Teses / dissertações: "Sustainable development"

1

Hans, Robert von Rettig. "Thriving on sustainable development : sustainable autopoietic organisations". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2013. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8yzz7/thriving-on-sustainable-development-sustainable-autopoietic-organisations.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This doctoral thesis theorises on how business organisations have reacted to the legal principle of Sustainable Development. The proposition is that Sustainable Development is an event-driven principle of becoming where the present depends both on the organisation’s environment and its internal operations. The starting point of the research is the observing of decisions made in relation to Sustainable Development covering a period of around ten years. This is based on four distinctions resulting in a structural, processual, motivational and functional understanding of the organisations in question. The theoretical framework is based on Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems, emphasising his theory of organisations, contributing new knowledge on how organisations react to their environment, the consequence of a-centricity, poly-contexturality and the un- steerability of society. Firstly, the thesis demonstrates that, for the companies involved, Sustainable Development has resulted in a better use of resources, both natural and human and consequently capital. Secondly, the result cannot be attributed only to internal industry decisions but significantly also to the direct or indirect involvement of NGOs and other irritants. Thirdly, Sustainable Development can be highly attributed to law but when the environment of law is not satisfied, rules of behaviour outside the legal framework are created by organisations such as NGOs. The research shows that Sustainable Development is not a recipe for success in itself but, without it, long-term profit is not possible. There is a structural coupling between NGOs, businesses and legislators and this can be seen in the way they communicate with each other. It is clear that although relevant, law is not the only mechanism and, in some cases, not even the best. Rather than forcing businesses into a specific legal framework the best available solution, consistent with theory and application, is for business organisations to reduce difference between themselves and their environment through self-steering when it comes to Sustainable Development and to increase difference when it comes to organisational differentiation.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Mekonin, Abere. "Human Rights and Sustainable Development Law : Sustainabale Development Law :The Path to Sustainable Peace". Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6568.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This paper considers the fast changing developments and changes in relation to sustainable development law with its three pillars, and the needs of international development. The focus of the analysis is on the connection between international economic, international social and international environmental law which constitute sustainable development law at their intersection point, and will show how they can be the paths to sustainable peace. As sustainable development law is emerging as international concern, the qualitative approach of this paper will show its pillars separately and their connection under different conditions. This paper also demonstrates that this approach is gaining ground in the literature, and it contends that it is a more appropriate way of addressing the problems of economic, social and environmental. In support of this argument, the paper looks initially how sustainable development law fits to be the path to sustainable peace within the contemporary world which is full of economic, social and environmental conflicts. Secondly, it provides a theoretical framework how sustainable development law with its pillars can lead the world to sustainable peace. Thirdly, the three pillars, (-international economic law, international social law and international environmental law-), will be elaborated in relation to their intersection and sustainable development law.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Bezugla, K. "Sustainable economic development". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45272.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Sustainable development is an organizing principle for human life on a finite planet. It posits a desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use meet human needs without undermining the sustainability of natural systems and the environment, so that future generations may also have their needs met.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Zaratuiko, I. V. "Sustainable economic development". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45360.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Today I would like to write you about economic development. To my mind, economic development refers to the sustained, concerted actions of communities and policymakers that improve the standard of living and economic health of a specific locality. Also, development of the economic system is a profound qualitative change in its composition, relationships and function. Economic development involves development of human capital, increasing the literacy ratio, improve important infrastructure, improvement of health and safety and others areas that aims at increasing the general welfare of the citizens.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Лисиця, Віра Іванівна, Вера Ивановна Лисица e Vira Ivanivna Lysytsia. "Sustainable energy development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8250.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Kapatus, N. "Sustainable development goals". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64825.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

It is incrеаsingly rеcognizеd thаt humаn rights plаy аn importаnt rolе in еnsuring sustаinаblе dеvеlopmеnt. Thе Millеnnium Dеvеlopmеnt Goаls (MDGs) sеrvеd аs vеhiclеs for somе еconomic аnd sociаl rights, but ignorеd othеr importаnt humаn rights issuеs. In contrаst, thе nеw аmbitious univеrsаl dеvеlopmеnt progrаm Thе Аgеndа for Sustаinаblе Dеvеlopmеnt until 2030 fully еmbodiеs thе principlеs аnd stаndаrds of humаn rights.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Marin, M. "Sustainable economic development". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45281.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

