Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Systèmes de transport multimodaux"
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Atmani, Dihya. "Affectation dynamique dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1132/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work consists on the realization of a dynamic guidance system in a multimodal network for users equipped with an information device while taking into account users that are not equipped with such devices. The work is organized into parts: a conception part and a theoretical study part. The conception part consists on the development of the guidance tool using a multi agent architecture. This tool assists users in their daily travels by giving them the itinerary that suits best not only their needs but also the overall network. The theoretical study emphasizes on how the performance of the network can be enhanced. To do so, three main studies will be presented: the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries, the impact of the reorientation of users towards transportation systems on the road network and finally the benefits of introducing autonomous vehicles
Sossoe, Kwami. "Modélisation des systèmes de transport multimodaux de grands réseaux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1196/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work consists on the modeling of traffic flow of a large multimodaltransportation network. The work is organized in two parts: a theoretical study part anda development part. The theoretical study emphasizes on how a multimodal network canbe model and how its performance in terms of supply can be optimized. To do so, threemain studies are discussed: the traffic flow prediction and regulation on large surface net-works, the vehicular multimodality in big surface networks taking into account new forms ofmobility, and finally the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries. The devel-opment part consists on the conception of a traffic flow simulator to regulate the vehicularmultimodal traffic. The developed simulator should assist transport operators and territorialcommunities in their traffic flow management strategies
Olave, cruz Isac Antonio. "L'intégration des plateformes de mobilité numérique dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD018.
Texto completo da fonteOver the past century, private cars have dominated the transport industry, profoundly shaping economic activity. However, this car-centric approach has also come with substantial costs, due to increasing traffic congestion and carbon emissions. In response, cities have increasingly adopted digital mobility platforms to improve transportation efficiency and enhance quality of life. Leveraging the principles of the sharing economy, digital mobility platforms provide short-term access to various means of transport. This model is appealing because it promotes more efficient use of capital and offers cleaner alternatives to individual car usage. To effectively address transport-related concerns, they must reduce car dependency, address travelers' dilemmas, and fostering complementarities with mass transit. However, the lack of robust empirical evidence limits our understanding of whether digital mobility platforms adhere to these principles. Therefore, the question of how to effectively integrate digital mobility platforms into existing transport systems remains an ongoing subject of scrutiny. This thesis contribute to this debate in four papers. Chapter 2 builds on the theory of platform economics to develop a business model typology for digital mobility platforms and identify the nature for public intervention. Chapter 3 explores the market dynamics between public transport and bike sharing, revealing complementarities after long periods of disruption in the network. Chapter 4 evaluates parking regulations for e-scooters. The findings suggest a positive effect on improper parking, but an unexpected negative effect on accessibility. Chapter 5 investigates car pooling's potential for carbon emission reduction, and explore policies to improve carbon mitigation. Overall, this thesis provides insights for decision makers and practitioners to design more efficient and sustainable multi-modal transport systems. Crafting regulations that guide technology toward economic and environmental objectives is paramount for the future
Melki, Asma. "Système d'aide à la régulation et évaluation des transports multimodaux intégrant les cybercar". Ecole centrale de Lille, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECLI0012.
Texto completo da fonteAissat, Kamel. "Optimisation et intégration de la mobilité partagée dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0074/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe travelling is a fundamental part of everyday life. The continuous expansion of urban areas combined with the population increasing and the improvement of life standards increases the need of mobility and the use of private cars. Furthermore, the majority of public transportations are subject to rules lacking of flexibility and rarely taking into account the dynamic context. The attractiveness of public transportation is therefore reduced and, as a consequence, its financial support, resulting in a further deterioration of the public services quality and flexibility. Therefore, the majority of users still use their own vehicles. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing on road networks causing important phenomena of congestion, high fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, time loss. This unpleasant situation forces communities to consider alternative solutions for the mobility such as ride-sharing, an interesting alternative to solo car use. The overall objective of this thesis is to propose new travel systems for users through the introduction of optimization models for shared mobility (ride-sharing and taxi-sharing) and the combination of shared mobility and public transportation. The computational experiments are carried out on real road networks and real data. Our numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach, which improves the quality of service compared to the traditional systems in terms of cost and flexibility. The running time remains reasonable to allow using our framework in real-time transportation applications
Aissat, Kamel. "Optimisation et intégration de la mobilité partagée dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0074.
Texto completo da fonteThe travelling is a fundamental part of everyday life. The continuous expansion of urban areas combined with the population increasing and the improvement of life standards increases the need of mobility and the use of private cars. Furthermore, the majority of public transportations are subject to rules lacking of flexibility and rarely taking into account the dynamic context. The attractiveness of public transportation is therefore reduced and, as a consequence, its financial support, resulting in a further deterioration of the public services quality and flexibility. Therefore, the majority of users still use their own vehicles. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing on road networks causing important phenomena of congestion, high fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, time loss. This unpleasant situation forces communities to consider alternative solutions for the mobility such as ride-sharing, an interesting alternative to solo car use. The overall objective of this thesis is to propose new travel systems for users through the introduction of optimization models for shared mobility (ride-sharing and taxi-sharing) and the combination of shared mobility and public transportation. The computational experiments are carried out on real road networks and real data. Our numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach, which improves the quality of service compared to the traditional systems in terms of cost and flexibility. The running time remains reasonable to allow using our framework in real-time transportation applications
Perreau, Chloé. "Les systèmes d'information multimodale : apports et potentialités dans l'optimisation des déplacements urbains". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0033.
