Bibliografias temáticas / Suicide at work

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Suicide at work"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 19 de abril de 2025

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

Waters, Sarah, Marina Karanikolos e Martin McKee. "When work kills". Journal of Public Mental Health 15, n.º 4 (19 de dezembro de 2016): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-06-2016-0026.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the rising public health phenomenon of workplace suicide drawing on comparative insights from the French and UK contexts. France has experienced what the media describes as a “suicide epidemic” in the workplace, with rising numbers of employees choosing to kill themselves in the face of extreme pressures at work. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a comparative approach drawing on insights from the French context, in which workplace suicide is legally and officially recognised, to shed critical light on the UK context where workplace suicide remains a hidden phenomenon. Findings Whilst in France, workplace suicide is treated as an urgent public health phenomenon and data on suicides are collected centrally, in the UK, despite a deterioration in working conditions, suicide is not recognised in legislation and data are not collected centrally. Unless society recognises and document rising workplace suicides, we will be unable to deal with their profound human consequences for suicidal individuals, their families and society more widely. Research limitations/implications Research on workplace suicides in the UK and many other national contexts is hampered by fragmentary statistical data on this phenomenon. Practical implications The paper calls for greater recognition, analysis and monitoring of workplace suicide in the UK. Suicide should be included in the list of workplace accidents that are reported to the authorities for further investigation. In a context where workplace conditions are deteriorating, society need to recognises the profound human costs of these conditions for the individual employee. Social implications The paper has important implications for the contemporary workplace in terms of the contractual relationship between employer and employee. Originality/value Workplace suicide is an urgent, yet under-researched phenomenon. The paper brings a comparative and multidisciplinary perspective to bear on this phenomenon.

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Germain, Marie-Line. "Work-related suicide". Employee Relations 36, n.º 2 (20 de dezembro de 2013): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2013-0009.

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Purpose – For the past 50 years, the research literature has shown that employment can contribute to an individual's personal development. Yet, it has also shown that it can become a life-threatening stressor. Reported occupational suicides increased by 22.2 percent between 1995 and 2010, becoming a leading cause of death in the USA. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of six US government reports on employee suicides between 1995 and 2012. Design/methodology/approach – Through an interpretive case study approach (Yin, 2003), this study undertook a document analysis of key US government reports examining occupational suicides. Specifically, an analysis of three US Bureau of Labor Statistics reports was undertaken along with other documents, identifying key themes and facts. Findings – The analysis of the US government reports reveals a dim legal recognition of employee suicide as an occupational accident. The paper presents the characteristics of suicides as an occupational accident as well as the profile of a typical US occupational suicide victim. Finally, the paper discusses the main causes of employee suicide. Practical implications – Organizations have a “duty of care” to their employees, both physical and psychological. Human resource (HR) professionals ought to create preventive policies to minimize work-related suicides and have clear crisis management systems in place, should an employee commit suicide or threaten to do so. Originality/value – Occupational distress is not typically apparent or obvious and is not the subject of many studies in the field of HRs. Yet, because of its rampant increase in today's organizations, its direct connection with employee suicide and its impact on organizational revenues, psychological distress in the workplace merits closer attention. This paper is unique as it provides insights for HR professionals based on the analysis of US government reports on work-related suicides.

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Waters, Sarah, e Hilda Palmer. "Dying at work. Work-related suicide – how does the UK regulatory context measure up?" Journal of Public Mental Health 21, n.º 1 (11 de janeiro de 2022): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-09-2021-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how work-related suicides are monitored, investigated and regulated in the UK, examining a small selection of cases and drawing on international comparison with other countries. Effective data collection and regulation are the cornerstone of suicide prevention, and this paper aims to consider whether the UK’s current regulatory framework provides an effective basis for preventing work-related suicides. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on qualitative sociological methods and is based on an in-depth analysis of 12 suicide cases occurring between 2015 and 2020. In each case, work-related causal factors had been previously identified by at least one official source (police enquiry, coroner or employer’s investigation). This study analysed multiple sources of documentation and undertook interviews with individuals close to each suicide case. The aim of this study was to consider the organisational response of three stakeholder organisations to the suicides: the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the coroner and the employer. Findings The study points to serious shortcomings in the UK’s regulatory response to work-related suicides. Suicides are currently not recorded, investigated or regulated. Whereas the fracture of an arm or leg in the workplace needs to be reported to the HSE for further investigation, a suicide occurring in the workplace or that is work-related does not need to be reported to any public agency. Employers are not required to investigate an employee suicide or make any changes to workplace policies and practices in the aftermath of a suicide. The work-related factors that may have caused one suicide may, therefore, continue to pose health and safety risks to other employees. Originality/value Whereas some recent studies have examined work-related suicides within specific occupations in the UK, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the UK’s regulatory framework for work-related suicides. The study on which the paper is based produced a set of recommendations that were targeted at key stakeholder organisations.

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Park, Sang-Mi. "Effects of work conditions on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults in South Korea". International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, n.º 2 (18 de fevereiro de 2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019831327.

