Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Syndrome de réponse inflammatoire foetale"
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Chevalier, Geoffroy. "Analyse de la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque en cas de syndrome de réponse inflammatoire fœtale aigu isolé ou associé à une hypoxie : Étude expérimentale chez le foetus de brebis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS060.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Fetal infection during labor, accompanied by fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), is linked to neurodevelopmental impairments, cerebral palsy, neonatal sepsis, and even mortality. Existing diagnostic methods for FIRS remain insufficient. Acidosis associated with FIRS during labor presents a significant risk to the fetus. This study hypothesizes that analysing fetal heart rate variability (HRV) could serve as a tool for detecting FIRS. Therefore, the first study aim was to explore whether fetal HRV change during FIRS and the second aim was to explore how HRV changes during acute FIRS-associated hypoxia, compared to isolated hypoxia. Material and methods: In near-term fetal sheep with chronic instrumentation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered intravenously to simulate FIRS, while a control group received an injection of saline solution. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 14 heart rate variability (HRV) indices were recorded during a stability period and for six hours after injection. For these different parameters, hourly comparisons were made between the LPS and control groups. For the second aim, two other groups were compared: one with isolated hypoxia, the other with hypoxia and FIRS. Worsening hypoxia was induced by repeated umbilical cord occlusions in three one-hour phases: mild, moderate, and severe. Hemodynamic, gasometric, and HRV parameters were compared between the groups. Results: For the first aim, a total of 15 lambs were instrumented. In the LPS-treated group (n = 8), IL-6 levels significantly increased following LPS administration (p < 0.001), validating the FIRS model. Additionally, fetal heart rate showed a significant increase after H5 (p < 0.01). Significant differences between LPS and control groups were observed between H2 and H4 for five HRV measures (Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal (SDNN), Standard Deviation 2 (SD2), Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) alpha 1 and 2 and Long-Term Variability (LTV)). The hypoxia and FIRS group had a higher mortality rate (n = 4/9) compared with isolated hypoxia group (n = 0/9). Gasometric state was altered earlier in the hypoxia and FIRS group after mild occlusions (pH = 7.22 [7.12–7.24] vs 7.28 [7.23–7.34], p = 0.01; lactate = 10.3 mmol/L [9.4–11.0] vs 6.0 mmol/L [4.1–8.2], p <0.001). After mild occlusions, the hypoxia and FIRS group had higher values for six HRV parameters compared with the hypoxia group (SDNN, Root Mean Square of Successive Differences (RMSSD), Short Term Variability (STV), LTV, Low Frequencies (LF) and High frequencies (HF). After moderate occlusions, only SDNN and RMSSD remained significantly higher. Conclusion: During acute FIRS, associated or not with hypoxia, HRV is significantly changed. These changes appear to be mediated by an increase of global variability and a loss of signal complexity. HRV indices may therefore be valuable for early detection in these two situations
Bretelle, Florence. "Pathologies vasculaires gravidiques : rôle de l'endothélium et de la réponse inflammatoire". Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20686.
Texto completo da fonteJaber, Samir. "Syndrome inflammatoire de réponse systémique (SIRS) sévère en chirurgie cardiaque : évaluation d'une antibiothérapie (résultats préliminaires)". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11151.
Texto completo da fonteRoesch, Ferdinand. "Réplication du VIH et réponse innée : étude de l'hyperthermie et de l'activité pro-inflammatoire de la protéine Vpr". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077031.