There are many definitions of sustainable development, including this landmark one which first appeared in 1987: "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."— from the World Commission on Environment and Development’s (the Brundtland Commission) report Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987). Increasingly, “green,” “sustainable,” or “low-carbon” development is seen as a pathway to economic recovery, resilience, and prosperity. A growing number of cities and regions are recognizing that their climate, energy, and economic development goals and agendas are parts of the same whole. The interest in sustainable economic development and the “clean economy” has gained increasing attention in recent years.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Maksymeno, I. "Sustainable economic development". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45230.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The domain of 'economics' is fundamental to considerations of sustainable development, however there has been considerable criticism of the tendency to use the three-domain model of the triple bottom line: economics, environment and social. This approach is challenged to the extent that it treats the economy as the master domain, or as a domain that exists outside of the social; it treats the environment as a world of natural metrics; and it treats the social as a miscellaneous collection of extra things that do not fit into the economic or environmental domains (see the section on Economic sustainability below). In the alternative Circles of Sustainability approach, the economic domain is defined as the practices and meanings associated with the production, use, and management of resources, where the concept of ‘resources’ is used in the broadest sense of that word.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Deakin, Mark. "Sustainable urban development". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2011. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4660.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This submission for PhD by publication aims to capture, reflect upon, analyse and offer critical insights into how the use of land and exchange of property can help serve the search for sustainable urban development (SUD). This aim is subsequently met by: • hypothesising how the applicant's publications provide a representation of SUD able to get beyond the state-of-the-art and offer a conceptual framework capable of uncovering the positive role land and property can play in sustaining urban development; • reviewing the research undertaken by the applicant to define SUD and develop a framework for analysis, set of protocols and directory of assessment methods to evaluate the sustainability of urban development; • highlighting the possibility there is for the valuation methodologies and investment appraisal techniques underlying the use of land and exchange of property, to be constructive in terms of the relationship their corporate strategies and financial instruments have to the environment; • illustrating how it is possible to compute the informational basis of property management and draw upon the intelligence this offers cities to develop electronically-enhanced services underpinned by e-learning platforms, knowledge management systems and digital libraries, capable of supporting environmental improvements; • showing how the environmental improvements that surface from such developments in turn support the community-based approach to urban regeneration which underlies the UK government's socially-inclusive and participatory venture into ecological modernisation and democratic renewal; • providing examples of where the management of property by cities is intelligent, not only because the environmental improvement supporting their community-based approach to urban regeneration are socially-inclusive and participatory, but for the reason the ecological modernisation and process of democratic renewal underlying these developments meet the sustainability requirement; • reflecting on the contribution this representation of SUD as informational, intelligent, socially-inclusive, participatory, community-based, regenerative, ecological and democratic, makes to what is known and understood about the subject. Together these positive, analytical and constructive examinations of SUD augment into the informational basis of property management and surface as the corporate strategies and financial instruments of the electronically-enhanced service models needed for cities to be intelligent. In particular, the strategies, instruments and eGov(ernment) service models, cities need to be intelligent in valuing the environment and accounting for the socially-inclusive, participatory, community-based, regenerative, ecological and democratic qualities underlying their improvement programmes.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Phillips, Christine Ann. "Sustainable place : a place of sustainable development". Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286932.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

11

Langer, Markus E. "Evaluation of sustainable development. An integrated referential framework for sustainable development". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2002. http://epub.wu.ac.at/904/1/document.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Sustainable development is determined by a combination of top-down policy objectives, bottom-up interests as well as theoretical and scientific input. To date there has not yet emerged a system of reference to integrate these aspects. This lack of a framework poses severe problems for the implementation and the evaluation of sustainable development. This paper, which was funded by the Austrian Science Fund, illustrates the importance of a system of reference for the implementation and evaluation of initiatives for sustainable development and describes the framework developed by the "Research Focus Managing Sustainability" of the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. The development of the framework is founded on the definition and delimitation of sustainable development from various perspectives and disciplines, on workshops with experts, on case studies of Local Agenda 21 (LA21) projects and on literature-analysis. The framework accounts for the wide range of notions of sustainable development in a systematic way and provides orientation through the aspects of sustainable development (scope) and the requirements associated therewith (depth). With regard to the implementation of sustainable development, the framework helps to match the demands and expectations on sustainable development that exist on different policy levels. As a means to focus consensus-based processes of local sustainable development policies, the framework makes the concept of sustainable development more operational. Concerning evaluations of Local Agenda 21 initiatives, a meta-analysis in Austria shows that project managers, evaluators and clients apply different systems of reference according to their view of sustainable development. The framework provides a tool to explicitly point out different approaches of sustainable development and thus facilitates discussion and harmonization towards a common system of reference. Furthermore, the framework makes it easier to identify strengths and weaknesses of sustainable development initiatives, clarify missing aspects and possible directions of further improvement. (author's abstract)
Series: WU-Jahrestagung 2002

