P. M. "Van ziekteleer tot ziektebeheer". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2005. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=12779.
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Briant, Nicolas. "Devenir et biodisponibilité du Cu, Zn et TBT dans un environnement portuaire fortement contaminé : la marina de Port Camargue". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20120/document.
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Le domaine côtier Méditerranéen et particulièrement les ports représentent à la fois des zones de fortes pollutions liées à la densité de population et d'activité mais également des zones de refuge pour de nombreuses espèces aquatiques. Des études préliminaires ont démontré que les sédiments de Port Camargue soumis à une obligation de dragage présentent un niveau de contamination au cuivre et aux organoétains (OSn) important. Ces concentrations peuvent avoir des conséquences sur l'écosystème aquatique aussi bien en situation peu perturbée qu'au cours d'opération de dragage. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs de cette thèse consistent à caractériser l'état de la contamination dans les sédiments et la colonne d'eau, l'impact de cette contamination sur des organismes cibles, et identifier les processus contrôlant la dynamique des polluants dans la colonne sédimentaire et à l'interface eau/sédiment. Afin de réaliser les objectifs, l'étude a couplé une approche in-situ (prélèvements de carottes, échantillonnage d'eau interstitielle à l'interface, caging…) ainsi qu'un approche laboratoire in vitro (tests de sorption en microcosmes). Pour cela, l'étude de la contamination du compartiment sédimentaire (phase particulaire et dissoute) a été effectuée dans une première partie. Dans un deuxième temps, la spéciation du Cu, Zn et Mn ainsi que des OSn dans l'eau du port a été étudiée sur une période d'un an avant dragage puis pendant les six mois de dragage du port. Les effets de la contamination ont été étudiés sur des bivalves (Ruditapes et Loripes) immergés dans la colonne d'eau. Enfin, les isotopes du cuivre comme traceur de source de contamination ont été testés dans cet environnement simple, puisque le Cu anthropique provient essentiellement des peintures antifouling. L'ensemble de l'étude a permis de mieux comprendre le devenir, la dynamique et la biodisponibilité des polluants actuels et passés dans un environnement portuaire Méditerranéen fortement contaminé par le Cu et les OSnThe Mediterranean coastal area, particularly harbors and marinas represent areas of high pollution associated with population density and activity. They are also places of refuge for many aquatic species. Preliminary studies have shown that sediments from Port Camargue subject to mandatory dredging, present an important level of copper and organotins (OTs) contamination which can affect aquatic ecosystems. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are to characterize the state of contamination in sediments and the water column, the impact of this contamination on target organisms, and identify the processes that control the dynamics of pollutants in the sedimentary column and sediment/water interface. To achieve the objectives, the study coupled in situ approach (core samples, sampling of interstitial water at the interface, caging deployment…) and a laboratory in vitro approach (sorption tests in microcosms). For this study the contamination of the sediment (particulate and dissolved phases) was performed in a first part. Secondly, the speciation of Cu, Zn and Mn as well as OSn in the harbor water was studied over a period of one year before dredging and for the six months during the dredging operations. The effects of contamination were also examined on bivalves (Ruditapes and Loripes) immersed in the water column. Finally, the copper isotopes as tracers of source of contamination were tested in this simple environment, since anthropogenic Cu comes mainly from antifouling paints. The entire study has provided insight into the future, the dynamic and bioavailability of pollutants present and past in a Mediterranean port environment heavily contaminated with Cu and OSn
26
Hou, Bo. "Mechanism of dpH/TAT [DeltapH/TAT]-dependent protein transport at the thylakoid membrane". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975658646.
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Arruda, Kátia Magalhães. "A ATUAÇÃO DO JUDICIÁRIO TRABALHISTA E A PRECARIZAÇÃO DO TRABALHO: as decisões do TST e TRT do Maranhão e sua relação com a terceirização e flexibilização do trabalho". Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2008. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/817.
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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Katia Magalhaes Arruda.pdf: 712740 bytes, checksum: 7562c87339db6222352d67dca2a106e7 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-06-27The Judicial Power and the precarization of labor. Reflection of judicial decisions in social life has not been approached with the importance the matter requires, especially where the relations resulting from the conflicts between capital and work are concerned. The purpose of this paper is to draw the attention to decisions made by the Labour Federal High Court and the Regional Labour Court in Maranhão relative to precarious labour in Brazil, with emphasis on aspects such as contracting out, flexibilization of rights, poor health and hygienic conditions of workers and degrading work, which, sometimes, reaches the boundaries of slavery. The judicial posture adopted by the Labour Justice seeks to strike a balance between protecting the worker and preserving the company. Considering that the Judicial Power is part of the capitalist State, accomplishing that goal is questionable. In despite of that, the Labour Justice has developed and established itself as the branch of the Judiciary closest to social issues, not only when it plays the role of a mediator between individual and collective conflicts, but also when it, through its judges, prevents the fraud to the employment protection legislation. It can be concluded that the decisions of the Judicial Power based on constitutional principles and rules of employment protection and dignity of human being contribute to the effectiviness of labour rights.
