Bibliografias temáticas / Symmetry (Physics)

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Symmetry (Physics)"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

1

Wang, Yifeng. "Symmetry and symmetric transformations in mathematical imaging". Theoretical and Natural Science 31, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2024): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20241037.

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The article delves into the intricate relationship between symmetry and mathematical imaging, spanning various mathematical disciplines. Symmetry, a concept deeply ingrained in mathematics, manifests in art, nature, and physics, providing a powerful tool for understanding complex structures. The paper explores three types of symmetriesreflection, rotational, and translationalexemplified through concrete mathematical expressions. Evariste Galoiss Group Theory emerges as a pivotal tool, providing a formal framework to understand and classify symmetric operations, particularly in the roots of polynomial equations. Galois theory, a cornerstone of modern algebra, connects symmetries, permutations, and solvability of equations. Group theory finds practical applications in cryptography, physics, and coding theory. Sophus Lie extends group theory to continuous spaces with Lie Group Theory, offering a powerful framework for studying continuous symmetries. Lie groups find applications in robotics and control theory, streamlining the representation of transformations. Benoit Mandelbrots fractal geometry, introduced in the late 20th century, provides a mathematical framework for understanding complex, self-similar shapes. The applications of fractal geometry range from computer graphics to financial modeling. Symmetrys practical applications extend to data visualization and cryptography. The article concludes by emphasizing symmetrys foundational role in physics, chemistry, computer graphics, and beyond. A deeper understanding of symmetry not only enriches perspectives across scientific disciplines but also fosters interdisciplinary collaborations, unveiling hidden order and structure in the natural and designed world. The exploration of symmetry promises ongoing discoveries at the intersection of mathematics and diverse fields of study.
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2

Iachello, F. "Symmetry in physics". European Physical Journal A 20, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2003-10193-0.

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3

Osborne, I. S. "PHYSICS: Stimulated Symmetry". Science 317, n.º 5846 (28 de setembro de 2007): 1834d—1835d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5846.1834d.

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4

Barone, M., e A. K. Theophilou. "Symmetry and symmetry breaking in modern physics". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 104 (1 de março de 2008): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/104/1/012037.

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5

Kosso, Peter. "Symmetry arguments in physics". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 30, n.º 3 (setembro de 1999): 479–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-3681(99)00012-6.

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6

Green, HS. "A Cyclic Symmetry Principle in Physics". Australian Journal of Physics 47, n.º 1 (1994): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph940025.

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Many areas of modern physics are illuminated by the application of a symmetry principle, requiring the invariance of the relevant laws of physics under a group of transformations. This paper examines the implications and some of the applications of the principle of cyclic symmetry, especially in the areas of statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, including quantized field theory. This principle requires invariance under the transformations of a finite group, which may be a Sylow 7r-group, a group of Lie type, or a symmetric group. The utility of the principle of cyclic invariance is demonstrated in finding solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation that include and generalize known solutions. It is shown that the Sylow 7r-groups have other uses, in providing a basis for a type of generalized quantum statistics, and in parametrising a new generalization of Lie groups, with associated algebras that include quantized algebras.
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Boi, Luciano. "Symmetry and Symmetry Breaking in Physics: From Geometry to Topology". Symmetry 13, n.º 11 (5 de novembro de 2021): 2100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112100.

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Symmetry (and group theory) is a fundamental principle of theoretical physics. Finite symmetries, continuous symmetries of compact groups, and infinite-dimensional representations of noncompact Lie groups are at the core of solid physics, particle physics, and quantum physics, respectively. The latter groups now play an important role in many branches of mathematics. In more recent years, we have been faced with the impact of topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Topology and symmetry have deep connections, but topology is inherently broader and more complex. While the presence of symmetry in physical phenomena imposes strong constraints, topology seems to be related to low-energy states and is very likely to provide information about the different dynamical trajectories and patterns that particles can follow. For example, regarding the relationship of topology to low-energy states, Hodge’s theory of harmonic forms shows that the zero-energy states (for differential forms) correspond to the cohomology. Regarding the relationship of topology to particle trajectories, a topological knot can be seen as an orbit with complex properties in spacetime. The various deformations or embeddings of the knot, performed in low or high dimensions, allow defining different equivalence classes or topological types, and interestingly, it is possible from these types to study the symmetries associated with the deformations and their changes. More specifically, in the present work, we address two issues: first, that quantum geometry deforms classical geometry, and that this topological deformation may produce physical effects that are specific to the quantum physics scale; and second, that mirror symmetry and the phenomenon of topological change are closely related. This paper was aimed at understanding the conceptual and physical significance of this connection.
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HOURI, TSUYOSHI. "KILLING–YANO SYMMETRY IN SUPERGRAVITY THEORIES". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 21 (janeiro de 2013): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009483.