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

12

Heslop, Vivienne Rosemary. "Sustainable capacity : building institutional capacity for sustainable development". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5905.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The task of converting the rhetoric of sustainable development to real action and change is one that poses significant challenges for local and central government agencies. The complexity of this task is compounded by the increasing acceptance that the impediments to advancing the sustainable development agenda are largely institutional. This thesis argues that, unless explicit consideration is given to understanding institutional change for sustainable development and the ways in which it can be enabled, little progress is likely to be made. This thesis sets out to examine the contribution of building institutional capacity in enabling institutional change for sustainable development. In doing so it starts by developing conceptual frameworks for both institutional capacity and institutional change. The institutional capacity framework illustrates the integrated nature of capacity building for progressing sustainable development, and the conceptual framework of institutional change is designed to help agencies understand the complexity and holistic nature of institutional change. These conceptual frameworks were developed initially from an analysis of empirical material relating to the institutional issues associated with advancing sustainable development and were informed by the theoretical perspectives provided by new institutionalism and capacity building. Further refinement of the conceptual frameworks was possible by using a case study of a multi-agency public sector sustainable development initiative in the Auckland region of New Zealand. Analysis of interviews revealed that the building of institutional capacity is enmeshed with institutional change for sustainable development. The failure to understand the ii integrated and holistic nature of capacity building has an impact on the success of multi-agency public sector initiatives seeking to change current policy and practice. From the case study and further analysis of the empirical and theoretical literature it was possible to develop a set of institutional design principles that incorporate the conceptual frameworks and seek to make them applicable for the design of multiagency initiatives. These institutional design principles were tested and refined through further interviews with case study participants, resulting in the development of a process for designing and implementing multi-agency public sector sustainable development initiatives. The design process embeds the conceptual frameworks for institutional capacity and institutional change, and demonstrates that the task of progressing sustainable development is a process of change and can be enabled by a focus on applying the institutional design principles developed through this research. It is critical, first, that design of new initiatives takes account of the existing institutional landscape and identifies the necessary shifts in each dimension of institutions to ensure institutional change, makes as much use of existing structures as possible, is clear on the purpose of the initiative, specifies the extent of coordination sought between agencies and identifies specific mechanisms to steer integration. The second key component of institutional design is the identification of the institutional capacities required to support the institutional change sought from the initiative, their development during the course of an initiative, and the incorporation of evaluation and reflection as a key element of the process of implementation. iii The findings of this research contribute to our understanding of the capacities required to facilitate institutional change and the elements of institutional design that can shape efforts by the public sector to advance sustainable development.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

13

Chen, Ran, Amela Karahasonovic e Ndobowah Irene Napeiga. "Sustainable development by force? Stakeholder influence and strategic response towards sustainable development". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26870.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Earlier, sustainable development was perceived as a hindrance to economic growth. This seems not to be the case today because strategies towards sustainable development are becoming more common, especially in nonprofit organizations. Sustainable development is about creation of strategies that include wellbeing of present and next generations. This shows that it is important for today’s organizations to be sustainable. However, stakeholders have a part to play in this since they are capable of influencing organizations towards sustainable development. To these influences organizations respond either in a proactive or defensive way. As a result the purpose of this study is to investigate the stakeholders’ influences on sustainable development in a nonprofit organization and how this nonprofit organization responds to these influences strategically. After looking at previous literature about relevant concepts, three research questions were formulated. This study is a case study where in five in-depth interviews have been carried in a Swedish nonprofit organization with an ongoing project about sustainable development. In the course of the study it became clear that there are several important aspects to consider when thriving for sustainability. Furthermore, some stakeholder groups possess more power to influence sustainable development and the organizational response might not have to be exclusively proactive or defensive. Lastly results of this study show that important identified factors of sustainability in this organization are economic, environmental and social. The internal stakeholders are the ones influencing sustainable development in this particular organization and the organization responds by creation of proactive strategies.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

14

Vikhrov, D. Y. "Preparing a national sustainable development stragedy: managing sustainable development commission in Ukraine". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19900.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

15

Yiu, Wai-hang Jenny. "Sustainable development in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23295740.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

16

Sundvall, David, e Pontus Åberg. "Sustainable Clothes Development : The Development of a Model for Production of Sustainably Produced Clothing". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62091.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