O Judiciário trabalhista e a precarização do trabalho. Estudo sobre a atuação da justiça do trabalho e a relação de suas decisões com a precarização do trabalho no Brasil, considerando que esse é o ramo especializado para dirimir conflitos decorrentes das relações oriundas entre capital e trabalho. A presente pesquisa utiliza a jurisprudência do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho e do Tribunal Regional do Trabalho do Maranhão nos temas de terceirização, flexibilização de direitos, condições de saúde e higiene do trabalhador e formas degradantes de trabalho, inclusive em condição análoga à de escravo. Conclui-se que a postura jurídica adotada pela Justiça do Trabalho oscila entre a proteção ao trabalhador e a preservação da empresa, buscando um ponto de equilíbrio cujo alcance é questionável, uma vez que o Judiciário é poder integrante do Estado capitalista. A Justiça do Trabalho cresceu e se firmou como o ramo do Judiciário mais ligado às questões sociais, ao estabelecer uma prática mediadora nos conflitos individuais e coletivos, e impedir ou reprimir com suas decisões, a fraude à legislação trabalhista. Percebe-se, por fim, que as decisões do Poder Judiciário, exaradas em sentenças ou acórdãos, podem contribuir para a efetividade dos direitos trabalhistas, quanto mais estejam respaldadas nas regras e princípios constitucionais da proteção ao trabalho e da dignidade da pessoa humana.
28
Tsui-Bowen, Alethea. "Solid phase microextraction of amino-dinitrotoluenes in tissue". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4649/.
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TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) readily and predominantly transforms to 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene) and 4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene) in environmental matrixes and tissues. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used to extract ADNTs (amino-dinitrotoluenes) from tissue as a potential method to investigate the recalcitrance of metabolically-generated ADNTs versus absorbed ADNTs. Tubifex tubifex was allowed to metabolize TNT into ADNTs in 24-hr static non-renewal exposure test followed by 24-hr depuration in clean reconstituted hard water. Polyacrylate-coated (PA) SPME fibers were then deployed and agitated in tissue homogenates containing metabolically-generated ADNTs for 48 hr to provide a measure of available ADNTs. Extractability of ADNTs from T. tubifex tissue containing metabolically-generated ADNTs was significantly less than extractability of ADNTs from T. tubifex tissue containing absorbed ADNTs: 50-60% and 81-90% of expected extractability based on fiber-water partition ratio. The lower SPME extractability of metabolically-generated ADNTs may stem from the unavailability of metabolically-generated ADNTs sequestered in tissue or bound to tissue macromolecules during metabolism of TNT to ADNT. Tissue extractions using SPMEs may be able to estimate such bound organic residues in tissue and serve as potential indicators of toxicological bioavailability and biomagnification potential of tissue-associated organic compounds.
29
Yue, Junqi. "Destruction of TNT and RDX residues and devices /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3188852.
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Nominanda, Helinda. "Amorphous silicon thin film transistor as nonvolatile device". Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86004.
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n-channel and p-channel amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs)
with copper electrodes prepared by a novel plasma etching process have been fabricated
and studied. Their characteristics are similar to those of TFTs with molybdenum
electrodes. The reliability was examined by extended high-temperature annealing and
gate-bias stress. High-performance CMOS-type a-Si:H TFTs can be fabricated with this
plasma etching method.
Electrical characteristics of a-Si:H TFTs after Co-60 irradiation and at different
experimental stages have been measured. The gamma-ray irradiation damaged bulk
films and interfaces and caused the shift of the transfer characteristics to the positive
voltage direction. The field effect mobility, on/off current ratio, and interface state
density of the TFTs were deteriorated by the irradiation process. Thermal annealing
almost restored the original state's characteristics.
Floating gate n-channel a-Si:H TFT nonvolatile memory device with a thin a-
Si:H layer embedded in the SiNx gate dielectric layer has been prepared and studied. The
hysteresis of the TFT's transfer characteristics has been used to demonstrate its memory function. A steady threshold voltage change between the "0" and "1" states and a large
charge retention time of > 3600 s with the "write" and "erase" gap of 0.5 V have been
detected. Charge storage is related to properties of the embedded a-Si:H layer and its
interfaces in the gate dielectric structure. Discharge efficiencies with various methods,
i.e., thermal annealing, negative gate bias, and light exposure, separately, were
investigated. The charge storage and discharge efficiency decrease with the increase of
the drain voltage under a dynamic operation condition. Optimum operating temperatures
are low temperature for storage and higher temperature for discharge.
a-Si:H metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) capacitor with a thin a-Si:H film
embedded in the silicon nitride gate dielectric stack has been characterized for memory
functions. The hysteresis of the capacitor's current-voltage and capacitance-voltage
curves showed strong charge trapping and detrapping phenomena. The 9 nm embedded
a-Si:H layer had a charge storage capacity six times that of the capacitor without the
embedded layer. The nonvolatile memory device has potential for low temperature
circuit applications.
31
Pannier, Andy Joseph. "Reductive transformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene by Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15 under conditions of different initial pH of the culture medium or in the presence of ferrihydrite". Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/pannier/PannierA0509.pdf.
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Batch and column studies were conducted to examine the difference in the transformation pathways of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) reduction by a hemiascomycetous yeast (Yarrowia lipolytica AN-L15) under conditions of different initial pH of the culture medium or in the presence or absence of ferrihydrite. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), it was observed that Y. lipolytica AN-L15 was able to transform TNT at three different initial proton concentrations of the culture medium: pH 7.0, pH 6.5, and pH 4.5. In the presence of TNT, Y. lipolytica AN-L15 showed preferential growth (OD₆₀₀) at the lower initial pH of 4.5. The increased growth (OD₆₀₀) resulted in increased reduction of TNT-metabolites in the culture medium with an initial pH of 4.5, as compared to, the culture medium with an initial pH of 6.5 or the culture medium with an initial pH of 7.0. TNT transformation via aromatic ring reduction was the major transformation pathway observed, with the major metabolite being 3-H̄ -TNT. 4-hydroxylaminodinitrotoluene (4-HADNT) was the major metabolite of the nitro-group reduction pathway. In the presence of ferrihydrite at a pH of 7.0, the transformation of TNT by Y. lipolytica AN-L15 showed a change in the transformation pathway. Nitro-group reduction was the major pathway of TNT transformation in the presence of ferrihydrite with 4-HADNT and 2-aminodinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) being the major metabolites formed. The time it took to reduce TNT was longer and the concentrations of TNT-metabolites were lower in the presence of ferrihydrite than in its absence. This may have been due to competition for available electrons between TNT and TNT-metabolites and Fe(III). It is also possible that some of the intermediate products of TNT transformation were oxidized back to TNT-metabolites by Fe(III) resulting in lower concentrations of TNT-metabolites and increased concentrations of Fe(II). This study demonstrates the complexity of the interactions of various environmental parameters, under controlled laboratory conditions, in the transformation of TNT by Y. lipolytica AN-L15.
32
Glen, N. W. "The co-operative breeding behaviour of the long-tailed tit (Aegithalos caudatus)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233483.
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Todd, I. A. "An experimental analysis of the foraging behaviour of blue tits (Parus caeruleus L.)". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384744.
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McKinney, Ronan. "Picturing 9/11 : trauma, technics, mediation". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47167/.
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The September 11 attacks employed violence as a means of picture-making on a horrifically unprecedented scale. Furthermore, ‘9/11' crystallised the intersection of trauma discourse and visual culture at both popular and academic levels. Questions surrounding the role of visual images and processes of mediation within trauma theory are thus important in understanding an event which was fundamentally mediated and intensely visual. The concept of ‘virtual trauma' raises the possibility that mediation can become the site or source of trauma, as well as a mode of its transmission or representation. This thesis explores the ways in which the confusion of presence and absence named by the figure of virtuality operates in the register of visuality and visibility, both literal and figurative, in specific representations of 9/11 by Don DeLillo, Frédéric Beigbeder, Paul Greengrass and Luc Tuymans. These are read as responses to the problem of how to represent an event which was already its own representation. It therefore seeks to situate 9/11 within a history of technics as the enframing of a particular relationship between subject and object through representation, as proposed by Heidegger and developed by others including Derrida and Samuel Weber. Through detailed analyses of these works and their popular and academic reception, I highlight the ways in which they both employ and problematise structures of visibility, presence and mediation. Such representations offer an account of the tension between securing and ‘unsecuring' of the subject or beholder which is, in Weber's reading of Heidegger, the result of representational thinking. The thesis thus moves discussion of the impact of 9/11 into the wider context of debates over visuality and subjectification in contemporary media cultures.
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Fincher, Jennie. "Decentering and the Theory of Social Development". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149590/.
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The concept of decentering originated with Piaget, who defined decentering as a feature of operational thought, the ability to conceptualize multiple perspectives simultaneously. Feffer applied Piaget’s concept of decentering to the cognitive maturity of social content. This study used Feffer’s Interpersonal Decentering scoring system for stories told about TAT pictures to investigate the developmental hierarchy of decentering for children and adolescents. The participants originated from the Berkeley Guidance Study, a longitudinal sample of more than 200 individuals followed for more than 60 years by the Institute of Human Development at the University of California, Berkeley. The hypotheses tested were: (1) chronological age will be positively related to Decentering as reflected in Feffer’s Interpersonal Decentering scores obtained annually between ages 10 and 13 and at 18; (2) children born into higher class homes would have higher Age 12 Decentering scores; (3) children born later in birth order will have higher Age 12 Decentering scores; (4) children whose parents were observed to have closer bonds with their children at age 21 months will have higher Age 12 Decentering scores; (5) adolescents with higher scores from the Decentering Q-sort Scale (derived from adolescent Q-sorts) will have higher Age 12 Decentering scores; and (6) participants who have higher Age 12 Decentering scores will self-report higher CPI Empathy scale scores at Age 30. A repeated measures ANOVA tested Hypothesis 1. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients tested Hypotheses 2-6. Age and Decentering scores were unrelated, as was birth order; social class findings were mixed. Parents’ bonds with child and Age 12 Decentering were negatively correlated (closer bonds predicted higher Decentering), as were Age 12 Decentering and Age 30 Empathy (higher early Decentering predicted lower adulthood Empathy). Girls (age 12) tended to decenter more consistently and had higher Decentering scores than boys.