Texto completo da fonteMelki, Asma. "SYSTEME D'AIDE A LA REGULATION ET EVALUATION DES TRANSPORTS MULTIMODAUX INTEGRANT LES CYBERCARS". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00384527.
Texto completo da fonteCette thèse a pour cadre le plan plur-formation « cœur de Ville ». Ce PPF a pour objectif de traiter les problématiques relatives à la mise en place des Cybercars dans un contexte urbain.
L'objectif de notre travail de recherche est de fournir un outil d'aide à la décision aux régulateurs de transport multimodal. Il s'agit de les aider dans le choix de la stratégie d'exploitation à adopter, en mode dégradé, en présence de perturbations simultanées dans le réseau. Ce système d'aide à la décision est basé sur une phase de construction des décision qu'il serait possible d'appluiquer, suivie d'une phase d'évaluation multicritère des différentes stratégies candidates au moyen de l'Intégrale de Choquet. Cette phase permet d'affinier le choix proposé au régulateur vu que l'évaluation tient compte des interactions entre les critères et donne au régulateur une image ciblée des repercutions de chaque stratégie sur le réseau de transport .L'originalité de nos travaux réside dans le fait d'intégrer l'utilisation des Cybercars comme stratégie d'exploitation qui s'ajoute à celles des modes de transports multimodaux. L'aspect temps-réel et la complexité du problème de régulation nçous ont guidés dans le choix des algorithmes évolutionnaires à adopter pour la mise en place de cretaines stratégies d'exploitation.Les résultats de simulations ont permis d'appuyer l'idée d'utiliser les Cybercars dans les milieux urbainn, non seulement pour les déplacements planifiés mais également pour résorber les perturbations qui affectent le réseau.
Kamoun, Mohamed. "Conception d’un système d’information pour l’aide au déplacement multimodal : une approche multi-agents pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires en ligne". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/28/46/PDF/these_kamoun.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTo plan his travel, a traveller has to consult several web sites of different public transport operators. To avoid this time consuming task, this work consists in conceiving a Mobility Cooperative information system (SICM) providing a multi-modal and a multi-operators travel information. This integration system automates the itineraries search and the multi-operators routes composition. Its design is based on the multiagent system theory (MAS). The SICM tries, in fact, to make the existing operators’ information systems cooperating efficiently together, so that it can provide users with the optimized route to follow, by compiling the needed information from the different operators information sources. In this approach, the SICM is a middleware which becomes a customer among other users of the existing information systems. It can be considered as a mediator between the various distributed information sources on the one hand and the travellers on the other hand. The system should be able, at the same time, to find the needed information sources which are able to answer an itinerary request, and to gather this information in a coherent way to compose an optimized itinerary. To provide an optimized route, according to the criterion of the user, distributed and time-dependent shortest path algorithms were adopted and adapted to realize an on-line itinerary composition
Ji, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier? : étude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9423.
Texto completo da fonteFayech, Besma. "Régulation des réseaux de transport multimodal : systèmes multi-agents et algorithmes évolutionnistes". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-323.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteJi, Zhi Ping. "Transport combiné ou transport routier ? Etude des facteurs de choix entre deux systèmes de transport intérieur de fret". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529459.
Texto completo da fonteMouloudi, Assia. "Intégration des besoins des utilisateurs pour la conception de systèmes d'information interactifs : application à la conception d'un système d'information voyageurs multimodal (SIVM)". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1689.
Texto completo da fonteThis work concerns the integration of human centred design principles in the design process of an Interactive Information System (IIS). Activity analysis produces knowledge about the use strategies. This knowledge gives the bases of the specification of the system to develop. The hypothesis of this work is that to guarantee the right transfer of this knowledge along the design process, it must be expressed in a language as closed as possible to an implementation language. To realize this transfer, we developed the RAMSES method. RAMSES proposes a user centred IIS design processing method, which is comprised of five steps: data collecting, data analysis, system modeling based on information flow representation, specification and evaluation of specifications. This method has been applied to the design of a multimodal traveller information system. First, we analyzed the context of the application: the information of travellers faced with traffic perturbations. We built and applied an ergonomic methodology to collect and analyze the travellers' needs in different disturbed situations. In order to model data collected, we adopted an object oriented approach. Objects and relations represent the different actors, places, data and tools and their interactions. We built a generic model of the knowledge gathered in the users' needs analysis step. This model has been translated into the UML formalism for the specification step. In the last part of this work, we implemented an application based on the OO model. This application is a tool for aiding in the design of an interactive information system. This tool supports the validation of the functional specifications by helping the dialogue between the activity analyst and the system designer
Boussedjra, Mounir. "Contribution à la résolution du problème du plus court chemin multiobjectif par algorithmes évolutionnistes : application aux systèmes de transport intermodal". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2010.
Texto completo da fonteThe main goal of our work is to estimate the performances of intermodal transportation systems. The latter, are characterized by the possibility of using various transportation means during the same travel. To reach this goal we find the best itinerary that will be used to connect two points, source and destination. This problem is represented by the study of the single source single destination multi-objective intermodal shortest path. The intermodality context and the number of treated objectives make the problem NP-Complete. This is why the polynomial approaches proposed for the bi-objective and multi-objective cases of the problem transform it, by using the lexicographic order and the weighted sum. Besides, these approaches use a bidirectional strategy to progress in the graph and they use the problem constraints to reduce the research space. The disadvantage of this simplification is that it provides a single solution, whereas the solution of a multi-objective problem is the set of the trade-off solutions. To eliminate this disadvantage different evolutionary algorithms (EA) are proposed. These algorithms employ the same genetic operators and they differ only by the evaluation process. Among the used process a particular contribution is brought to the weighted sum by using dynamic weights according to the quality of the solutions. In order to increase the diversity of the solutions provided by these algorithms, a new operator of diversification based on the concept of Taboo list is developed. The impact of this operator is compared with that of a classic operator based on the degree of similarity. The validation of the proposed approaches is performed, according to the cases, on real-life or random networks. The latter are obtained by a graph generator that we have developed
Zidi, Salah. "SARR : système d'aide à la régulation et la reconfiguration des réseaux de transport multimodal". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Zidi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMasri, Ali. "Multi-Network integration for an Intelligent Mobility". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV091/document.
