Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Sunderland A.F.C"
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Perry, Ian B. (Ian Brooks). "Transition metal-facilitated C-C and C-F bond forming". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112449.
Texto completo da fonteCataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2017."
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1. Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Olefin-Derived Nucleophiles to Ketones A copper (I) catalyzed coupling olefins and ketones has been developed for the diastereo- and enantioselective generation of homopropargyl alcohols bearing vicinal stereocenters. This method allows for the generation of enantioenriched tertiary alcohols with a high degree of functional group compatibility. The utility of the process is further illustrated by a large scale synthesis with extremely low catalyst loading as well as the late stage modification of several pharmaceuticals. Chapter 2. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Styrene-Derived Nucleophiles to Imines We describe the catalytic generation of amines bearing vicinal stereocenters with a moderate degree of diastereoselectivity. The stereoselective hydrocupration of an unactivated olefinic component is followed by nucleophilic addition of the organocuprate to an N-phosphinoyl protected imine. The mild and general process tolerates a broad-range of functionality, and the process was shown to be successful at a gram-scale synthesis. Chapter 3. Palladium-facilitated Regioselective Nucleophilic Fluorination of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides. The preliminary findings regarding an aryl and heteroaryl halide fluorination process facilitated by palladium as a reagent is described. Stoichiometric studies illustrate the utility of the method in producing aryl fluorides with unprecedented regioselectivity, and preliminary studies into the fluorination of five- and six-membered heteroaryl bromides are described. Halogen atom substitution as a route to irreversible oxidative addition of aryl and heteroaryl halides is discussed. This strategy may serve to facilitate the fluorination of particularly problematic heteroaryl bromide and chloride substrates.
by Ian B. Perry.
S.B.
LAUFFER, FRIANT ARMELLE. "De l'ozone aux c. F. C. : approche industrielle". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN1P073.
Texto completo da fonteNeurrisse, André. "Le Franc C. F. A". Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA021018.
Texto completo da fonteRogers, Joshua Peter. "Photoelectron spectroscopy of (C₆F₆)-ₙ and C₆F₆ · I-clusters in a novel instrument". Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12364/.
Texto completo da fonteKervarec, Maëva-Charlotte. "Reactivity of Aluminium chlorofluoride (ACF) towards C−F bond activations and C−F bond formations". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/24074.
Texto completo da fonteThe main focus of this thesis lies in the study of the potential of aluminum chlorofluoride (ACF) as a catalyst for the synthesis of fluorinated compounds. In particular, C−F bond activations of various polyfluorinated compounds were studied, showing the efficiency of this solid Lewis acid catalyst for this type of reaction. The potent greenhouse gas 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane was successfully transformed into the dehydrofluorination product 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene under mild conditions. Similarly, transformation of pentafluoropropane isomers, such as 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2- pentafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane was also investigated using ACF as a catalyst. It was evidenced that the primary CH2F group present in 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane was easily activated without the need for a hydrogen source. In contrast, to activate CF2 groups, a hydrogen source such as HSiEt3 was required, generating a variety of products. Alternatively, successful hydrofluorination reactions of several substrates were conducted by synthesizing a new material, based on the loading of hydrogen fluoride (HF) at the surface of ACF. This HF-loaded ACF was deeply studied using a wide range of characterization methods. For the bulk, MAS NMR spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD), and thermoanalysis were performed, revealing a slight reorganization of the bulk towards a better-ordered matrix and the formation of polyfluoride structure interacting with the surface of ACF. The BET model was used for the surface area determination, and the pore size analysis was established using the non local density functional theory (NLDFT). Finally, various probe molecules were adsorbed at the surface of HF-loaded ACF to determine the acidity of the surface, revealing a significantly reduced Lewis and Brønsted acidity.
Pleyer, Marcus C. F. [Verfasser]. "Föderative Gleichheit. / Marcus C. F. Pleyer". Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1238344577/34.
Texto completo da fonteRoucaute, Yves. "Le P. C. F face à l'état". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100232.
Texto completo da fonteHerbaut, Audrey. "C. F. Ramuz ou l'esthétique du refaire". Artois, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ARTO0007.
