Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "SusC"

Les mammifères hébergent des communautés microbiennes très diverses. Parmi celles-ci, le microbiote intestinal joue un rôle crucial dans la santé de l’hôte. Les bactéries intestinales utilisent des polysaccharides et oligosaccharides variés comme principales sources de carbone, en utilisant des systèmes protéiques complexes pour dégrader ces substrats en monosaccharides assimilables. Les bactéries du phylum Bacteroidota sont parmi les plus abondantes dans les microbiomes intestinaux des mammifères. Elles produisent une série de protéines nécessaires à la détection, à la capture, au transport et à la dégradation des polysaccharides et oligosaccharides. Ces systèmes complexes sont codés par des loci dédiés à l'utilisation des polysaccharides (PUL). A la surface cellulaire, les protéines de liaison aux glycanes (SGBPs) jouent un rôle majeur dans l’efficacité de capture des polysaccharides et des oligosaccharides entourant les cellules, offrant ainsi aux Bacteroidota un avantage compétitif dans la colonisation de leurs habitats. . Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la caractérisation et l'ingénierie des transporteurs de bactéries du phylum Bacteroidota, en particulier leurs composants SGBPs, isses des microbiomes digestifs humains et bovins. L'objectif était d'élucider les relations structure-fonction des différents éléments protéiques de ces transporteurs impliqués dans l'utilisation des polysaccharides d’origine alimentaire ou microbiennne. Nous avons tout d’abord caractérisé la fonction et la structure cristallographique d’une protéine de type SusD (appelée ici F5_SusD-like) codée par un PUL provenant d’un Bacteroides non cultivé de l’intestin humain, et qui est conservé chez Bacteroides vulgatus, une espèce dominante dans le microbiote intestinal. Malgré son incapacité à se lier aux xylooligosaccharides (XOS), qui sont pourtant les substrats ciblés par le F5_PUL, F5_SusD est essentiel à la fonctionnalité du transport. L'analyse structurale a révélé des boucles désordonnées et des résidus clés mal alignés, qui pourraient être responsables de l'incapacité de cette protéine de type SGBP à se lier aux XOS. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié la spécificité des transporteurs F5_SusC/D et F5_MFS vis-à-vis des XOS en introduisant une β-mannosidase dans le périplasme des souches recombinantes d’E. coli produisant ces transporteurs. En utilisant des variants du locus F5 précédemment construits par Tauzin et al., nous avons complété le système d'utilisation des oligosaccharides de F5 avec l'enzyme BT_0458 de la famille CAZy GH2. Nos données préliminaires suggèrent que les transporteurs du clone métagénomique F5 ne peuvent pas internaliser le mannotriose, indiquant une probable stricte spécificité de ces systèmes vis-à-vis des XOS. Par la suite, nous avons exploré le potentiel de l’évolution adaptative en laboratoire (ALE) pour l’ingénierie du système recombinant d’utilisation des XOS chez E. coli. Cette étude préliminaire indique que l’évolution in cellulo pourrait servir à améliorer les fonctions de transporteurs recombinants chez E. coli et à approfondir l’étude de leurs relations structure-fonction sous pression évolutive. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé une autre protéine de type SusD (appelée 41O1_SusD) codée par un locus d'utilisation de β-glucanes et provenant d'un clone métagénomique isolé du microbiome du rumen bovin. La caractérisation fonctionnelle de cette protéine a montré que 41O1_SusD présente une affinité de liaison pour les β-1,3-glucanes ramifiés par des liaisons β-1,6. Une comparaison structurale avec des protéines homologues a permis de mettre en évidence des motifs similaires de reconnaissance du substrat, impliquant trois résidus tryptophane. Ces résultats ont permis de progresser dans la compréhension du rôle joué par les protéines de type SusD dans l’utilisation des substrats issus de la paroi cellulaire végétale et/ou d’origine fongique dans le rumen bovin
Mammals host very diverse microbial communities. Among these, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host health. Gut bacteria utilize various polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as carbon sources, using complex protein machineries to degrade these substrates into assimilable monosaccharides. Bacteroidota represents one of the dominant phyla in mammal gut microbiomes. They produce a series of proteins necessary for the sensing, capture, transport and degradation of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. These complex machineries are encoded by polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Among the proteins encoded by PULs, cell surface glycan-binding proteins (SGBPs) are essential for the efficient capture of substrates surrounding the cells. In this thesis work, we focused on the characterization and engineering of Bacteroidota transporters, in particular their SGBP components, identified from the human and bovine gut microbiomes. The aim was to elucidate the structure-function relationships of the different protein elements of these transporters, involved in the utilization of dietary or microbial glycans in gut microbiomes. We first characterized the function and crystallographic structure of a SusD-like protein (referred to F5_SusD-like here) encoded by a xylooligosaccharide (XOS) PUL from an uncultured human gut Bacteroides species, which is conserved in the prominent Bacteroides vulgatus species. Despite its inability to bind to XOS, that are the cognate substrates of the F5_PUL, the F5_SusD-like protein is essential for the uptake functionality. Structural analysis revealed disordered loops and misaligned key residues, which could be responsible for the inability of this SGBP-like protein to bind XOS. Then, we investigated the specificity of F5_SusC/D and F5_MFS transporters towards XOS by introducing aβ-mannosidase into the periplasm of the recombinant E. coli strains harboring these transporters. This approach aimed at determining if the transporters could uptake mannotriose, which would be degraded to monosaccharides by the β-mannosidase and support E. coli growth. Using F5 variants previously constructed by Tauzin et al., we complemented the F5 oligosaccharide utilization system with the BT_0458 β-mannosidase from the GH2 CAZy family. Our preliminary data suggest that the F5 transporters cannot recognize and transport mannotriose, indicating a probable strict specificity towards XOS. Subsequently, we explored the potential of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) to engineer the recombinant F5_XOS utilization pathway in E. coli. After serial sub-cultures of the F5_XOS containing E. coli strains, the mutation rates and positions were assessed by next-generation sequencing. This preliminary study indicated that ALE could serve to improve transporter functions and provided the basis for further investigation of the structure-function relationships of oligosaccharide transporters under evolutionary pressures. Finally, we characterized another SusD-like protein (referred to 41O1_SusD) encoded by a β-glucan utilization locus from a metagenomic clone isolated from the bovine rumen microbiome. Functional characterization showed that the 41O1_SusD-like protein exhibits binding affinity for β-1,6 branched β-1,3-glucans. Structural comparison with homolog SusD-like proteins highlighted a similar pattern of substrate recognition, involving three tryptophan residues. Our findings provided advances in the understanding of the role played by SusD-like proteins in plant cell wall and/or fungal polysaccharide utilization in the cow rumen. Overall, this thesis generated advances in the understanding of the structure-function relationships of SusD-like proteins. In the long term, the findings will contribute to the development of potential applications in synthetic biology and microbial engineering for enhanced polysaccharide utilization

Usando as Regras de Soma da QCD, testamos se a nova estrutura estreita, X(4350) recentemente observada pela Colaboração Belle, pode ser descrita como um estado molecular D8D80 exótico JPC = 1+. Consideramos as contribuições dos condensados de dimensão oito, trabalhamos com os termos dominantes em 8 mantendo os termos lineares na massa do quark estranho m8. A massa obtida é igual a mD8D80 = (5.05±0.19) GeV. Consideramos também uma corrente molecular 1+, DD0 e obtemos mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. Concluímos que não é possível descrever a estrutura X(4350) como um estado molecular 1+ D8D80.
Using the QCD sum rules we test if the new narrow structure, the X(4350) recently observed by the Belle Collaboration, can be described as a JPC = 1+ exotic D8D80 molecular state. We consider the contributions of condensates up to dimension eight, we work at leading order in s and we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms. The mass obtained for such state is mD8D80 =(5.05 ± 0.19) GeV. We also consider a molecular 1+, DD0 current and we obtain mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. We conclude that it is not possible to describe the X(4350) structure as a 1+ D8D80 molecular state.

The ATLAS detector is one of the two largest experiments installed at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research. During the first run, the ATLAS detector recorded data at centre of mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, enabling many precision measurements and new physics searches. One important task in ATLAS is measuring the primary vertex, the interaction point of the hardest proton-proton collision in an event. In this thesis, a study of the primary vertex reconstruction performance in data and simulated events using $t\bar{t}$ and ${Z}$ events is presented. Within the statistics available, the performance in data and simulated events is found to be compatible. Motivated by the limitations of the Standard Model of particle physics, searches for supersymmetric particles are performed with the ATLAS experiment. No signal has been observed so far, and the results are used to set exclusion limits on the masses of the supersymmetric particles. As the exclusion limits are derived from analyses which each target only a single decay mode of a supersymmetric particle, the analyses might have lower sensitivity to more complex decay scenarios. In this thesis the sensitivity of one of the ATLAS searches for direct top squark pair production to models with more complex decay modes is investigated. The study concludes that the sensitivity to models where the top squark can decay via heavier charginos and neutralinos is lower than the sensitivity to models where only decays to the lightest chargino or neutralino are present.

Supersymmetric extensions to the Standard Model (SM) have many interesting experimental consequences which can provide important hints to the physics beyond the SM. In this thesis, we first study the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and show that a significant constraint on the parameter space can be obtained from its current experimental value. In the next topic, we study the CP violations in B -> phi K decays and show that the SM and the minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA) cannot account for the current experimental observation. We then show that all the data can be accommodated for a wide range of parameters in models with non-universal soft breaking left-right A terms. In our last topic, which is based on a Horava-Witten inspired model proposed by R. Arnowitt and B. Dutta, we extend their analysis to the full fermion sector of the SM and propose a new mechanism different from the usual see saw mechanism to generate small neutrino masses which are in good agreement with the current neutrino oscillation data.