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Killing–Yano symmetry has played an important role in the study of black hole physics. In supergravity theories, Killing–Yano symmetry is deformed by the presence of the fluxes which can be identified with skew-symmetric torsion. Therefore, we attempt to classify spacetimes admitting Killing-Yano symmetry with torsion. In particular, the classification problem of metrics admitting a principal Killing–Yano tensor with torsion is discussed.
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Faraoni, Valerio. "Turnaround physics beyond spherical symmetry". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2156, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2156/1/012017.

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Abstract The concept of turnaround radius in an accelerating universe is generalized to arbitrarily large deviations from spherical symmetry, as needed by astronomy. As a check, previous results for small deviations from spherical symmetry are recovered.
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Bahri, C., J. Draayer e S. Moszkowski. "Pseudospin symmetry in nuclear physics". Physical Review Letters 68, n.º 14 (abril de 1992): 2133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.68.2133.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

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Patt, Brian Lawrence. "Higgs family symmetry and supersymmetry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36397.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
In this thesis we investigate building models of family symmetry that give the Higgs fields family structure. We construct several models, starting with 2 generation models then moving onto 3 generation models. These models are described sequentially in chapters 2 through 6. All of these models are supersymmetric and they did not previously exists in the literature. In these models, quark (and lepton) masses and mixings are determined the vacuum expectation values of the family sector. These vacuum expectation values (VEV) can have a hierarchal structure because they correspond to flat directions of a superpotential. At low energies these models contain just one light pair of Higgs fields. Experimentally, the most interesting feature of these models are couplings between the low energy Higgs and moduli of the family sector. These couplings should be observable at the Large Hadron Collider.
by Brian Lawrence Patt.
Ph.D.
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2

Jing, Li Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Physical symmetry enhanced neural networks". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128294.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, February, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-99).
Artificial Intelligence (AI), widely considered "the fourth industrial revolution", has shown its potential to fundamentally change our world. Today's AI technique relies on neural networks. In this thesis, we propose several physical symmetry enhanced neural network models. We first developed unitary recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that solve gradient vanishing and gradient explosion problems. We propose an efficient parametrization method that requires [sigma] (1) complexity per parameter. Our unitary RNN model has shown optimal long-term memory ability. Next, we combine the above model with a gated mechanism. This model outperform popular recurrent neural networks like long short-term memory (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units (GRUs) in many sequential tasks. In the third part, we develop a convolutional neural network architecture that achieves logarithmic scale complexity using symmetry breaking concepts. We demonstrate that our model has superior performance on small image classification tasks. In the last part, we propose a general method to extend convolutional neural networks' inductive bias and embed other types of symmetries. We show that this method improves prediction performance on lens-distorted image
by Li Jing.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics
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3

Yang, Xu. "Symmetry and topology in condensed matter physics:". Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109160.