Texto completo da fonteRichou, Françoise. "La J. O. C. F. Dans l'Ouest". Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3012.
Texto completo da fonteFrom nineteen-twenty-seven to nineteen-eighty-five, the youth movement " jeunesse ouvriere chretienne ", with its two organizations, male (joc), female (jocf), has changed. In its recruitment : from youth movement to young militants's organization. In its plans : from the conversion of the working class to christianity to the settling of church in the working class. It has formed most of the political staff of the sixties with the other youth movements. It is always school of militants. According to its militants's social status, is it ever a working class organization nowadays where it is so present in schools? the historical and sociological study of some federations "joc f" in west of france, always placed in a national viewpoint, leads to these questions and analysis
Zhang, Qi. "Transition-metal-catalyzed C-F bond formation". Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3228.
Texto completo da fonteMekideche, Abdeslam. "Effet mémoire de forme et plasticité de transformation dûs à la transition C. F. C. ↔T. F. C. D'alliages Mn Cu riches en Mn". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19016.
Texto completo da fonteAkana, Jennifer Anne. "Catalytic C-N and C-F bond formation by organometallic group 11 complexes". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39585.
Texto completo da fonteVita.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis presents a study of the reaction between an (NHC)gold(I) fluoride complex (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) and alkynes (Chapter 1). Gold(I) and fluoride add trans across the triple bond of 3-hexyne and 1-phenyl-l-propyne to form (fluorovinyl)gold(I) complexes, with exclusive geminal arrangement between the phenyl group and gold in the latter case. This addition is reversible, and the (fluorovinyl)gold(I) complexes can extrude alkyne to return (NHC)gold(I) fluoride. Treatment of (fluorovinyl)gold(I) complexes with strong acid protonates the vinylic group with strong acid to afford trans-hydrofluorination. The same fluoroalkene product is obtained by treatment of an (1i2-alkyne)gold(I) complex with the mild HF source Et3N.3HF. Cationic (NHC)gold(I) complexes catalyze the trans-hydrofluorination of internal alkynes with Et3N*3HF (Chapter 2). Sterically demanding, electrophilic supporting ligands and the presence of acid buffers improve reaction efficiency. A study of aryl-substituted alkynes suggests that electron-poor aryl groups favor shorter reaction times and higher regioselectivity of fluorination. A heavily fluorinated phenanthroline ligand supporting a cationic copper(I) catalyst allows efficient functionalization of C-H bonds using sulfonyl azides (Chapter 3).
(cont.) Performing the reaction in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol solvent is crucial. The intramolecular cyclization of sulfonyl azides through nitrene insertion into proximate benzylic or aliphatic C-H bonds is established, and efficient intermolecular arene amidation was achieved. The best yields result from using electron-rich substrates and electron-poor azides. A small kinetic isotope effect measured for the amidation of benzene indicates that C-H bond activation is probably not the rate-determining step. The presence of a 1,2-shift is consistent with an electrophilic mechanism for arene activation. The formation of both aryl- and benzyl-substituted products from mesitylene indicates that different reaction pathways may compete in the electrophilic amidation process.
by Jennifer Anne Akana.
Ph.D.
Politano, Olivier. "Simulations mésoscopiques de la déformation plastique des monocristaux C. F. C. Sous contrainte". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS066.
Texto completo da fonteWeiss, Paula. "Ab initio and Direct Quasiclassical Trajectory Study of the F + CH₄ → HF + CH₃ and F + C₂H₆ → HF + C₂H₅ Reactions". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35340.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
Müller, Valentin [Verfasser]. "C–H and C–F Activation by Manganese, Nickel and Ruthenium Catalysis / Valentin Müller". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232492787/34.
Texto completo da fonteDecultot, Ludovic. "Towards the total synthesis of amphidinolides C and F". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7607/.
Texto completo da fontePyrkotis, Constantina. "Towards the Synthesis of Amphidinolides C, F and U". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486568.
Texto completo da fonteHazari, Amaruka. "Palladium catalysed alylic-C-F bond formation and activation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.526523.