After a brief introduction to 21st century fundamental physics suitable for the layman with a reasonable level of mathematical competence, I introduce the concept of unnaturalness in Standard Model electroweak symmetry breaking and Supersymmetry (Susy) as a potential solution. The optimally natural situation in Susy in light of the 2012 discovery of a Higgs boson is derived, namely that of almost maximal mixing, with the scalar top partners almost as light as can be. The discovery is also interpreted numerically in terms of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, with greater emphasis placed on the visibility of the Higgs boson at the observed mass, i.e. on signal strengths. I introduce simple models of gauge-mediated Susy breaking (GMSB), and how their generalisation leads to a richer parameter space. I then investigate the role played by the mediation scale of GMSB: this is found to be as a control of the extent to which Yukawa couplings de-tune flavour-blind relations set by gauge couplings. Finally, issues relating to the discovery or exclusion of Susy at colliders are discussed. Bounds are derived for the masses of new particles from Large Hadron Collider searches for excesses of jets and missing energy without leptons, and compared to constraints arising from Higgs boson searches, for models of GMSB and the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. I present a novel search strategy for new physics signatures with two neutral, stable particles, when such particles are produced by boosted decays. (Susy examples include models with light gravitinos, pseudo-goldstinos, singlinos or new photinos.) The method is shown to produce sharp mass peaks that enhance the visibility of the signal.

We study various aspects of type IIB supergravity backgrounds related to those of Klebanov-Strassler and Chamseddine-Volkov/Maldacena-Nunez, in the context of gauge-gravity duality. We first examine the structure which can be found in the family of supersymmetric solutions, and in particular the effect of adding flavour. We then turn to the problem of finding non-supersymmetric generalisations of the well-understood supersynnnetric solutions. Using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques we find a two-dimensional space of such solutions, corresponding to the baryonic branch of Klebanov-Strassler deformed by a SUSY-breaking irrelevant operator. We explore the parameter space in some detail, and find several interesting special cases and limits, including one in which supersymmetry is completely broken and unusual periodic behavior is present in the warp factors. Finally, we look in detail at some of the methods which can be used to probe the field theory corresponding to these kinds of backgrounds.

Les musiques des sociétés anciennes constituent un terrain de recherche passionnant et peu exploré dans le domaine de l’archéologie. Cet art éphémère et immatériel par excellence laisse en effet peu de traces susceptibles d’être étudiées par l’archéologue. Pourtant, les découvertes exceptionnelles d’instruments anciens, survenues dès les années 1920 dans le cimetière royal d’Ur ont suscité l’intérêt des chercheurs pour la musique du Proche-Orient ancien, participant à l’émergence d’une approche novatrice : l’archéomusicologie. Cette étude est consacrée à l’Élam, dans le Sud-Ouest iranien, région demeurée en retrait des études archéomusicologiques proche-orientales. L’objectif principal de cette étude est de proposer une restitution de l’instrumentarium élamite et d’en cerner à la fois l’évolution et les spécificités, tout en considérant les traits qui la rattachent à la sphère proche-orientale.En premier lieu, afin de dresser le cadre chronoculturel de ce travail, nous présentons une synthèse historiographique et un état des connaissances sur l’Élam, à partir de l’exploitation des données des fouilles anciennes et plus récentes, et des sources épigraphiques. Le cadre théorique de l’étude est ensuite défini à travers un exposé de l’histoire de la recherche sur les musiques anciennes, et plus particulièrement du Proche-Orient, soulignant les axes suivis pour traiter du phénomène musical. Ce bilan et le constat de la nature des données musicales disponibles pour la région – hétérogènes et disparates – permettent de définir notre approche archéomusicologique. Ainsi, le corpus rassemblé, principalement constitué de représentations musicales, nous a conduite à adopter une approche croisée et comparative, associant l’analyse de ces sources iconographiques, mais également des quelques vestiges d’instruments documentés, et des sources textuelles issues de cette région, entre le Chalcolithique et l’âge du Fer (fin du Ve - milieu du Ier millénaire avant J.-C.). La majorité de la documentation est issue de Suse, mais d’autres sites ont fourni des données musicales, pris en compte dans notre analyse (Choga Mish, Haft Tépé, Tchoga Zanbil, Tall-i Malyan, Kul-e Farah, Arjān et Ninive).Une part importante de notre analyse organologique réside dans la classification, la définition et l’identification des types d’instruments documentés par la culture matérielle de ces sites. L’inventaire détaillé et l’analyse des artefacts suso-élamites reliés à la sphère musicale ont ainsi abouti à la création d’un catalogue raisonné, richement illustré, qui constitue une base solide pour l’étude du phénomène musical de cette aire culturelle. Enfin, la synthèse issue du croisement des données iconographiques et historiques, et la comparaison avec les sources proche-orientales permet de proposer une restitution de l’instrumentarium suso-élamite, en soulignant ses spécificités et ses emprunts potentiels. Ces résultats offrent des pistes de réflexion sur l’évolution de ces instruments dans une perspective plus large, discutées à la fin de cette étude. Outre ces résultats, pour contribuer de façon concrète à une meilleure appréhension du phénomène musical dans l’Élam ancien, nous proposons également la reconstruction expérimentale d’un luth, dont l’objectif est non seulement de tester des hypothèses quant aux matériaux et techniques employées, mais également de fournir des pistes sérieuses pour aborder la dimension sonore des instruments du passé
The music from earliest societies is a fascinating but poorly explored archaeological field of research. This ephemeral and intangible art par excellence leaves meager remains for archaeologists’ scrutiny. However, the remarkable discoveries of extant instruments dated from the third millennium onward, excavated in the 1920s at the Royal Cemetery of Ur, have ignited a significant interest for ancient Near-Eastern music researchers, further contributing to the emergence of an innovative perspective that came to be known as archaeomusicology.This study is devoted to the land of Elam in South-Western Iran, a region that has been neglected in Near-Eastern archaeomusicology. The main objective of this work is to propose a restitution of the Elamite instrumentarium and to identify both its evolution and its specificities while considering features with which it relates to the Near-Eastern context.Firstly, in order to set the chrono-cultural framework of this research, we have proposed a historiographic synthesis running concurrently with the current status of our knowledge about Elam. This rests on the exploration of data from early and more recent excavations, as well as from epigraphic sources. Then, the theoretical framework of the study will be defined through a presentation of the research history of ancient music, and more particularly in the Near-East, highlighting themes addressing to the musical phenomenon. This review and the assessment of the nature of the musical data available for the region – heterogeneous and disparate – permits a definition of our archaeomusicological approach. Thus, the collected corpus, mainly consisting of musical representations, led us to adopt a cross and comparative approach, combining the analysis of these iconographic sources, but also of the few remains of documented instruments, and textual sources from this region, between the Chalcolithic and the Iron Age (late 5th - mid 1st millennium BC). Most of the documentation originates from Susa, but other sites have provided musical data, which were included in our analysis (Chogha Mish, Haft Tappeh, Chogha Zanbil, Tall-i Malyan, Kul-e Farah, Arjān and Nineveh).An important part of our organological analysis lies in the classification, definition and identification of the types of instruments documented in the material culture of these sites. The detailed inventory and analysis of Susan-Elamite artifacts related to the musical sphere have therefore led to the production of a richly illustrated catalogue, which constitutes a strong basis for the study of the musical phenomenon in this cultural area. Finally, the synthesis resulting from the crossing of iconographic and historical data, and the comparison with Near-Eastern sources has lead to a restitution of the Susan-Elamite instrumentarium, highlighting its specificities and potential borrowings. These results have provided food for thought about the evolution of these instruments from a broader perspective, discussed at the end of this research. In addition to these results, and in order to contribute in a concrete way to a better understanding of the musical phenomenon in ancient Elam, we have also proposed the experimental reconstruction of a lute, the objective of which being not only the testing of hypotheses about the materials and techniques used, but also providing a reliable way to address the matter of instrumental sound dimensions in the past

Ville d’Iran occidental, située dans l’actuelle plaine du Khuzistan au pied des monts Zagros, Suse tout au long de son histoire a été soumise à la double influence de la Mésopotamie et de la confédération élamite. C’est dans ce contexte d’alternance que s’est développée une civilisation complexe et originale. La compréhension de celle-ci passe par l’examen des actes d’achat qui ont été découverts lors des fouilles dirigées par R. De Mecquenem, effectuées entre 1927 et 1928 dans le secteur dit de la «Ville royale». Le corpus se compose de 99 textes rédigés en akkadien, sur des tablettes d’argiles non cuites, dont une première publication a été réalisée par V. Scheil, assyriologue de la mission dès 1930. Cette étude s’organise autour de deux axes principaux. L’analyse juridique complète du formulaire permet tout d’abord de mettre en évidence son évolution ainsi que sa structuration progressive. La comparaison des schémas ainsi obtenus avec ceux des principaux sites mésopotamiens et de la ville élamite de Kabnak, a contribué à l’établissement de points de ressemblance et de dissemblance attestant de l’originalité du droit susien. A l’intérieur de cette analyse, une attention particulière a été portée aux clauses faisant intervenir des notions élamites, de manière à essayer d’en donner l’interprétation la plus précise possible. Le second volet est consacré à la détermination des caractéristiques de la société susienne à partir des données contenues dans ces contrats. Pour établir un portrait de la ville aussi réaliste que possible, les indications fournies par les achats ont été comparées et complétées par la consultation de la totalité du corpus juridique, ainsi que par l’étude des données archéologiques et ethnologiques. Le croisement de ces diverses sources offre une image satisfaisante des cadres de la société susienne pendant la première moitié du deuxième millénaire
Susa is a city of western Iran located in the current plain of Khuzestan close to the Zagros mounts. Throughout its history, Susa was subjected to the double influence of Mesopotamia and Elamite Confederation. In such a dual context has grown a complex and original civilization. This survey is based on the acts of purchase which were discovered during excavations realised by R. De Mecquenem, between 1927 and 1928, in the so-called «Royal City» area. The corpus is made up of 99 texts written in akkadian on uncooked clay shelves, a first publication of which was accomplished by V. Scheil, assyriologist of mission from 1930. This study is organized around two main parts. In a first part, the complete legal analysis of the contracts made it possible to highlight their evolution like their progressive structuring. The results have been compared with those known for the main Mesopotamians sites like for the elamite city of Kabnak. This showed some points of resemblance and dissimilarity attesting of the originality of the Susan right. Within this analysis, a detailed attention was paid to the contracts utilizing elamite concepts, so as to try to give the most precise possible interpretation of it. In a second part, the data contained in these contracts are analysed in order to obtain the characteristics of the Susan society. To establish a realistic portrait of the city, the indications provided by the purchases were compared and supplemented by the consultation of the whole legal corpus, and by the study of the archaeological and ethnological data. The crossing of these various sources offers a complete image of the Susan society during first half of the second millennium