If you are living in Sweden, you´re likely to consume around 15 kg textile every year (Palm, 2011). Of those 15 kg, 10.5 kg are most likely produced in Asia (IPCC, 2014). When producing textile, greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane are emitted. These greenhouse gases are a big cause for the global warming and are having a direct effect on people. 17% of all deaths in China 2015 could be correlated to polluted air (Rohde & Muller, 2015). If people knew the consequences of their consumption it´s in our opinion that they would consume less. More awareness leads to less consumption and ultimately less destruction. Organizations/corporations try to get people to understand but the message doesn’t seem to reach out quite strong enough. In this thesis another approach is investigated. The approach is about spreading a message through sustainable produced clothes with an appealing design, and encouraging consumption. By choosing our sustainable clothes instead of other non-sustainable options the consumer helps solving a social problem, which the (appealing) design is inspired of. The design is not only appealing but also designed to educate the consumer which leads to a more aware person who consumes less. We have worked with and Agile Iterative process which enable us to quickly see results and make changes. The project started with a goal to produce fictive clothes with our approach in mind. This goal was changed along the process and the final result ended up as a model. The model guides the user through two major parts. Part One is to enable a sustainable base for the production of the product where one step is to find a social problem. Part Two is an iterative process which uses the social problem established in Step One as a source of inspiration when designing the product itself. The model encourages the user to iterate the product design process around different aspects of the product. The model can be used by itself as well as a part of a developing process. Our recommendations for further work is to develop the model so it can be used for other types of products.
Om du bor I Sverige så konsumerar du troligtvis ca 15 kg textilier per år (Palm, 2011). Av dessa 15 kg så är 10.5 kg producerat i Asien (IPCC, 2014). Vid produktion av textilier släpps miljöfarliga växthusgaser ut. Utsläppen består mestadels av koldioxid och metan och bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen och har en direkt påverkan på människor. I Kina kunde 17% av alla dödsfall registrerade 2015 relateras till förorenad luft (Rohde & Muller, 2015). Om människor visste konsekvenserna av deras konsumtion så skulle de i vår mening konsumera smartare och mindre. Mer medvetna konsumenter leder till mindre konsumtion och i slutändan mindre förstörelse. Det finns organisationer som försöker få människor att förstå och agera men budskapet verkar inte nå ut starkt nog. I detta examensarbete har en annan vinkel undersökts. Vinkeln handlar om att sprida ett budskap genom globalt och humant hållbart producerade kläder med attraktiv design som uppmuntrar till konsumtion. Genom att välja dessa hållbara kläder istället för andra icke-hållbara alternativ hjälper konsumenterna också ett utvalt samhällsproblem som designen är inspirerad av. Designen är inte bara attraktiv utan är även utformad för att utbilda konsumenten vilket leder till en mer medveten person som konsumerar mindre. Vi har arbetat med en Agil iterativ process vilket har låtit oss snabbt se resultat och göra ändringar. Projektet startade med ett mål att skapa fiktiva kläder som var designade kring ett samhällsproblem dit en del av försäljningsvinsten skulle gå till att försöka hjälpa. Denna vision ändrades under projektets gång och resultatet av projektet blev till slut en modell som kan användas vid produktutveckling av kläder. Modellen guidar användaren genom två faser. I den första fasen skapas en grund för hållbar produktion, den hjälper även användaren välja ett socialt problem som designen senare baseras på. Den andra fasen är iterativ process där själva produktutvecklingen äger rum. Modellen uppmanar användaren att iterera designprocessen kring olika designaspekter som fokuserar på en utbildande design. Modellen kan användas för individuellt eller som ett komplement i utvecklingsarbete. Vid fortsatt arbete skulle modellen kunna göras om för att passa andra typer av produkter.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

17

samier, suha, e Liang Qian. "Sustainable development in SMEs". Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10062.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Nowadays, corporate responsibility is not only an issue for large international corporations but also for small- medium sized enterprise (SMEs) with limited resources and less market power. However sustainable development is not a compulsory lesson for SMEs to take, but it is one of the market approaches for a company to thrive and survive. As Donckels represented (1997) that entrepreneurship of SMEs do all their strength to be on its way to the next millennium. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and understand how sustainable business approaches can influence and enhance SMEs development despite of their barriers and limitations which are associated with their day to day management. For that reason, researchers are aiming to analyze closely and get pragmatic insight into the three dimensions of sustainable development (social, environmental, economic) and how the interaction among these three dimensions will benefit SMEs as a whole.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

18

Gariup, Laura. "Essays in Sustainable Development". Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-71442.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

19

Marzen, Veneta. "Governance and sustainable development". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296113.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

20

Charlesworth, Mark Edwin. "Sustainable development : transdisciplinary solutions". Thesis, Keele University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545748.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

21

Prokopenko, Olha, Samuel Chayen e Viktoriya Bozhkova. "Peace and sustainable development". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10079.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

22

Voitsekhovska, Yevhenia, e Yulia Polikarpova. "Sustainable development in Ukraine". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10282.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

23

Родимченко, Анжеліка Олексіївна, Анжелика Алексеевна Родимченко e Anzhelika Oleksiivna Rodymchenko. "Sustainable development of regional". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31718.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Industrial development, production, and increasing number of transport in the Ukrainian regions improves logistics burden, carrying a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, the main condition for socio-ecological-economic development of Ukraine is to maintain an optimal level of environmental load by optimizing logistics flows in the regions. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31718

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

24

Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник e Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk. "Education for sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7976.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Knowledge - outlook - skills. This triad is the basis of any educational cycle, and determines a key framework of forms and methods of education. Each component of the triad contributes to the reproduction of two others. Finally, the triad mentioned is to realize three conditions of a human being: to know, want, and be able to do something. To know means to want, to want means to be able. Any skill reproduces needs for a new knowledge, and the cycle repeats on a new qualitative basis. When it deals with sustainable development (SD) the problem is that this cycle for each human of the Earth would be reproduced constantly. When a human being is getting older, this cycle should be realized automatically (in particular, due to human self-training processes). When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7976