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Background: Korea has the highest rate of suicide in the world and has held this rank for the last decade. Suicide has risen especially sharply among 45- to 54-year-old Koreans; there were about 32.1 suicides per 100,000 individuals in 2015, and this contributed significantly to the rising suicide rate in Korea. Recently, adverse work conditions, including insecure employment and shift work, have been suggested as a suicide risk factor. However, little is known about the influence of insecure employment on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Furthermore, prior research has examined the association between shift work and suicidal ideation only among individuals engaged in specific jobs, such as police work or firefighting, and those investigations have not focused on middle-aged adults. Aim: This study investigated the influence of employment status and shift work on suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Methods: The sample comprised waged, middle-aged adult employees ( n = 2,364) aged 45–64 years who had participated in the cross-sectional Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, this study evaluated the associations of employment status and shift work with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults. Results: The major finding was that insecure employment status was independently associated with suicidal ideation in middle-aged adults (odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.27, 4.94]) and that shift work was significantly associated with suicidal ideation among middle-aged adults (OR = 2.30, 95% CI = [1.14, 4.66]). Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need for multidimensional interventions regarding suicide, especially for middle-aged adults engaged in insecure jobs and shift work. Multidimensional interventions, including early screening for suicidal thoughts during routine medical check-ups, readily available work-based counselling programmes and regular monitoring, are likely to be useful.

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Genest, Christine, Rosemary Ricciardelli e R. Nicholas Carleton. "Correctional Work: Reflections Regarding Suicide". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 8 (17 de abril de 2021): 4280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084280.

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The Public Health Agency of Canada declared suicide a public health problem in Canada (2016). Employees working in correctional services, researchers find, experience high rates of life-time suicidal ideation in comparison to other public safety professionals and the general population. Suicide behaviours (i.e., ideation, planning, attempts, death) are a multifactorial phenomenon, explained in part by the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide that suggests attempted suicide is facilitated by perceived burdensomeness, a lost sense of belonging, a feeling of hopelessness, and a progressively reduced fear of death, as well as capacity and planning to engage a lethal attempt. In the current study, we unpack the factors that can influence suicide behaviours as reported by correctional workers. Our intent is to make explicit the experiences of a small sample (n = 25) of correctional workers in relation to suicidal behaviours, highlighting stories of recovery and acknowledging the importance of facilitating psychologically safe workplaces. Analysis entailed an inductive semi-grounded emergent theme approach. Participants identified certain risk factors as being able to induce suicidal ideation, such as marital or family problems as well as difficulties at work (i.e., bullying or difficult working conditions). Having children and a partner may act as factors preventing suicide for those with ideation. Participants sought help from professionals, such as their family doctor, a psychologist, or the Employee Assistance Program (EAP); however, the lack of perceived organisational supports and recognition of the issue of suicide by the employer are two elements that can hinder the search for help.

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Sapozhnikov, Sergei, Andrei Golenkov, Zoltán Rihmer, Gabor S. Ungvari e Gábor Gazdag. "Weekly patterns of suicide and the influence of alcohol consumption in an urban sample". Ideggyógyászati szemle 75, n.º 3-4 (2022): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18071/isz.75.0099.

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The weekly fluctuation in suicide rates is influenced by several factors including sex, psychiatric illness and alcohol dependence. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of current alcohol use on suicid Data on sex, date of death, results of blood and/or urine alcohol tests and history of alcohol dependence in suicide victims over the 1997-2002 period were retrieved from a forensic database in two cities in Chuvash Republic. Over the six-year study period, 1,379 suicides were committed, 59% of them under the influence of alcohol. The peak incidence for men and women regardless of previous alcohol consumption was on Wednesdays and Mondays, respectively. The overall suicide rate was highest on Mondays and lowest on Thursdays. Both sexes were less likely to commit suicide during holidays than on weekends or workdays while intoxicated with alcohol. In this urban sample, the distribution of suicide across weekdays only partly followed the international pattern. The peak incidence of suicide showed sex difference, with the highest incidence for women on Mondays and for men on Wednesdays. The higher suicide rate on workdays might be accounted for by work-related stress, while the lower rate on weekends could be explained that people usually drink alcohol in the comforting company of family or friends, which reduces psychological tension and suicidal ideation. The majority of men consumed alcohol before committing suicide, regardless of the day of the week, while this observation was true for women only on Fridays and Sundays. Alcohol consumption greatly contributes to suicidal behavior in Chuvash Republic.

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Mehlum, Ingrid Sivesind, Therese N. Hanvold, Lars Mehlum, Rachel L. Hasting, Suzanne L. Merkus e emerit Petter Kristensen. "O7B.4 Are psychosocial working conditions associated with suicide and intentional self-harm? a register-based study of 420,895 norwegians". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (abril de 2019): A63.2—A63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.170.

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ObjectivesPoor psychosocial working conditions are associated with increased risk of mental health disorders. Some studies suggest that work factors may also increase the risk of suicidal behaviour. However, these studies mostly measured suicidal ideation, rarely completed suicides, and hardly ever used longitudinal data. We aimed to examine the relationship between selected psychosocial work factors and death by suicide, as well as hospital treatment for intentional self-harm and similar diagnoses.MethodsData on all persons born in Norway 1967–1976, employed in 2007 (n=420,895), were retrieved from national registers. Binary psychosocial work exposures were obtained from a job-exposure matrix for job demands, job control and leader support. Based on these, we constructed job strain (high demands, low control), and isostrain (high demands, low control, low support) exposure variables. These were linked to occupation in 2007 (ISCO88 four-digit codes). We estimated associations (Risk Ratios, RRs) between the psychosocial work factors and four-year risk of intentional self-harm and suicide in binomial regression models, adjusted for year of birth, education level, marital history and current family pattern.ResultsDuring 2008–2011, 884 had diagnoses of intentional self-harm (annual rate 53 per 100,000; women 56, men 49), while 164 suicided (annual rate 9.7; women 4.5, men 14.5). Intentional self-harm was associated with all work factors, except job demands and leader support among men. Associations were strongest for high isostrain, adjusted RR 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2–1.7) and high job strain RR 1.3 (1.2–1.5), similar in women and men. Associations with suicide were positive only among men, with strongest associations for high job strain, RR 1.5 (1.0–2.1).ConclusionsPsychosocial work factors were associated with intentional self-harm in both sexes, but only in men for suicide. High isostrain and high job strain showed the strongest associations. Reasons other than a causal relationship cannot be excluded, particularly health selection.

