Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "T cell diversity"
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Golby, Sarah Jane Charity. "Diversity of T cell subsets in mucosal microenvironments". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369221.
Texto completo da fonteFurmanski, Anna Louise. "Diversity and selection of the murine T-cell repertoire". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434779.
Texto completo da fonteLee, Edward S. "Quantifying the development, size, and repertoire diversity of T cell populations". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/31002/.
Texto completo da fonteTrichot, Coline. "Regulation of Human T Helper Cell Diversity : From In Vitro Dendritic Cell-Based Mechanisms to Candidate Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS423.
Texto completo da fonteHuman immunity is essentially driven by dendritic cells and T helper cells. When dendritic cells detect a pathogen, they will instruct T helper cells to adopt the adapted phenotype for the specific threat encountered. T helper cells are subdivided in multiple subsets, characterized by particular sets of cytokines. Each T helper subset has specific functions and is involved in the clearance of distinct pathogens. If T helper responses are not precisely regulated, they can become pathogenic, in this case T helper pathways can be considered as potential targets for therapy. In this context, I focused my PhD work on studying T helper cell subset diversity and regulation. First, I demonstrated the ability of TSLP-activated dendritic cell to induce T follicular helper cell polarization. Then I participated in building a mathematical model capable of predicting T helper cell response to dendritic-cell derived signals. This model allowed us to identify the specific role of IL-12p70, in an IL-1 context, to induce IL-17F without IL-17A. Finally, I monitered eight T helper and T follicular helper cell populations in peripheral blood from atopic dermatitis patients treated with Dupilumab, an immunotherapy targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit, and was able to show a correlation between decrease of Th17 cell percentage and improvement of EASI clinical score. Overall, my work on Th phenotype diversity provides key mechanistic insight with potential application in immunotherapy
Stirk, Emily Ruth. "Stochastic modelling of diversity and ageing in the naive T cell repertoire". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531516.
Texto completo da fonteBrookes, Roger Hamilton. "Generation of diversity in T cell epitope hierarchy by different routes of immunisation with simian immunodeficiency virus core protein". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283133.
Texto completo da fonteSingh, Ogesh. "Regulatory T cell diversity analysis and a gene transfer approach to cellular immunotherapy in a murine model of type one diabetes". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522749.
Texto completo da fonteJurewicz, Mollie M. "The non-classical MHC-II molecule DO regulates diversity of the immunopeptidome and selection of the CD4 regulatory T cell lineage". eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1030.
Texto completo da fonteAmeres, Stefanie Verfasser], e Horst [Akademischer Betreuer] [Domdey. "The T cell repertoire specific for the IE-1 protein of human cytomegalovirus : diversity, function and evasion / Stefanie Ameres. Betreuer: Horst Domdey". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104831099X/34.
Texto completo da fonteKarpf, Léa. "Systematic Study of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell Polarization A Quantitative Multivariate Model of Human Dendritic Cell-T Helper Cell Communication TH Cell Diversity and Response to Dupilumab in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis Inborn Errors of Type I IFN Immunity in Patients With Life-Threatening COVID-19 Quantitative Modeling of OX40 Ligand Context-Dependent Function on Human T Helper Cell SARS-CoV-2 Induces Activation and Diversification of Human Plasmacytoid Pre-Dendritic Cells". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL044.
Texto completo da fonteAdaptive immunity is mainly orchestrated by CD4 T helper cells. They have the ability to polarize in several subsets, each associated to a suitable phenotype for the encounter pathogen. T helper cell activation can be regulated by co-stimulator, such as OX40 Ligand, or co-inhibitor immune checkpoint molecules. These molecules have been studied individually, in specific conditions. However, context-dependency may explain large parts of the functional variability of biological molecules on a given output. Currently, there is no framework to analyze and quantify context-dependency of a molecule over multiple contexts and response outputs. My PhD project focused on OX40L function on T helper cell polarization, in 4 molecular and 11 cellular contexts. We measured 17 T helper cytokines and developed a statistical modeling strategy to quantify OX40L context-dependency on these cytokines. This revealed highly variable qualitative and quantitative context-dependency scores, depending on the output cytokine and context type. Among molecular contexts, Th2 was the most influential on OX40L function. Among cellular contexts, dendritic cell type rather than activating stimulus was dominant in controlling OX40L contextdependency. My thesis work unveils the complex determinants of OX40L function, provides a unique framework to quantify the context-dependent functional variability of any biomolecule, and supports that context-dependency should be more taken into consideration in future studies
Diaz, Herrero Alba. "Characterization of Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL057.