Texto completo da fonteAids is characterized by chronic activation of the immune system. Different events lead to the production of interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. During the acute phase of infection, inflammation can be associated with fever episodes. To better understand the role of fever during HIV physiopathology, we studied the impact of hyperthermia on HIV replication in vitro. We showed that hyperthermia increases HIV replication in infected T lymphocytes. Single cycle infection in different cell lines was enhanced by 5-fold. Hyperthermia has no impact on viral entry or reverse transcription, but increases viral transcription. The heat shock protein Hsp90 is associated with transcription sites and plays a major role in the increased replication in hyperthermic conditions. We also showed that hyperthermia could favor viral reactivation in latently infected cells. We then studied the rote of the accessory protein Vpr in the modulat of innate immune responses. Our results showed that Vpr increased the synthesis of TNFa in T lymphocytes after infection. This release TNF a causes the nuclear transiocaiton of NfKB and may contribute the reactivation process in latently infected cells. This new activity of Vpr seems to correlate with its ability to arrest cell cycle of infected c in the G2 phase. We also observed a positive effect of Vpr on interf synthesis in dendritic cells. The study of the mechanisms by which hyperthermia and Vpr influence HIV replication and innate response should help to better characterize the role of inflammation in HIV-associated pathology
Faivre, Valérie. "Régulation immunitaire au cours du sepsis altérations monocytaires et différenciation en sous populations de cellules dendritiques". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077233.
Texto completo da fonteSepsis is frequently observed in intensive care, with mortality around 50% (most severe cases). This pathology involves a systemic inflammatory response that occurs following infection. The immune System plays a major role in this inflammatory syndrome, with a potential progression toward an excessive response, dangerous for peripheral organs, or toward inadequate anti-inflammatory control and re-infections. The aim of this work was to precise mechanisms involved in this infection susceptibility, especially those related to monocyte. Results showed that peritonitis patients monocytes are able to differerentiate in vitro into dendritic cells (DC), in an accelerated manner. Ànalysis of these DC showed the emergence of a CD la- DC subset, which proportion is strongly increased in patients. T cells stimulated with control donors or patients CD la- DC do not proliferate. However, T cells cultured with control CD la- DC display Th2 and regulatory polarization, whereas patients CD la- DC favored Th1 profile. This polarization switch could enhance immune response against infection, but also peripheral tissue injury. By contrast, patients CDla+ DC potentially induced a stronger regulatory response in proliferating T cells, as suggested by increased Foxp3 expression, than did control CDla+ cells. These results suggest an additionnal and complex control of inflammatory and immune responses during sepsis, that could take place via the development of monocytes subsets, which remains to be characterized, and could result from a long-lasting cellular reprogramming process. The involvement of this process in the occurrence of secondary infections needs further investigations
Durant, Richard. "Production de formes réactives de l'oxygène par les phagocytes au cours du Syndrome de Réponse Inflammatoire Systémique : modulation de la NADPH oxydase in vitro et ex vivo". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11110.
Texto completo da fonteFavory, Raphaël. "Syndrome de Détresse Microcirculatoire et Mitochondriale dans le sepsis". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476831.
Texto completo da fonteMartin-Blondel, Guillaume. "Migration et pathogénicité des lymphocytes T CD8 au sein du système nerveux central". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30255.