Após vinte e quatro anos, o Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro consagra-se por uma consolidação na assistência, acesso e na qualidade de serviços para a sociedade, principalmente nas esferas estaduais e municipais. Os modelos organizativos ajudaram a construir uma base, que já se encontra desgastado e carente de uma reestruturação, principalmente no âmbito da organização do Sistema, através de uma revisão das atribuições de cada ente participativo e do repasse de recursos, equilibrados pela necessidade municipal, invertendo o processo verticalização do Sistema. Outro ponto abordado foi a necessidade de incorporar um perfil profissional dos gestores municipais de saúde, peça fundamental do SUS, que assume um cargo político com responsabilidade técnica e administrativa e que hoje segura a ponta da corda em um eterno cabo de guerra contra o Estado e a União. Foi realizada como metodologia uma análise descritiva qualitativa e quantitativa da literatura e do cenário das políticas públicas em saúde, abordando os antecedentes históricos do SUS, o modelo atual das Políticas públicas de Saúde e do Sistema, no âmbito federal, estadual e municipal respectivamente, o perfil dos municípios brasileiros, assim como dos gestores municipais que organizam e controlam o Sistema na ponta mais difícil, a que se defronta com a real necessidade e com o próprio usuário do Sistema, e por fim proposto um novo modelo reestruturante do SUS, com caráter mais municipalista, atingindo uma questão primordial: O equilíbrio organizativo, financeiro e gestor do Sistema Único de saúde.
After twenty and four years the Brazilian health consecrated by a consolidation assistance, access and quality of service to society, especially in state and municipal level. Organizational models helped to build a base, which is already worn out and in need of restructuring, particularly in the organization of the system, through a review of the responsibilities of each participating entity and the transfer of resources, balanced by the need municipal , reversing the process of up righting system . Another point raised was the need to incorporate a professional profile of local health managers , keystone SUS , assuming political office with administrative and technical responsibility and today holds the end of the rope in an eternal tug of war against the state and Union was conducted as a descriptive analysis methodology qualitative and quantitative literature and landscape of public health policies , addressing the historical background of the SUS , the current model of public Policy and Health System , at the federal , state and municipal respectively the profile of municipalities , as well as municipal managers who organize and control the system in tip harder , which faces the real need and the proper user of the system, and finally proposed a new model of restorative SUS with a more municipalist reaching a primary issue : balancing organizational, financial and Manager of the Unified health.

Cette thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre de la recherche de la supersymmetrie (SUSY) avec 20.3 fb^{-1} de collisions proton-proton délivrées par le LHC et collectées par le détecteur ATLAS à sqrt{s} = 8 TeV. Si SUSY est réalisée dans la nature, des squarks (partenaires des quarks) et des gluinos (partenaires des gluons) devraient être produits à cette énergie, et on attend à ce qu'ils se désintègrent en états finaux sans electron ni muon, plusieurs jets et de l'énergie transverse manquante (due à la production de la particule SUSY la plus légère (LSP) qui traverse le détecteur sans être observée). La première partie de cette thèse consiste à définir deux régions de validation utilisées dans la procédure finale de fit visant à évaluer le bruit de fond provenant des bosons W et des top quarks qui se désintègrent en leptons tau. A partir de ce fait, et comme on n'a observé aucun excès, on dérive des limites sur les masses des particules dans des modèles simplifiés ou dans des modèles SUSY avec peu de paramètres. Une limite d'exclusion à 95% de niveau de confiance sur la masse des gluinos a été déterminée à 1330 GeV pour le modèle simplifié avec un gluino et un neutralino sans masse. Dans le cadre de mSUGRA/CMSSM avec tan beta = 30, A_0 = -2m_0 et mu > 0, les squarks et gluinos sont exclus pour des masses inférieures à 1700 GeV. L'ajout d'un véto sur les évènements avec les leptons tau est aussi explorée et l'impact sur l'exclusion a été évaluée.Le deuxième partie de cette thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre du modèle phénoménologique minimal supersymmétrique (pMSSM) où l'interprétation des résultats de l'analyse 0-lepton mentionnée ci-dessus, ainsi que les résultats d'autres analyses d'ATLAS, a été menée à bien. Le choix des paramètres et de leur domaine d'exploration a été faite sur la base de résultats non-SUSY comme les désintégrations rares des mésons B, la masse de boson de Higgs, les limites de recherche directe de la matière noire et la limite sur la densité de matière noire de l'Univers. La contribution de cette thèse commence par la validation de la sélection des évènements au niveau truth et reconstruit. Comme cette analyse est la plus contraignante dans le pMSSM, cette validation est faite avec une attention particulière. Les contraintes obtenues avec toutes les analyses sur les masses des différentes particules SUSY sont décrites, en particulier pour les squarks, gluinos et neutralinos. Les résultats sont discutés pour les types des LSP différents: bino, wino et Higgsino. Enfin, les résultats de l'analyse 0-lepton seule sont décrits et expliqués, à la fois pour les masses des sparticules et pour les valeurs des paramètres du pMSSM, puisque l'analyse 0-lepton est la seule qui permet de mettre des limites en se basant sur une procédure statistique bien définie
This thesis has been performed in the context of the search for supersymmetry (SUSY) with the 20.3 fb^{-1} of LHC proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at $sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. If SUSY is present in nature, squarks (partners of quarks) and gluinos (partners of gluons) are expected to be produced copiously at this energy, leading to events which main signature is no electron nor muon, a large number of jets and missing transverse energy (from the production of the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) leaving the detector unseen) denoted the 0-lepton analysis. The first part of the work presented in this thesis concentrates on the definition of Validation Regions used in the final fitting procedure to better assess the background coming from W-boson and top quark decays to tau leptons. From this fit, and since no excess has been observed, upper limits on various supersymmetric particles production have been derived within simplified models or SUSY models with low number of parameters. The exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino has been set to 1330 GeV for a simplified model incorporating only a gluino and the (massless) lightest neutralino. In the mSUGRA/CMSSM models with $tanbeta=30$, $A_0=-2m_0$ and $mu>0$, squarks and gluinos of equal mass have been excluded for masses below 1700 GeV. A possible addition of a veto on the events containing tau leptons was also explored by assessing its impact on the exclusion reach of the analysis.The second part of this thesis has been done under the 19 parameters phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (pMSSM) interpretation which not only uses the results of the above mentioned 0-lepton analysis but also other ATLAS searches results. The choice of the parameters and their range of exploration has been done on the basis of non-SUSY experimental results such as the rare B-decays, the mass of the SM Higgs boson, the limits from direct DM searches and the upper limit on the cold dark matter energy density of the Universe. The contribution of this thesis starts with the validation of the event selection at the truth and reconstructed levels. Knowing that this is the most constraining ATLAS analysis in the pMSSM parameter space, those checks have been performed with particular care. The constraints obtained with all the analyses on the various sparticle masses are described afterwards, concentrating on squarks, gluinos and neutralinos. The results are discussed for the different natures of the LSP: bino, wino and higgsino. Finally the 0-lepton-only results are described and further explained, first on sparticle mass planes and later on the pMSSM parameters, since only the 0-lepton analysis leads to a well defined statistical procedure that allows to derive properly all those results

El autor responde a las preguntas teniendo en cuenta la realidad del mercado de valores peruano, además de indicar quiénes serían los beneficiados o perjudicados de las opciones legislativas que se tomen. Asimismo, resultan de interés las consideraciones sobre la legalidad de ciertos acuerdos contractuales que pueden obstaculizar la finalidad perseguida por una OPA.