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

25

Прокопенко, Ольга Володимирівна, Ольга Владимировна Прокопенко, Olha Volodymyrivna Prokopenko, Самуель Чейн, Самуэль Чейн, Samuel Chayen, Вікторія Вікторівна Божкова, Виктория Викторовна Божкова e Viktoriia Viktorivna Bozhkova. "Peace and sustainable development". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/68036.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

26

Cherniakov, Vikentii, e Vadym Hetman. "Sustainable development and noosphere". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12806.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The system approach to the analysis of the phenomena in nature and society have developed intensively for many decades. Usually in the theory of stability the difficult multidimensional system is understand as the system approach, and the scientific information can be integrated without distortion in relatively simple model that showing (sometimes using mathematical tools) origin and development of separate processes. We will select three main methods in constructing of models of steady development: resource, biosphere and integrative. All of them are based on single philosophical and natural-science foundation. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12806

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

27

Yamashita, Shihomi. "Community-Based Associations for Sustainable Tourism Development : Fostering Sustainable Development in Developing Countries". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-163942.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) is a bottom-up approach to sustainable developmentused in developing countries to enhance the conservation of natural resources, preservetraditional culture, and generate income at the local level. The study aims to understandthe effectiveness of community associations for CBT development in developingcountries. Ghana is selected as the primary case of this study. Published data on CBTassociations in Namibia, Uganda, Kyrgyzstan and Costa Rica are used as supporting casesof the study. The research was conducted primarily, using library resources, incombination with fieldwork conducted by the author. The findings describe a viciouscircle of poverty in Ghana’s CBT development as well as describe successes andchallenges of supporting cases. It is clarified that the studied CBT associations haveplayed a significant role in creating networks and making linkages among the variousstakeholders involved. Further, these efforts increase the possibility of expanding CBTbenefits to the whole country, especially by creating interaction with governmentalagencies. However, obtaining a sustainable funding source for their activities is still agreat challenge, facing the associations. The study concludes that the establishment ofCBT associations can solve some of the problems identified as limiting Ghana’s CBTdevelopment. In particular, CBT associations could be useful for enhancing collaborationamong stakeholders. Unfortunately, the study could not identify any concrete solutionsfor the many financial issues which many developing countries face. An empirical studyon introducing microfinance or other soft loan system to CBT associations could be avaluable subject for further studies.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

28

Yiu, Wai-hang Jenny, e 姚惠嫻. "Sustainable development in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966706.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

29

Reichstein, Andrea. "Sustainable Problems of Development: Does the EU contribute to the sustainable development of Tonga?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4104.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Sustainable development increasingly provides new norms in the international agenda for development assistance. As an international development actor the European Union (EU) integrates this notion into its objectives for development co-operation with African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. This study, therefore, investigates how effectively the EU contributes to the sustainable development of Tonga, member of the Pacific ACP region. An operational mode of sustainable development should adopt an agenda that addresses the needs of the poor and adopts the objective to manage natural resources in a manner that allows economic growth and social development without irreversible impacts on the environment. In the bilateral development co-operation between the EU and Tonga the concept of sustainable development is now firmly established as an overarching objective. This research therefore investigates the correlation between Tonga’s agenda for sustainability and the development policy and co- operation the EU provides. In the policy framework that the EU adopts, addresses effectively many of the aspects of Tonga’s sustainable development. In the current framework of the tenth European Development Fund (EDF), in particular, the EU adopts appropriate strategies for the management of Tonga’s environment that support social and economic development. An analysis of the allocation of funds, however, shows that the promised policy strategies do not result in appropriate action. To contribute more successfully to the sustainable development of Tonga, the EU needs to integrate the development of the country into its own interests. The notion of cosmopolitan moral responsibility and distributive justice offers an incentive for the EU to do so.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

30

Kasker, Muhammad Sameer. "Sustainable Development Goal 6: A watershed moment for ensuring sustainable freshwater development and management?" University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6822.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Doctor Legum - LLD
Water is at the very core of sustainable development, critical for a thriving people, planet and prosperity. Water is regarded as a public good which is fundamental for health and life. Water is so important that it was debated as being a basic human right on many international platforms. Water access has plagued many parts of the world for a long period of time. In recent years, there have been increasingly urgent warnings of a global water crisis, as the human species consistently uses more water than is sustainably available. The international community tried to work towards overcoming these water-related issues by establishing the then Millennium Development Goals (hereafter referred to as MDGs), with MDG7.C focusing on access to safe drinking water. Even though MDG7.C was achieved in part, issues still remained regarding water access and quality. Sustainable Development Goal 6 (hereafter referred to as SDG 6) was then introduced and the scope of SDG6 is much wider than its predecessor, since the water access and scarcity problems are still prevalent today. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development includes a dedicated goal on water and sanitation that sets out to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. SDG6 expands the MDG focus on drinking water to now cover the entire water cycle, including the management of water, wastewater and ecosystem resources, with water at the very core of sustainable development. The goal has, in essence, extended to include a much broader spectrum of issues that need to be solved which, in essence, unravels even more challenges along the way. As a result, it is imperative to determine whether SDG6 can allow for actual sustainable development in terms of freshwater resources. Thus, this thesis will discuss the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals (hereafter referred to as SDGs), in particular SDG6, as well as analyse how SDG6 impacts on International Environmental Law, with particular emphasis on International Freshwater Law. The main aim of this research is to determine whether the creation and implementation of SDG6 can result in overall freshwater sustainability and whether this can result in the furtherance of sustainable development.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