Texto completo da fonteHajjaji, Mohamed el. "Caractérisation et simulation des joints de phases C. C. -C. F. C. : applications à des alliages Fe-Cr-Ni de différentes puretés". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10015.
Texto completo da fonteGooseman, Natalie. "The influence of the C-N⁺------F-C charge dipole interaction in fluoro organic chemistry /". St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/695.
Texto completo da fonteDryzhakov, Marian. "Nitro-assisted Brønsted acid catalysis : activation of C(sp3)–O and C(sp3)–F bonds". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF012/document.
Texto completo da fonteAlcohols are attractive electrophilic partners for nucleophilic substitution reactions as water is the only by-product in a reaction with protic nucleophiles. Despite being a highly desirable reaction, the scope of useful catalytic transformations remains limited to specific alcohol-nucleophile pairs and a general set of catalytic conditions remains elusive. This thesis describes the development of a general and mild catalyst system for the activation of a broad range of π-activated and aliphatic alcohols to address key limitations in the field. B(C6F6)3•H2O, a strong Brønsted acid, when combined with nitromethane has been found as a widely useful catalyst system for chemoselective alcohol substitution in the presence of acid sensitive functionalities and protecting groups without the typical compromises in reaction rates, substrate/nucleophile scope and catalyst loading. In particular, a co-catalytic effect of nitro compounds is described for the B(C6F6)3•H2O catalyzed azidation of tertiary aliphatic alcohols, enabling catalyst turnover for the first time. On the basis of kinetic, electronic, and spectroscopic investigations, higher order hydrogen-bonded aggregates of nitro compounds and acids are proposed as kinetically competent Brønsted acid catalysts at the origin of the enhanced reactivity. The utility of the new catalytic conditions has been extended beyond alcohol activation and applied to the cleavage of strong C–F bonds in defluorinative Friedel-Crafts reactions of tertiary aliphatic fluorides
Gooseman, Natalie Elizabeth Jane. "The influence of the C-N⁺ ----- F-C charge dipole interaction in fluoro organic chemistry". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/695.
Texto completo da fonteAlthaus, Martin. "Asymmetric C - F bond formation catalyzed by ruthenium PNNP complexes /". Zürich : ETH, 2008. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17673.
Texto completo da fonteLaunay, Guillaume. "New approaches for C-F bond formation in organic chemistry". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/922.
Texto completo da fontePigeon, Xavier. "Synthèse de ß-aminofluoroalcènes par l'activation de liens C-F". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27728/27728.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteNagaoka, Gabriel Nicolaz. "Introdução às Anomalias Conformes e os Teoremas C & F". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-04052018-140729/.
Texto completo da fonteThe fundamental ideas of entanglement entropy and RG flows are laid out, as well as the basics of CFTs and its connection to the framework of RG flows. The trace anomaly is calculated in a semi-classical fashion by using the heat kernel method and zeta-function regularization. It is shown that the Seeley-DeWitt coefficients are responsible for the breaking of conformal symmetry in a curved even-dimensional background, which also achieves a geometrical definition of a central charge. The absence of anomalies in odd space-time dimensions is also contemplated. The C-theorem, which proves the monotonicity of the two dimensional central charge under RG flows, is demonstrated as first done by Zamolodchikov in an euclidean approach assuming unitarity, reflection positivity, and renormalizability conditions. Cardy\'s analysis is also demonstrated by considering the same conditions as Zamolodchikovs . And at last the proof via entanglement entropy by Casini & Huerta which relies on the strong subadditivity property of EE, unitarity and Poincaré invariance is explained in detail, providing a quantum information approach to the problem. In the last chapter a generalization of central charges to odd dimensional space-times is given through the universal term of the EE of a sphere. We provide the extension of the geometrical setup considered in the proof of the C-theorem to a three dimensional Minkowski space-time, which ultimately yields the F-theorem, constituting the three dimensional analog of the C-theorem.