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Thesis advisor: Ying Ran
Recently there has been a surging interest in the topological phases of matter, including the symmetry-protected topological phases, symmetry-enriched topological phases, and topological semimetals. This thesis is aiming at finding new ways of searching and probing these topological phases of matter in order to deepen our understanding of them. The body of the thesis consists of three parts. In the first part, we study the search of filling-enforced topological phases of matter in materials. It shows the existence of symmetry-protected topological phases enforced by special electron fillings or fractional spin per unit-cell. This is an extension of the famous Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem. The original LSM theorem states that the symmetric gapped ground state of the system must exhibit topological order when there's fractional spin or fractional electron filling per unit-cell. However, the LSM theorem can be circumvented when commensurate magnetic flux is present in the system, which enlarge the unit-cells to accommodate integer numbers of electrons. We utilize this point to prove that the ground state of the system must be a symmetry-protected topological phase when magnetic translation symmetry is satisfied, which we coin the name “generalized LSM theorem”. The theorem is proved using two different methods. The first proof is to use the tensor network representation of the ground state wave-function. The second proof consists of a physical argument based on the idea of entanglement pumping. As a byproduct of this theorem, a large class of decorated quantum dimer models are introduced, which satisfy the condition of the generalized LSM theorem and exhibit SPT phases as their ground states. In part II, we switch to the nonlinear response study of Weyl semimetals. Weyl semimetals (WSM) have been discovered in time-reversal symmetric materials, featuring monopoles of Berry’s curvature in momentum space. WSM have been distinguished between Type-I and II where the velocity tilting of the cone in the later ensures a finite area Fermi surface.To date it has not been clear whether the two types results in any qualitatively new phenomena. In this part we focus on the shift-current response ($\sigma_{shift}(\omega)$), a second order optical effect generating photocurrents. We find that up to an order unity constant, $\sigma_{shift}(\omega)\sim \frac{e^3}{h^2}\frac{1}{\omega}$ in Type-II WSM, diverging in the low frequency $\omega\rightarrow 0$ limit. This is in stark contrast to the vanishing behavior ($\sigma_{shift}(\omega)\propto \omega$) in Type-I WSM. In addition, in both Type-I and Type-II WSM, a nonzero chemical potential $\mu$ relative to nodes leads to a large peak of shift-current response with a width $\sim |\mu|/\hbar$ and a height $\sim \frac{e^3}{h}\frac{1}{|\mu|}$, the latter diverging in the low doping limit. We show that the origin of these divergences is the singular Berry’s connections and the Pauli-blocking mechanism. Similar results hold for the real part of the second harmonic generation, a closely related nonlinear optical response. In part III, we propose a new kind of thermo-optical experiment: the nonreciprocal directional dichroism induced by a temperature gradient. The nonreciprocal directional dichroism effect, which measures the difference in the optical absorption coefficient between counterpropagating lights, occurs only in systems lacking inversion symmetry. The introduction of temperature-gradient in an inversion-symmetric system will also yield nonreciprocal directional dichroism effect. This effect is then applied to quantum magnetism, where conventional experimental techniques have difficulty detecting magnetic mobile excitations such as magnons or spinons exclusively due to the interference of phonons and local magnetic impurities. A model calculation is presented to further demonstrate this phenomenon
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
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4

Tan, Jong Anly. "Extra dimensions and electroweak symmetry breaking". W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623558.

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In anticipation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) which is currently scheduled to start operating in September 2009, Particle physicists have developed various models to predict phenomena that may be observed in the LHC data. One of the ideas that have been developed is warped extra dimensions. The S parameter, one of the electroweak precision observables is predicted by experiments to be less than about 0.1. However, most of the models that try to explain the electroweak symmetry breaking without a Higgs Boson have a large S parameter > 0.2.;We study the possibility of reducing the S parameter in a wared extra dimensions scenario. In our models the S parameter is small over a significant region of the parameter space, and may be consistent with experimental bounds.;Since the extra dimensional models are an effective theory at low energy, we then explore the UV completion of extra dimensional models by latticizing the extra dimension. We study a class of supersymmetric models in which certain aspects of the low energy effective theory can be determined exactly. We find that the topology of the extra dimension is determined dynamically and does not always agree with the naive interpretation of the deconstructed model.
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Da, Rold Leandro. "Symmetry breaking in particle physics from extra dimensions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3377.