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L. BEAUTRAIS, ANNETTE. "Suicides and serious suicide attempts: two populations or one?" Psychological Medicine 31, n.º 5 (julho de 2001): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701003889.

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Background. Few studies have examined the extent to which populations of suicides and attempted suicides are similar, or different. This paper compares suicides and serious suicide attempts in terms of known risk factors for suicidal behaviour.Methods. Using case–control methodology, risk factors for suicidal behaviour were examined in 202 individuals who died by suicide, 275 individuals who made medically serious suicide attempts and 984 randomly selected control subjects. Based on data from significant others, measures used spanned sociodemographic factors, childhood experiences, psychiatric morbidity and psychiatric history, exposure to recent stressful life events and social interaction.Results. Multiple logistic regression identified the following risk factors that were common to suicide and serious suicide attempts: current mood disorder; previous suicide attempts; prior out-patient psychiatric treatment; admission to psychiatric hospital within the previous year; low income; a lack of formal educational qualifications; exposure to recent stressful interpersonal, legal and work-related life events. Suicides and suicide attempts were distinguished in the following ways: suicides were more likely to be male (OR = 1·9, 95% CI 1·1, 3·2); older (OR = 1·03, 95% CI 1·02, 1·04); and to have a current diagnosis of non-affective psychosis (OR = 8·5, 95% CI 2·0, 35·9). Suicide attempts were more likely than suicides to have a current diagnosis of anxiety disorder (OR = 3·5, 95% CI 1·6, 7·8) and to be socially isolated (OR = 2·0, 95% CI 1·2, 3·5). These findings were confirmed by discriminant function analysis, which identified two functions that described the three subject groups: the first function discriminated the two suicide groups from control subjects on a dimension corresponding to risk factors for suicide; the second function discriminated suicide from suicide attempt subjects on a series of factors including gender, non-affective psychosis and anxiety disorder.Conclusions. Suicides and medically serious suicide attempts are two overlapping populations that share common psychiatric diagnostic and history features, but are distinguished by gender and patterning of psychiatric disorder.

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Soares, Raquel Juliana De Oliveira, e Flaviana Pereira Bastos Nascimento. "Suicídio e Tentativa de Suicídio: Contribuições da Enfermagem Brasileira". Journal of Health Sciences 19, n.º 1 (22 de maio de 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n1p19-24.

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Considerado um problema de saúde pública, o suicídio vem aumentando mundialmente. É um problema complexo para o qual não existe uma única causa ou razão, e para que a prevenção seja efetiva é preciso que os profissionais da saúde entendam do assunto e saibam reconhecer o comportamento suicida. Neste sentido, foi traçado como objetivo analisar a produção científica da enfermagem brasileira sobre suicídio e tentativa de suicídio no período de 2005 a 2015. Revisão integrativa com análise temática. Observou-se o aumento das publicações sobre suicídio, tentativa de suicídio e adolescente. Homens comentem mais suicídio e as mulheres são mais prevalentes nas tentativas. Enforcamento, intoxicação e arma de fogo são os meios mais utilizados no suicídio e nas tentativas de suicídio. Concluiu-se que existe uma urgência em se trabalhar a prevenção do suicídio baseado nas publicações, uma vez que as mesmas abordam desde o perfil dos suicidas até os métodos utilizados no suicídio e tentativas de suicídio. Palavras-chave: Saúde Pública. Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Revisão.AbstractConsidered a public health problem, suicide is increasing worldwide. It is a complex problem for which there is no single cause or reason, and so that prevention ise effective it is necessary that health professionals understand the issue and know how to recognize suicidal behavior. In this regard it was drawn to analyze the scientific production of Brazilian nursing on suicide and attempted suicide in the period from 2005 to 2015. Integrative review with thematic analysis. There was an increase in publications about suicide, suicide attempt and adolescents. Men commit more suicide and women are more prevalent in attempts. Hanging, poisoning and firearms are the most used means of suicide and the suicide attempts. It was concluded that there is an urgent need to work to prevent suicide based on publications, since the same address not only the suicide’s profile but alsothe methods used in suicide and suicide attempts.Keywords: Public Health. Nursing Research. Review.

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Maris, Ronald W. "Suicide Prevention in Adults (Age 30–65)". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 25, n.º 1 (março de 1995): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1995.tb00401.x.

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Relatively little is known about midlife suicides, compared to adolescent and elderly suicides. A life‐span model of suicidal behaviors is suggested as a heuristic conceptual tool. General midlife tasks and crises, as outlined by Levinson and Erikson, are reviewed. However, more than routine midlife developmental problems occur in most suicides. Some of the possible distinctive traits of midlife suicides (versus younger and older suicides) include: loss of spouse, years of heavy drinking, reaching the age of high depression risk, and occupational problems (including unemployment, inability to work, and retirement). Midlife suicide rates tend to be highest among white males, although female suicide rates peak in midlife. The paper concludes with a review of assessment and treatment issues related to a half‐dozen high‐risk midlife suicide types.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

Nigro, Rosa Giovanna. "DO COMMUNITY FACTORS INFLUENCE SUICIDE? AN APPLICATION OF STRUCTURALPLURALISM ON SUICIDE CASES". MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04112008-141324/.

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Suicide and suicidal behavior affect individuals of all ages, genders, races and religious groups in all countries, representing an important social issue. The major risk factor associated with suicide is depression. However, in some instances, suicide is not preceded by warning signs of mental disorders. Variations in the sociopolitical structures in the communities in U.S. may hold the explanation of variations on suicide rates. The objective of this study is to understand how suicide relates with variations in the community structure. Some specific socio-structural elements of a community have the potential to protect against distress by protecting individuals socio-psychological health. Specifically, variations in structural pluralism affect a communitys welfare because of the potential presence of dense networks of associations that create problem-solving capacity for the community. The problem solving capacity of communities results from pluralistic political structures with dense networks of associations, advocating civic welfare. As one of the consequences of influence on communitys welfare, the structural pluralism theory is tested here as a direct protection again suicide. To address this objective, county-level data are needed. Several data sources will be used to provide information essential for the analysis in this study. The suicide rates will be calculated from the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics Compressed Mortality File for the years of 1998-2002. To provide information on structural pluralism, data from the 2000 County Business Patterns will be used. The 2000 Census data and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study 2000 will be used to provide information on demographic characteristics.

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Hatch, Jacob. "Suicide an Orthodox perspective /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p015-0454.

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Clenney, Kaley. "Curriculum Development for Mindfully Healing Suicide Survivor Bereavement Group". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10784398.

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While the rate of suicides is increasing in the United States, these tragedies leave behind loved ones or suicide survivors who experience not only the grief of loss but also unresolved emotions accompanying this complex and often stigmatized form of death. The bereavement needs associated with suicide survivors are unique. The purpose of the thesis was to develop a curriculum addressing the conditions surrounding individuals completing suicide and the effects on suicide survivors. The Mindfully Healing Suicide Survivor Bereavement curriculum consists of ten-week sessions tailored to the specific needs of the bereavement processes for suicide survivors. The curriculum utilizes an integration of psychoeducational content and mindfulness-based practices activities emphasizing the bereavement processes of suicide survivors. The methods include didactic information, interactive discussion, creative expression, and the development of mindfulness-based practice skills.

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Sirovica, Elvira, e Ann-Catherine Martinelle. "”Du kan göra skillnad i människors liv utan att ha en aning om det” : En kvalitativ studie om några socialsekreterares syn på suicidalitet". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-80663.

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During 2010, 1446 people committed suicide in Sweden. Research shows that groups that are less favored in society have an increased risk of suicide. Social services often encounter groups of people that have a high risk of suicide, for instance welfare recipients or substance abusers. The purpose of this study was to shed light on how social workers talk about suicide and how this might affect interactions with suicidal clients. The study is based on qualitative interviews with five social workers in Stockholm. The results were analyzed using the theory of professional discretion and the perspective of existentialism. The most important results were that social workers do not think that they can help suicidal clients on their own, instead they need psychiatric help. Meeting with suicidal clients raises a lot of feelings and one way to cope with this is by distancing oneself from the client. The study also showed that suicide is a complex issue and it can be hard to find a position between the human right of autonomy and the will to help people. Continuity was viewed as an important factor, but due to the work load it can be hard to follow up these clients.

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Kheibari, Athena. "SUICIDE ATTITUDES AND TERROR MANAGEMENT THEORY". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/csw_etds/26.

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Virtually every mental health problem carries stigma, but suicide appears to run so counter to our accumulative, achievement-oriented society, that it poses even greater threat of stigma. While suicide is inherently troubling in that it opposes the fundamental human instinct for self-preservation, the tendency to stigmatize and reject individuals affected by suicide appears to be counterproductive and excessive. Hence, the purpose of this three-manuscript dissertation is to gain a more nuanced understanding of suicide attitudes from an exploratory and terror management theory perspective. More specifically, this dissertation attempts to answer three general questions: (1) how do suicide attitudes differ from other stigmatized deaths – namely, unintentional opioid overdose, (2) does death anxiety and baseline self-esteem impact attitudes toward suicide, and (3) can the effects of death anxiety on suicide attitudes be reversed by temporarily boosting self-esteem? To address the first question, Study 1 compares suicide attitudes to attitudes toward opioid overdose death – another type of stigmatized death that has emerged as a major public health issue in the U.S. in recent years. Study 2 addresses the second question by examining the effect of mortality salience on attitudes toward suicide and by investigating whether participants’ baseline self-esteem will moderate this effect, in keeping with the theory’s claim that self-esteem buffers against death anxiety. Building on the theoretical assumptions of the second study, Study 3 tests whether the effects of death anxiety on suicide attitudes can be reversed by temporarily bolstering the participant’s self-esteem using experimental manipulation. In other words, can cultural worldview validation and self-esteem enhancement inhibit the awareness of personal death and promote prosocial attitudes and behavior? All three proposed studies used quantitative research strategies to examine the research questions detailed above. Study 1 used a traditional questionnaire method to explore and compare attitudes toward suicide and drug overdose death; whereas Study 2 and 3 employed an experimental design to test the MS hypothesis on suicide attitudes. Participants were recruited online using an inexpensive crowdsourcing service called Amazon MTurk. Findings from these studies could have important implications for how we understand the psychological underpinnings of suicide stigma and contribute to the growing body of evidence of the role of existential mortality concerns in hostile attitudes and discriminatory behavior. Not only are we confronted with death reminders in our everyday lives, the topic of suicide is inherently a reminder of death – making the problem of death anxiety even more relevant and unavoidable. These findings could expand our understanding of how cultural worldview and self-esteem are relevant to mitigating death anxiety, and the relationship between death anxiety and suicide.

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Bartholomew, Melissa Wood. "Suicide and Spiritual Resistance Among Black People in the U.S.: From Death Consciousness to Divine Consciousness". Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109136.