31

Potgieter, Melissa. "Sustainable urban development - the need for a South African rating tool for sustainable precinct developments". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25378.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Globally, urban sustainability is shifting its focus from individual building to sustainability at precinct, neighbourhood and community levels. This dissertation aims to determine whether the South African urban development industry has a need for the introduction and incorporation of a precinct level urban sustainability rating tool. This dissertation employs a literature review and single case study approach to define precinct level urban sustainability, to explore existing sustainability initiatives and to investigate the expected impacts of a South African precinct level urban sustainability rating tool. The research finds that while there ha been interest in precinct level sustainability from the private sector and some leading municipalities, precinct level sustainability runs the risks of becoming nothing more than a political catch-phrase and of becoming stuck in an ongoing cycle of planning, especially from a national regulatory point of view. It is expected that the introduction of a South African precinct level sustainability rating tool will mitigate this situation by providing motivation for the adoption of, and a clear guideline for the physical implementation of, wider sustainability principles and objectives.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

32

Liu, Ching-man. "Railway and sustainable transport development". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31595315.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

33

Williams, Helén. "Food Packaging for Sustainable Development". Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för energi-, miljö- och byggteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7328.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Packaging has been on the environmental agenda for decades. It has been discussed and debated within the society mainly as an environmental problem. Production, distribution and consumption of food and drinks contribute significant to the environmental impact. However, consumers in the EU waste about 20% of the food they buy. The function of packaging in reducing the amount of food losses is an important but often neglected environmental issue. This thesis focuses on the functions of packaging that can be used to preserve resources efficiently and reduce the environmental impact of the food-packaging system. The service perspective is used to increase knowledge about consumer interaction with packages. Fifteen packaging attributes, for example, ‘easy to empty’, ‘hygienic’ and ‘contain the right quantity’, were identified as influencing the amount of food losses at the consumer. The result showed that there are potentials to both increase consumer satisfaction and decrease the environmental impact of the food-packaging system, when new packaging design reduces food losses. A model was developed that calculates the balance of environmental impact between reduction of food losses, and more packaging material. The result showed that it can be environmentally motivated to increase the environmental impact of packaging, if the amount of food losses is reduced. This is especially true for food items with high environmental impact, e.g. meat and dairy products, and for food items that have a high share of loss, e.g. bread. I have also explored to what extent packaging can influence food losses in households. The study showed that about 20% to 25% of household food waste was related to packaging. The households noted three packaging attributes as the main causes for food losses; ‘too big packaging’, ‘difficult to empty’ and ‘best-before-date’. Finally there is a discussion of packaging research in the context of sustainability principles, and suggestions for further research.

Paper IV was still a manuscript at the time of the thesis defense.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

34

Siddiqui, Sadaf. "Infrastructure, sustainable development and society". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44105.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

35

Farmar-Bowers, Q. "Making sustainable development ideas operational /". Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001440.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies, 2005.
Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-241).

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

36

Fuss, Sabine. "Sustainable energy development under uncertainty". [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=10524.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

37

Siddiqui, Sadaf. "Infrastructure, sustainable development & society". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20235.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Infrastructure is the foundation and the basic framework which permits cities to function. However, there are significant infrastructure problems in North America. In cities across North America, the infrastructure is deteriorating. The efficiency of a community depends on the condition of its infrastructure. The health and welfare of the residents and the economy of a country requires an efficient and sound infrastructure. North America will not achieve prosperity if it allows its urban infrastructure to decay to the Developing World's levels.
Increased new sources of revenue need to be explored by political officials to pay for the cost of upgrading our infrastructure to an acceptable level. In addition, developing an effective management, approach is a long-term way to handle a problem as large and as serious as our current infrastructure crisis. Current engineering and construction practices have proved to be detrimental to our environment and depletion of natural resources. The future role of civil engineers should be the prevention of any damage to our environment and natural resources, and this can be achieved by incorporating sustainability into the current engineering and construction practices. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

38

Evans, Jodi K. "Institutional pressures for sustainable development". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361738.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

39

Liu, Ching-man, e 廖靜文. "Railway and sustainable transport development". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31595315.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

40

Law, Yuk-lan Paris, e 羅玉蘭. "Community mobilization in sustainable development". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259947.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