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Los principios de simetría han jugado un rol fundamental en la comprensión de la naturaleza. Sin embargo en general las simetrías no son exactas, sino que están rotas. El estudio de mecanismos de ruptura de simetrías es una de las áreas más activas de la física actual. En esta tesis se estudia la ruptura de simetrías en teorías con dimensiones extra. La motivación principal es que la física de dimensiones extra provee nuevos mecanismos de ruptura de simetrías. En particular se estudian la ruptura de la simetría quiral de QCD y la ruptura de la simetría electrodébil (EW) del Modelo Estandard (SM).
En cuanto a la simetría quiral de QCD, se propone un modelo efectivo 5D que describe la ruptura quiral en el sector de mesones. Se describen los sectores escalar, pseudoescalar, vectorial y axial de mesones mediante un modelo en espacio curvo 5D. Como QCD en el límite de gran N se trata de un modelo de resonancias débilmente acopladas, motivo por el cual es posible realizar cálculos analíticos. Se predicen las masas, constantes de decaimientos y acoplamientos entre los mesones en términos de los parámetros 5D. También se calculan los parámetros del lagrangiano quiral de piones de QCD. Todas las predicciones coinciden con los resultados experimentales dentro del rango de validez del modelo. Las predicciones son robustas y algunas relaciones son consecuencia de la simetría gauge 5D.
En segundo lugar se estudia la ruptura de la simetría EW en un modelo con un Higgs compuesto en el marco de una teoría 5D en AdS. El modelo da una descripción realista del sector EW. La ruptura EW es un efecto dinámico debido principalmente a contribuciones del top. En una región grande del espacio de parámetros los observables de precisón EW son compatibles con sus cotas experimentales. Además, en el modelo, las desviaciones de la interacción Zbb respecto de las predicciones del SM están protegidas por una simetría. El modelo predice un Higgs liviano cuya masa está correlacionada con la masa de la resonancia fermiónica más ligera. El top Right es esencialmente una partícula compuesta, por lo que se esperan desviaciones respecto del SM en este sector.
Por último se presenta un método para calcular correcciones radiativas en teorías con dimensiones extra. El método es muy útil para separar contribuciones finitas y divergentes.
Symmetry is at the basis of our knowledge of nature. It has been one of the most powerful tools to build our present understanding in theoretical physics. However, there are many symmetries that are only partially observed in nature, they are broken. Much of the current research is directly related with the study and comprehension of symmetry breakdown. This thesis is devoted to the study of symmetry breaking in theories with extra dimensions. In particular we study the breakdown of the chiral symmetry of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the breakdown of the electroweak (EW) symmetry of the Standard Model (SM).
We propose a 5D model to study the chiral symmetry breaking of QCD in the meson sector, in particular the vector, axial-vector, scalar and pseudoscalar. Alike large N QCD this is a model of weakly coupled resonances, we are able to do analytical calculations. We compute the spectrum, decay constants and interactions between the mesons in terms of the 5D parameters of the model. The model also predicts the constants of the low-energy chiral lagrangian of QCD, the quark masses and other physical quantities. We show that, within the range of validity of our model, all the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results. The predictions are robust under modifications of the metric in the IR and some of the relations arise as a consequence of the 5D gauge symmetry.
We describe the EW symmetry breakdown in a composite Higgs model in the framework of a 5D theory. The model is fully realistic and the EW symmetry is broken dynamically by top loop effects. In a large region of the parameter space the EW precision observables are below their experimental bounds. The deviations of the interaction Zbb form the predictions of the SM are protected by a symmetry. Since the 5D model is weakly coupled we are able to compute the Higgs potential. The Higgs mass is small and it is correlated with the mass of the lightest fermionic resonance. The top right is mostly composite and we expect deviations from the SM in this sector.
As most of the calculations have been made at tree level, we develop a winding mode formalism to compute radiative corrections in theories with extra dimensions. The method is very useful to separate finite from divergent contributions.
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Ng, Gim Seng. "Aspects of Symmetry in de Sitter Space". Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11443.