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Thesis advisor: Thanh V. Tran
Suicide is an escalating public health crisis for Black people in the United States, yet the majority of the suicide research in the United States is based on the European American population. The psychological impact of the centuries of persistent stress and pain Black Americans have endured in the U.S., fueled by racism since the tragic period of slavery, is well-documented. However, despite the unrelenting historical and contemporary manifestations of racism and other systems of oppression in U.S. society, Black Americans have chosen death by suicide at rates lower than White Americans. Previous research has established the complexity of suicide and revealed that there are multiple personal and societal stress factors that contribute to creating risk factors for Black suicide. Research has also established that Black Americans historically have cultivated a resistance to the desire to take their own lives, seemingly linked to religious/spiritual and cultural coping resources that have served as a protective factor against suicidal behavior. Yet, there is a lack of scholarship that explores the impact of these resources on suicide in this population. Suicidologists are calling for suicide to be examined within a multidimensional contextual framework and for there to be a shift from a deficit approach to a strengths-based approach. There is a need for greater research focus on the factors that influence suicidal behavior in Black Americans, as well as the factors that are associated with creating a shield of protection against this self-destructive behavior. Through a convergent mixed-method approach, and guided by a robust cluster of theories, with Critical Race Theory and the Afrocentric Worldview as the overarching theoretical and philosophical approaches, this dissertation aims to address the gaps in the literature by examining several research questions. The following questions are examined through quantitative research: (1) Do racial discrimination and personal stress influence suicide attempts among Black people in the U.S., and does religion/spirituality serve as a protective factor and moderate the relationship between attempted suicide and racial discrimination and personal stress?; (2) Do post-incarceration status and personal stress influence suicide attempts among Black people in the U.S., and does religion/spirituality serve as a protective factor and moderate the relationship between attempted suicide and post-incarceration and personal stress?; (3) Do veteran status and personal stress influence suicide attempts among Black people in the U.S., and does religion/spirituality serve as a protective factor and moderate the relationship between attempted suicide and veteran status and personal stress? The data for this study were drawn from the cross-sectional National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) III which covers April 2012-June 2013. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the data. The quantitative research explores the impact of personal and societal stressors on the mental health of Black people and the role of religion/spirituality in cultivating a healthy emotional and mental environment that insulates them from suicide. The qualitative data include interviews with three adult Black men from the researcher’s family across three generations. Through three generations of Black men from one family, this dissertation further aims to examine whether religion/spirituality is a protective factor insulating Black people in the U.S. from developing suicidal behavior as they navigate societal stress factors including racial discrimination, post-incarceration status, and veteran status and whether religion/spirituality as a protective factor is passed down intergenerationally. If so, it aims to explore whether there are any intergenerational patterns and/or differences in the utilization of religion/spirituality as a source of protection against developing suicidal behavior. Assessed together, the findings from the quantitative and the qualitative research underscore the potential impact of stress and societal stress factors on suicidal behavior among Black people. Specifically, the quantitative research shows an association between personal stress and societal stress factors including racial discrimination, post-incarceration status, veteran status, and suicide attempts. The quantitative research also underscores the complexity of the role of religion/spirituality as a protective factor, as the findings from the quantitative research show that religion/spirituality was not a buffer against suicide attempts for the participants in that study. The findings from the qualitative research reveal that religion/spirituality can serve as a buffer and illustrates religion/spirituality functioning as an extension of Afrocentric culture and serving as a protective shield enabling some Black people to resist the full psychological impact of personal and societal stressors. This dissertation provides the foundation for the broader work highlighted through this study encapsulated in the Ubuntu Relational Framework for the Study of Black Suicide, an Afrocentric framework I developed that emerged as a guide for exploring the risks and protective factors of Black suicide. The constructs of death consciousness and Divine consciousness emerged during the analysis of the qualitative research as a way of conceptualizing the influence of societal stressors and protective factors on suicidal behavior, and they are an expression of Afrocentric culture. This framework highlights the need to equally prioritize the concern of what animates Black people’s desire to live, which was illuminated through the qualitative research, along with the question of what factors make them at risk for cultivating a desire to die. It further attends to the need for social workers to address the conditions of the racist U.S. environment these factors are assessed within. This dissertation also includes my autoethnography which serves as an analytic review and critical analysis of key concepts related to the study of Black suicide. It is a resource for further grounding in the historical and contemporary context of the Black experience and the Afrocentric worldview incorporated in this work. Autoethnography is an epistemological site for exploring Divine consciousness and the role of religion/spirituality and culture passed down intergenerationally as a protective factor against suicidal behavior. It further outlines a methodology for employing spiritual and cultural resources and operationalizing spiritual resistance. Finally, this dissertation goes beyond identifying risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in Black people. It outlines a structure for training social work clinicians and researchers in this Afrocentric framework that would expand social workers’ knowledge of African-centered social work, and a method appropriate for responding to this multidimensional mental health problem that requires a creative, culturally rich approach. The training includes a methodology for employing religious/spiritual and cultural resources that operationalizes spiritual resistance that will equip social workers for supporting Black people in developing a healthy holistic mental and social environment within an oppressive racist environment
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social work

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Ramberg, Inga-Lill. "Promoting suicide prevention : an evaluation of a programme for training trainers in psychiatric clinical work /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-649-9/.

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Rossouw, Gabriel Johannes. "Therapists' experience of working with suicidal clients". AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/841.