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MATTOS, Alessandra Batista de. "Determinação da troponina T cardíaca humana empregando sistema de microbalança de quartzo por injeção de fluxo". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2007. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1774.
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As determinações da troponina cardíaca T (TnT) podem contribuir para o diagnóstico e tratamento de infarto agudo do miocárdio e para a estratificação dos riscos dos pacientes com síndromes coronárias agudas no que respeita ao risco relativo de mortalidade. Neste trabalho, um sistema de microbalança de quartzo por injeção de fluxo baseado na alteração de freqüência elétrica em resposta à ligação antígeno-anticorpo foi empregado para determinação da TnT cardíaca. As variações de freqüências foram registradas por um contador de freqüência acoplado a um microcomputador. O anticorpo monoclonal específico foi imobilizado sobre a superfície de um eletrodo de cristal de quartzo por ligação irreversível via monocamadas auto-organizadas. O adsorbato composto por filme de alcanotiól foi formado incubando uma solução de 2-aminoetanotiol (cisteamina) por 2 h, seguido por glutaraldeído a 2,5% (v/v). Em seguida, anticorpos monoclonais anti- troponina T (anti-TnT) foram covalentemente imobilizados sobre o eletrodo de ouro do cristal de quartzo e foi usada uma solução de glicina (10mM) como agente bloqueante. Com o imunossensor desenvolvido foi possivel medir concentrações de troponina T com limite de detecção de 0,025 ng/mL. A superfície do sensor pode ser regenerada por injeção de uma solução do dodecil-sulfato de sódio 1% (p/v). A determinação da TnT foi realizada em amostras de soros humanos permitindo seu uso nas aplicações clínicas para diagnóstico do IAM
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Luca, Mihai Bogdan Burel Gilles. "Apports du chaos et des estimateurs d'états pour la transmission sécurisée de l'information". [s.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.univ-brest.fr/lest/tst/publications/pdf/TheseMihaiBogdanLuca.pdf.
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Thèse doctorat : Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication. Spécialité communications numériques : Brest : 2006.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Bibliogr. p.165-177. Index.
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Derive, Marc. "TLT-1 régule l’activation leucocytaire et contrôle la réponse inflammatoire systémique au cours du sepsis". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10151.
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Le récepteur TREM-1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1) joue un rôle crucial dans la mise en place du sepsis en amplifiant la réponse immunitaire de l'hôte. TLT-1 (TREM-Like Transcript-1) appartient à la famille des récepteurs TREMs, est exprimé exclusivement sur les plaquettes activées et est connu pour faciliter l'agrégation plaquettaire en liant le fibrinogène. Ces travaux montrent qu'une forme soluble de TLT-1 est impliquée dans la régulation de l'inflammation au cours du sepsis en modulant l'activation leucocytaire et le dialogue plaquette-neutrophile. Un peptide de 17 acides aminés issu de sa portion extracellulaire est porteur de cette activité par compétition avec le ligand de TREM-1. Alors que l'administration tant précoce que tardive de LR17 au cours du sepsis expérimental murin augmentait la survie, les animaux KO TLT-1 étaient hautement susceptibles à l'infection. Nous avons identifié ici un récepteur soluble libéré au cours de l'activation plaquettaire comme un potentiel régulateur de la réaction inflammatoire au cours du sepsis, ouvrant ainsi de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiquesThe Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) plays a crucial role during the onset of sepsis by amplifying the host immune response. The TREM-Like Transcript-1 (TLT-1) belongs to the TREM family, is selectively expressed on activated platelets, and is known to facilitate platelet aggregation through binding to fibrinogen. Here we show that a soluble form of TLT-1 is implicated in the regulation of inflammation during sepsis by dampening leukocytes activation and modulating platelet-neutrophil crosstalk. A 17-aa sequence of the TLT-1 extracellular domain (LR17) is responsible for this activity through competition with the TREM-1 ligand. While early or late LR17 treatment of septic mice improves survival, treml-1-/- animals are highly susceptible to polymicrobial infection. The present findings identify platelet derived sTLT-1 as a potent endogenous regulator of sepsis associated inflammation and open new therapeutic perspectives
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Lecigne, David. "Conception et évaluation de nouveaux peptides internalisants". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON13501.