Esta investigación, de carácter interdisciplinario, gira en torno a las memorias y los cantos rituales de la fiesta de toma de chicha de maíz (rewinki) de los iskonawa del río Callería, pueblo indígena pano ubicado en el departamento de Ucayali (Perú). El objetivo de esta tesis es comprender los recuerdos y las significaciones que persisten en las memorias de los iskonawa respecto a los cantos asociados al rewinki. Este ritual dejó de realizarse años atrás, por lo que tanto los conceptos teóricos como la metodología empleada comprenden que se trata de un trabajo de memoria que requiere de elementos que permitan registrar y observar el recuerdo. Es por ello que, a partir de una mirada etnográfica, utilizando los aportes de la Antropología, la Etnomusicología y la Lingüística, la investigación se realizó junto con los ancianos iskonawa y sus familias. Es así que, en la introducción, se desarrollan los objetivos, la justificación, se explica la metodología y se presenta a los participantes y el lugar donde se realizó el trabajo de campo. Posteriormente, en el primer capítulo se desarrollan los antecedentes sobre el tratamiento de temas de memoria y música entre los pueblos indígenas de la Amazonía, siendo los rituales y la experiencia sobre la corporalidad transversales a ello, para luego explicar los conceptos de etnomusicología, traducción, memoria, performance ritual y cuerpo; los cuales contienen, a su vez, información metodológica utilizada en la investigación. En el capítulo II se explica qué, cómo y dónde se recuerda el ritual estableciendo una relación entre la memoria y los diferentes espacios en los que esta transita. Asimismo, se describe el ritual como una forma de comprender el espacio y las significaciones que, a través de los cantos, prevalecen en las memorias de los iskonawa. Finalmente, en el capítulo III, se presentan las características sonoras de los cantos y se analizan haciendo uso de una traducción interlingüística que abarca su modo de significar y su contexto de enunciación.
Tesis

Cinq cent vingt-neuf figurines de terre cuite provenant du site iranien de Suse et datées des époques hellénistique et parthe sont étudiées dans le but de définir quel fut l'impact de la culture grecque dans une grande ville du proche orient hellénise et de déterminer les modes de contact entre populations grecque et orientale. Les caractéristiques techniques, iconographiques et stylistiques des terres cuites sont décrites et commentées dans un catalogue, conçu en fonction des derniers développements de la recherche en matière de coroplathie et qui prend en compte les procédés de reproduction de type industriel que permet le moulage des figurines. La thèse comprend aussi un volume de synthèse organise en trois parties. Les figurines sont d'abord replacées dans leur contexte archéologique de manière à en préciser la date et la fonction. Les travaux effectués par les missions archéologiques qui fouillèrent les niveaux récents de Suse n'ont pas toujours été publiés et c'est donc l'occasion d'en présenter une étude synthétique. La deuxième partie concerne les procédés de fabrication des figurines qui sont d'abord décrits. Une comparaison avec les méthodes de fabrication plus anciennes montre que les figurines ont été produites par des coroplathes orientaux. L'étude met aussi en évidence la circulation de moules ou de figurines entre plusieurs sites de la région. La troisième partie traite de l'iconographie et du style des figurines susiennes. Elle confirme d'abord l'origine orientale des coroplathes qui adoptèrent souvent une iconographie grecque mais qui la transposèrent dans un style oriental, montre l'originalité du répertoire susien par rapport à celui des autres sites de la région et met en évidence l'importance de la culture grecque à Suse
529 figurines of terracotta dated of the hellenistic and parthian periods, which are from the Iranian site of Susa, are studied. The aim is to determine the action of the greek civilization in a great city of the near east and to examine cultural contacts between greek and oriental populations. Technical, iconographical and stylistical characters of the terracottas are discribed and commented in a catalogue which takes the evolution of the research in consideration : the use of molds allows a mechanical and industrial production of terracottas. With the catalogue, another volume is divided in three parts. First, the figurines are replaced in their archaeological context for specifying their chronology and their function. The works of the archaeological expeditions which have explored the late levels of susa had even not been published. It was interesting to present their results. The second part is about the fabrication of the figurines. If we compare the technic with the ancient ones, we can determine that the coroplasts were oriental workers. It's also possible to prove the circulation of figurines or molds from on site of the near east to another. The iconography and style of the Susian figurines are examined in the third part. The oriental origin of the coroplasts is corroborate by the fact that the workers frequently adopted a greek iconography but worked in an oriental style. The originality of the Susa's repertory and the importance of the greek culture in Susa are also showed

Les théories supersymétriques, telles que le Modèle Standard Supersymétrique Minimal, constituent des extensions très populaires du Modèle Standard de physique des particules, et sont activement recherchées au Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur deux aspects de la phénoménologie des théories supersymétriques aux collisionneurs hadroniques de haute-énergie, à savoir les collisions polarisées, et les calculs de précision. Dans un premier temps, nous réalisons une étude au Leading Order (LO), dans laquelle nous montrons comment la présence de faisceaux polarisés (longitudinalement) pourrait nous aider à différencier des modèles de Nouvelle Physique présentant la même signature à l'état final. A titre d'exemple, nous considérons le cas d'une classe particulière de scénarios, menant à la production de monotops, qui correspondent à la production d'un quark top en association avec de l'énergie transverse manquante. Nous présentons nos résultats pour un LHC polarisé à 14 TeV, et pour le récemment proposé Futur Collisionneur Circulaire (FCC), supposé opérer à 100 TeV. Par la suite, nous nous concentrons sur la réalisation de prédictions de précisions pour la production de paires de particules supersymétriques colorées au next-to-leading order (NLO) en QCD supersymétrique, avec ou sans violation non-minimale de saveur, et avec ou sans Parton Shower (PS). Plus particulièrement, nous fournissons les premiers résultats (préliminaires) pour la production de squark-antisquark au NLO en SUSY-QCD avec violation non-minimale de saveur, dans le cas d'un calcul à ordre perturbatif fixe, et considérons dans le contexte de modèles simplifiés la production par paires de particules colorées de type scalaire et Majorana au NLO avec PS
Supersymmetric theories, such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), constitute very popular extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics that are extensively searched for at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this thesis, we focus on two specific aspects of the phenomenology of supersymmetric theories at high-energy hadron colliders, namely polarized collisions and precision calculations. First, we perform a Leading Order (LO) study, in which we show how the availability of (longitudinally) polarized proton beams could us help us to disentangle various Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenarios exhibiting the same final-state signature. For the sake of illustration, we focus on the case of one particular class of scenarios leading to monotop production, which corresponds to the production of a top quark in association with missing transverse energy. We present our results for a polarized LHC at 14 TeV, and for the recently proposed Future Circular Collider (FCC), supposed to operate at 100 TeV. Then, we concentrate on precise predictions for the pair production of coloured supersymmetric particles at next-to-leading order (NLO) in supersymmetric QCD, with or without Non-Minimal Flavour Violations (NMFV), and with or without matching those predictions with Parton Showers (PS). More specifically, we provide the first preliminary results for squark-antisquark pair production at NLO in SUSY-QCD with NMFV, in the case of a fixed order calculation, and consider in the context of simplified models the pair production of coloured scalar and coloured Majorana particles at NLO matched with PS

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A sociedade brasileira và com assombro o crescimento da dependÃncia do Ãlcool e tabagismo e dos problemas de ordem biopsicossocial dela decorrente, que afetam tanto o prÃprio usuÃrio, quanto seus familiares, acarretando elevado custo econÃmico e social. No Brasil, embora o consumo de Ãlcool e de tabagismo atinja uma populaÃÃo relevante, ainda à pouco pesquisado o custo que acarreta tanto para o Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde (SUS), quanto o custo social dele decorrente. O MinistÃrio da SaÃde vem buscando o enfrentamento desta problemÃtica, por meio de uma construÃÃo coletiva de PolÃtica para a AtenÃÃo Integral ao Uso de Ãlcool e Outras Drogas. Este trabalho visa contribuir com a avaliaÃÃo dos custos para a saÃde associados ao Ãlcool e ao tabagismo sob a perspectiva do Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde. Assim, para o propÃsito deste trabalho, serÃo considerados os dados e informaÃÃes disponibilizadas pelos sistemas de informaÃÃo dos ÃrgÃos federais, estaduais e municipais.
The Brazilian society views with astonishment the growth of alcohol dependence and smoking and the problems of biopsychosocial order resulting therefrom, which affect both the users themselves, as their families, causing high economic and social cost. In Brazil, although the consumption of alcohol and tobacco reaches a relevant population, it is still poorly researched the cost it entails for both the Unified Health System (SUS), as the social costs arising therefrom. The Ministry of Health has sought to confront this problem through a collective construction of Policy for Integral Attention to the Use of Alcohol and Other Drugs. This work aims to contribute to the assessment of the costs to health associated with alcohol and smoking from the perspective of the National Health System. Thus, for the purpose of this work will be considered the data and information provided by the information systems of federal agencies, state and municipal.