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Wang, Chong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Entangling symmetry and topology in correlated electrons". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99286.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 213-224).
In this thesis, I study a class of exotic quantum matter named Symmetry-Protected Topological (SPT) phases. These are short-range-entangled quantum phases hosting non-trivial states on their boundaries. In the free-fermion limit, they are famously known as Topological Insulators (TI). Huge progress has been made recently in understanding SPT phases beyond free fermions. Here I will discuss three aspects of SPT phases in interacting systems, mostly in three dimensions: (1) Novel SPT phases could emerge in strongly correlated systems, with no non-interacting counterpart. In particular, I will discuss interaction-enabled electron topological insulators, including their classification, construction, characterization and realization. (2) When strong interactions are present, the surface of many SPT phases (including the familiar free fermion topological insulator) can be gapped without breaking any symmetry, at the expense of having intrinsic topological order on the surface. (3) Some topological phases that are non-trivial in the free fermion theory become trivial once strong interactions are introduced. The material of this thesis closely parallels that of Refs. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
by Chong Wang.
Ph. D.
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Lee, Allen S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Symmetry-breaking motility and RNA secondary structures". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34396.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).
This thesis contains work on three separate topics: the spontaneous motility of functionalized particles, the designability of RNA secondary structures, and the statistical mechanics of homopolymer RNAs. For the work on spontaneous motility, we were motivated by in vitro experiments investigating the symmetry-breaking motility of functionalized spherical beads to develop a general theory for the dynamics of a rigid object propelled by an active process at its surface. Starting from a phenomenological expansion for the microscopic dynamics, we derive equations governing the macroscopic velocities of the object near an instability towards spontaneous motion. These equations respect symmetries in the object's shape, with implications for the phase behavior and singularities encountered at a continuous transition between stationary and moving states. Analysis of the velocity fluctuations of such an object reveals that these fluctuations differ qualitatively from those of a passive object. For the work on designability, we investigated RNA folding within a toy model in which RNA bases come in two types and complementary base pairing is favored. Following a geometric formulation of biopolymer folding proposed in the literature, we represent RNA sequences and structures by points in a high-dimensional "contact space." Designability is probed by investigating the distribution of sequence and structure points within this space. We find that one-dimensional projections of the sequence point distribution approach normality with increasing RNA length N.
(cont.) Numerical comparison of the structure point distribution with a Gaussian approximation generated by principal component analysis reveals discrepancies. The third and final project concerns the statistical mechanics of homopolymer RNAs. We compute the asymptotics of the partition function Zn and characterize the crossover length scale governing its approach to its leading asymptotic behavior. Consideration of restricted partition functions in which one or more base pairs are enforced leads to an interesting connection with ideal Gaussian polymers. We introduce the notion of gapped secondary structures and analyze the partition function Z?,) for RNAs of length n with gap at p. Another length scale emerges whose scaling agrees with that of the crossover scale found earlier.
by Allen Lee.
S.M.
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9

Johnson, Samuel Buck. "Enhanced gauge symmetry in 6D F-theory". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104507.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 142-153).
This thesis reports on progress in understanding the set of 6D F-theory vacua. F-theory provides a strikingly clean correspondence between physics and physical quantities and mathematics and geometrical quantities, which allows us to make precise mathematical statements using well defined and understood methods. We present two related results that both serve the following principal goal: to understand the set of 6D F-theory vacua using geometrical methods, and then to compare these to low-energy supergravities. In doing so, we find a near-perfect correspondence between low-energy supergravities that can be obtained from F-theory and field theories that satisfy known low-energy consistency conditions, e.g. anomaly cancellation. However, we will also isolate several cases that we prove can never arise in F-theory yet have no visible lowenergy inconsistencies. The results are presented in two chapters. First, we describe a complete, systematic enumeration of all elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds (EF CY3s) with Hodge number h²,¹ >/= 350; physically, this classifies all F-theory models that lead to low-energy supergravities with >/= 351 neutral hypermultiplets. This result is obtained using global geometric calculations in finitely many, specific geometries. Second, we classify which local geometrical structures, corresponding to combinations of gauge algebras and (potentially shared) matter, can arise in F-theory. This classification is performed using local geometric calculations. This investigation reveals an exceedingly tight correspondence between F-theory models and consistent low-energy supergravities. Indeed, this near-perfect agreement provides a backdrop against which discrepancies between F-theory and low-energy supergravities stand out in sharp contrast. We describe in detail these discrepancies, in which seemingly consistent field theories cannot be described in F-theory. This work has several implications. First, it further refines the understanding of 6D supergravity models in F-theory, which has implications for string universality in 6D. It adds a level of mathematical precision to the study of 6D superconformal field theories (SCFTs) begun in [4, 3], which is a conjecturally complete classification of all 6D SCFTs. Our analysis confirms many of their results, but also explicitly shows that some of their proposed models cannot in fact be realized through their construction. Since our results can be phrased in terms of geometry, they also have implications for the study of EF CY3s. Finally, we discuss the subset of our results that hold in 4D F-theory as well, where they provide additional structure in a still difficult-to-constrain landscape.
by Samuel Buck Johnson.
Ph. D.
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10

Chakrabarty, Ayan. "Brownian Motion of Low Symmetry Colloidal Particles". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1397786396.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

1

Schwichtenberg, Jakob. Physics from Symmetry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19201-7.

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2

Schwichtenberg, Jakob. Physics from Symmetry. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66631-0.