Texto completo da fonteThe central nervous system (CNS) is considered as a unique immune-privileged environment allowing a basal immune surveillance under physiological conditions, and restraining potentially deleterious inflammatory reactions in disease states. Nevertheless, an immune response may develop in the CNS during infectious or inflammatory diseases. The inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome affecting the CNS (neuro-IRIS) is a particular setting in which tissue damage may be due to the infectious agent itself, the immune response it has generated, or both. CD8 T cells are key players of the adaptive immune response involved in the pathogenesis of infectious or inflammatory diseases of the CNS. Our first aim was to clarify the role of CD8 T cells in the pathophysiology of IRIS that occurred in HIV-infected patients developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a severe demyelinating disease due to reactivation of the JC polyomavirus. Analysis by histology, immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy of PML-IRIS lesions shows the dominance of CD8 T cells, among which a cytotoxic subset engaged JC virus infected oligodendrocytes. During PML-IRIS, the CD8 T cell response is beneficial in controlling JC virus infection, at the cost of increased destruction of infected oligodendrocytes. These results illustrate the role of CD8 T cells in the clearance of a neurotropic pathogen, but also in the genesis of collateral tissue damage. We then developed a murine model of neuro-IRIS based on the transfer of naive CD8 T cells reactive to a neo-antigen selectively expressed in oligodendrocytes of lymphopenic mice. We show that lymphopenia is necessary but not sufficient to trigger CD8 T cell-mediated CNS tissue damage. Development of neuro-IRIS also requires the overcoming of regulatory mechanisms, and the presence of CNS danger signals. These findings underscore the conditions necessary for the development of CNS tissue damage in a setting of immune recovery. This mouse model will help to test therapeutic strategies relevant for HIV-infected patients suffering from neuro-IRIS, aiming to modulate the deleterious immune reconstitution, without dampening it. The development of CNS tissue damage implies the migration of encephalitogenic cells across the blood-brain barrier. Little is known about adhesion molecules involved in the migration of CD8 T cells to the CNS. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies blocking adhesion molecules or their ligands, we show in a murine model of CNS autoimmunity that migration of CD8 T cells is dependent on the integrin a4ß1. We further suggest that VCAM-1 is probably not the only ligand for a4ß1, and that other molecules may be involved. The identification of additional molecules specifically implicated in the migration of encephalitogenic cell populations may raise the potential for selective control of their trafficking into the brain, preserving better preserve the immune surveillance of the CNS. Ultimately, our work based on observations of neurological inflammation in both animal models and Humans helps to increase the knowledge on the mechanisms of migration and pathogenicity of CD8 T cells in the CNS
Préau, Sébastien. "Implication du cytosquelette dans les dysfonctions myocardiques : exemple de la cardiomyopathie septique". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018473.
Texto completo da fonteTextoris, Julien. "Réponse à l'infection : apport du transcriptome". Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00723077.
Texto completo da fonteDuchateau, Agathe. "Etude de la perturbation précoce des marques épigénétiques dans le cerveau fœtal exposé à l’alcool et de l’implication des voies de réponse au stress". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4764&f=29833.
Texto completo da fonteFetal brain is vulnerable to environmental stress such as prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the leading non-genetic cause of mental retardation. This stress induces a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental defects that are often lately diagnosed. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these defects would help to develop reliable diagnostic tools for the early care of high-risk subjects.HSF2 transcription factor is a major actor of PAE response in the developing brain. Necessary for cortical physiological development, it also leads, in the context of chronic PAE stress, to abnormalities in brain development by changing its genomic targets. In addition, V. Mezger's team has demonstrated, in the embryonic cortex, that HSF2 binds DNMT3A - in a physiological context or following a PAE, DNMT3A being responsible for de novo DNA methylation.Since it has been shown that the methylome profile of adults that were exposed to a PAE stress, is often perturbed, it was conceivable that the DNMT3A/HSF2 interaction, in a stressful context, may, in part, be responsible for this methylome profile modifications. To test this hypothesis, three integrative high-throughput sequencing (NGS) studies were conducted, using cerebral cortices of mouse embryos exposed, or not, to PAE corresponding to a binge drinking alcoholization.ChIP-seq experiments, targeting HSF2 in alcohol-exposed fetal cortices, allowed us to map its binding sites in the genome, and identify 280 HSF2 targets. Most of these target sites are associated with genes involved in brain development or in stress response. Some of these genes are also linked, in the literature, with PAE effects.Few hours after PAE, 432 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between control (PBS treated) or