41

Schroder, Thomas. "Economic dynamics and sustainable development". Thesis, Keele University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262382.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

42

Williams, Diana. "Sustainable tourism development in Cuba". Thesis, University of East London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327708.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

43

Atkinson, Giles David. "Sustainable development : economics and measurement". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395524.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

44

Welgemoed, M. E. (Margaretha Elizabeth). "Sustainable development : communicating the message". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50646.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable development, defined as "Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" is the focus of the research project. The main objectives of the study were firstly to identify the key issues for business around sustainable development for businesses, and secondly to propose a method for communicating these issues to business leaders based on their personality types. A literature study was conducted of the two relevant fields, namely sustainable development and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality type framework. From the first part of the study the findings indicated the recurring themes for sustainable development from a business perspective, which are firstly that businesses have no choice but to take cognisance of sustainable development, secondly that sustainable development makes business sense, thirdly that sustainable development is relevant for all types of business, fourthly that sustainable development requires innovative thinking and lastly that the pressure on business to conduct their operations according to sustainability principles will increase in future. According to the literature study on personality types and communication, MBTI distinguishes between sixteen personality types, based on four dimensions with two extremes each. One of the dimensions defines how people most effectively absorb information. Some people prefer a big picture, conceptual approach. Other people prefer details, facts and figures. The content of the communication should be guided accordingly. The other three dimensions of the MBTI personality definition inform decisions about the setting, communication media and interaction during communication. Relevance of the information and credibility of the sources is important in communication about an important topic, regardless of personality type. Recommendations are firstly that the personality-based approach for presenting the key issues regarding sustainable development to business leaders be used by practitioners in the field and academics, and secondly that the impact should be tested. The testing is a possible topic for another study project.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volhouhare ontwikkeling, gedefinieer as "Ontwikkeling wat bestaande behoeftes aanspreek sonder om die vermoe van toekomstige geslagte te benadeel om hulle behoeftes aan te spreek", is die fokus van die werkstuk. Die belangrikste doelwitte van die studie was om eerstens die belangrikste kwessies rakende volhouhare ontwikkeling vanuit 'n besigheidsperspektief te identifiseer, en tweedens 'n manier voor te stel om hierdie kwessies aan te bied aan besigheidsleiers gebaseer op persoonlikheidstipes. 'n Literatuurstudie is gedoen van beide relevante velde, naamlik volhoubare ontwikkeling en die Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) raamwerk vir persoonlikheidstipes. Bevindings uit die eerste gedeelte van die studie het aangetoon dat die deurlopende temas rakende volhoubare ontwikkeling vanuit 'n besigheidsperspektief die volgende is: eerstens het besighede geen ander keuse as om kennis te neem van volhoubare ontwikkeling nie, tweedens dat volhoubare ontwikkeling voordelig vir besigheid is, derdens dat volhoubare ontwikkeling relevant is vir alle tipes besighede, vierdens dat volhoubare ontwikkeling innovasie vereis en laastens dat die druk op besighede in die toekoms gaan toeneem om volhoubare besigheid te bedryf. Uit die literatuurstudie oor persoonlikheidstipes en kommunikasie blyk dat MBTI onderskei tussen sestien persoonlikheidstipes, gebaseer op vier dimensies met twee ekstreme elk. Een van die dimensies definieer hoe mense inligting effektief inneem. Sommige mense verkies 'n konsepsuele, algemene benadering. Andere verkies detail, feite en syfers. Die inhoud van die kommunikasie moet dienooreenkomstig aangepas word. Die ander drie dimensies van die MBTI persoonlikheid definisie het 'n invloed op die omgewing, die kommunikasiemedia en die interaksie tydens kommunikasie. Relevansie van die inligting en betroubaarheid van die bronne is belangrik vir kommunikasie oor 'n belangrike onderwerp ongeag die persoonlikheidstipe. Aanbevelings is eerstens dat die persoonlikheidstipe benadering vir die aanbied van belangrike kwessies rakende volhoubare ontwikkeling aan besigheidsleiers gebruik word deur persone wat in die veld werk asook akademici of kursusaanbieders wat gehore toespreek daaroor. 'n Tweede aanbeveling is dat die impak van die benadering getoets word. Die toetsing is 'n moontlike onderwerp vir 'n ander werkstuk.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