Hough, Sarita Elizabeth. "Regioselective, Nucleophilic Activation of C-F Bonds in o-Fluoroanilines". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90657.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Science
This thesis describes reactions of fluorinated anilines with titanium amides to make fluorinated 1,2-phenylenediamines. The reaction gives high to moderate yields, and is highly selective for ortho substitution. The scope of the reaction, trends in reactivity among substrates, product characterization, and reaction mechanism are discussed. This reaction is of interest because fluorinated aniline derivatives are a privileged structural motif in pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. The first chapter presents an overview of C-F bond activation and key background information. Chapter 2 is a description of the experiments and an in-depth analysis of their results. Chapter 3 presents detailed characterization data for substances generated in this research. Chapter 4 comprises some concluding remarks and plans for possible future extensions of the research.
Pigeon, Xavier. "Synthèse de β-aminofluoroalcènes par l'activation de liens C-F". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22213.
Texto completo da fonteChampagne, Pier Alexandre. "Activation de liens C-F à l'aide de liaisons hydrogène". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26272.
Texto completo da fonteL’activation de liens C–F a été un sujet de recherche prolifique des dix dernières années, considérant l’utilité de telles études pour mieux comprendre et utiliser le comportement des composés fluorés. Toutes les méthodes qui existent pour réaliser la substitution nucléophile de fluorures aliphatiques tirent profit d’interactions faibles en conditions acides ou basiques, ou de métaux de transition. Cependant, une interaction comme la liaison hydrogène avec un lien C–F, certainement faible en énergie, n’a toujours pas été utilisée pour réaliser l’activation en conditions neutres. Après une introduction sur l’activation C–F et leur capacité d’accepteur de liaisons hydrogène, divers systèmes utilisant cette faible interaction pour la substitution nucléophile de fluorures aliphatiques, qui ont été développés dans cette thèse, seront présentés. Plusieurs types de donneurs de liaisons hydrogène (DLH) ont été utilisés au courant de la thèse, notamment l’eau, les alcools polyfluorés, ainsi qu’une large gamme d’alcools, diols, triols et autres groupements donneurs. En présence de nucléophiles variés, il a été démontré que les liaisons hydrogène sont suffisamment puissantes pour permettre la transformation de composés organofluorés par l’activation et la substitution de leur lien C–F. L’analyse des mécanismes réactionnels a aussi démontré qu’en plus de nécessiter des activateurs pour pouvoir le substituer, le lien C–F conserve un certain caractère spécial dans nos conditions avec les DLHs. Pour nos systèmes de substitution nucléophile, un mécanisme SN2 semble correct, tandis que dans les réactions de Friedel-Crafts, des paires d’ions fortement retenues par les liaisons hydrogène semblent expliquer la réactivité observée mieux qu’un mécanisme ionisant SN1 classique ne pourrait le faire.
C–F activation has been a subject of intensive research over the last decade, considering the usefulness of such studies to understand, predict and profit from the unusual behaviour of fluorinated organic compounds. All methods that are known to enable the nucleophilic substitution of aliphatic fluorines use weak interactions in acidic or basic conditions, or require transition metals. However, hydrogen bonds with fluorine, energetically-weak interactions, have not yet been harnessed to activate C–F bonds in neutral conditions. After an introduction on C–F activation and on the possibility of these bonds to accept hydrogen bonds, various systems that exploit this weak interaction for the nucleophilic substitution of aliphatic fluorines and that were developed during the thesis, will be presented. Multiple types of hydrogen-bond donors (HBD) were used to affect this transformation, notably water, polyfluorinated alcohols and a wide variety of alcohols, diols, triols, and other donating groups. In the presence of varied nucleophiles, it will be shown that hydrogen bonds are strong enough to permit the transformation of organofluorine compounds through activation and substitution of their C–F bond. Thorough analysis of the reaction mechanisms demonstrated that, in addition to needing activating agents to be able to substitute it, the C–F bond keeps its unusual behaviour in our conditions with HBDs. In our systems of nucleophilic substitution, a SN2 mechanism seems to operate, while for the Friedel-Crafts reactions, ion pairs strongly kept together by hydrogen bonds are a better explanation for the observed reactivity than the traditional SN1 mechanism involving free carbocations.
Hozman, Denny. "Preludia F. Chopina, A. N. Skrjabina a C . Debussyho - srovnání". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Hudební a taneční fakulta. Knihovna, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202920.
Texto completo da fonteGiffin, Kaitlyn Anne. "Selective C-F and Ni-C Bond Activation of Fluoronickelacycles as a Function of Ancillary Ligands". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36619.
Texto completo da fonteMeier, Thomas Kurt. "Molecular architecture of a biological turbine : the subunit C oligomer the Ilyobacter tartaricus F₁F₀ATP synthase /". Zürich : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14800.
Texto completo da fonteFreitag-Sweeley, Sandra. "The F/C family of saxophones its history, future and literature /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1121711234.
Texto completo da fonteBOITIER, GUILLAUME. "Comportement en fluage et microstructure de composites c#f-sic 2,5d". Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN2080.
Texto completo da fonteSchirrmacher, Esther. "18 F- und 11 C-Markierung des beta2-adrenergen Agonisten Fenoterol". [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10236413.
Texto completo da fonteTarantino, Giulia. "Catalytic methodologies for C(sp3)-F bond formation with heterogeneous catalysts". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111540/.
Texto completo da fonteDivo, Jean. "L'Aubier, la J. O. C. Et la J. O. C. F. Dans le diocèse de Besançon, 1927-1978". Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/DIVO_Jean_2009_1.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteA group of he YCW started in the diocese of Besançon in 1927. At that time children from a working class culture started working at thirteen. The situation of those young workers and their growing lack of contact with the Church were a subject of concern for some priests, amon whom G. Béjot, curate at Belfort. . .
Giroux, Bernard. "La Jeunesse étudiante chrétienne (J. E. C. Et J. E. C. F. ) de 1945 aux années soixante-dix". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0034.
Texto completo da fonteThis document provides the first account of the History of the Jeunesse Etudiante Chrétienne (J. E. C. ) between 1945 and the seventies. That association is officially acknowledged and supported by the catholic hierarchy. It gathers catholic pupils and students who evangelize other pupils. While studing it, anyone tries to understand the link the french catholic Church keeps up with modernity, which is distinguished as a process marked by the State secularization, the advent of rationalism and the individual’s autonomy, at the expense of tradition, in particular religious. The study finally points out that the J. E. C. Seems to be an area of synthetis between modernity ad tradition. The author emphasizes the contribution from the J. E. C. To the change in the school system, in the catholic Church of France, in policies and in the intellectual thought. The author sets out the commitment of the movement to the fighting against the Algerian war and its attitude in May 1968. The thesis is supported with the analysis of various records which had never been analysed before. Besides the account and analysis of the events, the thesis provides additional tools to the future researcher : the list of ruling staff, a presentation of the officials and the outcome of a survey among former militants
Tolley, Rebecca. "Frida Kahlo, Jennifer Lopez, Judith F. Baca". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://www.amzn.com/0765680831.
Texto completo da fonteBriem, Harry. "Entwurf und Implementierung einer Fokus-plus-Kontext-basierten (F+C-basierten) Tabelle". Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700566.
Texto completo da fonteWitt, Anette. "Synthetic development towards benzodiazepine alkaloids : total synthesis of circumdatin F and C /". Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-077-6/.
Texto completo da fonteChia, Poh Wai. "The C-F bond as a conformational probe in agonist receptor interactions". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2615.
Texto completo da fonteBoulter, Roger Stephen. "F C Erasmus and the politics of South African defence, 1948-1959". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002386.
Texto completo da fonteWang, Ting. "Studies on Natural Products Phorboxazole A, Cephalosporolide E, F and Thuggacin C". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316443941.
Texto completo da fonteGrunenberg, Alfred Teo. "Separation of fluorocarbon gases from a reactor plasma system / Alfred Teo Grunenberg". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2640.
Texto completo da fonteThesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Chemical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus,
Lahlou, Safaâ. "Epidémiologie de l'hépatite C : prévalence dans le groupe hospitalier Lariboisière, F. Widal durant l'année 1998". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P198.