Texto completo da fonteMultimodality requires the integration of heterogeneous transportation data and services to construct a broad view of the transportation network. Many new transportation services (e.g. ridesharing, car-sharing, bike-sharing) are emerging and gaining a lot of popularity since in some cases they provide better trip solutions.However, these services are still isolated from the existing multimodal solutions and are proposed as alternative plans without being really integrated in the suggested plans. The concept of open data is raising and being adopted by many companies where they publish their data sources to the web in order to gain visibility. The goal of this thesis is to use these data to enable multimodality by constructing an extended transportation network that links these new services to existing ones.The challenges we face mainly arise from the integration problem in both transportation services and transportation data
Dridi, Mahjoub. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes de régulation dans les systèmes de transport dans un contexte multicritère par approche évolutionniste". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECLI0001.
Texto completo da fonteZidi, Kamel. "Système interactif d’aide au déplacement multimodal (SIADM)". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Zidi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work is the realization of a system allowing to assist the travellers, and to facilitate their movement in normal and degraded functioning of the transport network. This system aims to minimize the waiting time of the travellers, in degraded mode, at exchanges stations and to assure them, as well as possible, the continuity of their journey in the multimodal transport networks. So it improves the quality of the service returned to the travellers in order to inform them. A first part of the work in this thesis concerns conception, development and validation of our approach which allows giving optimal or almost optimal solutions for a normal and disrupted transport system. This approach uses a multi-objective method of search for optimal route which leans on a hybridization between a modified Dijkstra algorithm and a genetic algorithm. The modified Dijkstra algorithm gives us a set of solutions serving as initial population for the genetic algorithm. The modelling of the transport system is represented by multi-zones architecture. This architecture shows us the distributed aspect of the system, and the interactions and the relations which can take place among various zones. We present in this work a Multi-agent system of Help to the Movement. These agents use the module of optimization developed in the first part. Our work is realized within the framework of the "VIATIC-MOBILITE" project, which is the project 6 of the I-Trans Competitiveness cluster
Kamoun, Mohamed Amine. "Conception d'un système d'information pour l'aide au déplacement multimodal : Une approche multi-agents pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires en ligne". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142340.
Texto completo da fontePour produire l'information multimodale et multi opérateurs nécessaire à l'aide au déplacement, le SICM doit accéder aux différents systèmes d'information des opérateurs de transport et intégrer des résultats de recherche qui sont générés par les différents algorithmes des différents opérateurs. Dans cette approche, le SICM est un intergiciel (middleware) qui devient un client parmi d'autres usagers des systèmes d'information existants. Le SICM devient alors l'intermédiaire entre les différentes sources d'informations hétérogènes et distribuées d'une part et les clients d'autre part. Ce système doit être capable à la fois de trouver la bonne source d'information pour l'interroger selon les différentes requêtes des utilisateurs, et de regrouper les informations de manière cohérente pour répondre aux requêtes. Pour fournir un itinéraire composé mais surtout optimisé selon les critères de l'utilisateur, le recours à des algorithmes de plus courts chemins distribués « en ligne », et adaptés à des graphes dynamiques (dépendant du temps) a été retenu afin de réaliser ce moteur de recherche et de composition d'itinéraires multimodaux en ligne.
Ould, Sidi Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contribution à l'amélioration des systèmes d'aide à la décision pour la régulation du trafic dans les réseaux de transport collectif". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ould_Sidi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis doctoral thesis contributes to the implementation of a decision support system for the traffic control in the disrupted transport networks, aiming to help the developers of these networks to dissipate the disturbances which can appear and degrade the quality of services offered to the travellers. This report is consisted of four chapters. It begins with a bibliographical study on the management of collective transport networks. So, we approach the various problems related to transport systems, to processes planning and regulation. The second chapter presents various models attributed to the multimodal transport systems such as those based on the theory of graphs, on multi-agents systems, and on Petri nets. We also propose a new mathematical formulation of the problem of regulation and a help module to the generation and to the evaluation of the regulation strategies. This module is constituted with four sub-modules; each one realizes a very precise task: the evaluation of impact of disturbances and the actions of regulation on the state of the traffic, the determination of the spatiotemporal horizon of regulation, the generation of practicable decisions and their construction. Four evolutionary-fuzzy approaches proposed for the resolution of this problem are presented in the chapter 3. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results of the implemented of approaches and methods proposed through the tests of simulation, to evaluate their performances on some real scenarios of different natural disturbances and stemming from the transport network of our industrial partner of the SART project : the SEMURVAL
Mejri, Hinda. "Un système d'aide à la régulation d'un réseau de transport multimodal perturbé : réponse au problème de congestion". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803231.