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3

Elliott, J. P. Symmetry in physics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

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4

Magdolna, Hargittai. Visual symmetry. Hackensack, N.J: World Scientific, 2009.

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5

1940-, Baum Carl E., e Kritikos H. N, eds. Electromagnetic symmetry. Washington, D.C: Taylor & Francis, 1995.

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6

Strocchi, F. Symmetry breaking. 2a ed. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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7

Strocchi, F. Symmetry breaking. 2a ed. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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8

István, Hargittai. Symmetry: A unifying concept. Bolinas, Calif: Shelter Publications, 1994.

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9

István, Hargittai. Symmetry: A unifying concept. Bolinas,CA: Shelter Publications, 1994.

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10

Henryk, Arodz, Dziarmaga Jocek, Zurek Wojciech Hubert 1951- e NATO Advanced Study Institute on Patterns of Symmetry Breaking (2002 : Kraków, Poland), eds. Patterns of symmetry breaking. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

1

Mainzer, Klaus. "Symmetry". In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 779–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_220.

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2

Bechstedt, Friedhelm. "Symmetry". In Principles of Surface Physics, 1–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55466-7_1.

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Michel, Louis. "Symmetry in Physics". In Symmetrie in Geistes- und Naturwissenschaft, 182–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71452-8_14.

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Kunstatter, Gabor, e Saurya Das. "Symmetry and Physics". In A First Course on Symmetry, Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, 9–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55420-0_2.

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Kunstatter, Gabor, e Saurya Das. "Symmetry and Physics". In A First Course on Symmetry, Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics, 9–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92346-4_2.

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Longo, Giuseppe, e Maël Montévil. "Symmetry and Symmetry Breakings in Physics". In Lecture Notes in Morphogenesis, 121–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35938-5_5.

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Barger, V. "Physics Interest in µ + µ - Colliders". In Unified Symmetry, 165–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1923-2_15.

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Lyre, Holger. "Gauge Symmetry". In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 248–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_76.

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Bonora, Loriano. "Conformal Symmetry". In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 61–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21928-3_3.

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Avery, John, Jens Peder Dahl e V. S. Popov. "Hyperspherical Symmetry". In Dimensional Scaling in Chemical Physics, 139–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1836-1_5.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

1

Ginocchio, Joseph N. "Pseudospin symmetry: A relativistic symmetry in nuclei". In NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN THE 21st CENTURY:International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC 2001. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1470057.

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YAU, SHING-TUNG. "GEOMETRY MOTIVATED BY PHYSICS". In Symmetry and Modern Physics - Yang Retirement Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795083_0008.

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Chen, Ting-Yang, Da-Hsuan Feng, Tan Lu, Kam-Biu Luk, Luke W. Mo, Benjamin C. Shen, Yung-Su Tsai e Fan Wang. "Physics Since Parity Symmetry Breaking". In International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814528504.

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4

Alberico, W. M., e S. Sciuto. "Symmetry & Simplicity in Physics". In Symposium on the Occasion of Sergio Fubini’s 65th Birthday. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814533546.

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Jacobs, W. W., L. D. Knutson, S. E. Vigdor, J. Sowinski, P. L. Jolivette, S. W. Wissink, C. Bloch, R. C. Byrd e C. Whiddon. "Charge symmetry tests: Final charge symmetry violation results from IUCF". In Intersections between particle and nuclear physics. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41520.

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Martínez-Huerta, H. "Lorentz-Violation Constraints with Astroparticle Physics". In Eighth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811213984_0034.

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GINOCCHIO, JOSEPH N. "PSEUDOSPIN SYMMETRY: A RELATIVISTIC SYMMETRY IN NUCLEI". In Proceedings of the 7th International Spring Seminar on Nuclear Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812778383_0025.

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GRANOVSKII, YA I. "META-SYMMETRY". In Proceedings of the Sixth's International School of Theoretical Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811479_0011.

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COURANT, ERNEST D. "POSSIBILITIES FOR SPIN PHYSICS AT HIGH ENERGY". In Symmetry and Modern Physics - Yang Retirement Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795083_0011.

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Ferrari, Alysson Fábio. "Nonminimal Lorentz-Violating Effects in Photon Physics". In Seventh Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813148505_0055.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Symmetry (Physics)"

1

Fuyuto, Kaori. Probing New Physics in Fundamental Symmetry Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2208773.

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Jaros, J. The Proceedings of the 29th SLAC Summer Institute On Particle Physics: Exploring Electroweak Symmetry Breaking (SSI 2001). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maio de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826946.

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Brodsky, Stanley J. Conformal Symmetry as a Template:Commensurate Scale Relations and Physical Renormalization Schemes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junho de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10102.

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Lin, Shizeng. Annual Report on Numerical Study of Skyrmion Physics in inversion-symmetric magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janeiro de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338787.

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Maydykovskiy, Igor. Consciousness as a new form of the matter’s state. Intellectual Archive, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2555.

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The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.
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Smith, Donald L., Denise Neudecker e Roberto Capote Noy. Investigation of the Effects of Probability Density Function Kurtosis on Evaluated Data Results. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, maio de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.yxma-3y50.

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In two previous investigations that are documented in this IAEA report series, we examined the effects of non-Gaussian, non-symmetric probability density functions (PDFs) on the outcomes of data evaluations. Most of this earlier work involved considering just two independent input data values and their respective uncertainties. They were used to generate one evaluated data point. The input data are referred to, respectively, as the mean value and standard deviation pair (y0,s0) for a prior PDF p0(y) and a second mean value and standard deviation pair (ye,se) for a likelihood PDF pe(y). Conceptually, these input data could be viewed as resulting from theory (subscript “0”) and experiment (subscript “e”). In accordance with Bayes Theorem, the evaluated mean value and standard deviation pair (ysol,ssol) corresponds to the posterior PDF p(y) which is related to p0(y) and pe(y) by p(y) = Cp0(y)pe(y). The prior and likelihood PDFs are both assumed to be normalized so that they integrate to unity for all y ≥ 0. Negative values of y are viewed as non-physical so they are not permitted. The product function p0(y)pe(y) is not normalized, so a positive multiplicative constant C is required to normalize p(y). In the earlier work, both normal (Gaussian) and lognormal functions were considered for the prior PDF. The likelihood functions were all taken to be Gaussians. Gaussians are symmetric, with zero skewness, and they always possess a fixed kurtosis of 3. Lognormal functions are inherently skewed, with widely varying values of skewness and kurtosis that depend on the function parameters. In order to explore the effects of kurtosis, distinct from skewness, the present work constrains the likelihood function to be Gaussian, and it considers three distinct, inherently symmetric prior PDF types: Gaussian (kurtosis = 3), Continuous Uniform (kurtosis = 1.8), and Laplace (kurtosis = 6). A product of two Gaussians produces a Gaussian even if ye ≠ y0. The product of a Gaussian PDF and a Uniform PDF, or a Laplace PDF, yields a symmetric PDF with zero skewness only when ye = y0. A pure test of the effect of kurtosis on an evaluation is provided by considering combinations of s0 and se with ye = y0. The present work also investigates the extent to which p(y) exhibits skewness when ye ≠ y0, again by considering various values for s0 and se. The Bayesian results from numerous numerical examples have been compared with corresponding least-squares solutions in order to arrive at some general conclusions regarding how the evaluated result (ysol,ssol) depends on various combinations of the input data y0, s0, ye, and se as well as on prior-likelihood PDF combinations: Gaussian-Gaussian, Uniform-Gaussian, and Laplace-Gaussian.
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Smith, Donald L., Denise Neudecker e Roberto Capote Noy. Investigation of the Effects of Probability Density Function Kurtosis on Evaluated Data Results. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, maio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.nqsh-f02d.