45

Caparros-Midwood, Daniel. "Spatially optimised sustainable urban development". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3291.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Tackling urbanisation and climate change requires more sustainable and resilient cities, which in turn will require planners to develop a portfolio of measures to manage climate risks such as flooding, meet energy and greenhouse gas reduction targets, and prioritise development on brownfield sites to preserve greenspace. However, the policies, strategies and measures put in place to meet such objectives can frequently conflict with each other or deliver unintended consequences, hampering long-term sustainability. For example, the densification of cities in order to reduce transport energy use can increase urban heat island effects and surface water flooding from extreme rainfall events. In order to make coherent decisions in the presence of such complex multi-dimensional spatial conflicts, urban planners require sophisticated planning tools to identify and manage potential trade-offs between the spatial strategies necessary to deliver sustainability. To achieve this aim, this research has developed a multi-objective spatial optimisation framework for the spatial planning of new residential development within cities. The implemented framework develops spatial strategies of required new residential development that minimize conflicts between multiple sustainability objectives as a result of planning policy and climate change related hazards. Five key sustainability objectives have been investigated, namely; (i) minimizing risk from heat waves, (ii) minimizing the risk from flood events, (iii) minimizing travel costs in order to reduce transport emissions, (iv) minimizing urban sprawl and (v) preventing development on existing greenspace. A review identified two optimisation algorithms as suitable for this task. Simulated Annealing (SA) is a traditional optimisation algorithm that uses a probabilistic approach to seek out a global optima by iteratively assessing a wide range of spatial configurations against the objectives under consideration. Gradual ‘cooling’, or reducing the probability of jumping to a different region of the objective space, helps the SA to converge on globally optimal spatial patterns. Genetic Algorithms (GA) evolve successive generations of solutions, by both recombining attributes and randomly mutating previous generations of solutions, to search for and converge towards superior spatial strategies. The framework works towards, and outputs, a series of Pareto-optimal spatial plans that outperform all other plans in at least one objective. This approach allows for a range of best trade-off plans for planners to choose from. ii Both SA and GA were evaluated for an initial case study in Middlesbrough, in the North East of England, and were able to identify strategies which significantly improve upon the local authority’s development plan. For example, the GA approach is able to identify a spatial strategy that reduces the travel to work distance between new development and the central business district by 77.5% whilst nullifying the flood risk to the new development. A comparison of the two optimisation approaches for the Middlesbrough case study revealed that the GA is the more effective approach. The GA is more able to escape local optima and on average outperforms the SA by 56% in in the Pareto fronts discovered whilst discovering double the number of multi-objective Pareto-optimal spatial plans. On the basis of the initial Middlesbrough case study the GA approach was applied to the significantly larger, and more computationally complex, problem of optimising spatial development plans for London in the UK – a total area of 1,572km2. The framework identified optimal strategies in less than 400 generations. The analysis showed, for example, strategies that provide the lowest heat risk (compared to the feasible spatial plans found) can be achieved whilst also using 85% brownfield land to locate new development. The framework was further extended to investigate the impact of different development and density regulations. This enabled the identification of optimised strategies, albeit at lower building density, that completely prevent any increase in urban sprawl whilst also improving the heat risk objective by 60% against a business as usual development strategy. Conversely by restricting development to brownfield the ability of the spatial plan to optimise future heat risk is reduced by 55.6% against the business as usual development strategy. The results of both case studies demonstrate the potential of spatial optimisation to provide planners with optimal spatial plans in the presence of conflicting sustainability objectives. The resulting diagnostic information provides an analytical appreciation of the sensitivity between conflicts and therefore the overall robustness of a plan to uncertainty. With the inclusion of further objectives, and qualitative information unsuitable for this type of analysis, spatial optimization can constitute a powerful decision support tool to help planners to identify spatial development strategies that satisfy multiple sustainability objectives and provide an evidence base for better decision making.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

46

Чорток, Юлія Володимирівна, Юлия Владимировна Чорток e Yuliia Volodymyrivna Chortok. "Trade, environment and sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8134.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

47

Mukeira, V. "Sustainable development and security problems". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26632.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

48

Storozhev, V. V. "Climate change and sustainable development". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45171.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The threat of global climate change poses an unprecedented challenge to humanity. Although climate change is potentially important, it is crucial to recognize also that (especially for the developing countries), there are a number of other priorities that affect human welfare more immediately – such as hunger and malnutrition, poverty, health, and pressing local environmental issues. In this context, predictions about climate change, its impacts, and the costs of mitigation are important for the policy – making dimension, because climate change issues reside within broader questions about sustainable development. One major objective of human development is sustainability, and the pursuit of greater precision in climate prediction can help with progress toward this goal.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

49

Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, Світлана Анатоліївна Петровська, Светлана Анатольевна Петровськая e Svitlana Anatoliivna petrovska. "The strategies for sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13456.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Many strategies have been proposed to satisfy the demands of sustainable development. They are usually based on the notion that the limits to the use of our environment have already been reached. They differ, however, in their approaches towards dealing with this situation. The first is based on the belief that any human society is part of, and depends on, an ecosystem. The ecosystem constrains the development of that society. It is necessary to respect the carrying capacity of the ecosystems in order to attain sustainability. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13456

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

50

Чорток, Юлія Володимирівна, Юлия Владимировна Чорток, Yuliia Volodymyrivna Chortok e T. Chuyko. "Economic aspects of sustainable development". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22787.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Sustainable development"

Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos