Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Système d’aide à la décision clinique"
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Niès, Julie. "Aides à la décision clinique intégrées au système d'information de l'hôpital européen Georges Pompidou : élaborations, mises en œuvre et évaluations". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066600.
Texto completo da fonteShen, Ying. "Élaboration d'ontologies médicales pour une approche multi-agents d'aide à la décision clinique". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100040/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe combination of semantic processing of knowledge and modelling steps of reasoning employed in the clinical field offers exciting and necessary opportunities to develop ontologies relevant to the practice of medicine. In this context, multiple medical databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed are valuable tools but not sufficient because they cannot acquire the usable knowledge easily in a clinical approach. Indeed, abundance of inappropriate quotations constitutes the noise and requires a tedious sort incompatible with the practice of medicine.In an iterative process, the objective is to build an approach as automated as possible, the reusable medical knowledge bases is founded on an ontology of the concerned fields. In this thesis, the author will develop a series of tools for knowledge acquisition combining the linguistic analysis operators and clinical modelling based on the implemented knowledge typology and an implementation of different forms of employed reasoning. Knowledge is not limited to the information from data, but also and especially on the cognitive operators of reasoning for making them operational in the context relevant to the practitioner.A multi-agent system enables the integration and cooperation of the various modules used in the development of a medical ontology.The data sources are from medical databases such as MEDLINE, the citations retrieved by PubMed, and the concepts and vocabulary from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).Regarding the scope of produced knowledge bases, the research concerns the entire clinical process: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and therapeutic monitoring of various diseases in a given medical field.It is essential to identify the different approaches and the works already done.Different paradigms will be explored: 1) Evidence Based Medicine. An index can be defined as a sign related to its mode of implementation; 2) Case-based reasoning, which based on the analogy of clinical situations already encountered; 3) The different semantic approaches which are used to implement ontologies.On the whole, we worked on logical aspects related to cognitive operators of used reasoning, and we organized the cooperation and integration of exploited knowledge during the various stages of the clinical process (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, therapeutic monitoring). This integration is based on a SMAAD: multi-agent system for decision support
Kushlaf, Najah. "Aide à la décision pour l'apprentissage". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0010/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe research realized in this thesis proposes a decision support to improve the quality of learning. The learning includes two dimensions; human dimension and pedagogic one. The human dimension includes the learner and the teacher. The pedagogic dimension represented in curriculum set by the educational establishment; it is the know. The learner is going to transform the know into knowledge. Thus the know and the knowledge are two notions completely different. The distance between both is the distance between what the teacher presents (the know) and what the learner acquires (the knowledge). The quality of the learning concerns the learners who go to the school to acquire the know. In fact, learning consists in interiorizing the know. This internalization requires the efforts for persistent intellectual change and demands continuity based on past experiences. The acquisition of knowledge and its transformation into knowledge by the learner is influenced by several factors that affect positively or negatively on the quantity and quality of this knowledge. The confusion between the know and the knowledge guide the learner to value or to ignore his knowledge. The knowledge construction process by the diffused know requires an constant evaluation process. The process of evaluation then appreciates the structure of knowledge to make decisions intended to make it evolve. However, during an evaluation, the confusion between knowledge and knowledge can bring learner to value the score so neglecting the importance which he must give for the transformation knowledge process in favor of the highest possible fidelity of knowledge. This confusion can be detected provided that the evaluation includes a processual dimension. Therefore, the evaluation may be better associated with improvement actions and transformation of knowledge. Then the evaluation can be addressed in a logical decision support. Therefore In this research we demonstrate that the learning situation is a decision aiding situation
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171.
Texto completo da fonteThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Bouguerra, Afef. "Optimisation et aide à la décision pour la programmation des opérations électives et urgentes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0171/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe operating theater is one of the most critical and expensive hospital resources. Indeed, a high percentage of hospital admissions are due to surgical interventions. Rising expenditures spur health care organizations to organize their processes more efficiently and effectively. This thesis is supported by the urban community of Sarreguemines-France and the region of Lorraine-France, and is carried out in collaboration with the Centre Hospitalier de Sarreguemines - Hôpital Robert Pax. In the first part of this work, we propose two mathematical programming models to help operating theater managers in developing an optimal operating rooms scheduling. We also propose a constructive heuristic to obtain near optimal results for realistic sizes of the problem. In the second part of our work, the whole scheduling process is modeled as a hybrid four-stage flow shop problem with RSb blocking constraint, and is solved by a genetic algorithm. The objective is to synchronize all the needed resources around the optimal daily schedule obtained with the proposed mathematical model. The last part of our work is dedicated to non-elective surgeries. We propose a decision support tool, guiding the operating room manager, to handle this unpredictable flow of patients. Non-elective patients are classified according to their medical priority. The main contribution of the proposed decision support tool is to provide online assignment strategies to treat each non elective patient category. Proposed assignments are riskless on patient’s health. According to non-elective surgery classes, the proposed adjusted schedule minimizes different criteria such as patient’s waiting time, deviation from the firstly scheduled starting time of a surgery and the amount of resulting overtime
Chen, Meng. "Massive data processing and explainable machine learning in neonatal intensive care units". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS063.
Texto completo da fontePreterm infants are highly vulnerable to complications such as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and late-onset sepsis (LOS), which pose significant challenges in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Despite advancements in neonatal care, early detection and effective management of these conditions remain difficult. Based on the CARESS-Premi project (NCT01611740), the dissertation aims to develop advanced data processing techniques and interpretable machine learning (ML) models to enhance NICU decision-making and neonatal outcomes, by leveraging non-invasive, continuous and real-time monitoring systems. The main contributions include: (i) an optimized automatic signal processing pipeline for real-life ECG analysis tailored to NICU; (ii) a patient-specific mathematical model for postnatal bilirubin dynamics characterization in preterm infants, with model parameters serving as potential biomarkers for detecting associated comorbidities; (iii) the knowledge-based non-invasive bilirubin estimation using mixed-effects ML integrating heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and physiological insights; (iv) ML models for LOS early detection using HRV analysis, proving timely alerts before clinical suspicion; (v) the design, deployment and preliminary evaluation of an on-the-edge clinical decision support system (CDSS) integrating quasi-real-time signal processing and ML models in a NICU setting. These results demonstrate the potential of combining advanced physiological signal processing with ML to optimize neonatal care
Zidi, Kamel. "Système interactif d’aide au déplacement multimodal (SIADM)". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Zidi.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this work is the realization of a system allowing to assist the travellers, and to facilitate their movement in normal and degraded functioning of the transport network. This system aims to minimize the waiting time of the travellers, in degraded mode, at exchanges stations and to assure them, as well as possible, the continuity of their journey in the multimodal transport networks. So it improves the quality of the service returned to the travellers in order to inform them. A first part of the work in this thesis concerns conception, development and validation of our approach which allows giving optimal or almost optimal solutions for a normal and disrupted transport system. This approach uses a multi-objective method of search for optimal route which leans on a hybridization between a modified Dijkstra algorithm and a genetic algorithm. The modified Dijkstra algorithm gives us a set of solutions serving as initial population for the genetic algorithm. The modelling of the transport system is represented by multi-zones architecture. This architecture shows us the distributed aspect of the system, and the interactions and the relations which can take place among various zones. We present in this work a Multi-agent system of Help to the Movement. These agents use the module of optimization developed in the first part. Our work is realized within the framework of the "VIATIC-MOBILITE" project, which is the project 6 of the I-Trans Competitiveness cluster
Hebrard, Maxime. "Conception et développement d’un système d’aide au diagnostic clinique et génétique des rétinopathies pigmentaires". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13519/document.