Texto completo da fonteClarhaut, Joffrey. "Prise en compte des séquences de défaillances pour la conception de systèmes d’automatisation : Application au ferroutage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10009.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with a design problem of dependable automated systems using scenarios. In order to determine an optimal system, having fast tools for modelling and evaluating dependability is important. These tools allow the set of possible architectures to be evaluated, and the impact of failures to be studied. The main considered questions include the determination of an equipment architecture, its optimization according to such criteria as the minimal length of scenarios, and its number of combinations. A new graphical model, called improved multi fault tree, which is enough accurate to model component organizations and scenarios, is proposed for this problem. This model uses temporal operators and failure relationships to model system’s behaviour in presence of multiple failures. Application of this method to the railroad piggybacking transportation system is also presented. Results obtained for a fire detection and a stowing protection system are presented. A comparison between the proposed approach and the classical dependability approach shows the benefits of this new methodology. The integration of this research in a software for designing dependable automated systems (ALoCSyS) is described
Mejri, Hinda. "Un système d’aide à la régulation d’un réseau de transport multimodal perturbé : réponse au problème de congestion". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteTransport networks have been amplified by the increasing number of vehicles and stations and the emergence of new concepts essentially multimodal and intermodal. Thus, the task of managing public transport systems has become very complex and difficult for regulators.To cope with these difficulties, there is the development of systems decision support as an effective solution to traffic control. They can transmit real-time traffic information on transport networks. Our work is based on designing a control system of multimodal transport networks. It may be as an essential tool for effective solutions and real-time to the problem of traffic congestion. It can provide the necessary information to the user in making its decision to move with or without his car. The proposed system is a hybrid between a graph modeling the network and a multi-agent system. This will be supported by an evolutionary approach for generating an optimal control solution. This is justified by the open, distributed and complex network of multimodal transport
Clarhaut, Joffrey. "Prise en compte des séquences de défaillances pour la conception de systèmes d'automatisation. Application au ferroutage". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460336.
Texto completo da fonteFeki, Mohamed Firas. "Optimisation distribuée pour la recherche des itinéraires multi-opérateurs dans un réseau de transport co-modal". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604509.
Texto completo da fonteMartinod, Restrepo Ronald Mauricio. "Politiques d’exploitation et de maintenance intégrées pour l’optimisation économique, sociétale et environnementale des systèmes de transports urbains interconnectés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0069.
Texto completo da fonteUrban public transport systems influence the infrastructure of urban areas and the lives of their inhabitants while directly stimulating the economy. Intelligent urban public transport systems help to improve the quality of life and the environment in cities. The rapid development of urban transport solutions has led to a large number of operators entering the market, thus preventing a global optimum. These discrete optimisations, without any articulation between transport operators, avoid the identification of a global optimum. As a result, the inefficient operation of urban public transport systems does not necessarily reduce the environmental cost. To address these challenges, this thesis proposes a methodology associated with mathematical models developing optimisation approaches for multimodal public transport networks, for achieving the best service policy while minimising operation costs in order to satisfy the principle of sustainability, frequently expressed in urban development goals
Clarhaut, Joffrey. "Prise en compte des séquences de défaillances pour la conception de systèmes d’automatisation : Application au ferroutage". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10009/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with a design problem of dependable automated systems using scenarios. In order to determine an optimal system, having fast tools for modelling and evaluating dependability is important. These tools allow the set of possible architectures to be evaluated, and the impact of failures to be studied. The main considered questions include the determination of an equipment architecture, its optimization according to such criteria as the minimal length of scenarios, and its number of combinations. A new graphical model, called improved multi fault tree, which is enough accurate to model component organizations and scenarios, is proposed for this problem. This model uses temporal operators and failure relationships to model system’s behaviour in presence of multiple failures. Application of this method to the railroad piggybacking transportation system is also presented. Results obtained for a fire detection and a stowing protection system are presented. A comparison between the proposed approach and the classical dependability approach shows the benefits of this new methodology. The integration of this research in a software for designing dependable automated systems (ALoCSyS) is described
Petit-Rozé, Christelle. "Organisation multi-agents au service de la personnalisation de l'information : application à un système d'information multimodale pour le transport terrestre de personnes". Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fd8aa24-d29d-4540-8699-6415834f15b3.
Texto completo da fonteThese works, based on a multiagent organization, are related to the personalization in the information systems. The personalization consists in adapting information and their presentation according to the needs, the capacities, the preferences of the users and the context of the requests. Our contribution consists in proposing a flexible and co-operating multiagent organization (MAPIS) able to connect the heterogeneous and distributed data retrieved by exploiting the agents mobility with the profiles of the users. The profiles are updated thanks to the agents capacities of learning. We have applied this work to a multimodal information system (AgenPerso) for the surface transport. The aim of the system is to propose personalized routes. This work will have several future works: theoretical (by the MAPIS formalization and its evolution towards a tool for the design of personalized information systems) and applicative (by the enrichment of the new services in AgenPerso)
Drosouli, Ifigeneia. "Multimodal machine learning methods for pattern analysis in smart cities and transportation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0028.