Le Modèle Standard de la physique des particules est un modèle décrivant très bien les particules élémentaires et leurs interactions mais plusieurs raisons motivent les physiciens à rechercher de la physique au-delà de ce modèle. La supersymétrie correspond à une des extensions les plus prometteuses. La thèse est axée sur deux sujets, et repose sur les données acquises en 2015 et 2016 avec le détecteur ATLAS du LHC (CERN):La première partie est un travail de performance permettant d'améliorer la mesure de l'énergie des jets de particules. Ces objets sont générés par l'hadronisation des quarks et des gluons par interaction nucléaire forte et sont difficiles à reconstruire. Ma contribution correspond à la dernière étape et repose entièrement sur les données. La méthode se base sur les mesures effectuées sur les photons qui servent d'objets de référence. Mon travail a consisté à mettre en place la méthode, estimer les corrections en énergie et évaluer les incertitudes. Les corrections obtenues sont de l'ordre de 2-3% en fonction de l'énergie des jets. L'incertitude sur l'échelle en énergie des jets est estimée à environ 1% pour les trois types de jets étudiés. Les résultats sont actuellement utilisés par la collaboration ATLAS. Cette méthode permet également de mesurer la résolution en énergie des jets du détecteur. Une résolution de l'ordre de 17%-22% est obtenue à 40 GeV en fonction du type de jet étudié, et 4% à 1 TeV, avec une incertitude de l'ordre de 10%.La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la recherche d'un signal de supersymétrie. Le signal recherché correspond à la production d'une paire de squarks ou de gluinos et comprend des jets et de l'énergie transverse manquante dans l'état final. Mon travail porte principalement sur l'optimisation des critères de sélections en se basant sur plusieurs modèles simplifiés de supersymétrie. Neuf nouvelles régions de signal ont été introduites dans l'analyse. Les limites tracées au cours du Run 1 sur la masse des squarks et gluinos ont ainsi été augmentées pour atteindre une valeur maximale respective de l'ordre de 1.6 TeV et 2 TeV sur les modèles étudiés
The Standard Model of particle physics is a very precise model describing the elementary particles and their interactions. However, some issues lead physicists to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. Supersymmetry is an extension of the Standard Model providing solutions to the current issues. In this thesis, results are obtained using the data collected in 2015 and 2016 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC (CERN). The thesis is based in two parts:The first part is a performance analysis improving the energy measurement of high energy objects called "jets". They are generated by the hadronization of quarks and gluons in the detector via the strong nuclear interaction. My contribution is the last step of the the reconstruction and calibration chain and is fully based on data. The method uses the very precise measurement of the photon energy, and provides corrections to the jet energy scale. My contribution consists in set-up the method, estimate the corrections, measure the jet energy scale and evaluate the uncertainties. Corrections are at the order of 2-3% as a function of the jet energy scale. The uncertainty of the jet energy scale is estimated to be at the order of 1% for the three jet types. Results are now used by the ATLAS Collaboration. This method is also used to estimate the jet energy resolution. A resolution at the order of 17%-22% at 40 GeV depending on the jet type, and 4% at 1 TeV is obtained with an uncertainty at the order of 10%.The second part of the thesis corresponds to the search for supersymmetry. The signal corresponds to a pair of supersymmetric particles called squarks and gluinos and corresponds to jets and missing transverse energy in the final state. My contribution mainly corresponds to the optimisation of the selections using several simplified models of supersymmetry. Nine signal regions have been introduced in the analysis. Limits on the mass of squarks and gluinos computed during the Run 1 have been greatly improved to reach a maximal value respectively at the order of 1.6 TeV and 2 TeV

En este trabajo presentamos un estudio del análisis de correspondencias que bajo ciertas hipótesis esto repercute como una extensión del análisis matemático clásico; en particular se estudia un resultado equivalente al teorema do la función implícita, cuya importancia es amplia por ejemplo cuando las restricciones de un problema de minimización forman un sistema de desigualdades. También describimos algu¬nas condiciones impuestas a las funciones para la obtención del conjunto de puntos mínimos mediante límites de correspondencias.

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A presente investigação teve como objetivo analisar como vem se dando o conhecimento dos discentes de enfermagem sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo realizado com discentes de três escolas da cidade do Salvador; uma pesquisa qualitativa cujos dados foram coletados através de Entrevistas semi-estruturadas e os discursos analisados à luz da literatura publicada sobre o objeto deste estudo, utilizando a Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Das falas dos sujeitos emergiram duas categorias de análise: Caracterização do Sistema Único de Saúde e Cenários de Aprendizagem. Os resultados apontaram que os estudantes possuem visões diversas sobre o SUS; os princípios e diretrizes do SUS são parcialmente conhecidos pelos estudantes; as ações de promoção, proteção e recuperação da saúde são relatadas como serviços oferecidos pelo SUS. Entre as estratégias utilizadas pelas escolas/cursos para a construção do conhecimento sobre o SUS estão a diversificação dos cenários de aprendizagem e as atividades de pesquisa e extensão. As Diretrizes Curriculares dos Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem têm provocado mudanças nos currículos e projetos pedagógicos das escolas/cursos. Essas mudanças, no entanto, não tem sido capazes de provocar transformações significativas na formação das enfermeiras, a qual ainda está voltada para as atividades de recuperação da saúde, desenvolvidas de forma fragmentada e desarticulada com as necessidades de saúde da população. Os cenários de aprendizagem mudaram, a pesquisa e extensão foram incorporadas à formação, mas as práticas desenvolvidas continuam fragmentando o saber e atendendo a lógica do atendimento individual e curativo.
Salvador

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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la poética bilingüe de la escritora y poeta paraguaya Susy Delgado, que además de dar voz a la mujer valoriza ambas las lenguas nacionales en su escrita en el libro Cuando se apaga el takuá, a través del poema que abre el libro, (Cuando suena el takuá) aún trae la memoria de la cultura guaraní que hace mucho tiempo ha sido olvidada. De acuerdo con Octavio Paz Los poetas han sido la memoria de sus pueblos. (PAZ, 1990, p.101). Es justamente eso que percibimos en Susy Delgado, la poeta siendo memoria de su pueblo. En algunos poemas la poeta se hace la portadora de la memoria, repasando o recordando lo que muchos se olvidaron de la cultura guarani. Desde el inicio de la colonización de América el colonizador impuso su lengua y su cultura sobre la del indígena, sin embargo, en Paraguay hubo una resistencia y la lengua guaraní se mantuvo viva hasta hoy, aunque sea más hablada por la población del interior. El país es híbrido desde se formación, la cultura y la lengua hablada hoy en el país es resultado de este hibridismo que comenzó con la colonización. De acuerdo con Natalia Krivoshein de Canese, el fenómeno del hibridismo cultural en Paraguay todavía no ha sido estudiado lo suficiente para saber qué proporción de cada cultura originaria entró en la mezcla resultante e hay quien discuta sobre si en el país hay una o dos culturas. Los estudios de Maurice Halbwachs, Jacques Le Goff y Michael Pollak darán base para los análisis que se refieren a la memoria
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a poética bilíngue da escritora e poeta paraguaia Susy Delgado, que, além de dar voz à mulher, valoriza ambas as línguas nacionais em sua escrita e no livro Cuando se apaga el takuá, através do poema que abre o livro, (Cuando suena el takuá) ainda traz a memória da cultura guarani que há muito tempo foi esquecida. Nas palavras de Octavio Paz, Los poetas han sido la memoria de sus pueblos. (PAZ, 1990, p. 101). É justamente isso que vemos em Susy Delgado, a poeta servindo de memória do seu povo. Em alguns poemas a poeta se torna a portadora da memória, repassando ou relembrando o que muitos esqueceram ou não conhecem da cultura guarani. Desde o inicio da colonização da América o colonizador impôs sua língua e sua cultura sobre a do indígena, no entanto, no Paraguai houve uma resistência e a língua guarani se mantém viva até hoje, mesmo que seja falada mais pela população do interior. O país é híbrido desde sua formação, a cultura e a língua falada hoje no país é resultado desse hibridismo que começou com a colonização. De acordo com Natalia Krivoshein de Canese o fenômeno do hibridismo cultural no Paraguai ainda não foi estudado o suficiente para saber que proporção de cada cultura originária entrou na mescla resultante e há quem discuta sobre se no país há uma ou duas culturas. Os estudos de Maurice Halbwachs, Jacques Le Goff e Michael Pollak darão sustentação às análises referentes à memória

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
In the original Randall􀀀Sundrum model, the 5D gravity is coupled to a negative cosmological constant and a 3􀀀brane sourced by a delta function. The solution in such setup is a symmetric solution given in terms of two copies of AdS5 spaces patched together along the 3􀀀brane. Although in this setup the fifth dimension is infinite the volume of the 5D bulk space is infinite because the geometry is warped. As a consequence this allows having graviton zero mode responsible for 4D gravity on the brane. This is not necessarily true for spaces whose volume diverges, because no zero mode emerges anymore. We investigate the localization of metastable 4D gravity around a assymetric flat brane and a bent dilatonic brane, embedded into a 5D space, that exists only up to distances suficiently small compared to a crossover scale. Far from such scale, 5D effects causing deviations in Newtonian potential. In this thesis, we present a study on this effect considering the location of massive gravity on a asymmetric flat brane and non-BPS and BPS bent dilatonic 3􀀀brane solutions of a supergravity 5D. The parameters control the thickness of the membrane also control the crossover scale of the first case. In the other hand, the cosmological constant on the bent brane controls the size of the crossover scale in second case. For suficiently small positive cosmological constant, that is in accord with the present observations, the crossover scale becomes very large. Thus, as emphasized in Gregory-Rubakov-Sibiryakov (GRS) and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) scenarios, we shall focus on the main beautiful characteristic of the 4D metastable gravity, that is the fact that where as gravity becomes four-dimensional for distances very much smaller than the crossover scale, it emerges as a 5D gravity for distances very much larger than such scale. In doing so, we will find the Newtonian potential induced by the gravity massive modes of a Schroedinger-like equation for the gravity fluctuations around the brane solutions.
No modelo de Randall􀀀Sundrum, a gravidade 5D está acoplada à uma constantecosmológica negativa e uma 3􀀀brana é originado por uma função delta. A solução nestaconfiguração é simétrica, e dada em termos de duas cópias de espaços AdS5 unidos ao longoda 3􀀀brana. Embora a quinta dimensão seja infinita, o volume formado pelo espaço maior5D é finito, pois a geometria é deformada e esta, permite termos um modo de zero grávitonresponsável pela gravidade 4D na brana. Isso não é necessário verdade para espaços cujovolume diverge, porque nenhum modo de zero emerge mais. Nós investigamos a localizaçãode gravidade 4D, metaestável, em torno de branas mergulhadas em um espaço 5D, que sóexiste até distâncias suficientemente pequenas em comparação com uma escala de crossover.Longe de tal escala, efeitos 5D desviam fortemente o potencial Newtoniano potencial. Nestatese, estudamos esse efeito, considerando a localização de gravidade em soluções tipo 3􀀀branaplana assimétrica, e 3􀀀branas curvas dilatônicas, não􀀀BPS e BPS, que se originam deuma supergravidade 5D. No primeiro caso, os parâmetros que controlam a largura da branaassimétrica também controlam o tamanho da escala de crossover. Por outro lado, a constantecosmológica (positiva) na brana curva dilatônica controla o tamanho da escala de crossoverno segundo caso. Para uma constante cosmológica suficiente pequena, que está de acordo comas observações atuais, a escala de crossover se torna muito grande. Tal como nos cenáriosde Gregory-Rubakov-Sibiryakov (GRS) e Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP), nosso foco é ainteressante característica da gravidade é metaestável 4D, para distâncias muito menoresdo que a escala de crossover, que surge como uma gravidade 5D para distâncias muito muitomaior do que tal escala. Ao fazer isso, vamos encontrar o potencial Newtoniano induzido pelosmodos massivos de gravidade oriundos de uma equação tipo Schroedinger para as flutuaçõesda gravidade em torno das soluções tipo branas.