Texto completo da fonteOberfeld, Benjamin. "F₁F₀ ATP synthase: Identification of a plug within the c-ring and heterologous expression of a sodium-translocating enzyme /". Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16487.
Texto completo da fontePark, Nathaniel H. (Nathaniel Hamilton). "Development of new transition metal catalysts for C-N bond formation and continuous flow processes for C-F bond formation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101553.
Texto completo da fonteCataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
The work presented in this dissertation addresses the development of new methodologies and processes to form carbon-nitrogen (C-N) and carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds. The development of methods for the formation of C-N and C-F bonds are highly important to chemistry in general and find broad application in many different areas of research. With regard to C-N bond formation, the development of new nickel and palladium catalyst for C-N cross-coupling is presented. Finally, the development of a new process to enable the rapid preparation of aryl fluorides via the Balz-Schiemann reaction is explored. Chapter 1. Development of an Air-Stable Nickel Precatalyst for the Amination of Aryl Chlorides, Sulfamates, Mesylates, and Triflates. A new air-stable nickel precatalyst for C-N cross-coupling is reported. The developed catalyst system displays a greatly improved substrate scope for C-N bond formation to include both a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl electrophiles and aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl amines. The catalyst system is also compatible with weak base, allowing for the amination of substrates containing base-sensitive functional groups. Chapter 2. Design of New Ligands for the Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of a- Branched Secondary Amines. In Pd-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions, a-branched secondary amines are difficult coupling partners and often produce low yields of the desired product. To provide a robust method for accessing N-aryl a-branched tertiary amines, new catalysts have been designed to suppress undesired side reactions often encountered when these amine nucleophiles are used. These advances enabled the arylation of a wide array of sterically encumbered amines, highlighting the importance of rational ligand design in facilitating challenging Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Chapter 3. Rapid Synthesis of Aryl Fluorides in Continuous Flow via the Balz- Schiemann Reaction. The synthesis of aryl fluorides (ArF) is of critical importance for the development of new and potent pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. While there have been numerous and intense research efforts focused on developing new fluorination methods, the Balz-Schiemann reaction remains a valuable and efficient means of aryl C-F bond construction from a vast pool of available aryl amines. However, the harsh reaction conditions, modest yields, and often prohibitive safety concerns have limited the general application of this methodology. Here, we have developed a semi-flow process that enables safe handling of the potentially explosive aryl diazonium salt intermediates as well as improved yields of the desired aryl fluoride products. This process has been demonstrated on an array of different aryl and heteroaryl amine substrates containing a variety of different functional groups.
by Nathaniel H. Park.
Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry
Perálvarez, Marín Alejandro. "Dynamic Factors of Bacteriorhodopsin: Regulation Key Points in Helices B, C and F". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3542.
Texto completo da fonte- Characterization of the motif Thr90-Pro91 in the centre of Helix C of Bacteriorhodopsin. Because Thr90 interacts with Asp115 through a hydrogen bond and with the retinal through hydrophobic interaction, the mutants T90V and D115A were taken into account. The following objectives were settled:
Design and construct the Bacteriorhodopsin mutants P91A, T90A,T90V and D115A by site directed mutagenesis.
Express the mutants in the purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarum.
Analyze the role of Thr90 and Pro91 in the properties of the protein and in the proton pumping function in particular through the study of the mutants.
Infer a role to the motif Thr90-Pro91 in Bacteriorhodopsin.
- Analyze the role of the other two Prolines located in transmembrane helices in BR, and to extend this role to other Transmembrane Proteins. The subsequent objectives were proposed:
Design and construct the Bacteriorhodopsin mutants P50A and P186A by site directed mutagenesis.
Express the mutants in the purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarum.
Characterize the role of Pro50, and Pro186 in Bacteriorhodopsin properties and proton pumping through the analysis of the mutants.
Infer a role to Helix-embedded prolines of Bacteriorhodopsin in particular and to transmembrane helices of proteins in general.
Haddadian, Esmael Jafari. "Brownian dynamics study of cytochrome f / Rieske interactions with cytochrome c₆ and plastocyanin". Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123695434.
Texto completo da fonteTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-184). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center