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Le peptide Tat est un des "cell penetrating peptides" (CPP) les plus utilisés pour l'internalisation cellulaire de diverses molécules cargos. La molécule chimérique (Tat-cargo) induit une réponse biologique plus efficace comparée au cargo seul. Cependant, en marquant le peptide Tat à l'iode 125, il a été déterminé que seulement moins de 1 % de la quantité initiale de peptide est internalisé. Il y a donc une opportunité d'augmenter l'efficacité de cette internalisation. L'étape cruciale du processus d'internalisation est le passage transmembranaire. Cette thèse présente l'évaluation de l'impact d'un groupement hydrophobe intégré en différentes positions au peptide Tat, afin de favoriser son interaction avec la membrane. Un acide aminé modifié chimiquement comportant un groupement cholestéryle a été développé dans ce sens. Cet aminoacide peut être intégré en toute position du peptide Tat. Différentes positions au sein du peptide Tat ont été cholestérylées et l'effet sur le taux d'internalisation a été étudié par cytométrie en flux et par comptage suite au radiomarquage des peptides à l'iode 125.L'ajout de cholestérol en position centrale du peptide Tat induit une efficacité d'internalisation supérieure d'un facteur 30 alors qu'une augmentation moindre est observée suite à l'ajout du groupement hydrophobe en positions latérales, N- ou C-terminaleThe Tat peptide is one of the most used cell penetrating peptides for internalizing various cargo molecules into cells. The chimaeric molecule thus triggers an efficient cellular biological response when compared with the cargo molecule alone. However, following labeling of the Tat peptide with radiolabeled iodine, less than 1% of the external peptide was internalized. Therefore, there is an opportunity to improve the level of CPP internalization. The ultimate step is the crossing through the plasma membrane. This thesis presents an evaluation of the impact of a hydrophobic group incorporated at different positions to Tat peptide, to promote its interaction with the membrane.A chemically modified amino acid comprising a cholesteryl group was developed in this direction. This amino acid can be inserted at any position within the Tat peptide. Different positions within the Tat peptide were cholesterylated and the effect on the internalization rate of Tat CPP was investigated by flow cytometry and by counting following the radiolabeling of peptides with iodine 125.The addition of cholesterol in the central position of the peptide Tat induces internalization efficiency than a factor of 30 while a smaller increase was observed after the addition of hydrophobic group in lateral positions, N-or C-terminus
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Avican, Ummehan. "Twin-arginine translocation in Yersinia : the substrates and their role in virulence". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128090.
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Pathogenic Yersinia cause a manifold of diseases in humans ranging from mild gastroenteritis (Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica) to pneumonic and bubonic plague (Y. pestis), while all three have a common virulence strategy that relies on a well-studied type III secretion system and its effector proteins to colonize the host and evade immune responses. However, the role of other protein secretion and/or translocation systems in virulence of Yersinia species is not well known. In this thesis, we sought to investigate the contribution of twin-arginine translocation (Tat) pathway and its secreted substrates to the physiology and virulence of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Tat pathway uniquely exports folded proteins including virulence factors across the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria. The proteins exported by Tat pathway contain a highly conserved twin-arginine motif in the N-terminal signal peptide. We found that the loss of Tat pathway causes a drastic change of the transcriptome of Y. pseudotuberculosis in stationary phase at environmental temperature with differential regulation of genes involved in virulence, carbon metabolism and stress responses. Phenotypic analysis revealed novel phenotypes of the Tat-deficient strain with defects in iron acquisition, acid resistance, copper oxidation and envelope integrity, which we were partly able to associate with the related Tat substrates. Moreover, increased glucose consumption and accumulation of intracellular fumarate were observed in response to inactivation of Tat pathway implicating a generic effect in cellular physiology. We evaluated the direct role of 22 in silico predicted Tat substrate mutants in the mouse infection model and found only one strain, ΔsufI, exhibited a similar degree of attenuation as Tat-deficient strain. Comparative in vivo characterization studies demonstrated a minor defect for ΔsufI in colonization of intestinal tissues compared to the Tat-deficient strain during early infection, whereas both SufI and TatC were required for dissemination from mesenteric lymph nodes and further systemic spread during late infection. This verifies that SufI has a major role in attenuation seen for the Tat deficient strain both during late infection and initial colonization. It is possible that other Tat substrates such as those involved in iron acquisition and copper resistance also has a role in establishing infection. Further phenotypic analysis indicated that SufI function is required for cell division and stress-survival. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the highest number of differentially regulated genes in response to loss of Tat and SufI were involved in metabolism and transport. Taken together, this thesis presents a thorough analysis of the involvement of Tat pathway in the overall physiology and virulence strategies of Y. pseudotuberculosis. Finally, we propose that strong effects in virulence render TatC and SufI as potential targets for development of novel antimicrobial compounds
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Speidel, Joshua A. "Computational approaches to structure based ligand design : an illustration for P/CAF bromodomain ligands /". Access full-text from WCMC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1453183061&sid=21&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Weitzel, Annegret. "Tension Free Vaginal Tape (TVT)". Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-76515.
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Imhof-Rudolph, Heike. "Wehrpflicht ade - tut Scheiden weh?" Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4897/.