Texto completo da fonteIn the context of modern, densely populated urban environments, the effective management of transportation and the structure of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are paramount. The public transportation sector is currently undergoing a significant expansion and transformation with the objective of enhancing accessibility, accommodating larger passenger volumes without compromising travel quality, and embracing environmentally conscious and sustainable practices. Technological advancements, particularly in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), and Advanced Sensors (AS), have played a pivotal role in achieving these goals and contributing to the development, enhancement, and expansion of Intelligent Transportation Systems. This thesis addresses two critical challenges within the realm of smart cities, specifically focusing on the identification of transportation modes utilized by citizens at any given moment and the estimation and prediction of transportation flow within diverse transportation systems. In the context of the first challenge, two distinct approaches have been developed for Transportation Mode Detection. Firstly, a deep learning approach for the identification of eight transportation media is proposed, utilizing multimodal sensor data collected from user smartphones. This approach is based on a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and Bayesian optimization of model’s parameters. Through extensive experimental evaluation, the proposed approach demonstrates remarkably high recognition rates compared to a variety of machine learning approaches, including state-of-the-art methods. The thesis also delves into issues related to feature correlation and the impact of dimensionality reduction. The second approach involves a transformer-based model for transportation mode detection named TMD-BERT. This model processes the entire sequence of data, comprehends the importance of each part of the input sequence, and assigns weights accordingly using attention mechanisms to grasp global dependencies in the sequence. Experimental evaluations showcase the model's exceptional performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, highlighting its high prediction accuracy. In addressing the challenge of transportation flow estimation, a Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network is proposed. This network learns from both the spatial stations network data and time-series of historical mobility changes to predict urban metro and bike sharing flow at a future time. The model combines Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks to enhance estimation accuracy. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world datasets from the Hangzhou metro system and the NY City bike sharing system validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, showcasing its ability to identify dynamic spatial correlations between stations and make accurate long-term forecasts
Bendriss, Sabri. "Contribution à l'analyse et la conception d'un système d'information pour la gestion de la traçabilité des marchandises dans un contexte de transport multimodal". Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0024.
Texto completo da fonteOne of solutions to regulate and rationalize the physical displacement of goods is to succeed to synchronize the physical flow with its informational counterpart throughout the various links constituting the transport chain. In this context, a solution of goods tracking and tracing can contribute to a better mastery of flows. In this memory, we propose a data modeling approach for goods traceability based on innovative research approaches (PLM, Intelligent product, Product centered systems) and taking into account the possibilities offered by the use of NICT in terms of data sharing, auto-identification and geolocation. Then, in order to integrate our traceability data with the other transport chain data, but also in order to facilitate the sharing and the exchange of our data, we propose a modeling and the development of an intermediation platform based on the web services logic. Meeting criteria of interoperability and integrability, the result allows through mechanisms for exchange and saving data to follow and to restore goods lifecycle in its entirety
Galdi, Chiara. "Conception et développement de systèmes biométriques multimodaux". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0015/document.
Texto completo da fonteBiometric recognition for a long time has been used in confined spaces, usually indoor, where security-critical operations required high accuracy recognition systems, e.g. in police stations, banks, companies, airports. Field activities, on the contrary, required more portability and flexibility leading to the development of devices for less constrained biometric traits acquisition and consequently of robust algorithms for biometric recognition in less constrained conditions. However, the application of "portable" biometric recognition, was still limited in specific fields e.g. for immigration control, and still required dedicated devices. A further step would be to spread the use of biometric recognition on personal devices, as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. Some attempts in this direction were made embedding fingerprint scanners in laptops or smartphones. So far biometric recognition on personal devices has been employed just for a limited set of tasks, as to unlock the screen using fingerprints instead of passwords. The research activities described in this thesis were focused on studying and developing solutions for iris recognition on mobile devices. This topic has been analyzed in all its main phases: - Acquisition: collection of the MICHE database, containing pictures of irises acquired by mobile devices; - Segmentation: development of an innovative iris segmentation algorithm; - Feature extraction and matching: iris recognition has been combined with the face and with sensor (smartphone) recognition. Finally, the use of gaze analysis for human recognition has been investigated in order to verify its possible fusion with iris
Galdi, Chiara. "Conception et développement de systèmes biométriques multimodaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0015.
Texto completo da fonteBiometric recognition for a long time has been used in confined spaces, usually indoor, where security-critical operations required high accuracy recognition systems, e.g. in police stations, banks, companies, airports. Field activities, on the contrary, required more portability and flexibility leading to the development of devices for less constrained biometric traits acquisition and consequently of robust algorithms for biometric recognition in less constrained conditions. However, the application of "portable" biometric recognition, was still limited in specific fields e.g. for immigration control, and still required dedicated devices. A further step would be to spread the use of biometric recognition on personal devices, as personal computers, tablets and smartphones. Some attempts in this direction were made embedding fingerprint scanners in laptops or smartphones. So far biometric recognition on personal devices has been employed just for a limited set of tasks, as to unlock the screen using fingerprints instead of passwords. The research activities described in this thesis were focused on studying and developing solutions for iris recognition on mobile devices. This topic has been analyzed in all its main phases: - Acquisition: collection of the MICHE database, containing pictures of irises acquired by mobile devices; - Segmentation: development of an innovative iris segmentation algorithm; - Feature extraction and matching: iris recognition has been combined with the face and with sensor (smartphone) recognition. Finally, the use of gaze analysis for human recognition has been investigated in order to verify its possible fusion with iris
Kirchler, Dominik. "Routage efficace sur réseaux de transport multimodaux". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00877450.
Texto completo da fonteCabana, Antoine. "Contribution à l'évaluation opérationnelle des systèmes biométriques multimodaux". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC249/document.
Texto completo da fonteDevelopment and spread of connected devices, in particular smartphones, requires the implementation of authentication methods. In an ergonomic concern, manufacturers integrates biometric systems in order to deal with logical control access issues. These biometric systems grant access to critical data and application (payment, e-banking, privcy concerns : emails...). Thus, evaluation processes allows to estimate the systems' suitabilty with these uses. In order to improve recognition performances, manufacturer are susceptible to perform multimodal fusion.In this thesis, the evaluation of operationnal biometric systems has been studied, and an implementation is presented. A second contribution studies the quality estimation of speech samples, in order to predict recognition performances
Zgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Texto completo da fonteCes travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Mialaret, Benoît. "Pôles d'échanges multimodaux et interfaçage des échelles de transport". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30086/document.