In this thesis, we present two current topics in theoretical high energy physics: We construct the Lagrangian of a deformed supergravity theory on a manifold with a non-trivial spacetime boundary by using the geometric (or rheonomic) approach and we discuss and analyze the supersymmetry invariance of the theory. Separately, we compute some scattering amplitudes in a supersymmetric conformal field theory with the Superspace formalism and Feynman superdiagrams. These two different topics conceptually achieve a contact point through the so-called AdS/CFT duality, which is actually one of the most flourishing fields in theoretical physics today. In the supergravity limit of string theory, this duality outlines a one-to-one correspondence between operators in the CFT on the boundary and the fields of the supergravity theory in the bulk. It could constitute a possible theoretical path towards the building of a theory of quantum gravity, which is the last piece needed to complete the puzzle of unified fundamental interactions. Precisely, we first give an overview of some aspects about supersymmetry, supergravity and AdS/CFT duality, in order to introduce the main two parts of the thesis: On one hand, the study of a particular supergravity theory, which will be referred to as D = 4 generalized AdS-Lorentz deformed supergravity theory, in the presence of a non-trivial boundary (that is when the boundary of spacetime is not thought as set at infinity); on the other hand, the computation of a 1-loop MHV reduced amplitude in N = 2 SCQCD (in D = 4). In the first topic discussed in this thesis, supersymmetry is understood as a local symmetry; indeed, we are dealing with a supergravity theory. On the converse, in the second part of this dissertation, supersymmetry is a global symmetry.

Sus1 is a conserved protein involved in chromatin remodeling and mRNA biogenesis. The SUS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unusual, as it contains two introns and is alternatively spliced, retaining one or both introns in response to changes in environmental conditions. SUS1 splicing may allow the cell to control Sus1 expression, but the mechanisms that regulate this process remain unknown. In this thesis project, we have investigated whether the structure adopted by SUS1 RNA sequences contributes to regulate the splicing of this gene. Using in silico analyses together with NMR spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis and UV thermal denaturation experiments, we first show that the downstream intron (I2) of SUS1 forms a weakly-stable, 37-nucleotide stem-loop structure containing the branch site near its apical loop and the 3' splice site after the stem terminus. A cellular assay revealed that two of four mutants containing altered I2 structures had significantly impaired SUS1 expression. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated that all mutants accumulated unspliced SUS1 pre-mRNA and/or induced distorted levels of fully spliced mRNA relative to wild-type. Concomitantly, Sus1 cellular functions in histone H2B deubiquitination and mRNA export were affected in I2 hairpin mutants that inhibited splicing. The second part of the thesis project focuses on the exon located between the two introns of the SUS1 gene. This middle exon (E2) can be skipped during splicing, is generated in circular form, and has been found to influence the splicing of the flanking introns, an unusual situation in budding yeast where splicing mainly relies on intron recognition. Using NMR spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, UV thermal denaturation and ribose 2'-OH modification experiments combined with computational predictions, we show that E2 of SUS1 comprises a conserved double-helical stem topped by a three-way junction. One of the hairpins emerging from the junction exhibited significant thermal stability and was closed by an unusually structured purine-rich loop. This loop contained two consecutive sheared G:A base pairs and was structurally related to the substrate loop of the VS ribozyme. Cellular assays revealed that three mutants containing altered E2 structures had impaired SUS1 expression and that a compensatory mutation restoring the conserved stem recovered expression to wild-type levels. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR experiments indicated that all mutants were capable of altering the quantities of unspliced and/or fully-spliced SUS1 RNA transcripts relative to wildtype. Overall, the results gathered in this thesis project indicate that RNA structures formed by the middle exon and the second intron of the S. cerevisiae SUS1 gene are relevant for splicing and also influence other processes of SUS1 mRNA biogenesis.
Sus1 es una proteína conservada implicada en remodelación de cromatina y biogénesis de moléculas de ARNm. El gen SUS1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae es peculiar, ya que contiene dos intrones y sufre un proceso de ayuste (corte y empalme) alternativo, reteniendo uno o ambos intrones en respuesta a cambios en las condiciones ambientales. El ayuste del ARNpre-m de SUS1 puede permitir a la célula controlar la expresión de la proteína Sus1, pero los mecanismos que regulan este proceso son poco conocidos. En este proyecto de tesis hemos investigado si la estructura adoptada por secuencias de ARN de SUS1 contribuye a regular el proceso de ayuste de este gen. Utilizando análisis in silico junto con espectroscopia de RMN, electroforesis en gel y experimentos de desnaturalización térmica monitorizados por UV, primero demostramos que el ARN del segundo intrón (I2) del gen SUS1 forma una horquilla débilmente estable de 37 nucleótidos. Esta horquilla contiene nucleótidos del sitio de ramificación (branch site) en su bucle apical y nucleótidos del sitio 3' de empalme adyacentes al extremo inferior del tallo. A través de ensayos funcionales descubrimos que dos de cuatro mutantes que alteran la estructura de la horquilla I2 exhibían peor expresión de SUS1. Experimentos de RT-PCR semicuantitativos indicaron que todos los mutantes acumularon ARNpre-m SUS1 no ayustado y/o indujeron cambios en los niveles de ARNm maduro con respecto a la secuencia silvestre. Además, las funciones celulares de Sus1 relativas a desubicuitinación de histona H2B y transporte de ARNm se vieron afectadas en los mutantes de la horquilla I2 que inhibían el proceso de ayuste. La segunda parte de la memoria de tesis se centra en el análisis del exón central (E2) situado entre los dos intrones del gen SUS1. Este exón puede eliminarse durante el proceso de ayuste, se genera en forma circular, e influye en el procesamiento de los intrones adyacentes, una situación inusual para las regiones exónicas de S. cerevisiae, donde el ayuste se basa principalmente en el reconocimiento de intrones. Utilizando experimentos de espectroscopía de RMN, electroforesis en gel, desnaturalización térmica y modificación química combinados con predicciones computacionales, demostramos que el ARN del exón E2 de SUS1 forma un tallo conservado de doble hélice coronado por una intersección de tres hélices. Una de las horquillas que emergen de esta intersección presentó una estabilidad térmica significativa, así como un bucle apical rico en purinas inusualmente estructurado. Este bucle contiene dos pares de bases G:A consecutivos y está estructuralmente relacionado con el bucle de substrato de la ribozima VS. Ensayos celulares revelaron que tres mutantes con estructuras modificadas de E2 exhibían peor expresión de SUS1, y que una mutación compensatoria que restauraba el tallo conservado recuperaba la expresión a los niveles de la secuencia silvestre. Experimentos de RT-PCR semicuantitativos indicaron que todos los mutantes de E2 eran capaces de alterar las cantidades de transcritos ayustados y no ayustados de SUS1 con respecto a la secuencia silvestre. En general, los resultados obtenidos en este proyecto de tesis indican que las estructuras de ARN formadas por el exón central y el segundo intrón del gen SUS1 de S. cerevisiae son relevantes para el ayuste y otros procesos implicados en la biogénesis del ARNm del gen SUS1.
Sus1 és una proteïna conservada implicada a la remodelació de la cromatina i la biogènesi de l'ARNm. El gen SUS1 de Saccharomyces cerevisiae és inusual, ja que conté dos introns i s'empalma de manera alternativa, retenint un o ambdós introns en resposta a canvis en les condicions ambientals. L'empalmament de SUS1 pot permetre a la cèl·lula controlar l'expressió de Sus1, però els mecanismes que regulen aquest procés són segueixen sent desconeguts. En aquest projecte de tesi investiguem si l'estructura adoptada per seqüències d'ARN de SUS1 contribueix a regular l'empalmament d'aquest gen. Emprant anàlisi in silico juntament amb espectrometria de RMN, electroforesi en gel i experiments de desnaturalització tèrmica d'UV, es mostra primer que l'intró aigües a baix (I2) de SUS1 forma una estructura de forqueta de 37 nucleòtids feblement estable que conté el lloc de la branca a prop del seu bucle apical; i el lloc d'empalmamnet 3¿ després de l'extrem de la forqueta. Un assaig cel·lular va revelar que dos de quatre mutants que contenien estructures alterades de l'I2 havien modificat significativament l'expressió de SUS1. Els experiments semi-quantitatius de RT-PCR van indicar que tots els mutants acumulaven el pre-ARNm madur respecte al tipus salvatge. Concomitantment, les funcions cel·lulars de Sus1 a la desubiqüitinació de la histona H2B i l'exportació d'ARNm es van veure afectats als mutants de la forqueta d'I2 que inhibeixen l'empalmament. La segona part del projecte de tesi se centra a l'exó situat entre els dos introns del gen SUS1. Aquest exó (E2) es pot ometre durant l'empalmament, es genera amb forma circular, i s'ha trobat que influeix a l'empalmamet dels introns que flanquegen, una situació inusual al llevat on l'empalmament està basat principalment al reconeixement d'introns. Emprant espectroscòpia de RMN, electroforesi en gel, desnaturalització tèrmica d'UV i experiments de modificació de ribosa 2¿-OH combinats amb prediccions computacionals, mostrem que E2 de SUS1 comprén un tall conservat de doble hèlix corornat per una unió de tres vies. Una de les forquetes que emergeixen de la unió, va mostrar una estabilitat tèrmica significativa i va ser tapada per un bucle ric en purina inusualment estructurat. Aquest bucle contenia dos pars de bases G:A tallats consecutivament i estava estructuralment relacionat amb el bucle de substrat del ribozim VS. Els assajos cel·lulars van revelar que tres mutants que contenien estructures alterades de E2 havien alterat l'expressió de SUS1 i que una mutació compensatòria que restaurava el tall conservat recuperava l'expressió a nivells del tipus salvatge. Els assajos cel·lulars van revelat que tres mutants que contenien estructures alterades d'E2 havien alterat l'expressió de SUS1 i que una mutació compensatòria que restaurava el tall conservat recuperava l'expressió a nivell d'un tipus salvatge. Els experiments semi-quantitatius de RT-PCR van indicar que tots els mutants eren capaços d'alterar les quantitats de transcrits d'ARN de SUS1 no empalmats i/o empalmats en relació amb el tipus salvatge. En general, els resultats obtinguts en aquesta investigació indiquen que les estructures d'ARN formades per l'exó mitjà i el segon intró de SUS1 de S. cerevisiae són rellevants per l'empalmament i també influeixen a altres processos de biogènesi de l'ARN de SUS1
Abuqattam, AN. (2017). IDENTIFICATION OF RNA STRUCTURES MODULATING THE EXPRESSION OF THE mRNA BIOGENESIS FACTOR SUS1 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90524
TESIS