Texto completo da fonteDiffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma worldwide, characterized by an abnormal proliferation of mature B cells. It is an aggressive B-cell malignancy for which the current therapeutic strategies are still insufficient. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the dynamic network of cells and all elements surrounding and interacting with the tumor. It plays an important role in cancer development, treatment response, and patient survival. Consequently, investigating the TME in DLBCL patients is crucial to discover the mechanisms leading to relapse and identify prognostic biomarkers. However, its diffuse tissue structure presents a challenge in elucidating the cellular organization and communication within the TME. The objective of my Ph.D. thesis is to conduct a comprehensive multimodal characterization of the immune cells within the DLBCL tumor microenvironment.To facilitate access to human samples, I developed and implemented an ethically approved clinical research protocol and a circuit of tissue and blood samples from patients with DLBCL treated at Saint Louis hospital, ensuring that the patient cohort reflects the heterogeneity of the disease.First, I performed a deep characterization of T lymphocytes, with special focus on describing their role within the DLBCL tissue. Indeed, Tumor-infiltrating T-cells (TILS) are key players in the NHL TME, presenting different subtypes and cell states. I apply multiparametric flow cytometry and high-dimensional spectral cytometry to investigate the complex landscape of T diversity in DLBCL biopsies, as well as their communication patterns with other immune cells in the tissue. The unsupervised analysis approach identified unexpected T-cell subtypes at a protein level, compared to tissue control and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Furthermore, the ligand-receptor expression analysis enabled the cell-cell communication study of those T-cell subpopulations within the TME context. Second, I aimed to characterize transcriptomic immune landscapes at a large scale within DLBCL tissue. However, RNA sequencing technologies characterize isolated cells from dissociated tissues with a loss of spatial context. I applied spatial transcriptomics, a cutting-edge technology that enables gene expression mapping in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of DLBCL biopsies, thus preserving their morphological information. I identified distinct anatomically restricted gene expression profiles in DLBCL samples, defying the historical notion of DLBCL diffuse architecture. These profiles can be classified into ecosystems that differ in cellular composition, functional patterns, and neighborhood characteristics. Moreover, their spatially resolved signatures classify patients with different overall survival revealing the prognostic potential of these spatial identities.Third, I evaluated the effects of altering the communication between NK cells and malignant B cells in DLBCL. I performed a functional in vitro assessment of a blocking antibody developed by the pharmaceutical company Servier. The functional assays demonstrated the effect of the molecular candidate in co-culture settings by improving cytotoxic functions of NK cells against tumor cells. These findings highlight the importance of targeting the interaction between effector cells and malignant B cells to develop effective therapies for DLBCL.This multidisciplinary project carried out on human samples provides a deep understanding of the heterogeneity of immune cells in DLBCL microenvironment at a protein and transcriptomic level while considering their spatial organization. Hence, this project holds significant therapeutic potential, by gaining insights into the disease heterogeneity and its impact on clinical outcome. This project could eventually lead to the discovery of new potential biomarkers and effective therapeutic strategies for DLBCL patients
Millet, Antoine. "Caractérisation quantitative et génétique de la dynamique sanguine et tissulaire du virus de l'immunodéficience simienne chez le macaque cynomolgus en histoire naturelle The extensive widespread of SIV distribution in macaques suggests that secondary lymphoid tissues are the main drivers of viral dynamics Optimal maturation of the SIV‐specific CD8+ T cell response after primary infection is associated with natural SIV control. ANRS SIC study Modeling acute SIV infection suggests that early establishment of cytotoxic response drives the virological control, and unravels heterogeneous infected cells populations". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2119&f=17058.
Texto completo da fonteSimian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) infection persists in the body with infected cells containing the integrated viral genome. These cells called "reservoirs" constitute the major barrier to viral eradication and are focus of interest of new therapeutic challenges. The simian model enables the exploration of tissue reservoirs and viral evolution throughout the whole body. In a first part, the aim of our work was to characterize the dynamics of SIV in the blood and tissues in the absence of treatment. In the P-Visconti program, six macaques were infected by SIVmac251 and were followed 6 months before euthanasia. We developed ultrasensitive assays for the SIV DNA quantification (cell infection level) and cell-associated SIV RNA (caSIV RNA), expressing the transcriptional ability of infected cells. In addition, we developed a high throughput sequencing method and bioinformatics tools for in-depth analysis of more than 60 million reads, describing the evolution and number of viral variants in blood and tissues. We showed that the kinetics of the number of infected blood cells and their transcriptional level reflected the kinetics of plasma viremia. Moreover, the evolution of genetic diversity (number of variants and genetic distance) mimicked the evolution of the two markers. The variants constituting the inoculum tended to disappear as soon as day (D)28 in the plasma but persisted longer in the blood cells. The proportion of major variants evolved over time and, despite identical inoculum, a great heterogeneity of infection levels and genetic diversity could be observed among the monkeys. At 6 months post infection, many tissues were collected at euthanasia. We showed a disseminated and replicative infection over 26 anatomical sites, including skin and adipose tissues. Secondary lymphoid organs exhibited the highest levels of infection and transcriptional activity, which were associated with the most divergent viral quasi-species profiles from the inoculum, highlighting the major role of lymph nodes in the viral evolution. Infection level of many tissues was correlated with that observed in blood at the peak of replication. The different lymphoid tissues and several non-lymphoid tissues shared some major variants, indicating high exchanges of virions and/or infected cells between tissues (Manuscript 1). In a second part, we examined a model of SIVmac infected macaques, and 12 out of 16 animals exhibited spontaneous viral control (Simian "controllers": SIC). No difference of viral level was observed in blood at the peak (D15) between SIC and non-controller macaques. In contrast, SIC had a significantly lower level of infection in the lymph nodes since D15. Moreover, after 18 months, SIV DNA loads appeared lower in all SIC tissues. In addition, immunological studies (C. Pereira et al., I. Pasteur) showed that suppressive activity of SIV-specific CD8+ T cells has been developed over time and was related to lower viral reservoir levels (Manuscript 2). Mathematical modeling combining these immuno-virological data (V. Madelain et al., Univ Paris 7) showed a biphasic decay of SIV DNA after the peak of viremia in SIC, that could be related to 2 cell populations (one with short half-life and the other with a long half-life). These results indicate which cells have to been targeted in the context of remission and/or cure studies (Manuscript 3). All of these data demonstrate the key role of lymphoid tissues in the infection dynamics and in viral variants diffusion and diversification. The strong viral spread highlights the need to use molecules that penetrate throughout the whole body
Le, Paslier Denis. "Genetique moleculaire de deux familles multigeniques primordiales pour l'immunite : les genes des recepteurs des cellules t pour l'antigene et le complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite chez l'homme". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077104.