Texto completo da fonteConfront the challenges posed by air pollution and congestion on urban and suburban roads and urban sprawl, the multimodal hubs are designed and implemented as a sustainable mobility development tools, which may promote the use of complementary modes of transport (walking, cycling, transit buses, trams, subways ...).Their presence increasingly assertive along public transport axes own site demonstrates their adaptability to different institutional contexts, territorial and reticular. Their goal is to limit car traffic entering the cities, and generate sufficient modal shift towards public transport. This gives rise to very extensive studies in estimating flow and urban integration. Indeed, multimodal hubs have relations with the neighborhoods where they are located.But this profusion of multimodal hubs, which is observed over the past thirty years - with an acceleration in the early 2000’s - actually hides realities very different, as are the names that give them local transport authorities. Despite standardization attempts made by the government, we find that the operation of multimodal hubs and their physical configuration leads to meet local needs and compromise between the different actors involved in the construction and operation of this type of equipment.Our thesis therefore proposes to draw up an inventory of research for multimodal hubs and intermodality, by using many tools and methods (surveys and field surveys, interviews with professionals involved in public transport sector, model-process and inventory of available services) to determine whether the multimodal hub is a major element of public transport policies and if it contributes, within it, interfacing complementary scales transport
Sabbani, Imad. "Optimisation du trafic routier par des modèles distribués à base d'agents embarqués utilisant les technologies des objets connectés". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD023.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we present some models of optimization problems in transportation field; The fundamental problem is to define the shortest path bewteen two points through one or many modes of transport. Over the past two decades, logistics chains have raised a large number of combinatorial problems with important economic and environmental issues to be solved: scheduling problems, rooting vehicles, monitoring trafic ... Two original methods are presented in this thesis. First, we propose a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, to guide the vehicles to make the right decision to choose the optimal route and to promote traffic fluidity. The modeling of our system is based on a new distributed architecture of multi-agent systems and a new communication protocol. Our system is based on a multi-objective function with several parameters (i.e. density, speed, number of cars, ...). The collection of this data plays an important role in ensuring the applicability and effectiveness of our solution.We propose a deep convolutional neural network algorithm to obtain real-time traffic status. The second part of our thesis focuses on a new policy of mobility required by the growth of network size and new high technological developments in transport : the planning of daily activity chains in a multimodal context. The modal choice of transport consists in successively using one or more modes of transport. We propose the ant colony algorithm with time windows involving a new concept of flexibility. The introduction of this aspect introduces new challenges and new constraints that must be resolved.For each problem, experiments are carried out in order to evaluate the performance of our approaches on literature instances. In particular, our algorithms have improved the results obtained by the best existing approaches
Saad, Sawsan. "Conception et Optimisation Distribuée d’un Système d’Information des Services d’Aide à la Mobilité Urbaine Basé sur une Ontologie Flexible dans le Domaine de Transport". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0017/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, information related on displacement and mobility in a transport network represents certainly a significant potential. So, this work aims to modeling, to optimize and to implement an Information System of Services to Aid the Urban Mobility (ISSAUM).The ISSAUM has firstly to decompose each set of simultaneous requests into a set of sub-requests called tasks. Each task corresponds to a service which can be proposed different by several information providers with different. An information provider which aims to propose some services through our ISSAUM has to register its ontology. Indeed, ISSAUM is related to an Extended and distributed Transport Multimodal Network (ETMN) which contains several heterogeneous data sources. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem incite us to adopt a multi-agent approach to ensure a continual evolution and a pragmatic flexibility of the system. So, we proposed to automate the modeling of services by using ontology idea. Our ISSAUM takes into account possible disturbance through the ETMN. In order to satisfy user requests, we developed a negotiation protocol between our system agents. The proposed ontology mapping negotiation model based on the knowledge management system for supporting the semantic heterogeneity and it organized as follow: Negotiation Layer (NL), the Semantic Layer (SEL), and the Knowledge Management Systems Layer(KMSL).We detailed also the reassignment process by using Dynamic Reassigned Tasks (DRT) algorithm supporting by ontology mapping approach. Finally, the experimental results presented in this thesis, justify the using of the ontology solution in our system and its role in the negotiation process
Wang, Zhanjun. "Optimisation avancée pour la recherche et la composition des itinéraires comodaux au profit des clients de transport". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0029/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, the environment impact of transport is significant. In an attempt to address these problems, in this work, we are interested in the implementation of a transport information system, which integrates the existing means of transport to respond users' requests, including public transport and the shared transport like carpooling and car-sharing. In this context of application, we elaborate algorithms to provide attractive paths with respect to the imposed constraints, even for simultaneous requests. Different acceleration techniques for path planning are used to reduce the search space for a better performance. The attractive paths are divided into route sections on which the available offers are allocated to different requests, which is treated as one resource allocation problem using metaheuristics algorithms. With consideration of the distributed and dynamic aspects of the problem, the solving strategy makes use of several concepts like multi-agents system and different optimization methods. The proposed methods are tested with realistic scenarios with instances extracted from real world transport networks. The obtained results indicate that our proposed approaches can efficiently solve the itinerary planning problems by providing good and complete solutions
Buisine, Stéphanie. "Conception et évaluation d'agents conversationnels multimodaux bidirectionnels". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H008.