alcohol-treated fetal cortices, using a methylome capture protocol. This analysis required the development of specific bioinformatics tools and approaches. These DMRs are mainly localized in active enhancers of the adult cortex. A high proportion of their associated genes correspond to imprinted genes or genes encoding clustered Protocadherins, both involved in neurodevelopment or brain function, and known to be impacted in adults prenatally exposed to an alcoholic stress. Because their deposition is linked to PAE per se and show some persistence in the postnatal/adut period, this strongly reinforces their potential as biomarkers of exposition. These results indicate that epigenetic ‘scars‘ are deposited very quickly after PAE and suggest, based on the literature, that some of them persist in adults.To estimate the functional consequences of PAE on the developing brain, a study of chromatin accessibility and gene expression over the stress period was conducted in a physiological context, analyzing public data (ENCODE) of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq from unstressed murine prefrontal cortices. This data mining study allowed us counting and identifying the chromatin regions that are differentially opened or closed, as well as the genes that are activated or repressed between the embryonic stages E13 and E16 in the developing cortex. Of note, a proportion of DMRs are significantly associated with chromatin regions whose accessibility varies - under physiological conditions - during the stress period, but also with genes whose expression increases during development, suggesting a particular vulnerability at these dynamic regions of the genome to stress.Our integrative analysis of the different NGS datasets did not reveal any correlation between HSF2 binding sites and the DMRs. However, since HSF2 target sequences contain often binding sites of methylome readers or chromatin remodellers, HSF2 might be involved in functional consequences of PAE-induced methylome disturbances, rather than in the establishment of these defects
Née, Laëtitia. "Rôle de l'adénosine dans la survenue de complications hémodynamiques et rythmiques après chirurgie cardiaque sous circulation extra-corporelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0111.
Texto completo da fonteCardiac surgery often requires peri-operative cardiopulmonary bypass (CB). . Gas exchanges and perfusion are provided for the organs excepting the heart, which despite cardioplegia, can display stress signs resulting from an insufficient myocardial protection that generates ischemia. Most common post-surgery complications are the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) often preceded by vasoplegia and auricular fibrillation (AF), most common rhythm disorder. Mechanisms involved are multifactorial but the CB-induced myocardial re-perfusion ischemia seems to play a major role. At a molecular level, adenosine could be a key actor, a ubiquitous glycoside derived from the dephosphorylation of ATP and released by numerous cells in case of oxidative stressor inflammation. Very early marker of hypoxemia and general ischemia, adenosine controls both cardiovascular and immune systems through 4 types of receptors most particularly with a vasodilator effect through the A2A receptor and a pro-arrhythmic effect documented by several fundamental and clinical studies.The objectives of our work were to demonstrate the involvement of adenosine in the appearance of hemodynamic and rhythmic complications in post cardiac surgery under CB and then to assess the interest of caffeine, a nonspecific antagonist of adenosine receptors, in the prevention of AF
Pene, Frédéric. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des cellules dentritiques au cours de l'immunodépression induite par le sepsis". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T002.
Texto completo da fonteSepsis is characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response followed by a complex immunosuppressive state that can favor the emergence of nosocomial infections. Mechanisms that regulate post-infective immunosuppression are largely unknown but may involve dendritic cells (DC) that link innate and adaptive immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are critical determinants of the magnitude of the inflammatory response and are involved in the maturation process of DCs, but their contribution to the development of sepsis-induced immune dysfunction are poorly understood. The aim of this research project was to investigate the role of DCs and TLR-dependent signalling pathways in the regulation of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. For this purpose, we established a "double-hit" murine model through a sublethal polymicrobial sepsis followed by late-onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. In this model, we assessed the role of DCs in the modulation of lung defence towards a secondary infectious insult in post-septic mice. Using knockout mice TLR2-/- , TLR4-/-, TLR2x4-/- et MyD88-/-, we analyzed the relative contribution of TLRs to sepsis-induced defects of DCs and to the host response towards secondary pulmonary infection. In a translational approach, we assessed DC blood counts in septic shock patients and their relations with the development of nosocomial infections. Our results provide new insights in the pathophysiology of post-infective immunosuppression and suggest potential therapeutic applications
Pettersen, Géraldine. "Pantoprazole intraveineux aux soins intensifs pédiatriques: un modèle de pharmacocinétique de population". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2713.