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In two previous investigations that are documented in this IAEA report series, we examined the effects of non-Gaussian, non-symmetric probability density functions (PDFs) on the outcomes of data evaluations. Most of this earlier work involved considering just two independent input data values and their respective uncertainties. They were used to generate one evaluated data point. The input data are referred to, respectively, as the mean value and standard deviation pair (y0,s0) for a prior PDF p0(y) and a second mean value and standard deviation pair (ye,se) for a likelihood PDF pe(y). Conceptually, these input data could be viewed as resulting from theory (subscript “0”) and experiment (subscript “e”). In accordance with Bayes Theorem, the evaluated mean value and standard deviation pair (ysol,ssol) corresponds to the posterior PDF p(y) which is related to p0(y) and pe(y) by p(y) = Cp0(y)pe(y). The prior and likelihood PDFs are both assumed to be normalized so that they integrate to unity for all y ≥ 0. Negative values of y are viewed as non-physical so they are not permitted. The product function p0(y)pe(y) is not normalized, so a positive multiplicative constant C is required to normalize p(y). In the earlier work, both normal (Gaussian) and lognormal functions were considered for the prior PDF. The likelihood functions were all taken to be Gaussians. Gaussians are symmetric, with zero skewness, and they always possess a fixed kurtosis of 3. Lognormal functions are inherently skewed, with widely varying values of skewness and kurtosis that depend on the function parameters. In order to explore the effects of kurtosis, distinct from skewness, the present work constrains the likelihood function to be Gaussian, and it considers three distinct, inherently symmetric prior PDF types: Gaussian (kurtosis = 3), Continuous Uniform (kurtosis = 1.8), and Laplace (kurtosis = 6). A product of two Gaussians produces a Gaussian even if ye ≠ y0. The product of a Gaussian PDF and a Uniform PDF, or a Laplace PDF, yields a symmetric PDF with zero skewness only when ye = y0. A pure test of the effect of kurtosis on an evaluation is provided by considering combinations of s0 and se with ye = y0. The present work also investigates the extent to which p(y) exhibits skewness when ye ≠ y0, again by considering various values for s0 and se. The Bayesian results from numerous numerical examples have been compared with corresponding least-squares solutions in order to arrive at some general conclusions regarding how the evaluated result (ysol,ssol) depends on various combinations of the input data y0, s0, ye, and se as well as on prior-likelihood PDF combinations: Gaussian-Gaussian, Uniform-Gaussian, and Laplace-Gaussian.
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8

Smith, D. L., D. Neudecker e R. Capote Noy. Investigation of the Effects of Probability Density Function Kurtosis on Evaluated Data Results. IAEA Nuclear Data Section, maio de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.3ar5-xmp8.

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Resumo:
In two previous investigations that are documented in this IAEA report series, we examined the effects of non-Gaussian, non-symmetric probability density functions (PDFs) on the outcomes of data evaluations. Most of this earlier work involved considering just two independent input data values and their respective uncertainties. They were used to generate one evaluated data point. The input data are referred to, respectively, as the mean value and standard deviation pair (y0,s0) for a prior PDF p0(y) and a second mean value and standard deviation pair (ye,se) for a likelihood PDF pe(y). Conceptually, these input data could be viewed as resulting from theory (subscript “0”) and experiment (subscript “e”). In accordance with Bayes Theorem, the evaluated mean value and standard deviation pair (ysol,ssol) corresponds to the posterior PDF p(y) which is related to p0(y) and pe(y) by p(y) = Cp0(y)pe(y). The prior and likelihood PDFs are both assumed to be normalized so that they integrate to unity for all y ≥ 0. Negative values of y are viewed as non-physical so they are not permitted. The product function p0(y)pe(y) is not normalized, so a positive multiplicative constant C is required to normalize p(y). In the earlier work, both normal (Gaussian) and lognormal functions were considered for the prior PDF. The likelihood functions were all taken to be Gaussians. Gaussians are symmetric, with zero skewness, and they always possess a fixed kurtosis of 3. Lognormal functions are inherently skewed, with widely varying values of skewness and kurtosis that depend on the function parameters. In order to explore the effects of kurtosis, distinct from skewness, the present work constrains the likelihood function to be Gaussian, and it considers three distinct, inherently symmetric prior PDF types: Gaussian (kurtosis = 3), Continuous Uniform (kurtosis = 1.8), and Laplace (kurtosis = 6). A product of two Gaussians produces a Gaussian even if ye ≠ y0. The product of a Gaussian PDF and a Uniform PDF, or a Laplace PDF, yields a symmetric PDF with zero skewness only when ye = y0. A pure test of the effect of kurtosis on an evaluation is provided by considering combinations of s0 and se with ye = y0. The present work also investigates the extent to which p(y) exhibits skewness when ye ≠ y0, again by considering various values for s0 and se. The Bayesian results from numerous numerical examples have been compared with corresponding least-squares solutions in order to arrive at some general conclusions regarding how the evaluated result (ysol,ssol) depends on various combinations of the input data y0, s0, ye, and se as well as on prior-likelihood PDF combinations: Gaussian-Gaussian, Uniform-Gaussian, and Laplace-Gaussian.
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