Texto completo da fonteThe goal of this PhD work is to investigate multimodal communication between conversational agents (virtual characters) and human users, with a focus on two modalities : speech and hand gesture. We examine the spontaneous multimodal behaviour that users display with agents in conversational and entertaining situations. We analyze the use of each modality, cooperation between them and the inter-individual differences related to users's age. Symmetrically, we evaluate several multimodal strategies of agents in pedagogical context : we show that these strategies are likely to influence users' memorization as well as their subjective impressions. We finally hypothesize that users's multimodal behaviour can be used to evaluate agents' behaviour. We thus draw some perspectives of new evaluation methods
Le, Bodic Laurent. "Approche de l'évaluation des systèmes interactifs multimodaux par simulation comportementale située". Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2006.
Texto completo da fonteThe Phd thesis is a contribution to evaluation of multimodal interactive systems. More particularly, we propose an approach of the evaluation of theses systems by a behavorial and located simulation. Such a study requires the use of a virtual actor, registered in a virtual environment. Its interaction with a virtual interactive system is used as a representation of a possible man-machine communication. The people in charge of the development use then the usability problems, detected in the virtual world, as a source of investigations to increase the efficiency of their prototypes. Modeling that we propose lies on the interaction of three functional bricks, which are : Models of environment, which influence user in his decision-making and which interacts with him (avoidance, displacement, etc. ). Model describing interactive systems which, by their characteristics, allows and guides the dialogue. Model of users, reproducing human decision with mixing of cognitive and perceptive aspects. This virtual user, by his characteristics, his history, interacts with environment and interactive system through the realization, in a virtual world, of a scenario of evaluation. This study is concluded by the introduction of the software demonstrator SIHMM and the study from its operational validity. This one is examined through the correlation of reals and virtuals experiments. From this one, we determine the potential use of the simulation in the phases of development, of interactive systems and open prospects on the future use of the simulation which we wish to develop
Carlier, Aurélien. "Optimisation d'un éco-système de transport multimodal pour les grandes agglomérations urbaines". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066134/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the optimal design of one-way station-based carsharing systems. We consider the system design through two structural aspects: the optimal system dimensioning (number of parking places, vehicles, battery capacities, etc.) and the identification of appropriate stations’ locations. Although the addressed problems do not directly concern the system management, some relevant aspects (like vehicle relocation operations) are nonetheless part of the models. The modelling approach uses graph theory to represent the system dynamics over time and various optimization models (ILPs and MILPs) are proposed. The objective is to deduce an optimal shape of the whole system (number of vehicles, parking places, jockeys, stations’ locations, etc.) allowing to capture the maximum number of estimated time-dependent requests. Electric vehicles and power supply are also included in an enhanced model version and context related constraints ensure the integrity of the whole model. The optimization allows to study the impact of different power supply technologies and settle the minimal autonomy a shared vehicle necessitate in this environment. Models are applied to realistic case studies, using both random generated data and real estimated outputs of simulation tools. Strategies including vehicle relocation operations managed by jockeys (employees of the carsharing operator) are considered. We propose some graph simplifications reducing the problem size and leading to greatly improve solver capabilities as well as computation times. A greedy heuristic helping to quickly find feasible solutions and initialize the solver is also proposed and illustrated
Glaus, Mathias. "Approche multimodale de la mobilité urbaine : développement d'un outil d'aide à la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777775.
Texto completo da fonteZidi, Kamel. "Système Interactif d'Aide au Déplacement Multimodal (SIADM)". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142159.
Texto completo da fonteLa modélisation du réseau de transport est représentée par une architecture multi-zones . Cette architecture nous montre l'aspect distribué du système, les interactions et les relations qui peuvent avoir lieu entre les différenttes zones. Nous présentons dans ce travail un Système Multi-Agent d'Aide au Déplacement, SMAAD. Les agents de ce système utilisent le module d'optimisation développé dans la première partie. Notre travail est réalisé dans le cadre du projet « VIATIC-MOBILITE », qui est le projet 6 du pôle de compétitivité I-Trans.