Texto completo da fonteAims : To characterize the pharmacokinetics of intravenous pantoprazole in a paediatric intensive care population and to determine the influence of demographic factors, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hepatic dysfunction and concomitantly used cytochrome (CYP) 2C19 inhibitors on the drug’s pharmacokinetics. Methods : A total of 156 pantoprazole concentrations from 20 patients (aged from 10 days to 16.4 years) at risk for or with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, who received pantoprazole doses ranging from 19.9 to 140.6 mg/1.73m2/day, were analyzed using non compartmental and non linear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM) approaches. Results : The non compartmental results showed that median clearance (CL), apparent volume of distribution and elimination half-life were 0.14 L/h/kg, 0.20 L/kg and 1.7 h, respectively. The best structural model for pantoprazole was a two-compartment model with zero order infusion and first order elimination. Body weight, SIRS, age, hepatic dysfunction and presence of CYP2C19 inhibitors were the significant covariates affecting CL, accounting for 75% of interindividual variability. Only body weight significantly influenced central volume of distribution (Vc). In the final population model, the estimated CL and Vc were 5.28 L/h and 2.22 L, respectively, for a typical five year old child weighing 20 kg. Pantoprazole CL increased with weight and age whereas the presence of SIRS, CYP2C19 inhibitors and hepatic dysfunction, when present separately, significantly decreased pantoprazole CL by 62.3%, 65.8% and 50.5%, respectively. Conclusion : These results provide important information to physicians regarding selection of a starting dose and dosing regimen of pantoprazole for paediatric intensive care patients based on various factors frequently encountered in this population.
Khazoom, François. "Rôle de l’acide urique dans la défaillance d’organes suite au choc hémorragique : une avenue thérapeutique?" Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24497.
Texto completo da fonteWhile hemorrhagic shock is the first cause of early mortality among severe trauma patients, organ failure leads to late mortality and morbidity in this population. Alarmins, molecules released after ischemia-reperfusion, are able to activate local and systemic inflammatory pathways and potentially represent a therapeutic target to minimize organ failure. Uric acid is a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic molecule released after hemorrhagic shock and its role pertaining to organ failure is incompletely studied. The first part of this thesis presents a proof of concept that uric acid plays a key role in liver and intestinal damage in an animal model of hemorrhagic shock; it will be presented in the format of a submitted article. The second part of this thesis presents preliminary data from a prospective observational clinical study evaluating uric acid kinetics in a cohort of trauma patients. Animal study Hemorrhagic shock was induced with blood withdrawal among Wistar rats for a target mean arterial blood pressure of 30-35 mmHg for 60 minutes. Animals were resuscitated with a 1 :1 mix of Ringer Lactate and drawn blood with or without Uricase, a recombinant enzyme that metabolizes uric acid. Results show a statistically significant decrease in hepatocellular damage (plasma AST and ALT), inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-1, Caspase-1) and apoptotic markers (Caspase-3, -8, Bax/BCL-2, pAKT/AKT) among the Uricase group. The intervention on uric acid also prevented increased intestinal permeability and bacterial product (LPS) translocation. Clinical study Twenty patients sustaining major trauma with hemorrhagic shock were prospectively recruited at Montreal Sacré-Cœur Hospital, in the context of a pilot study funded by the FRSQ trauma consortium. Uric acid concentration was determined serially for 7 days after trauma. Feasibility criteria, notably consent rate (95%), sampling observance rate (90% for first sample, 65% for samples every 4 hours, and 73% for samples every 8 hours) were considered acceptable. Uric acid kinetics were reproducible among the entire cohort (R2 = 0.87). The area under the curve was significantly increased among patients with higher sequential organ failure assessment score at 72h (SOFA³6). Conclusions Although mechanisms remain to be elucidated, these studies show that uric acid is an important mediator for the development of organ damage after hemorrhagic shock. This molecule potentially represents a therapeutic target with the ultimate goal of minimizing organ failure after hemorrhagic shock.