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Wieviel Bundeswehr braucht Deutschland? Und wozu? Das primäre Ziel der Bundeswehr, die Landesverteidigung, ist ein genauso antiquierter Begriff wie ihre Struktur. Welche Transformation der Streitkräfte ist geboten?
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Choi, Hyun. "TOT: the association strength heuristic". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2629.
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Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of association strength on TOT (tip-of-the-tongue states) and recall. Two hundred nineteen undergraduate students studied pictures and names of 24 imaginary animals that were presented on a large computer screen. The strength of association between the cue and target was manipulated by varying the number of times the picture and the name were presented simultaneously, while keeping the number of presentations for each picture or the target constant across conditions. After the study phase, participants were cued by each picture to recall the imaginary animal names. Participants were asked to rate their strength of TOT on a scale ranging 0 to 3 for each item if they could not think of the name at the moment. Participants also made subjective judgments as to how many times they saw the picture and name of the animal co-occur on the same screen at the study phase, and then they performed a recognition test at the end. The results indicated that the frequency and strength of TOTs linearly increased as a function of number of co-occurrences; the correlation between TOT strength and the participants??
subjective estimation of number of co-occurrences was greater than the correlation between TOT strength and the actual number of co-occurrences. This pattern of results was found even when recall increased along with the increase in number of co-occurrences and was more pronounced particularly when recall was reduced either by interference (Experiment 1) or by increased number of critical items (Experiments 2 & 3) and also by a reduced number of co-occurrence conditions and an increased gap between one level to the next (Experiment 3). Results suggest that an increase in association strength concomitantly increases TOT strength especially when the activation of the target is under threshold for recall and that people may use rules of thumb, or heuristic when they report TOTs by estimating the strength of the cue-target association.
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Unosson, Erik. "Arrival control of TFT displays". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11431.
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Displays to be used in display computers for vehicles and machines in critical environments shall be possible to inspect regarding pixel defects. The main part of the goal was to realize a test equipment so that different colours can be visualized on displays of different resolutions and interfaces, with a minimum startup time. The inspection of the displays will be visual. One pixel is consisting of three sub-pixels: red, green and blue, each controlled by a Thin Film Transistor (TFT). If some TFTs are broken, different types of pixel defects occur. There is an ISO standard defining classes for how many defects of each type that can exist on a display before it should be replaced by the supplier. But other limits can be agreed between supplier and customer. To be able to see the different types of pixel faults, 5 different colours should be shown on the display: red, green, blue, black and white. A list was supplied containing 10 different models of display elements for which tests should be possible. They were thoroughly analyzed regarding their technical data for resolution and interfaces for backlight and video signals. The displays are of 3 different resolutions. 5 displays have backlight of the older technology Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (CCFL) which means neon light from tubes, while 5 have the later technology Light Emitting Diodes (LED). 2 of the displays receive the video signals in parallel, while 8 receive them via Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS). The LVDS connector showed to have a special pin configuration for 2 of the 8 LVDS displays. This was the most important discovery, because if the standard LVDS cable would have been used from the carrier board, the displays would probably have been damaged. Because of these differences different types of boards and cables had to be used, both standard parts and modified, to be able to supply the different display models with backlight and video signals. To achieve the main part of the goal an existing display computer was modified and used as the base platform for a prototype test equipment. All signaling to the display had to be generated by the FPGA instead of the CPU module. The FPGA project was written in VHDL language. The project included six different modules of which some were written from scratch, some were reused and some were partly reused from an already existing FPGA project. Display resolution is set with a jumper and the 5 colours are visualized in a loop, using a push button.
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Todde, Carlo. "Exploitation asymétrique d'un corridor THT". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ38713.pdf.
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Basson, Catherina Susanna. "'n Funksionalistiese benadering tot Bybelvertaling". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52954.
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Thesis (M Phil)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The functional approach to translation is investigated in the context of Bible translation. For some practising translators, functionalism has application only in the production of instrumental translations, and for them this approach will inevitably lead to the dethroning of the source text. In Bible translation the status of the source text is very important. With the functional equivalence approach this status is disregarded in an effort to produce a Bible translation that can be used as a missionary instrument. Within functionalism, however, a documentaryexoticising translation can retain the status of the source text and can have the skopos to bridge the cultural gap between Biblical times and the modern world by adding cultural information. This was the skopos of a functional translation of the New Testament in German. Examples from this translation, as well as examples from the NAV (1983), were examined qualitatively to see how additional cultural information could assist the target reader in understanding the otherness of the ancient Biblical text. An empirical investigation was done. Text fragments from the NAV (1983), with cultural information added, were presented to people who study the Bible regularly. The response to the additional cultural information was very positive. The focus in the literature study was on the functional approach to translation, also known as skopos theory. This was compared with the functional equivalence approach as well as the newer relevance theory approach as described by Gutt. Attention was also given to the importance of culture in translation. In the functional approach other skopoi and other target groups can be identified. In a further study, the application of this approach to the translation of the Old Testament can be investigated. The functional approach might also be used in the translation of other ancient religious texts such as the Koran and the Torah. The benefits of co-operation between experts in the field of the Biblical languages and culture and practising translators are shown. The skopos of the translation will give such a team the framework within which they can produce a translation with a specific aim for a specific target group. The functional approach can be applied broadly to include both instrumental and documentary translations. In the case of Bible translation the documentary-exoticising translation provides the framework wherein the source text of the Bible can be accounted for in a responsible way. The application of functionalism is, however, wide enough to include all types of translation, provided that a clear skopos is identified and formulated for each translation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie word ondersoek ingestel na die rol wat die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling in Bybelvertaling kan speel. Sommige praktiserende vertalers het 'n beperkte siening van funksionalisme en koppel dit uitsluitlik aan 'n instrumentele vertaling en die noodwendige onttroning van die bronteks. In Bybelvertaling is die status van die bronteks een van die belangrikste kwessies. Met die funksioneel-ekwivalente benadering word hierdie status aangetas om 'n Bybelvertaling te kan lewer wat primêr as sendinginstrument gebruik kan word. Die funksionalistiese benadering bied egter die moontlikheid om 'n vertaling daar te stel wat dokumentêr-eksotiserend is, maar ook aan die leser daarvan bykomende kulturele inligting kan gee sodat die kultuurgaping oorbrug kan word. Hierdie spesifieke skopos is reeds toegepas in 'n funksionalistiese vertaling van die Nuwe Testament in Duits. Gedeeltes uit hierdie vertaling, asook uit die NAV (1983), word kwalitatief ondersoek om te sien hoe bykomende kulturele inligting die leser kan help om die andersheid van die antieke Bybelse teks beter te kan verstaan. In 'n empiriese ondersoek is teksgedeeltes uit die NAVen teksgedeeltes met bykomende kulturele inligting aan persone wat gereeld Bybelstudie doen, voorgelê. Hierdie lesers het die vertaling met die bykomende kulturele inligting baie positief ontvang. In die literatuurondersoek word die funksionalistiese benadering tot vertaling, ook genoem die skopos-teorie, breedvoerig bespreek en vergelyk met die funksioneleekwivalensie- benadering en die nuwer relevansie-teorie soos deur Gutt op vertaling van toepassing gemaak. Die verskillende aspekte van kultuur in vertaling kry ook aandag. Die funksionalistiese benadering bied die moontlikheid om ander skopoi en ander teikenlesers te identifiseer. In 'n verdere studie kan die toepassing van hierdie benadering op die vertaling van die Ou Testament ondersoek word. Die funksionalistiese benadering kan ook gebruik word by die vertaling van ander antieke religieuse tekste soos die Koran en die Torah. Die voordele van samewerking tussen kenners van die brontaal en -kultuur en praktiserende vertalers word uitgewys. In so 'n geval sal 'n duidelike skopos aan die kenners die raamwerk verskaf waa~binne 'n vertaling met 'n spesifieke doel en teikengroep aangepak kan word. Die funksionalistiese benadering kan breedweg toegepas word om sowel instrumentele as dokumentêre vertalings in te sluit. In die geval van Bybelvertaling bied die dokumentêreksotiserende vertaling 'n raamwerk waarbinne die bronteks van die Bybel verantwoordbaar in berekening gebring kan word. Die reikwydte van funksionalisme is egter sodanig dat dit enige tipe vertaling kan insluit op voorwaarde dat 'n duidelike skopos vir elke afsonderlike vertaling gedefinieer word.
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Kalis, ML. "Omgewingsgesondheid : 'n poging tot fundering". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/797.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1993Met hierdie studie word daar gepoog om omgewingsgesondheid, soos dit op plaaslike owerheidsvlak in Suid-Afrika manifesteer, te fundeer. In hierdie poging tot fundering van omgewingsgesondheid word daar spesifiek na omgewingsgesondheidsbeamptes se betrokkenheid by omgewingsgesondheidsdienslewering verwys. ampte1ik as Gesondword die benaming deur die benaming omgewingsgesondheidsbeamptes staan tans heidsinspekteurs bekend, daarenteen I Gesondheidsinspekteur , progressief 'Omgewingsgesondheidsbeampte' vervang. Die funksionele werksveld van omgewingsgesondheidsbeamptes bestaan uit omgewingsaangeleenthede (nie-persoonlike gesondheid) en behels aangeleenthede soos drinkwatersuiwering, waterbesoedelingsbeheer, die suiwering van afloopwater, sanitasie, afvalbeheer (vaste, vloeibare en toksiese afval), voedselhigiene, vleishigiene, omgewingsaspekte ten opsigte van aansteeklike siektes, boukunde, behuising, die daarstel van 'n sosiale omgewing, berdryfshigiene, bedryfsveiligheid, stralingsbeheer, omgewingsgeraasbeheer, termiese besoedelingsbeheer en lugbesoedelingsbeheer. Buiten oorerflikheidsfaktore, kan mens like siektes deur middel van 'n effektiewe omgewingsgerigte diens voorkom word. nit is wenslik om te voorkom dat iemand siek word eerder as om 'n siek persoon te genees. nit is verder irrasioneel om 'n persoon wat genees is, weer in dieselfde omgewing terug te plaas wat homjhaar aanvanklik siek gemaak het.
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Schilithz, Priscila Ferreira. "Avaliação da exposição de botos-cinza (Sotalia guianensis Van Benédén, 1864) aos compostos orgânicos de estanho através das concentrações hepáticas de estanho total na costa sudeste e sul do Brasil". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7089.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorDurante as últimas décadas, observou-se um aumento da preocupação em relação aos ecossistemas marinhos devido à grande entrada de poluentes, resultando em efeitos deletérios em organismos aquáticos e seres humanos. Dentre as atividades humanas que podem introduzir compostos tóxicos persistentes e bioacumulativos (PBTs Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxicants) no ambiente marinho está o uso de tintas antiincrustrantes, aplicadas nos cascos de navios para evitar que algas, mexilhões e outros organismos se fixem às embarcações. Não raramente, compostos organoestânicos (OTs) como o Tributilestanho (TBT) ou o Trifenilestanho (TPT) constituíam o princípio ativo de tal preparado. Devido à alta toxicidade desses compostos, a IMO (Organização Marítima Internacional) baniu totalmente o uso dos mesmos. Como os OTs são prontamente bioacumulados, elevadas concentrações de estanho total (SnT) vêm sendo encontradas em cetáceos (Mammalia, Cetacea). Os botos-cinza (Sotalia guianensis Van Beneden, 1864) ocupam elevados níveis tróficos e bioacumulam os PBTs aos quais estão expostos. Alguns autores relataram que o estanho hepático em cetáceos se encontra predominantemente na forma orgânica, visto que, na forma inorgânica tal metal é pobremente absorvido pela mucosa gastrintestinal, de forma que as concentrações hepáticas de SnT refletem o input antrópico de OTs. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo, avaliar a exposição de botos-cinza aos OTs, através determinação das concentrações hepáticas de estanho total (SnT = orgânico + inorgânico), por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Atomização em Forno de Grafite (GFAAS Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry). Para tal, amostras de botos-cinza de diferentes áreas do litoral brasileiro, compreendendo a Região da Grande Vitória (GV), Baía de Guanabara (BG), Baía de Sepetiba (B.Sep), a Baía de Paranaguá (PR) e a Baía da Babitonga (SC), foram analisadas, visando comparar ambientes distintamente contaminados com OTs. Sendo assim, as concentrações hepáticas de SnT (em ng/g, peso seco) de botos-cinza variaram de <312 (limite de detecção) a 8.250, para a GV (n=22); de <312 a 14.100, para B.Sep (n = 38); <312 a 5.147, para PR (n= 22), bem como de 626 a 24.780 (ng/g, peso seco) para os botos de SC (n=10). As maiores concentrações foram verificadas nos botos da BG (n=11), variando de 1.265 a 24.882 (ng/g, peso seco). As concentrações encontradas na Baía de Guanabara (BG) estão entre as mais elevadas detectadas em cetáceos.
During the last decades, the large pollutant input has led to an increased concern over marine ecosystems. This environmental contamination results in deleterious effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Among the anthropogenic activities that may introduce persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs) into the marine environment is the use of antifouling paint. It is applied on ship hulls and other floating structures to prevent algae, mussels and other organisms to fix on these surfaces. Often, organotin compounds (OTs), such as Tributyltin (TBT) or Triphenyltin (TPT), constituted the active ingredient in these mixtures. Due to the high toxicity of these compounds, the IMO (International Maritime Organization), banned their use entirely. As OTs are readily bioaccumulated, high total tin (SnT) concentrations have been found in cetaceans (Mammalia, Cetacea). Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis, Van Beneden, 1864) occupy high trophic levels and bioaccumulate the PBTs they are exposed to. Some authors reported that hepatic tin is predominantly found in its organic form in cetaceans, as inorganic tin is poorly absorbed by gastrointestinal mucosa. Therefore, the hepatic SnT concentration reflect the input of anthropogenic OTs. The present study aimed to evaluate Guiana dolphin exposure to OTs in Brazilian waters through hepatic total tin (SnT = organic + inorganic) concentrations. Analyses were performed by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). Guiana dolphin samples from diferente areas of the Brazilian litoral, comprising the Region of Grande Vitória (GV), Guanabara Bay (BG), Sepetiba Bay (B.Sep), Paranaguá Bay (PR) and Babitonga Bay (SC), have been analyzed for comparison of distinctly OT-contaminated environments. Hepatic SnT concentrations (ng/g dry weight) of Guiana dolphins varied from <312 (detection limit) to 8250, for GV (n = 22); from <312 to 14100, for B.Sep (n = 38); <312 to 5147 for PR (n = 22); as well as from 626 to 24780, for SC (n=10). The highest concentrations were found in dolphins from BG (n = 11), which ranged from 1265 to 24882. The concentrations found in Guanabara Bay (BG) are among the highest detected in cetaceans.
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