Higher-derivative operators play a fundamental role in the development of effective field theories. This thesis deals with the study of such operators in the context of the effective low-energy theory of type IIB superstring theory. In particular, we revisit a past attempt to find the supersymmetric form of the higher-derivatives for the D7-brane modulus in an orbifold compactification at the level of a globally supersymmetric theory. These higher-derivatives descend from the Dirac-Born-Infeld action of the D7-brane. Starting from the component Lagrangian the task is to identify the supersymmetric higher-derivative operator which reproduces the component terms. To this end, we develop a new systematic approach to determine this supersymmetric form and test it for the present example.

Les désintégrations B->l l sont supprimées d'hélicité et se produisent à travers des courants neutres changeant la saveur. Elles sont donc extrêmement rares dans le modèle standard (MS). La physique au-delà du MS pourrait donc modifier substantiellement la valeur des rapports d'embranchement prédits par le MS. Ces prédictions étant très précises, mesurer leur valeurs constitue un test incontournable du MS.Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont contribué à l'établissement de la première évidence de la désintégration Bs->mu mu avec LHCb. Une méthode statistique a ete développée pour extraire et combiner les limites sur les rapports d'embranchement et calculer la signifiance des signaux. A partir de ces acquis statistiques, une méthode originale a été conçue pour re-optimiser les catégories dans lesquelles les candidats sont classés améliorant ainsi la sensibilité de l'analyse de 14%. D'autre part, une étude sur la phénoménologie des interférences entre le mélange de saveur des mésons Bs et leur désintégration a mis en évidence une subtile dépendance de l'analyse avec le modèle physique considéré. La prise en compte de cette dépendance permet de contraindre plus fortement la nouvelle physique. Enfin une méthode de reconstruction topologique inclusive des évènements a été développée et testée, notamment pour reconstruire les candidats Bs->tau tau avec tau->pi pi pi nu
The B->l l decays are helicity suppressed and process through flavour changing neutral currents. They are extremely rare in the standard model (SM). Thus physics beyond SM could modify their branching ratio up to an observable level. As the theoretical predictions are very precise, these modes are golden channels to probe the SM.The works presented in this thesis have contributed to the establishment of the first evidence of the Bs->mu mu decay. A statistical method has been built to extract and combine limits on the decays branching fraction and to compute signals significance. On the basis of this work, an original method was developed to re-optimised the categories used to classified the candidates which improved the analysis sensitivity by 14%. A study of the interplay between the flavour mixing of the Bs and its decay demonstrated that the analysis results are model dependent. Accounting for this dependency allows to improve constraints on new physics. Finally, an inclusive topological reconstruction was developed and tested in particular to reconstruct Bs->tau tau candidates with tau->pi pi pi nu

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Physics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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O suic?dio, decis?o de dar fim a pr?pria vida, historicamente, tem sido objeto de profundas reflex?es por parte do homem. A etiologia multifatorial desse comportamento tem sido cada vez mais reconhecida, sendo este ato letal fatal, via de regra, resultante de uma a??o rec?proca de fatores biol?gicos, psicol?gicos, psiqui?tricos e s?cioecon?micos, religiosos entre outros. Dessa forma, a tem?tica do suic?dio necessita ser compreendida a partir de todos estes olhares com vistas a uma interven??o mais completa e integrada no ?mbito do seu tratamento e preven??o. No dia 11 de setembro de 2001, o suic?dio ganhou uma notoriedade talvez nunca antes imaginada; a destrutividade do ser humano se mostrou ilimitada, e palavras como fundamentalismo, homens-bomba e suic?dio religioso passaram a ser lugares-comuns nas mentes ocidentais. O presente trabalho de doutorado tem por objetivo elaborar um entendimento psicanal?tico das rela??es entre suic?dio e Islamismo. A tese enfatiza a import?ncia do papel da religi?o em rela??o ao comportamento suicida como elemento coercitivo ou facilitador do mesmo, na depend?ncia de como essa religi?o ? utilizada pelo indiv?duo. Esta tese ? composta de tr?s se??es, uma te?rica e duas emp?ricas. A primeira se??o, te?rica, denomina-se A puls?o de morte freudiana e procura retratar a import?ncia do modelo pulsional freudiano com ?nfase nas express?es de destrutividade, segundo Freud, advindas das puls?es de morte. Esta se??o procura oferecer sustenta??o te?rica ?s duas se??es emp?ricas. A segunda se??o da tese apresenta os achados de pesquisa junto a cinco participantes, indiv?duos educados dentro dos princ?pios religiosos isl?micos, que responderam a uma ficha de dados pessoais e sociodemogr?ficos e a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. A an?lise das entrevistas permitiu a identifica??o de conte?dos que foram codificados em categorias de respostas por meio da t?cnica de An?lise de Conte?do de Bardin, na proposta de Moraes. Para a interpreta??o dos dados, lan?ou-se m?o do instrumental psicanal?tico fundamentado nos referenciais freudianos acrescido de literatura especifica acerca da religi?o isl?mica. Esta se??o emp?rica, denominada Suic?dio e Islamismo: um olhar psicanal?tico, procura examinar as rela??es da religi?o isl?mica com o ato autodestrutivo fatal, estudando as diferentes vertentes do Islamismo (tradicional e fundamentalista) com suas concep??es antag?nicas em rela??o ao suic?dio, a primeira, inibindo-o de forma coercitiva, e a segunda, estimulando a livre express?o pulsional tan?tica. A terceira se??o da tese, intitulada Suic?dio Fundamentalista: uma compreens?o psicanal?tica via mecanismo de clivagem do ego, prop?e uma hip?tese de entendimento acerca da mente do suicida fundamentalista baseada no emprego do mecanismo da clivagem do ego. Fragmentos de uma entrevista com um indiv?duo isl?mico simpatizante do Isl? fundamentalista ilustra a hip?tese aventada. De maneira geral, os resultados obtidos nesta tese permitem demonstrar o quanto uma religi?o, na depend?ncia de como ? utilizada, pode conduzir um indiv?duo tanto ? coes?o quanto ? desintegra??o, ? harmonia ou ao conflito e, em ?ltima inst?ncia, ao suic?dio ou, ao contr?rio, ? preserva??o da vida.

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The dissertation presents a study of political assessment of the National Policy on Humane Care and Management of the SUS (PNH), also called HUMANIZASUS, was drafted and introduced in 2004, for a specific Working Group organized by the Ministry of Health Research developed sought effort to analyze and clarify issues and criteria for the process of designing and engineering the policy itself. To that end, we traced the historical analysis of SUS in the context of the Brazilian health panorama from the Sanitation Movement, in order to demarcate the aspects and determining factors of the development scenario of the HNP and enable the evaluation here intended. From the historical overview tracing the origins and the humanization of the government agenda, emit judgments about the ethical and political reference considered by policy makers, and we evaluate the coherence and relevance of the proposal, through the elements which constitute its structure.
A dissertação apresenta estudo de avaliação política da Política Nacional de Humanização da Atenção e Gestão do SUS (PNH), denominada também de HUMANIZASUS, que foi elaborada e instaurada em 2004, por Grupo de Trabalho específico organizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. A pesquisa desenvolvida buscou esforço no sentido de analisar e elucidar questões e critérios referentes ao processo de formulação e engenharia da política propriamente dita. Para tanto, foi traçada análise histórica do contexto do SUS no panorama de saúde brasileiro, desde o Movimento Sanitário, tendo em vista demarcar os aspectos e fatores condicionantes do cenário de elaboração da PNH e possibilitar a avaliação aqui pretendida. A partir do apanhado histórico traçado e das origens da humanização na agenda de governo, emite-se julgamento acerca do referencial ético-político considerado pelos formuladores da política, bem como avalia-se a coerênca e pertinência da proposta, através dos elementos que constituem sua estrutura.