Ayed, Hedi. "Approches de résolution multiobjective séquentielle et parallèle pour les réseaux de transports multimodaux". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ029S/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe focus of this thesis is about multi-modal, multi-objective and time-dependent in passengers transport networks. We propose itineraries processing solutions that satisfy the user needs, as much as possible. The first part of our contributions begins with the definition of the transfer-graph model that is consistent with the distributed nature of multi-modal transport networks. Based on this model, we propose several itineraries processing algorithms. We have been interested, in a second part of this thesis, in developing multi-objective solutions to satisfy more constraints at the same time. We first experimented the time-dependent version of an exact algorithm based on Martins. We then proposed a solution based on a genetic algorithm. Both of these approaches are limited because of either excessive time response or memory space limit. The hybrid algorithm which combines the speed of meta-heuristics and completeness of exact methods, provide better results
Carlier, Aurélien. "Optimisation d'un éco-système de transport multimodal pour les grandes agglomérations urbaines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066134.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the optimal design of one-way station-based carsharing systems. We consider the system design through two structural aspects: the optimal system dimensioning (number of parking places, vehicles, battery capacities, etc.) and the identification of appropriate stations’ locations. Although the addressed problems do not directly concern the system management, some relevant aspects (like vehicle relocation operations) are nonetheless part of the models. The modelling approach uses graph theory to represent the system dynamics over time and various optimization models (ILPs and MILPs) are proposed. The objective is to deduce an optimal shape of the whole system (number of vehicles, parking places, jockeys, stations’ locations, etc.) allowing to capture the maximum number of estimated time-dependent requests. Electric vehicles and power supply are also included in an enhanced model version and context related constraints ensure the integrity of the whole model. The optimization allows to study the impact of different power supply technologies and settle the minimal autonomy a shared vehicle necessitate in this environment. Models are applied to realistic case studies, using both random generated data and real estimated outputs of simulation tools. Strategies including vehicle relocation operations managed by jockeys (employees of the carsharing operator) are considered. We propose some graph simplifications reducing the problem size and leading to greatly improve solver capabilities as well as computation times. A greedy heuristic helping to quickly find feasible solutions and initialize the solver is also proposed and illustrated
Ladry, Jean-François. "Une notation et un processus outillé pour le développement de systèmes interactifs multimodaux critiques". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/960/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on critical interactive systems and presents an approch to take into account synergistically reliability and usability. Indeed, in critical interactive systems, usability problems can reduce the performence of the operator, be a source of confusion and frustration and lead to errors. Similarly, reliability problems can cause failures in system operation. As shiwn by studies in the field, thesefailures and the causes of incidents or accidents. To increase the bandwidth between the user and the system, the innovation activities in the field of HCI provide new input-output systems and more sophisticated interaction techniques sush as multimodal interaction. Although a significant effort is being undertaken by the field of HCI to implement and extend current technique of usability evaluation for these new interaction technique, few research has been conducted to ensure the reliability of applications offering such interaction techniques. TThe iterative design process contributes to the usability of the system by successive validation of the prototypes with the operators but to the detriment of the reliability of the final system by the absence of comprehensive and structured design. Our approach is based on a formal notation and a development, process implementing this notation. Using a formal notation provides to the different actors in the design and development, a precise and unambiguous communication language, on which it is possible to apply methods and techniques for property verification. For the notation part, the work presented here is based on the ICO formalism that was existing before this thesis. The contribution of this work is a systematic approach to not only describe the advanced interaction techniques but also to respond to both problems of reliability and usability. .
Ma, Ta-Yu. "Modèle dynamique de transport basé sur les activités". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003309.
Texto completo da fonteScano, Gregoire. "Calcul d'itinéraires multiples et de trajets synchronisés dans des réseaux de transport multimodaux". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0006.
Texto completo da fonteEfficiency and simplicity are two conditions upon which the use of a transportation system is relevant. May it be intentional or imposed, an increasing mobility triggers the need to enhance the transportation offer. In turn, such a response encourages an even more demanding mobility in a constantly adapting cycle. In parallel, new and forthcoming means of transportation emerge from time to time with unknown practices and renewed actors : exactly like what carpooling is stirring at the moment. Passenger information systems can technically deal with such evolutions thanks to improved technologies but they still struggle to keep up with constantly changing usage expectations.From this perspective the computation of several paths from an origin to a destination becomes increasingly relevant. This issue is even more crucial in dense transportation networks in which many modes and lines of transportation are combined. Indeed, giving some traveling choices to the end user reduces the feeling of exclusion, anxiety and the lack of understanding which may arise when facing arbitrary decisions dictated by a software or an Internet application. It is also helpful to estimate the quality of the transportation offer since the more paths exist to go from point A to point B within a fixed time window, the better the service is. This thesis focuses on the computation of such alternatives by the gradually increasing enumeration of paths between two points. Given this input, the pruning necessary to obtain such a diverse selection is assumed not to be known in advance. It is left up to transportation professionals who may choose a fitted solution based on their specific knowledge and objectives.Another subject studied in this thesis concerns the itinerary synchronization of several users for various social uses such as shared travels. It is here seen from the perspective of carpooling. Considering only two users, the problem is to minimize the traveling cost of the users under the constraint that they must share some part of their respective trips with one another. Solving this problem is equivalent to finding a pick up point and a drop off location between which both paths overlap. Multiple corner cases concerning the transportation conditions of each user as well as the special cases of shared origins or destinations are studied. The constraints on the arrival and/or departure times may also vary. Last but not least and since the driver is often penalized when giving up a lift, the restriction to a maximal detour the driver accepts, compared to his shortest path, is analyzed with respect to the benefits such a limitation generates.This thesis was funded by the MobiGIS company under the CIFRE (Industrial Agreement of Training through Research) researching context. The related work consisted in the practical implementation of mobility solutions within the framework of the company as well as the experimental performances evaluation of the algorithms proposed to solve them
Bouyer, Antoine. "Plateformes et services multimodaux basés sur des interfaces plastiques". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2048.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis brings together two research domains, namely multimodality and plasticity of interfaces. Multimodality allows for the accessing of a system simultaneously through different modes of communication. The realization of such infrastructure is difficult because of the technical and functional diversity of the devices that may be connected. Plasticity defines abstract interfaces that are then converted to different formats. Although these two domains have been studied extensively in the past, no one has, to date, used plasticity to facilitate the design and the development of multimodal services. The work carried out during this thesis was to think through, design, and implement such a platform. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part describes the existing technology at the beginning of the thesis period. More precisely, we present the state of the art of the two domains. We also discuss the architecture of the PMX platform previously developed and from which we reuse some concepts. The second part deals with our reasoning throughout this study. We have developed two successive multimodal platforms, and we explain in detail the reasons and the issues that have pushed us to improve upon the existing technology. The final section presents the validation and implementation of our work through the different services we have developed and experimented. The market opportunities currently being transferred are also presented