Texto completo da fonteGrandclaudon, Maximilien. "Analyses multivariées de la génération de la diversité des cytokines des cellules T CD4 et association de cette diversité aux différents sous types de cancer du sein". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS286/document.
Texto completo da fonteToday several levels of complexity have emerged in the field of T helper cytokines: 1) the important number of distinct cytokines that Th cell can secrete in various combinations; 2) The multiplicity of signals that can act during Th differentiation to define the Th cytokine secretion profiles 3) The associations of these T helper secretion profiles with complex diseases. During my PhD I focused on these three levels of complexity and study the generation of T helper cytokine diversity and its association to breast cancer subtypes using multivariate analysis and statistical modeling. First, I was able to build the first statistical model linking 37 dendritic cell derived signals to 18 T helper cytokines. Using this model to derive in silico predictions, I was able to found a new role for IL-12p70 as a promoter of Th17 differentiation and as a main differential inducer of IL-17F independently of Il-17A in presence of IL-1. Then, studying the associations of the Th cytokine diversity with the different subtypes of human breast cancers, I found that Th17 cytokines were preferentially associated to Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). I found that TNBC patients with a high Th17 signature had a better survival. In addition, I showed that Th17 can be combined to clinical prognosis assessment scores, such as the Nottingham Prognosis Index, to better stratify TNBC patients in relevant subgroups for survival prognosis assessment
Chéret, Antoine. "Etude de l’établissement des réservoirs VIH lors de la primo-infection et de l’impact des traitements antirétroviraux très précoces sur ces réservoirs". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T013/document.
Texto completo da fonteHIV primary infection is a critical period in the establishment of the reservoirs that justifies the initiation of an early treatment. We started a randomised trial to assess the impact of a two-year intense HAART (ANRS147 OPTIPRIM trial: five-drug therapy versus. three-drug therapy) on the blood reservoir; within this this trial, we included some pathophysiological studies. Thus, we show that during the primary infection, viruses have a low genetic diversity in blood and rectal compartments. The reservoir establishes itself as early as the first month of the infection by spreading a homogeneous viral cluster in CD4 T cells subsets, naive T cells (TN), central memories (TCM), transitional memories (TTM), effector memories (TEM), and resting T cells. This results in a disruption of the lymphocyte homeostasis, linked to the low contribution to the reservoir of TN and TCM, which are little differentiated cells with long half-lives. Moreover, we show that, at the time of the primary infection, the majority of patients do not have the ability to develop CD8 T cells responses that could suppress the viral replication, as HIV Controllers patients do. After two years of treatment, we observe that there is no evolution of the viral diversity, but the size of the reservoir is significantly reduced. The abnormalities of the CD4 T cells lymphocyte homeostasis remain, but the very early treatment was able to protect the TN and TCM. The five-drug therapy does not have any additional benefit, but we confirm the idea that early treatment can induce long-term virological control after the discontinuation of the treatment. Our results show that a treatment lasting more than two years would be able to reinforce the reduction of the reservoir. These results should be taken into account in the development of future trials aiming to reduce the reservoir in patients treated at the time of primary infection for a sustainable remission
Kelly, Christabel. "Novel adenoviral vectored vaccines and the implications of viral diversity in therapeutic strategies against Hepatitis C Virus infection". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8991c349-7096-4643-ae6a-2e36902c8056.
Texto completo da fonteAmoriello, Roberta. "T-cell response in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: a computational approach to T-cell receptor repertoire diversity before and during disease-modifying therapies". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1194819.
Texto completo da fonteMcKinnon, Lyle. "HIV-specific CD8+ T cell phenotype and HIV-1 genetic diversity : understanding the interplay". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21499.
Texto completo da fonteYee, Donna. "The Expanding Diversity of Plant U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Arabidopsis: Identifying AtPUB18 and AtPUB19 Function during Abiotic Stress Responses". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/26265.
Texto completo da fonte