Orientador: Gastão Wagner de Souza Campos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Este trabalho discute os paradoxos e contradições associados à implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde num contexto sócio-político marcado pelas expectativas de mudança na condução da política de saúde no Brasil. O objeto de investigação foi a produção discursiva e deliberativa sobre o processo de gestão compartilhada do SUS produzida nas instâncias de pactuação e de controle social, em âmbito nacional. Buscou-se avaliar o significado das decisões produzidas nesse processo, inquirindo se estavam coerentes com as expectativas de mudança na gestão do SUS e se estavam orientadas para a racionalização do sistema. Para tanto, analisou-se a agenda, as decisões e os debates produzidos no Conselho Nacional de Saúde, na Comissão Tripartite e na 12ª Conferência Nacional de Saúde. A análise teve por referência a produção discursiva sobre a reforma sanitária e orientou-se pelo pressuposto de que as mudanças implementadas nesses dois anos não corresponderam às expectativas dos que reclamavam essas transformações. Os resultados do estudo permitiram afirmar esse descompasso entre experiência e expectativa e que, no período estudado, as mudanças na organização e na gestão do SUS não superaram os déficits de racionalidade encontrados e mantiveram um caráter incremental. Avaliou-se que não se conformaram projetos de mudança nos arranjos e nos mecanismos de gestão do SUS e que o conflito federativo e a disputa de interesses no âmbito setorial dificultaram a construção de consensos políticos sobre os rumos da mudança. A necessidade de questionar os discursos e as práticas de gestão vigentes no SUS é apontada como caminho para a construção de alternativas que superem os gargalos e os limites na implementação da política de saúde
Abstract: This work discusses the paradoxes and contradictions associated to the implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS) in a social-political context characterized by the changing expectations in the management of health politicies in Brazil. As investigation subject, it was considered the discursive and deliberative production about the process of shared administration of SUS, produced in the levels of agreement and social control, in national extent. It was intended to evaluate the meaning of the decisions in that process, inquiring if they were coherent with the changing expectations in the administration of SUS and if they were guided for the rationalization of the system. For this achievement, it was analyzed the agenda, the decisions and the debates in National Council of Health, in the Comissão Tripartite and in the 12th National Conference of Health. The analysis had for reference the discursive production on the sanitary reform and it was guided by the premise that the changes implemented on those two years did not correspond to the expectations of the ones that claimed for those transformations. The results of this study permit us to confirm the lack of synchronization between experience and expectation, and that ,in the studied period, the changes in the organization and in the administration of SUS did not overcome the rationality deficits, and they maintained an incremental character. It was evaluated that they did not build change projects in the arrangements and in the mechanisms of administration of SUS, and that the federative conflict and dispute involving sectorial interests hindered the construction of political consensus on the directions of such change. It is enhanced the need of questioning the speeches and the effective administration practices in the SUS as a way to the construction of alternatives that overcome the limits of the implementation of the health policy
Doutorado
Saude Coletiva
Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Luis Sakihama. Innovation and Labs Manager in MDP Consulting
IA Hackathon Latam. Buscamos que los equipos presenten prototipos de desarrollo funcionales basados en los servicios de la tecnología de inteligencia artificial como chatbots, machine learning, visión computacional, deep learning, entre otros, con la finalidad de mejorar los servicios High Education.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde.
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Pesquisa convergente-assistencial com um grupo de enfermeiros que atuam em saúde pública, proporcionando um espaço educativo-cuidativo que possibilitou reflexões do seu cotidiano profissional, balizando o seu preparo formal e institucional em relação aos princípios do SUS. Pelo acompanhamento dos acadêmicos e dos enfermeiros recém-formados percebia-se que havia descompassos entre a formação do enfermeiro na graduação e seu desempenho profissional na área de saúde pública. O marco conceitual foi centralizado nos princípios do SUS - universalidade, integralidade, descentralização, eqüidade e participação social - e em alguns princípios da pedagogia libertadora. Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, de visitas às unidades básicas de saúde de alguns participantes e das reflexões críticas das vivências dos enfermeiros durante encontros com o grupo convergente, foram obtidos os dados, os quais, transcritos, lidos e relidos resultaram em códigos-chaves, sendo agrupados em categorias que geraram os principais temas deste estudo. Verificou-se que os enfermeiros possuem consistente preparo para as atividades técnicas e uma auto-imagem positiva, porém apresentam despreparo em vários aspectos: pouca participação político-profissional, inexpressiva participação social, ausência de reflexão crítica da sua práxis, entre outros. Ficou evidente que os enfermeiros deste estudo não receberam o devido preparo (tanto na graduação como na sua instituição) para atuar em consonância com a atual política de saúde, porém apontam alternativas para sua resolução e inovações na sua prática cotidiana.

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Florianópolis, 2014.
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O direito à saúde atualmente descrito em nossa Constituição é resultado de muitas lutas e reivindicações. A criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) - que prevê assistência equânime, universal e integral, por meio de rede regionalizada e organizada conforme as diretrizes da descentralização - e o direito da população em ser partícipe na gestão deste Sistema reforçam o compromisso do governo para com os usuários do SUS. Perfeito seria se tudo funcionasse da forma preconizada, mas infelizmente o que se encontra descrito nas Políticas de Saúde nem sempre condiz com o que é vislumbrado na prática, a começar pelo acesso do usuário aos seus serviços. Este estudo objetiva compreender como se dá o acesso do usuário não agendado com quadro agudo de baixa complexidade ou em situação de urgência e emergência nos Centros de Saúde (CS) e Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) de um município no sul do país na perspectiva do trabalhador que realiza o primeiro contato com os usuários nestes serviços de saúde. Trata-se de estudo exploratório descritivo de natureza qualitativa executado em duas UPA e dez CS, indicados pela gestão do município onde se desenvolveu o estudo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 21 trabalhadores que realizam o primeiro contato com os usuários. A seleção dos trabalhadores ocorreu de forma aleatória, sendo escolhidos dois trabalhadores da UPA Sul, dois da UPA Norte, e dezessete trabalhadores de dez CS representando os cinco distritos sanitários (Norte, Sul, Leste, Oeste, Centro) do município em estudo. A opção pelo trabalhador da recepção como sujeito do estudo se deu por acreditar na importância do seu papel para o acesso do usuário ao serviço de saúde. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de 28 de janeiro de 2014 a 15 de março de 2014, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas após o consentimento dos entrevistados e assinatura do termode consentimento livre e esclarecido. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), sob o parecer nº 503.976, seguindo as recomendações da Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Os dados foram analisados segundo o método de Análise de Conteúdo considerando a Política da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS), nela compreendida a Rede de Atenção às Urgências e Emergências (RUE) do SUS à luz da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH). Os resultados revelaram que o acesso do usuário não agendado com quadro agudo de baixa complexidade ou em situação de urgência e emergência, no município em estudo, não ocorre conforme o preconizado pela PNH e pela RAS. Compreendeu-se que o trabalhador que atua na recepção dos serviços de saúde é protagonista do acesso, ou não, do usuário na rede; as atividades deste trabalhador sofrem influência do meio (forma pela qual está organizado o serviço, condições de trabalho, relacionamento entre a equipe, entre outras); e, existem diversos fatores que cooperam ou obstam o acesso do usuário, principalmente nos CS, o que contribui para a busca de soluções nos demais níveis da rede (UPA e Serviço de Emergência Hospitalar).

Abstract : The right to health as described in our constitution is the result of many struggles and Claims. The creation of the Unified Health System (SUS in brazil), which provides an equitable, universal and comprehensive care through a regionalized network organized according to the guidelines of decentralization and the right of public participation in the management of SUS, reinforce the commitment of government to SUS users. It would be perfect if everything worked as recommended, but unfortunately what is described in Health Policy is inconsistent with the real world, starting with the user access to health services. The aim of this study was to understand how is the access of non-scheduled user (spontaneous demand) at Health Centers (HC) and Emergency Care Units (ECU) in a city from the south of Brazil, from the perspective of the clerk who makes the first attendance at the reception. We believe that this professional is very importante due to its role in the user?s access to health services. This is a descriptive exploratory qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured recorded interviews conducted after written consent of the interviewee. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), under the number 503 976, following the recommendations of Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council. Participants were 21 clerks involved in the reception of health services in which the study took place. The clerks were randomly selected, two from ECU South, two from ECU North, and also two workers from each of the ten HC representing the five health districts (North, South, East, West, Central) in the city under study. Data were analyzed using the method of content analysis considering the Policy Network for Health Care (RAS), involving the Network Emergency Care and Emergency (RUE) in the light of the SUS Policy national Humanization (PNH). The results revealed that access to the non-scheduled user (spontaneous demand), in the municipality under study, does not occur as recommended by the HNP and the RAS. We conclude that the clerk in the reception of health service is responsible for the user access or not to the health care network; work standards of the clerks are influenced by environment (the way in which the service is organized, working conditions, relationships between staff ) and there are several factors that cooperate or prevent user access, especially in HC. It is necessary to take into account all of these factors trying to find solutions at other levels of the network to improve health assistance.