Texto completo da fonteDiagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa could be difficult regarding both to clinics or molecular issues. Firstly, there are rare diseases, so the prevalence of each pathology in the world population is very low. Secondly, the symptoms of diseases are very similar, so their phenotypic characterization is hard. Moreover, the eye and the visual process are complex and numerous genes' products are implicated. Although retinopathies are mainly monogenic and mendelian inherited diseases, the polymorphisms involved in these diseases are very diverse.These both observations lead us to develop two complementary methodological approaches in a view to better understand the retinopathies.The first approach aims to identify all the genes involved in the diseases using genotyping chips. For this purpose, we studied genetic linkage between single nucleotide variations and pathologies. The second approach leads to the representation of clinical knowledge. An ontological compound was built to make explicit the knowledge involved in the process of diagnosis. The data previously collected by experts were labeled by terms that were organized in a specific thesaurus. The clinic profiles of the patients and diseases were handled as features collections and were compared by similarity calculations. The goal of this work is to build a knowledge-based system for diagnosis
Kechaou, Fatma. "Construction d’un système d’aide à la décision statistico-cognitive pour le pilotage des processus d’entreprise". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST055.
Texto completo da fonteTo maintain their competitiveness, companies must be able to produce products that meet customer expectations while controlling their production tools as well as possible. The diagnosis and prognosis of potential failures in the production system in terms of performance are powerful methods for improving industrial performance. Having a model for implementing these methods is a real challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the performance-based control of production systems. The Bayesian network, one of the most robust techniques of the "Probabilistic Graphs" family, combined with the fundamental concept of causality have been used to produce models allowing diagnostic and prognostic studies. A methodology based on the use of human expertise and historical data was defined and applied to the case of a perfume packaging line. Techniques were proposed in order to reduce as much as possible the natural biases resulting from the elicitation of human expertise. This thesis is part of the French project EUGENE, FUI23. The objective of the thesis is to set up a reactive solution for control while ensuring a better compromise between equipment availability, operating costs, quality and competitiveness of the product. We explore human expertise, as well as causality independence reasoning centered on a Bayesian probabilistic formalism in order to develop a methodology to build a model for estimating the state of health of the productive system. The results present a synthetic vision tool for decision support to the industrialist
Koch, Cyril. "Un système d’aide à la décision pour la planification et l’ordonnancement dans l’industrie du pneumatique". Thesis, Troyes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TROY0004.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with a complex problem of production campaigns dimensioning, and their allocation to resources for the production of agricultural tires at the Michelin plant of Troyes. This industrial context made it possible to consider new specific constraints such as: the prioritization of customer needs, the saturation of the resources of an upstream workshop, the number of production campaigns ends, and the continuity of production campaigns. Initially, a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Formulation (MILP) was proposed to model the different constraints of the problem. This formulation makes it possible to calibrate the weightings of the objective function and to carry out sensitivity analyzes on certain constraints. In a second step, and in order to guarantee a resolution of instances of industrial size, a matheuristic method based on a decomposition approach is proposed. First of all, a temporal segmentation of the planning horizon is made, then a sequential approach is considered to successively solve the campaign sizing and allocation problems. Based on this work, a decision-support tool called "Decision-support System for Planning and Scheduling (DSPS)" was developed. This tool allows two uses at the industrial level: at the operational level for the optimization of production plans; and at the tactical level for performance evaluation and management of the production system
Glaa, Besma. "Contribution à la conception et l’optimisation d’un système d’aide à la gestion des urgences". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/96/07/PDF/THESE-GLAA-VFinale.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEmergency management is one of the principal hospital missions. Since the 90s, hospitals have answered, through the emergency structure, an exponential request for not programmed care, which posed the problem of the dimensioning of the structure and its means. This situation provoked enormous organisational problems. In front of this situation, the hospital decision-makers miss tools witch are indispensable to re-size the emergency resources and to choose the new emergency organization. They shall also allow the planning of the emergency management as well as human and material resources allocation. In response to these needs, this thesis proposes an approach of assistance to the management of emergency systems. This approach tackles three principal problems. At first, we focus our attention on the modelling of emergency processes and its main paths. This modelling, coupled with patients flow simulation, will enable us to analyze the functioning of the emergency structure and to determine the parameters which influences the emergency process. We are interested, secondly, in the nursing staff’s allocation by taking into account their profile of competence evolution using the linear programming. In the third time, we shall study the problem of in hospital vital emergencies management. By means of a process modelling combined with a simulation, we proceed to an approach of conception and evaluation of in hospital survival chain. We tackle, in this last stage, the question of appointment of mobile resuscitation emergency team as well as the positioning of semi automatic defibrillator
Mirdamadi, Shirin. "Système d’aide à la décision pour la génération des processus d'inspection par la fédération des expertises métier". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0023/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the current economic and competitive environment, what distinguish the companies is their reactivity to provide increasingly complex products with increasingly diverse needs. To achieve this reactivity despite constraints, integrated engineering approachs have been emerged to better manage and organize the product life cycle. In this context, it is essential to take into account the characteristics' variations and their interdependencies to improve the performance (cost, risk, quality ...). This thesis was devoted to the generation of an optimal inspection plan including process variations monitoring and product variations control. A methodological framework for the co-conception of product control and process monitoring activities has been formalized and validated. This framework allows operational decision-making by the intervention of operational tools and ensures the satisfaction of strategic objectives (cost reduction, improved quality, increased productivity ...). FMEA, KC flowdown, and Activity Based Costing (ABC) were selected following a comprehensive literature review on quality planning and performance improvement. However, these tools present some lack to fill up and therefore are subjected to certain adaptations in order to best fit the needs of the proposed methodological framework. Integration of FMEA and KC flowdown resulted in a new tool called ACDE. As well the adaptation of ABC to estimate the cost of quality by "Quality-Driven ABC" was proposed. The application of these latter has been proposed to limit the inspection planning to “bare essentials activities
Weber, Alexandre. "Modélisation et gestion de flux par systèmes multiagents : application à un système d’aide à la décision en épidémiologie". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/25/99/41/PDF/These_A-WEBER.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteA complex system is characterized by the important number of entities in interaction which it gathers. Each exchange in the system can be interpreted as a flow. The stochastic evolution of such systems does not allow them to be characterized completely. Consequently, to model and understand the circulation of flow in this type of systems, we need to make use of simulation. Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) represent a particularly suitable method for this type of modeling. A particular application of this flow management method is to simulate the circulation of a parasite (Cryptosporidium) in an ecosystem. Because of the fact that this parasite is particularly resistant to the traditional disinfection methods, it is necessary to enhance the prevalent factors acting in its propagation. To this end, the data, received from biologists, enabled us to design an Agent-Oriented Simulation (AOS). This AOS allows the exploration of the system behaviour. The results make it possible to evaluate the reliability of modeling and to better understand the parasite dissemination. With an aim of bringing an autonomous decision support system to the biologists, we developed a system of higher level (meta-system) able to carry out the monitoring of an AOS. This meta-system, based on the concept of metaheuristic, tries to optimize the behavior of the system, according to precise problems, by evaluating the impact of preset factors on the evolution of the AOS. Thus, it is capable to interpret the simulation’s results in order to allow causes to emerge which influence the parasite propagation by self-generation of scenarios
Basileu, Cynthia. "Modélisation structurelle des réseaux sociaux : application à un système d’aide à la décision en cas de crise sanitaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10240/document.
Texto completo da fonteTo manage a public health crisis resulting from an outbreak of a large-scale pandemic, it is necessary to be capable of taking adequate measures very quickly. These measures must be taken to protect the productive capacity of the economy. Consequently, I have focused on the development of a « decision-making support » model with hybrid agents simulating the spreading of a pandemic, which is established on the medical characteristics of the virus as well as the socioeconomic structure of the concerned geographical zone. This socioeconomic structure being at the centre of the model, a pretopological modelling of the concept of social network is therefore proposed and integrated into the approach agent
Zoubeir, Zeinebou. "Vers un système d’aide à la décision pour l’allocation des postes à quai dans un terminal à conteneurs". Thesis, Le Havre, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEHA0014/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe fierce competition between container terminals and the need to optimize their use led marine terminal operators in the development and applying a rich variety of scheduling policies stations dockside. The operators of container terminals seeking a scheduling policy berths which reduces the ship free time to port, increase traffic and port competitiveness and led to a rise income while maintaining customer satisfaction at optimal levels. Several questions arise when defining the best scheduling policies for each port operator and the final decision depends on several factors: the type of the port function (of a dedicated multi-user terminal, transhipment hub, etc ...), the size and location of the port, the competition nearby, the type of contractual arrangements with shippers, etc... Some of these issues were the subject of academic research, but they still more attributes that deserve to be better studied and understood more for these models reflect the real state of the practice of exploitation container terminals. In this thesis, we propose two models to assist the decision for the problem allocation of berths at a container terminal in both cases: static and dynamic. These systems were modeled taking into account real constraints that arise for the operational environment a container terminal. The formulations and solutions of mathematical models, presented here, looking to plan optimally, berthing incoming ships in a container terminal
Beaudoin, Mathieu. "Découverte de règles de classification pour un système d’aide à la décision pour la surveillance de l'usage des antimicrobiens". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7591.
Texto completo da fonteNdjock, Fleur Nadine. "Observatoire dynamique comme outil d’aide à la décision appliqué au système éducatif : cas du Cameroun : approche de l’intelligence économique". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1088/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to apply the concept of observatory in educational system as a tool for decision support based on the visualization of information. For this, we have developed the Dynamic Observatory applied to the Education System (ODSE) that we have applied to the Cameroonian educational system. Our descriptive approach is based on fact that to decide, one must understand, and to understand, we must observe and analyze. In one way or another, intelligence is based on the observation process. The decision comes after understanding its environment. Also, the observation is turned into knowledge with the given meaning to things and determining what to do. But the analysis and understanding of the environment differ from one individual to another; the decision is then influenced by external factors such as political pressures, cultural and / or social. This being the information we have for steering the process and the choice of solving a decision problem, we thought it important to have a tool that assists the decision maker in the decision process for making quick and safe decisions or at least minimizing the degree of uncertainty in decision chosen. This tool provides transparency in processing and clarity in the process of information collection. Such an observatory, it serves as an instrument for monitoring and control through which the decision-maker observes, analyzes and orients its decision based on the behavior of one or more indicators. The result returned is in a visual form to generate indicators from the mass of data available to the decision maker. Our work has been guided by the concept of competitive intelligence that provides a methodology for implementing a rational process through the use of information and it is based on the approaches of “satisfactory” choice and rational decision process from the work of Falque and Bougon
Bois, Jérémy. "Outil d’aide à la décision pour la conception de maisons solaires à énergie positive". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0679/document.
Texto completo da fonteWith energy-related and environmental climate change challenges, energy sobriety and local energy production are yet to become a mainstream practice for new buildings construction by 2020. This works focuses on single-family houses which in France represent half of new buildings constructions with 200000 new units new units each year. Near zero energy single-family houses with 100 % solar energy consists on compromising between performance of building envelope which defines energy needs and the ability for equipments to value free solar energy. Hence solar energy must be able to cover space heating and domestic hot waterdemands but also provide enough energy for lightning and other specific uses such as domestic appliances.After a literature review of near zero energy house concepts, an analysis was undertaken to providea clear view of solar combi-systems technical solutions with the ability to provide enough energyfor both needs : space heating and domestic hot water. Using Dymola environment a detailed modelwas developed and its consistency was checked by inter-comparison at component scale. An innovative control algorithm has been worked out to maximize the solar system’s global performance. Afirst parametric study has shown that the system was able to cover close to 80 % of house heat requirement. However sizing of a solar combi-system is a complex task and requires to find compromises between building sobriety, solar thermal energy efficiency, and photovoltaics solar energy sizing. Because of the problem’s complexity, a decision aid tool with an appropriate multi-criteria optimizationalgorithm is required.To that end a chapter is dedicated to the development of a multi-criteria optimization algorithm based on artificial bee colony behavior. This approach has proved to be quite effective to solve the problem and to handle continuous, discrete and qualitative decision variables. Chosen solution was constrained to have a positive energy balance and must maximize solar space heating and domestic fraction in a view to reduce total energy consumption. A validation process has also been set up and the developed optimization algorithm has proved its ability to solve standard problems with a fairlyshort number of evaluations. Adopted methodology was illustrated by two applications of the design phase of a near zero energydetached house. First one is located at Bordeaux an second one in Strasbourg. Selected climate conditions emphasize the ability of the proposed approach to identify a wide range of optimal solutions showing differences within the building’s performance as well as the solar system sizing. Lastly a decision aid tool allows to explore optimal front in a convenient way to shape adapted solutions
Gaudron, Arthur. "Méthodologie du modèle ouvert pour la conception d’un système d’aide à la décision stratégique : le cas de la logistique urbaine". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM025.
Texto completo da fonteThe transportation of goods, or city logistics, is a complex system as much by the diversity of its stakeholders (city, transporters, traders, etc.) as by the entanglement of their interactions. Each of these actors has its own objectives, but the effects of decisions to achieve them have repercussions on a global level. Piloting this activity therefore represents a real challenge: not only precisely modeling the system - past or present - poses real difficulties (in terms of complexity and of the data required), but this modeling makes it difficult to predict the effects of the decisions taken on this one. Its management requires the ability to project and represent the effects of decisions, not yet observed, on it. Relevant city logistics decisions must be based on models which must integrate a more detailed vision of activity, at the microscopic level, that is to say operations, towards a macroscopic level which prevailed until then. To do this, we therefore propose to rely on mathematical simulation tools which aim to simulate the macroscopic effects of different decisions (e.g. prohibition of certain engines) by considering microscopic interactions of logistics such as foreseeable change in a logistics organization and the impact on associated indicators (e.g., the level of pollution on a street or the cost of delivery). This is why we are proposing the "open model methodology", the objective is to design and validate a model that can be used by actors in city logistics when making strategic decisions. At the heart of this methodology is the question of integrating expert knowledge into a simulation model. Such a question has agitated the scientific community at least since the creation of AI as a discipline: first with expert systems, whose failure is linked to the impossibility of mechanizing expert knowledge; now with the extremely promising advances in machine learning, which among other things attempt to learn from experts reasoning, but whose models face problems of data availability, validation and explainability. We believe that this methodology makes it possible to reconcile data science and management science so that in complex environments, the decision can be assisted by simulations which allow to master more precisely this complexity. In addition, assuming a certain availability of data, and the desire to set up a data-driven piloting (therefore more automated), this model could serve as a first basis for validating more complex machine learning models
Reeveerakul, Napaporn. "Un système d’aide à la décision pour la réorganisation des chaînes logistiques : une approche basée sur une analyse multicritère et un système de gestion des connaissances". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20007/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince The investment of foreign manufacturing in developing countries result rapidly increasingly on economic growth to the host countries. Such contributions are creating new jobs by foreign companies, increasing the use of multinational distribution networks, or even spending on research and development to support many national projects. These have led to higher productivity through increased capital, which in turn has led to high living standards. Consequently, several developing countries are recognized to attracting foreign investors to invest their manufacturing business that they can gain benefits from them. However, they face many critical challenges linked to the economic turbulence, from the increasing of labor cost, ineffective supply chain and infrastructure. The crisis was raised many problems that give Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) loss profits and increase operational costs. Then new and existing foreign investors are reluctant to invest or expand the businesses. While several approaches to be considered on making a decision are noticed for foreign investors. The relocation to cheaper laboring countries or shutting down operation is the possible strategy to be considered for them. However, these situations will not only impact internal organization but also the local and global economic situation. Since the crises can affect people’s income, as well raise economic problems, they finally lead to social problems in the area.Thus, to sustain the business operation and attract the new comers of FDIs, this research aims to help manufacturers understand the existing crises in their business situation, and then make the right decision by providing them with a tool to validate their future investment decision. Furthermore, providing useful information on FDIs’ investment also contributes to attracting new investors. Thus we will focus on the problematic as follows. 1 What are the potential factors used for a decision making while the FDIs is faced up with crises? 2 How can the study help manufacturers make the right decision in their manufacturing crises?3 In order to make a decision on relocating, transferring or divesting plants, are the specific factors that should be considered?4 How can the relevant organizations and the government help to prevent the crises generated by offshore or plant divestment?To answer on the problematic, our research proposes an integrated framework which is based on three main requirements: The supply chain and infrastructure, workers skills and performance, as well as the financial situation associated with the relevant stakeholders. Those three stakeholders are foreign investor, local industrial estate stakeholders, and manufacturers. However, the strategies to be analyzed in our research framework can be categorized into static and dynamic analysis. In terms of static analysis, the risk matrix decision represented as the knowledge base system used to evaluate the occurrence of existing risks in businesses. This analysis also helps investors or manufacturers evaluate their related risks on existing businesses. Regarding dynamic analysis, the modeling of the supply chain simulation is constructed according to the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model. Supply chain modeling and analysis on future cost of investment are represented in this context. Besides, our research also applies the metrics and attributes based on Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) to measure the supply chain performance
Amoussou, Nellya. "Développement d’un outil d’aide à la décision pour le choix d’associations d’espèces piscicoles en aquaculture". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2022_0261_AMOUSSOU.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn aquaculture, polyculture is an ancient and still widespread farming practice in which several aquatic species can be produced together. It is increasingly considered as a promising option to improve the efficiency and sustainability of aquatic production systems, especially in fish farming. However, polyculture can have both beneficial (e.g. recycling of nutrients from the reared biomass reducing environmental impacts) and detrimental (e.g. interspecific competition leading to animal welfare problems) consequences on fish farming. It is therefore essential to assess its consequences on production and fish welfare to highlight the best polycultures among possible species combinations (candidate polycultures). In this PhD, we propose a decision support tool based on a four-step ranking procedure to assess and rank fish polycultures. This ranking procedure, based on a multi-trait approach, allows the selection of polycultures for aquaculture development. When the polyculture is designed to improve the rearing of a species of interest, the ranking procedure aims successively at (i) selecting traits reflecting species compatibility (survival and traits related to morphology, physiology and behavior), (ii) preparing data from experimental tests in recirculated aquaculture system, polarizing them according to the desired expression of the trait for aquaculture purposes, knowing that the highest growth rate and the lowest stress response are sought, (iii) weighting the results of the assessment of the polyculture, and (iv) synthesizing potentially conflicting results by integrating them, through a multivariate approach, into an index to facilitate ranking of candidate polycultures. The decision support tool can also be applied at the whole species level (i.e. considering all combined species). It is considered as an efficient way to select fish species combinations in aquaculture. However, it remains to be adjusted and adapted to all fish farming systems, in order to make it usable for all aquatic rearing systems
Zavattero, Elodie. "Intégration de modélisation à surface libre dans un système d’aide à la décision : application à la Basse Vallée du Var, France". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4004/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, the coastal areas concentrate frequently densely populated cities where economic development is associated to a fast urbanization. In many locations rivers are integrated within the urban areas and present both resources and potential risks. The growing competition between the economic activities and the essential space for the rivers requests an efficient management based on reliable tools able to provide hydrological information. Typically, the Lower Var valley, in south of France, faces to an increase of human activities, and the social impacts on the natural environment have become more and more intensive. Therefore, the water cycle is unbalanced implying water problems. To deal with this issue, local authorities needs a Decision Support System (DSS) tool to simulate the behaviour of water system. This is the objective of the AquaVar research which includes three numerical models: Mike SHE for the Var catchment, Mike 21FM for the Lower Var River, and Feflow for the aquifer. Here, the research is focused on the 2D free surface flow model and its integration in the DSS tool.The 2D hydraulic models represent a meaningful approach that can provide an accurate view on the physical processes within the river and on the hydrodynamics during the extreme events (inundation, drought and accidental pollution). The 2D free surface flow model is designed with Mike 21FM software using common methodology. It is calibrated and validated for the three specific weather conditions in the Lower Var valley: floods which occur in November, spring floods due to snow melting and droughts in summer. Not only the 2D hydraulic model allows to simulate scenarios of inundation and accidental pollutions, but it is also able to exchange water volume with the groundwater model developed with Feflow. A specific interface is developed to connect river and aquifer in the Lower Var valley. It required validation cases to accurately simulate the river-aquifer exchanges.Obviously, Mike 21FM is finally the core of the DSS tool because it is the centre of the modelling system. The hydrodynamics of the river depends on precipitations converted in flow by Mike SHE model, and exchanges water volume with the aquifer modelled by Feflow. The last part of this research is dedicated to the construction of the DSS tool and the integration of the 2D hydraulic model. The modelling system is implemented in a web interface adapted for different types of users. This DSS tool can be easily updated by sharing data from all the stakeholders. In the future, this tool could integrate sewage network and drinking water supply system to consider all the water cycle. Hence, local authorities could forecast and control the water resources and the potential risks
Muro, Amuchastegui Naiara. "Développement d'un système avancé d'aide à la décision clinique : enrichir la connaissance issue des guides de pratique clinique avec l'expérience". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS266.
Texto completo da fonteEvidence-Based Medicine has been formalized as Clinical Practice Guidelines, which define workflows and recommendations to be followed for a given clinical domain. These documents were formalized aiming to standardize healthcare and seeking the best patient outcomes. Nevertheless, clinicians do not adhere as expected to these guidelines due to several clinical and implementation limitations. On one hand, clinicians do not feel familiar, agree with and or are unaware of guidelines, hence doubting their self-efficacy and outcome expectancy compared to previous or more common practices. On the other hand, maintaining these guidelines updated with the most recent evidence requires continuous versioning of these paper-based documents. Clinical Decision Support Systems are proposed to help during the clinical decision-making process with the computerized implementation of the guidelines to promote their easy consultation and increased compliance. Even if these systems help improving guideline compliance, there are still some barriers inherited from paper-based guidelines that are not solved, such as managing complex cases not defined within the guidelines or the lack of representation of other external factors that may influence the provided treatments, biasing from guidelines’ recommendations (i.e. patient preferences). Retrieving observational data and patients’ quality of life outcomes related to the provided healthcare during routine clinical practice could help to identify and overcome these limitations and would generate Real World Data representing the real population and going beyond the limitations of the knowledge reported in the Randomized Clinical Trials. This thesis proposes an advanced Clinical Decision Support System for coping with the purely guideline-based support limitations and going beyond the formalized knowledge by analyzing the clinical data, outcomes, and performance of all the decisions made over time. To achieve these objectives, an approach for modeling the clinical knowledge and performance in a semantically validated and computerized way has been presented, leaning on an ontology and the formalization of the Decisional Event concept. Moreover, a domain-independent framework has been implemented for easing the process of computerizing, updating and implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines within a Clinical Decision Support System in order to provide clinical support for any queried patient. For addressing the reported guideline limitations, a methodology for augmenting the clinical knowledge using experience has been presented along with some clinical performance and quality evaluation over time, based on different studied clinical outcomes, such as the usability and the strength of the rules for evaluating the clinical reliability behind the formalized clinical knowledge. Finally, the accumulated Real World Data was explored to support future cases, promoting the study of new clinical hypotheses and helping in the detection of trends and patterns over the data using visual analytics tools. The presented modules had been developed and implemented in their majority within the European Horizon 2020 project DESIREE, in which the use case was focused on supporting Breast Units during the decision-making process for Primary Breast Cancer patients management, performing a technical and clinical validation over the presented architecture, whose results are presented in this thesis. Nevertheless, some of the modules have been also used in other medical domains such as Gestational Diabetes guidelines development, highlighting the interoperability and flexibility of the presented work
Sanchez, Céline. "Spécification et Implémentation du Système d’Aide à la Décision Multicritère pour la Maintenance Préventive et la Gestion du Patrimoine de la Société d’Autoroute ESCOTA : le projet SINERGIE". Paris, ENMP, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202653.
Texto completo da fonteDue to the ageing of the infrastructure, the toll motorway company ESCOTA aims at the formalization and improvement of the decisional process for preventive maintenance and assets management in a multi actors and multi criteria (MC) environment. The information processing used by ESCOTA can be formalized in three steps: measure, evaluation and decision. Periodic inspections are performed to detect any malfunction symptoms. The expert in charge of a domain (carriageways, bridges …) evaluates the situation seriousness and associates an emergency degree to the corresponding maintenance operation. The official in charge of the operating network attribute a priority degree according to strategic criteria. To each step of this process a specific set of criteria and an aggregation operator (Weighted Average Mean WAM) correspond. Each MC evaluation step is modelled as the aggregation of partial scores attributed to an operation w. R. T. A set of n criteria. Scores are expressed over a finite scale as labels. Our work has been to set up a consistent evaluation process that enables 1) experts to express their judgement values in their own discrete semantic universe, 2) to convert the labels in adequate numerical values using the MACBETH method and clustering techniques, 3) to compute the WAM based aggregated value and convert it in return into the experts’ semantic universe 4) to carry out a robustness analysis of the evaluation process to assess the risk of misclassification of the operations and to diagnose them. This method is implemented in an IPS —SINERGIE — that supports decisions concerning maintenance operations planning through adequate information processing procedure
Mejri, Hinda. "Un système d’aide à la régulation d’un réseau de transport multimodal perturbé : réponse au problème de congestion". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteTransport networks have been amplified by the increasing number of vehicles and stations and the emergence of new concepts essentially multimodal and intermodal. Thus, the task of managing public transport systems has become very complex and difficult for regulators.To cope with these difficulties, there is the development of systems decision support as an effective solution to traffic control. They can transmit real-time traffic information on transport networks. Our work is based on designing a control system of multimodal transport networks. It may be as an essential tool for effective solutions and real-time to the problem of traffic congestion. It can provide the necessary information to the user in making its decision to move with or without his car. The proposed system is a hybrid between a graph modeling the network and a multi-agent system. This will be supported by an evolutionary approach for generating an optimal control solution. This is justified by the open, distributed and complex network of multimodal transport
Avillach, Paul. "Du système d'information clinique au système d'information épidémiologique : apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20697.
Texto completo da fonteMedical information collected during clinical care must be re-used to address other more collective goals. In this context of re-using data from a clinical information system for epidemiological research, the objective of this work is to study the contribution of semantic interoperability across a number of practical situations we have met and discussed which illustrate the nature of semantic consistency problems associated with processing of medical data.Coexistence at a given time, of several semantic repositories should not be considered as an obstacle to interoperability. Generic tools can be designed and developed to move seamlessly from one component to another with as little loss of information as possible. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the semantic integration tools. Its use in this work shows the generality of this method and its potential for solving this class of semantic interoperability problems.The richness of each of the terminology can, when combined into a single pivot semantic repository, enrich the set of terminologies individually for a better representation of knowledge.Semantic interoperability improves the availability and quality of reusable data for public health research. It also enriches existing data. It provides access to new sources of data, aggregated in a valid manner, allowing benchmarking or richer analysis
Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.
Texto completo da fonteDigital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators
Laouisset, Brahim. "Système intelligent d’aide à la conception pour le développement de procédés et de produits industriels : application à la maîtrise de procédé d'aiguilletage et à l'étude de biocomposites". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10089/document.
Texto completo da fonteMost of the industrial design assistant tools that are available nowadays are based on the use of analytical and statistical models. Those methods enable to characterize the relations between the design factors and the quality criterions in order to predict the quality of a new product without doing new experimental tests. Nevertheless, because of the behavioural complexity of the product or the method, the uncertainty in the design process and the weak number of experimental data, those classical models are often less efficient to treat complex applications. As part of my doctoral thesis, we have essentially worked (si tu veux mettre au present we work) on the design of multifunctional composite materials made of fibres. In this context, we have improved the industrial design assistant tools in order to develop in a systematic way, new materials. For this, we propose an approach that not only uses the classical technics of data analysis but also the advanced calculation technics. By using those technics, we realized an integral system in UML language and an oriented object computer programming, that allow to identify the pertinent parameters of the method and of the structure of the composite material studied according to the desired functional properties. This system was applied to the control of a textile reinforcement process by needling and development of biocomposites materials which the mechanical and acoustical performances are simultaneously considered
Wang, Yunfei. "Un système réactif d'aide à la décision pour le transport intermodal de marchandises". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0010/document.
Texto completo da fonteBarge transportation is an important research topic that started to draw increasing scientific attention in the recent decade. Considered as sustainable, environment-friendly and economical, barge transportation has been identified as a competitive alternative for freight transportation, complementing the traditional road and rail modes. However, contributions related to barge transportation, especially in the context of intermodal transportation, are still scarce. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to fill this gap by proposing a reactive decision support system for freight intermodal barge transportation from the perspective of the carriers. The proposed system incorporates resource and revenue management concepts and principles to build the optimal set of scheduled services plans at the tactical level. Carriers may thus benefit from transportation plans offering increased flexibility and reliability. They could thus serve more demands and better satisfy customers. One novelty of the approach is the application of revenue management considerations (e.g., market segmentation and price differentiation) at both operational and tactical planning levels. The optimization problems are mathematically formalized and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) models are proposed, implemented and tested against various network settings and demand scenarios, for each decision level. At the tactical level, a new solution approach, combining adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) and Tabu search is designed to solve large scale MILP problems. An integrated simulation framework, including the tactical and the operational levels jointly, is proposed to validate the decision support system in different settings, in terms of physical network topology, revenue management parameters and accuracy degree of demand forecasts. To analyze the numerical results corresponding to the solutions of the optimization problems, several categories of performance indicators are proposed and used
Gillois, Pierre. "Nouvelles méthodes d'évaluation des recommandations contenues dans les Guides de bonne Pratique Clinique". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066138.
Texto completo da fonteGalopin, Alexandre. "Modélisation ontologique des recommandations de pratique clinique pour une aide à la décision à niveaux d'abstraction variables". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066202/document.
Texto completo da fonteClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are elaborated according to evidence-based medicine principles in order to improve healthcare quality. However, even when they are integrated into clinical decision support systems, recommendations are poorly implemented by physicians. Indeed, CPGs are often criticized for their lack of flexibility, and their inability to handle the singularity of patients encountered in clinical practice. In particular, CPGs are usually elaborated for a single pathology whereas patients usually suffer from multiple pathologies and comorbidities. We have proposed a method based on an ontological reasoning to enable the reconciliation of single-pathology CPGs to support the flexible management of patients with multiple pathologies. Knowledge bases are made of decision rules that formalize the content of single-pathology CPGs. Patient criteria are organized by a domain ontology, which allows the generation of a generalization-ordered graph of clinical patient profiles. The ontological reasoning allows to reason at different levels of abstraction to process clinical cases described with different levels of completeness. This method has been implemented in a decision support system called GO-DSS, and applied to the management of patients suffering from both arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes, on the basis of CPGs produced by the VIDAL company (VIDAL Recos). The prototype and its user interfaces have been qualitatively evaluated by a sample of users including both computer scientists with medical knowledge and physicians with computer skills
Samet, Bacem. "Analyse et amélioration des performances d’un système complexe par pilotage et par re-conception". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC014/document.
Texto completo da fonteComplex systems having a long period of service are large scale systems that typically have stochastic behavior. In this thesis, we study, in particular, one type of these systems: the Bike Sharing System. The operating principle of this transport service consists of a fleet of bikes disposed in various stations. The users come to take bicycles to use them for their trip and then bring them back in any stations.As these systems are supposed to operate for long periods, new requirements can overcome (eg. station attractiveness) and performance degradation may occur. A decision support tool is thus required to analyze and improve the performance by control operations (eg. fleet size change) or re-design (eg. changing the capacity of a station).The stochastic modeling approach is used through a network of queues with limited capacity queues and a blocking mechanism. The resolution method of the proposed model is defined in the research work of Kouvatsos (1994).The case study is a sub-network of 20 Vélib's stations in Paris. The performance analysis according to exogenous changes and improvement operations (control and re-design) allowed us to deduce recommendations that can improve the performance of the system.As the method of solving this model has a great complexity, we propose a method of aggregation of the stations to reduce the size of the problem by having controllable errors. This method is implemented and evaluated for a particular system where all the parameters are homogeneous. Finally, the study of this method for a non-homogeneous system and other perspectives are proposed to extend this research work
Renaudin, Pierre. "Place du pharmacien dans le système de soins et la prise de décision : application clinique à la iatrogénie médicamenteuse : vers une démarche de pratique collaborative pluriprofessionelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0733/document.
Texto completo da fonteMedication errors in hospital is a major public health problem with multiple reasons. Medication reviews and the role of cohorts of patients could help reduce this phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to provide useful elements for public decision on the evolution of pharmaceutical practices and the adverse drugs reactions and secondly to provide tools directly useful to the pharmacist to target patients most at risk of adverse drugs events. This work is divided into three parts: (i) definition and context, (ii) evaluation of the clinical and economic impact of the clinical pharmacist in a pro-active approach of pharmaceutical care in the care units, (iii) risk factors adverse drug events in the short and long term. In view of these results and data from the literature, it appears that medication reports are a means of optimizing the quality and efficiency of care
Iphar, Clément. "Formalisation d'un environnement d'analyse des données basé sur la détection d'anomalies pour l'évaluation de risques : Application à la connaissance de la situation maritime". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM041/document.
Texto completo da fonteAt sea, various systems enable vessels to be aware of their environment and on the coast, those systems, such as radar, provide a picture of the maritime traffic to the coastal states. One of those systems, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used for security purposes (anti-collision) and as a tool for on-shore bodies as a control and surveillance and decision-support tool.An assessment of AIS based on data quality dimensions is proposed, in which integrity is highlighted as the most important of data quality dimensions. As the structure of AIS data is complex, a list of integrity items have been established, their purpose being to assess the consistency of the data within the data fields with the technical specifications of the system and the consistency of the data fields within themselves in a message and between the different messages. In addition, the use of additional data (such as fleet registers) provides additional information to assess the truthfulness and the genuineness of an AIS message and its sender.The system is weekly secured and bad quality data have been demonstrated, such as errors in the messages, data falsification or data spoofing, exemplified in concrete cases such as identity theft or vessel voluntary disappearances. In addition to message assessment, a set of threats have been identified, and an assessment of the associated risks is proposed, allowing a better comprehension of the maritime situation and the establishment of links between the vulnerabilities caused by the weaknesses of the system and the maritime risks related to the safety and security of maritime navigation
Bourgeois, Serge. "Contribution à la conception de systèmes interactifs d'aide à l'ordonnancement dans les ateliers manufacturiers". Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/62fb3065-e211-45f7-8fe3-99a2a22b0f8c.
Texto completo da fonteGacias, Pastor Bernat. "Une approche interdisciplinaire pour l'ordonnancement des transports". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1044/.
Texto completo da fonteAn interdisciplinary approach has been proposed for the vehicle routing problem. The idea is to consider human factors and dynamic aspects for the decision support system (DSS) design. In our approach, a link is done between methods of operations research and an ecological interface design coming from engineering cognitive. A work domain analysis for the vehicle routing problem has been done. The analysis is realized through an abstraction hierarchy, which facilitates the identification of the problem constraints. We have proposed a DSS architecture based on this analysis and on constraint programming. Specific algorithms and solving mechanisms based on model inversion have been proposed and integrated in the system. Finally, we have design a set of human-machine interfaces in order to facilitate the problem solving to the human planning. The interdisciplinary study has been preceded by an analysis of the parallel machine scheduling problem with precedence constraints and setup times. Tree searches and local searches based on limited discrepancy search have been proposed to solve the problem
Brossier, David. "Élaboration et validation d'une base de données haute résolution destinée à la calibration d'un patient virtuel utilisable pour l'enseignement et la prise en charge personnalisée des patients en réanimation pédiatrique Perpetual and Virtual Patients for Cardiorespiratory Physiological Studies Creating a High-Frequency Electronic Database in the PICU: The Perpetual Patient Qualitative subjective assessment of a high-resolution database in a paediatric intensive care unit-Elaborating the perpetual patient's ID card Validation Process of a High-Resolution Database in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit – Describing the Perpetual Patient’s Validation Evaluation of SIMULRESP©: a simulation software of child and teenager cardiorespiratory physiology". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC428.
Texto completo da fonteThe complexity of the patients in the intensive care unit requires the use of clinical decision support systems. These systems bring together automated management protocols that enable adherence to guidelines and virtual physiological or patient simulators that can be used to safely customize management. These devices operating from algorithms and mathematical equations can only be developed from a large number of patients’ data. The main objective of the work was the elaboration of a high resolution database automatically collected from critically ill children. This database will be used to develop and validate a physiological simulator called SimulResp© . This manuscript presents the whole process of setting up the database from concept to use
Agrebi, Maroi. "Méthodes d'aide à la décision multi-attribut et multi-acteur pour résoudre le problème de sélection dans un environnement certain/incertain : cas de la localisation des centres de distribution". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe research work presented in this thesis is part of the works’ continuity on multi-criteria group (decision-makers) decision-making, particularly in the field of the distribution centers’ location selection. Under certain environment, although the decision to select the location of the distribution centers has given rise in several research works, it has never been the object, to our knowledge, of a decision taken by several decision makers. In this regard, the first objective of this thesis is to develop a multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (MAADM) to resolve the posed problem. For this purpose, we have adapted and extended the ELECTRE I method. Under uncertain environment, In view of the inherent uncertainty and inaccuracy of human decision-making, the future behavior of the market and companies, the second objective of this thesis is to propose a fuzzy multi-attribute and multi-actor decision-making method (FMAADM) to treat the problem in question. To this end, we have coupled the MAADM method with the fuzzy set theory. To validate the two contributions, we designed a decision support system (S-DSS) to implement the MAADM method and the FMAADM method. Based on the S-DSS, two experimental studies were conducted. We also applied a sensitivity analysis to verify the sensitivity of the solution retained vis-a-vis to weights’ variations of evaluation criteria. The obtained results prove that the MAADM method and the FMAADM method meet the desired objective and thus retained for the selection of the best location under certain/uncertain context of multi-attribute and multi-actor
Roche, Amelie. "Proposition d'une méthode de conception systémique d'interface homme-système adaptée aux situations de multihandicap". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0272/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the field of Human-System Interface (HSI) design, one key concept is the User-Centred Design (UCD), an approach that considers the user as the centre of the design process. Although this approach is a significant advance to provide solutions that meets the needs and expectations of end-users, it is not totally suitable for end-users with multiple disabilities. Moreover, despite the benefits of the UCD, only few designers apply this approach. The use of standard approaches remains dominant. There is a general lack of awareness among designers on how take account of end-users, even less when the end-users have multiples disabilities.In view of these observations, our work has been structured to two main axes, conducted in parallel. We have elaborated and formalized design method of HSI, named AMICAS (Innovative Methodological Approach of Adapted Systemic Design), in order to design tools or services adapted for users, whatever their disabilities are. This method has been tested to children with multiple disabilities in educational context and with elderly in care homes. Also, we have developed a decision support tool. The purpose of this tool is to help designers to take into account end-users and their disabilities into the design stage. Based on the results, we suggest in synthesizing an improved version of AMICAS and we have published the decision support tool online
Kadri, Farid. "Contribution à la conception d'un système d'aide à la décision pour la gestion de situations de tension au sein des systèmes hospitaliers. Application à un service d'urgence". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe management of patient flow, especially the flow resulting from health (flu, heat waves and exceptional circumstances) is one of the most important problems to manage in the emergency department (ED). To handle the influx of patients, emergency departments require significant human and material resources, and a high degree of coordination between these resources. Under these conditions, the medical and the paramedical staffs are often confronted with strain situations which greatly complicate their task. The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to improving the management of situations of tension occurring in the emergency department by providing a decision support system, SAGEST. This DSS allows i) a proactive control of the ED: predicting at short and/or medium-term the occurrence of potential strain situations and proposing corrective actions to prevent the occurrence of these situations, ii) a reactive control in the case of no-detection of the strain situation occurrence. A functional architecture of the SAGEST system, based on the manager’s decision making process is proposed. Used methodologies and models embedded in the main functions and the knowledge base of the SAGEST system are described. Finally, experiments and results of different models of SAGEST system applied to the paediatric emergency department (PED) of the Regional University Hospital of Lille are presented and discussed
Suon, Médéric. "Optimisation de la logistique internationale à horizon stratégique. Application à un constructeur automobile". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787341.
Texto completo da fonteBen, Ayed Emna. "Une approche pour l'évaluation des systèmes d'aide à la décision mobiles basés sur le processus d'extraction des connaissances à partir des données : application dans le domaine médical". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0008.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we are interested in Mobile Decision support systems (MDSS), which are based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (MDSS/KDD). Our work is dealing with the evaluation of these systems, but also to the evaluation in the KDD process itself. The proposed approach appends an evaluation support module for each software module composing the KDD process based on quality models. The proposed evaluation support modules allow to evaluate not only the quality in use of each module composing the KDD process, but also other criteria that reflect the objectives of each KDD module. Our main goal is to help evaluators to detect defects as early as possible in order to enhance the quality of all the modules that constitute a MDSS/KDD. We have also presented a context-based method that takes into account the change of context of use due to mobility. In addition, we have proposed an evaluation support system that monitors and measures all the proposed criteria. Furthermore, we present the implementation of the proposed approach. These developments concern mainly the proposed evaluation tool: CEVASM: Context-based EVAluation support System for MDSS. Finally, the proposed approach is applied for the evaluation of the modules of a MDSS/KDD for the fight against nosocomial infections, in Habib Bourguiba hospital in Sfax, Tunisia. For every module in KDD, we are interested with the phase of evaluation. We follow the evaluation process based on the ISO/IEC 25040 standard. The objective is to be able to validate, a priori, the realized evaluation tool (CEVASM) and consequently, the proposed approach
Heinzlef, Charlotte. "Modélisation d'indicateurs de résilience urbaine face au risque d'inondation : co-construction d'un système spatial à la décision pour contribuer à l'opérationnalisation du concept de résilience Assessing and mapping urban resilience to floods with respect to cascading effects through critical infrastructure networks » Operationalizing urban resilience to floods in embanked territories – Application in Avignon, Provence Alpes Côte d’azur region A spatial decision support system for enhancing resilience to floods. Bridging resilience modelling and geovisualization techniques Operating urban resilience strategies to face climate change and associated risks: some advances from theory to application in Canada and France". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1197.
Texto completo da fonteIn a context of climate change, increased urban flooding and increased uncertainty, urbanmanagers are forced to innovate to design appropriate risk management strategies. Among thesestrategies, making cities resilient has become an imperative. The concept of resilience is amultidisciplinary concept that defines the ability of a system to absorb a disturbance and then recoverits functions. This concept refers to technical, urban, social, architectural, architectural, economic andpolitical innovation and calls into question traditional risk management systems. This injunction toinnovation is perfectly adapted to the urban, economic, political, social and ecological complexity ofthe contemporary world. As a result, the concept of resilience is integrated with urban sprawl issues andassociated risks. However, despite this theoretical and conceptual adequacy, resilience remains complexto integrate into the practices of urban planners and territorial actors. Its multitude of definitions andapproaches have contributed to its abstraction and lack of operationalization.In response to this observation, this research aims to address these operational gaps by buildinga spatial decision support system to clarify and promote the integration of the concept into urbanpractices. The idea behind this approach is that urban resilience embodies the abilities and capacities ofa city and its population to develop before, during and after a disruptive event in order to limit itsnegative impacts. This scientific positioning therefore makes it possible to analyze urban resilience as acontinuum, highlighting proactive capacities that the urban system must develop in order to (re)act inthe face of flooding. This work was based on a socio-economic partnership with the City of Avignonand its GIS Service (Geographic Information System). The approach made it possible to build threemeasurement indicators to address the urban, technical and social resilience of the Avignon area. Theseindicators have made it possible to acquire information on the variables defining potential resilience thatwould foster the emergence of an adequate response to a natural disaster and more precisely to an urbanflood. The use of geovisualization techniques has made it possible to visualize treatments and results inorder to explain the approach to urban managers. At the same time, consultation workshops were heldto present and discuss the results obtained through the indicators with critical infrastructure managersand managers.The co-construction of these indicators, in order to build an analysis and knowledge aroundurban resilience, followed by the implementation of workshops with stakeholders in the territory, inorder to promote the territorial decision-making process, has made it possible to develop a culture ofresilience. This spatial decision support system has therefore made it possible to pool theoretical andpractical knowledge on urban risk and resilience issues in order to reach the consensus necessary fordecision-making and the operationalization of resilience
Retmi, Kawtar. "Une approche pour une évaluation économique des décisions opérationnelles et tactiques : mise en œuvre sur la Supply chain de l’OCP". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100165/document.
Texto completo da fonteOCP SA is Morocco’s largest company. It is widely considered as owning some 60% of phosphate world reserves and is engaged in a process of Supply Chain control. Initially specialized in phosphate ore extraction, OCP SA has expanded, few years ago, its activities to include production of phosphate fertilizers using chemical processing. Under our research project, we focus on economic management of OCP’s Hybrid Supply chain (HSC). A HSC comprises multiple interrelated discrete and continuous processes together forming an integrated process from the supplier down to the end customer. In such a system, the production rationale includes both batch and flow models. Each discrete or continuous process seeks to capture part of the value created by the organizational collaboration performed either in internal supply chains made up of business unit or in external ones made up of legally independent entities.At first, we focused on the representation of physical functioning. So a simulation model that allows us to reproduce this functioning has been done from the process mapping we have done. The modeling / Simulation technique mobilized in the modeling framework of this type of supply chain is the Discrete Event Simulation (DES) which allows reproducing the operational functioning of the HSCBy working on the command, this implies a specific management control with a definition of a dynamic repository that will depend on the simulation model. This repository can be used by the interactive decision support system of management control in order to improve decision-making. Therefore, we must measure the economic impact, evaluate the decision-making alternatives and analyze the gaps. To do this, it is necessary to rely on a management accounting based on a second modeling / simulation in order to propose a cost model. This second simulation relies on a finer representation of the processes in a perspective of periodic financial reporting and must allow better appreciate the cost drivers. In this context, we have chosen the Activity Based Costing (ABC) method. In addition, in process mapping, each production step involving a process change and contributing to its discretization represents a triggering event highlighting a cost driver. We have thus processed each process at the level of the "acid" BU and at the level of the "fertilizer" BU to determine the inductors used to allocate the expenses. Our ABC model is therefore used to measure the value creation for each BUs of the HSC and it is able to take into account all the outputs and inputs of each processing entity.Later, our aim is to explore the integration of the notion of cost in the simulation model. The limit of the discrete event simulation is manifested in the level of information provided on costs. To assess production costs, and the influence of the diversity of production scenario, variable costs must be included. This can be provided by the combination of the discrete event simulation with the ABC method. So we have proposed an approach that will be implemented in the context of the OCP HSC. This approach will take into account the coupling between ABC and SED with all the translation rules to can, from the existing management control system that is associated with a functional unit cost centers, go to the BUs oriented industrial processes. It will also enable us to structure the physical and financial flow performance indicators in the form of a scorecard
Nguyen, Quang-Duy. "Interoperability and Upgradability Improvement for Context-Aware Systems in Agriculture 4.0". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC017.
Texto completo da fonteThe next evolution of agriculture is Agriculture 4.0. Agriculture 4.0 is about using technologies ofthe Internet of Things (IoT) and Context-Aware Systems (CASs) to increase the performance offarming activities. A CAS can react automatically and adequately to the environment based onits context. Applying CASs in agriculture can reduce farm labor and increase the precision offarming activities. However, it encounters two challenges specific to agriculture. The firstchallenge relies on the need to upgrade a CAS regularly with new computing devices orsoftware programs without changing its functionality. Indeed, natural factors, such as violentweather and wild animals, can damage the computing devices located on farmland. Moreover,after each farming season, farmers may need to upgrade their system with new computingdevices and software programs. The second challenge is the data heterogeneity generated froma CAS. In agriculture, various phenomena involve the need to have different sensor devices thatmake numerous types of measurements and produce heterogeneous data. Representing all ofthese heterogeneous data is necessary for the interoperability of different computing devices ina CAS or the interoperability between different CASs in the IoT ecosystem. This thesis proposesthree contributions. The first contribution addresses the first challenge. It is a new architecturebased on the microservice mindset that allows system developers to focus on the services’goals rather than the computing devices and software programs of a CAS. This newarchitecture is called the stack of services for CASs. The second contribution addresses thesecond challenge. It is a new ontology for CASs named CASO. The ontology provides avocabulary to model heterogeneous data generated from CASs and embodies a mechanism tomake rules for reasoning. The third contribution is to build a decision support system (DSS) forthe irrigation CAS in the research unit TSCF, INRAE. The design of the DSS relies on the stackof services for CASs. Moreover, the DSS uses a new ontology called IRRIG, a specialization ofCASO for irrigation. The DSS is an automation version of the manual irrigation methodIRRINOV®. All the guidelines for farmers in IRRINOV® are transformed into rules for reasoning.The contributions of this thesis are going to be applied to build a smart irrigation CAS deployedin AgroTechnoPôle, located in Montoldre, France
Bagayoko, Cheick-oumar. "Mise en place d'un système d'information hospitalier en Afrique francophone : cinz@n, étude et validation du modèle au Mali". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20680/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe implementation of hospital information systems focused on care processes has been shown to improve the quality of care, the management of resources, and the productivity. These benefits are necessary in all countries, regardless of their level of development. However, a question does arise: “Given the differences in financial, technological and human contexts, should we, in Africa, undertake a differentiated strategy to achieve these shared goals?”. The aim of our study was to develop a model adapted to the cultural and economical contexts of developing countries. Our methodology was based on the adaptation and implementation of an Open Source software. This work led to the development and validation of a model in Mali named Cinz@n. It has been implemented and tested at the Mother-Child hospital in Bamako. Beyond the software implementation, change management and the training of stakeholders have been the subject of special attention. The results of the evaluation of the functional coverage, the ergonomics of the system and user satisfaction are satisfactory. 84% of users consider that the system has improved the quality of their work, and 100% of users are willing to continue the experiment, also recommending the extension of the system to all hospital departments. The qualitative analysis of the database showed strict usage of the patient identification procedures. We conclude that Cinz@n, with an investment cost of about ten thousand euros, and a wide acceptance by users can be a model for other implementations in French Speaking Africa
Wang, Yuan. "Heart rate variability and respiration signals as late onset sepsis diagnostic tools in neonatal intensive care units". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S106/document.
Texto completo da fonteLate-onset sepsis, defined as a systemic infection in neonates older than 3 days, occurs in approximately 10% of all neonates and in more than 25% of very low birth weight infants who are hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). Recurrent and severe spontaneous apneas and bradycardias (AB) is one of the major clinical early indicators of systemic infection in the premature infant. Various hematological and biochemical markers have been evaluated for this indication but they are invasive procedures that cannot be repeated several times. The objective of this Ph.D dissertation was to determine if heart rate variability (HRV), respiration and the analysis of their relationships help to the diagnosis of infection in premature infants via non-invasive ways in NICU. Therefore, we carried out Mono-Channel (MC) and Bi-Channel (BC) Analysis in two selected groups of premature infants: sepsis (S) vs. non-sepsis (NS). (1) Firstly, we studied the RR series not only by distribution methods (moy, varn, skew, kurt, med, SpAs), by linear methods: time domain (SD, RMSSD) and frequency domain (p_VLF, p_LF, p_HF), but also by non-linear methods: chaos theory (alphaS, alphaF) and information theory (AppEn, SamEn, PermEn, Regul). For each method, we attempt three sizes of window 1024/2048/4096, and then compare these methods in order to find the optimal ways to distinguish S from NS. The results show that alphaS, alphaF and SamEn are optimal parameters to recognize sepsis from the diagnosis of late neonatal infection in premature infants with unusual and recurrent AB. (2) The question about the functional coupling of HRV and nasal respiration is addressed. Linear and non-linear relationships have been explored. Linear indexes were correlation (r²), coherence function (Cohere) and time-frequency index (r2t,f), while a non-linear regression coefficient (h²) was used to analyze non-linear relationships. We calculated two directions during evaluate the index h2 of non-linear regression. Finally, from the entire analysis process, it is obvious that the three indexes (r2tf_rn_raw_0p2_0p4, h2_rn_raw and h2_nr_raw) were complementary ways to diagnosticate sepsis in a non-invasive way, in such delicate patients.(3) Furthermore, feasibility study is carried out on the candidate parameters selected from MC and BC respectively. We discovered that the proposed test based on optimal fusion of 6 features shows good performance with the largest Area Under Curves (AUC) and the least Probability of False Alarm (PFA). As a conclusion, we believe that the selected measures from MC and BC signal analysis have a good repeatability and accuracy to test for the diagnosis of sepsis via non-invasive NICU monitoring system, which can reliably confirm or refute the diagnosis of infection at an early stage
Borcheni, Emna. "Une approche pour l'évaluation des systèmes d'aide à la décision mobiles basés sur le processus d'extraction des connaissances à partir des données : application dans le domaine médical". Thesis, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0008/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we are interested in Mobile Decision support systems (MDSS), which are based on the Knowledge Discovery from Data process (MDSS/KDD). Our work is dealing with the evaluation of these systems, but also to the evaluation in the KDD process itself. The proposed approach appends an evaluation support module for each software module composing the KDD process based on quality models. The proposed evaluation support modules allow to evaluate not only the quality in use of each module composing the KDD process, but also other criteria that reflect the objectives of each KDD module. Our main goal is to help evaluators to detect defects as early as possible in order to enhance the quality of all the modules that constitute a MDSS/KDD. We have also presented a context-based method that takes into account the change of context of use due to mobility. In addition, we have proposed an evaluation support system that monitors and measures all the proposed criteria. Furthermore, we present the implementation of the proposed approach. These developments concern mainly the proposed evaluation tool: CEVASM: Context-based EVAluation support System for MDSS. Finally, the proposed approach is applied for the evaluation of the modules of a MDSS/KDD for the fight against nosocomial infections, in Habib Bourguiba hospital in Sfax, Tunisia. For every module in KDD, we are interested with the phase of evaluation. We follow the evaluation process based on the ISO/IEC 25040 standard. The objective is to be able to validate, a priori, the realized evaluation tool (CEVASM) and consequently, the proposed approach
Brossier, David. "Élaboration et validation d’une base de données haute résolution destinée à la calibration d’un patient virtuel utilisable pour l’enseignement et la prise en charge personnalisée des patients en réanimation pédiatrique". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24620.
Texto completo da fonteLa complexité des patients de réanimation justifie le recours à des systèmes d’aide à la décision thérapeutique. Ces systèmes rassemblent des protocoles automatisés de prise en charge permettant le respect des recommandations et des simulateurs physiologiques ou patients virtuels, utilisables pour personnaliser de façon sécuritaire les prises en charge. Ces dispositifs fonctionnant à partir d’algorithmes et d’équations mathématiques ne peuvent être développés qu’à partir d’un grand nombre de données de patients. Le principal objectif de cette thèse était la mise en place d’une base de données haute résolution automatiquement collectée de patients de réanimation pédiatrique dont le but sera de servir au développement et à la validation d’un simulateur physiologique : SimulResp©. Ce travail présente l’ensemble du processus de mise en place de la base de données, du concept jusqu’à son utilisation.
The complexity of the patients in the intensive care unit requires the use of clinical decision support systems. These systems bring together automated management protocols that enable adherence to guidelines and virtual physiological or patient simulators that can be used to safely customize management. These devices operating from algorithms and mathematical equations can only be developed from a large number of patients’ data. The main objective of the work was the elaboration of a high resolution database automatically collected from critically ill children. This database will be used to develop and validate a physiological simulator called SimulResp© . This manuscript presents the whole process of setting up the database from concept to use.