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This study explores therapists' experience of working with suicidal clients. Using a Hermeneutic-phenomenological method informed by Heidegger [1889 – 1976] this study provides an understanding of the meaning of therapists' experiences from their perspective as mental health professionals in New Zealand. Study participants include thirteen therapists working as mental health professionals in District Health Boards from the disciplines of psychiatry, psychology and psychiatric nursing. Participants' narratives of their experiences of working with suicidal clients were captured via audio taped interviewing. These stories uncover the everyday realities facing therapists and provide an ontological understanding of their experiences working with suicidal clients in District Health Boards. The findings of this study identified three themes. All the participants experienced shock and surprise upon hearing their clients had committed suicide without presenting with signs and symptoms associated with suicidality in their assessment. All the participants experienced the responsibility of assessing suicidal clients and intervening to be a burden. Further, they suffered from guilt and fear of punishment in the aftermath of a client's suicide. They also found themselves in a professional and personal crisis as a result of their experiences and struggled to come to terms with events. This study has shown how these experiences could be understood by uncovering the perspectives therapists bring to working with suicidal clients. I have shown how mainstream prevention and intervention strategies follow on from the misrepresentation and misinterpretation of our traditional way of knowing what it means to be human. I show when therapists discover that phenomena are not necessarily what they appear to be they feel unsettled and confused about their responsibilities and what it means to live and die as a human being. The experience of being a therapist to a person who commits suicide has been revealed in this thesis to leave a profound legacy of guilt, doubt and fear. This thesis proposes that it may be time for the profession to care for its own that therapists in turn may not shy back from caring for and about the vulnerable other.

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Fausto, Melchor Veronica Lorraine. "HOSPICE SOCIAL WORKERS’ ATTITUDE ON PHYSICIAN-ASSISTED SUICIDE AND PRACTICE UNDER CALIFORNIA’S END OF LIFE OPTION ACT". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/632.

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Currently in the United States, five states have enacted physician-assisted suicide as a legal end of life option for terminal patients. Research indicates that most patients who have died under this mean have been enrolled in hospice services. With the recent enactment of California’s End of Life Option Act, hospice social workers will find themselves educating and assisting patients and/or their families with this and other end of life decisions. Research has thoroughly examined physician and nurses’ involvement and attitude in the matter, but little has been researched regarding social workers. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect hospice social workers’ attitude towards physician-assisted suicide and how California’s End of Life Option Act affects their practice. In-depth face-to- face interviews with 8 hospice social workers were conducted. The study found that all 8 participants held positive attitudes towards physician-assisted suicide, support the End of Life Option Act, and feel prepared to assist patients and handle requests for the End of Life Option. Factors such as social work values and professional experience have a positive effect and validate their attitude, and factors such as religion does not affect their attitude. Due to low participation, the overall results were limited; therefore, additionally research should be extensively conducted to gain a better understanding. Regardless, a structured physician-assisted suicide protocol for social workers would benefit micro practice and macro developments.

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Siezar, Carlos Alberto. "A suicide prevention and intervention workshop aimed at helping Latino/a youth of the San Bernardino community| A grant proposal". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1603966.

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The purpose of this project was to design a comprehensive suicide prevention and early intervention program for local youth, identify potential funding sources, and submit a program proposal for implementation to Precious Life Children and Educational Counseling Center, located in in the City of San Bernardino, California. Precious Life was selected due to its location and its history with the Latino community—an important consideration, given the focus of this project and the risk factors currently present in this community.

A review of the literature was conducted to define the factors contributing to the widespread problem of teenage suicide, to assess the particular risks associated with living as a cultural and/or ethnic minority in San Bernardino, to examine how this often-marginalized status intersects with other risk factors, and to evaluate existing suicide prevention programs currently implemented within this county. The proposed program seeks to increase community awareness of suicide among teenagers, as well as to raise the funding for Precious Life staff to participate in necessary training, with a focus on crisis intervention and addressing suicide risk factors, attempts, and completions. Thus Precious Life will be equipped to provide counseling, mental health screenings, referrals, and a crisis hotline.

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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

G, Bagby Daniel, ed. Pastoral responses: Suicide. Nashville, Tenn: Abingdon Press, 2006.

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Vaughan, Phillip J. Suicide prevention: A working guide to recognition and prevention. Birmingham: Pepar, 1985.

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Vaughan, Phillip J. Suicide prevention: A working guide to recognition and prevention. Birmingham: PEPAR, 1985.

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Moreira, Paul. Travailler à en mourir: Quand le monde de l'entreprise mène au suicide. Paris: Flammarion, 2009.

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Gerali, Steve. What do I do when-- teenagers are depressed and contemplate suicide? El Cajon, CA: Youth Specialties, 2010.

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1949-, Clark David C., ed. Clergy responses to suicidal persons and their family members: An interfaith resource book for clergy and congregations. Chicago, Ill: Exploration Press, 1993.

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Csikai, Ellen L. Ethics in end-of-life decisions in social work practice. Chicago, Ill: Lyceum Books, 2006.

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Grimbol, William R. Befriending your teenager: How to prevent a crisis from happening. Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1991.

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Drahos, Mary. The healing power of hope: Down-to-earth alternatives to euthanasia and assisted suicide. Ann Arbor, MI: Charis, 1997.

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A, Miller Leslie, e Rose Paul A, eds. Suicide. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2000.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

Joubert, Lynette, e Kristina Lainson. "Suicide Prevention". In Mental Health and Social Work, 439–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6975-9_21.

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Joubert, Lynette, e Kristina Lainson. "Suicide Prevention". In Mental Health and Social Work, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0440-8_21-1.

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Andersson, Anna-Lena, e Kenneth Svensson. "Suicide in the Transport System". In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1103–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_42.

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AbstractThe Swedish Transport Administration (STA) work to reduce the number of suicides in the transport system. Fatalities, i.e., on roads, railways, and bridges, originate from either accidents or suicides, natural death excluded. Knowing the correct manner of death is needed to work with optimal prevention strategies. The aims are to separate fatalities due to suicides, follow the development, and implement measures for suicide prevention. Methods are developed for suicide classification and criteria for the selection in which suicides were suspected. Fatalities in level one and two of five were classified as suicides. Data from the STA’s databases are used and so are data from the psychosocial investigations done by a trained investigator in the topic and with clinical experience from counselling at hospitals. 2129 persons died on the roads in Sweden, 10% (206 persons) were classified as suicides. 336 persons died after being hit by trains, 85% (284 persons) were suicides. 130 persons died by jumping from bridges.The number of suicides increases with population density. Suicide in the transport system is a major problem; firstly personal tragedies, it is also a work environment problem for truck and train drivers and for the emergency staff. It generates delays and costs for passenger and cargo transport. By analyzing the results of countermeasures in the form of obstructive barriers, the physical environment can be improved and high-risk areas can be accentuated. Restricting access to the means of suicide is important in suicide prevention. Strategies for the STA include suicide prevention in the design of new roads, railways, and bridges, as well as by identifying and reducing existing high-risk locations. Sharing the results with other authorities and organizations and cooperation within suicide prevention missions are vital for the enhancement of the overall suicide prevention work in society.

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Andersson, Anna-Lena, e Kenneth Svensson. "Suicide in the Transport System". In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_42-2.

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White, Jennifer. "Qualitative Evidence in Suicide Ideation, Attempts, and Suicide Prevention". In Handbooks in Health, Work, and Disability, 335–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2920-7_20.

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Grimes, Chris W., e Owen Muir. "Mentalizing in Family Work". In Adolescent Suicide and Self-Injury, 31–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42875-4_3.

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Yamada, Yoko. "Suicides in Worker Accident Insurance: Riskization and Medicalization of Suicide in Japan". In Psychosocial Health, Work and Language, 157–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50545-9_10.

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Bagai, Robin. "Unintegration, Madness, Suicide, and Epilogue". In Commentaries on the Work of Michael Eigen, 89–96. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003257554-14.

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Hawellek, Barbara. "The Existential and Suicidal Crisis in the Work of Walker Percy". In Suicide in Modern Literature, 185–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69392-3_12.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

Skripkina, Nadezhda Vitalievna, e Anastasia Vladimirovna Laguta. "SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN ADOLESCENCE". In Themed collection of papers from Foreign international scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Part 1. by HNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. May 2024. - Harbin (China), 49–53. Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/240530.2024.21.87.035.

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According to Rosstat, at least 300 suicides are committed by minors annually. Statistics indicate that this topic must be thoroughly studied by specialists to organize effective work on the prevention of adolescent suicide. The article presents the main concepts and triggers that provoke suicidal behavior, common characteristics, and motivations for suicide. The content of suicide-prone reactions in adolescence is revealed. The role of the family in shaping adolescent behavior is shown.

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Ribeiro, Marcelo M., Maria I. Santos, Radigande Silva e Trajano F. B. X. Silva. "Suicide and Work, Sociological View". In 3rd Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health. Porto: FEUP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/978-972-752-260-6_0040-0045.

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Mariya, Josit. "The Suicidal Reading of Sylvia Plath’s Selected Works Under the Theoretical Frame Work of Durkheim’s Suicide Theory". In The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities 202. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2186-229x.2024.29.

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Al Halyan, Amal. "Examining Suicide Stigma and Suicide Literacy". In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/221954-ms.

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Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 800,000 individuals die from suicide; every 4 seconds, one person suicide. It is considered as a major public health issue by the WHO as it is the second leading cause of death among youth (15-29 years old) (WHO, 2019). WHO defines suicide as "the act of deliberately killing oneself" and self -harm as "an act with non-fatal outcome". Recent study in Dubai showed that 78% of the suicide cases were reported among Indian nationals; and suicide rates were seven times higher in expatriate community than the nationals. Particular, among single employed expatriate males (Dervic et al. 2012). The onset of mental health problems usually goes undetected, and as a consequence, one of the most outcomes of nontreatment or late detection of mental health issues is self-harm and/or suicide. One of the barriers for not seeking professional help is stigma towards mental illnesses. Knowledge about suicide, or suicide literacy, was another factor that was negatively contributing to the help seeking behavior. Evidence showed that lowering stigma by increasing suicide literacy has a positive impact on suicide prevention. The WHO Mental Health Action Plan sat a target of lowering the incidence of suicide by at least 10% over an 8-year period (WHO, 2014). Despite the raising prevalence of suicide and its major impact on individuals, families and the communities, research on suicide in the Middle East is limited. Without proper understanding of the suicide behavior, the surround environment and analyzing the suicide decedent profiles; the public health prevention efforts would fail to target those at higher risk. Up to date, there are no literature that examines suicide in oil and gas industry. This is a narrative review paper on suicide, with great focus on literature from the Middle East. The aim of this paper is to have better understanding of suicide behavior in order to improve the help-seeking attitude among those who are at higher risk within the industry. Also, to provide the discerning theoretical knowledge to support awareness efforts to increase suicide literacy and decrease stigma. Suicide is versatile and studying suicide to conclude "one-size-fits-all" recommendation is unworkable. The vast global literature concluded that suicide literacy is inversely linked to stigma and help-seeking behavior. Some geographical areas and professions showed higher number of suicide and work-related suicide in males than females. The nature of workplace culture and societal masculine norms may negatively influence men seeking help behavior. Substantial efforts are needed to build up a focused-prevention program that would effectively impact the suicide trajectory.

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Mozgai, Sharon, Albert Rizzo e Arno Hartholt. "Human-Centered Design for a Virtual Human led mHealth Intervention for Suicide Prevention". In 5th International Conference on Human Systems Engineering and Design: Future Trends and Applications (IHSED 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004118.

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Addressing the significant mental and physical healthcare needs of Veterans requires innovative strategies to enhance access to evidence-based care. The integration of Virtual Human (VH) agents into Mobile Health (mHealth) applications presents a promising opportunity to overcome barriers associated with suicide prevention and connect with Veterans. The Battle Buddy (BB) project was conceived as a mobile wellness and suicide prevention application, empowering Veterans with an always-available resource concierged by an engaging and supportive conversational VH agent. Human-centered design is essential in the development of all interactions focused on the persuasive strategies of (1) personalization, (2) self-monitoring, (3) tunneling, (4) suggestion, and (5) expertise. Veterans can interact with the BB VH during daily check-ins, learn about mental health and wellness strategies, participate in interactive activities, increase self-awareness of their current status, and build and work safety plans in times of suicidal crisis. BB is designed to provide the Veteran with easy access to a suicide prevention ecosystem in which a wealth of evidenced-based interventions will be delivered in a non-stigmatizing fashion by a computer-based dialogue system with virtual embodiment, utilizing various multi-modal language cues such as text, speech, animated facial expressions, and gestures to interact with users. This paper explores our human-centered design process for the BB feature set to target the negative effects of social isolation and loneliness, conditions that challenge Veteran healthcare and suicide prevention.

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Klann, Victor William, e Elaine Parros Machado de Sousa. "Análise de similaridades e padrões estatísticos em séries temporais de casos de suicídio no Brasil". In Anais Estendidos do Simpósio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados, 165–71. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbbd_estendido.2024.243810.

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Suicide is a serious global public health problem and is among the leading causes of death in the world. In Brazil, suicide rates have seen alarming increases and continue to rise. Some public policies have been implemented to prevent the rise in suicide cases. Despite this, studies in the field indicate that such measures are not enough to cause a reduction in cases. The collection and analysis of suicide data are important for creating and reevaluating monitoring and prevention processes for suicide attempts. The goal of this master’s project is to contribute to the recognition of temporal patterns of suicide cases in Brazil from suicide deaths data published by DATASUS, using a time series-based approach. The main steps of this work are the collection of data and modeling of time series, provision of a pre-processed database containing daily suicide cases data from Brazil, exploratory analysis of the time series, similarity search between time series and application of clustering; mining of time series subsequence patterns, integration of multimodal data, and finally, the evaluation of the results obtained. It is expected to identify inherent temporal patterns in the time series to assist in understanding the behavior of suicide cases in the states and regions of Brazil.

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Cardoso, Vinícius, Roberta Sinoara, Solange Rezende, Dario Calçada e Antonio Fhillipi Silva. "Detecting Suicidal Ideation on Tweets". In Encontro Nacional de Inteligência Artificial e Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/eniac.2019.9282.

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According to the World Health Organization, every 40s a person dies of suicide in the world. Among young people aged 15 to 29, suicide is the second largest cause of death. Yet such deaths can be prevented. In this scenario, social networks like Twitter can become sources of information in real time and help in suicide prevention. The present work makes an initial exploration of the problem of identifying individuals at risk of suicide in social networks in Portuguese Language. As a main result, a manually labeled dataset of tweets has been constructed that can be used in future research on the subject.

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Greiner, BA, S. Leitao, C. Larkin, P. Corcoran, J. Gallagher e E. Arensman. "1638d The psychosocial work environment, suicide and self-harm: results from a case control study". In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.317.

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Michaels, Nichole L., Saroj Bista, Bridget Duffy, Hannabeth Franchino-Olsen e Elinam Dellor. "173 Deaths by suicide among individuals with a history of sex work or human trafficking in the US". In 15th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2024) abstracts, A32.1—A32. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2024-safety.76.

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Lee, Daeun, Soyoung Park, Jiwon Kang, Daejin Choi e Jinyoung Han. "Cross-Lingual Suicidal-Oriented Word Embedding toward Suicide Prevention". In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.200.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Suicide at work"

Smith, Scott P. Suicide Terrorism: Deadly Tactic or Operational Art at Work? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maio de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada503115.

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Ayub, Maryam, e Sadiq Naveed. With suicide no longer a crime, the real work begins. Editado por Ria Ernunsari e Suzannah Lyons. Monash University, abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/e63c-4809.

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Melvin, GA, R. Tatnell, E. Clancy, R. Bush e N. Zanetti. Assessing the availability and efficacy of LGBTQI specific suicide prevention programs. The Sax Institute, junho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sqfh7638.

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This review of the literature on suicide prevention programs targeting people who identify as LGBTQI found scant research in this area. However, the available evidence allows tentative directions to be drawn to guide prevention efforts targeting this group. Studies included in the review looked at legislative initiatives (e.g. same-sex marriage), community programs and therapeutic interventions. Legislation was found to play an important role by promoting equality and prohibiting discrimination and school based programs appear to show promise in reducing suicide among LGBQTI youth. Overall, the review found that more work is needed in developing and evaluating suicide prevention programs for LGBQTI communities.

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Monckton-Smith, Jane, Hannana Siddiqui, Sue Haile e Alexandra Sandham. Building a temporal sequence for developing prevention strategies, risk assessment, and perpetrator interventions in domestic abuse related suicide, honour killing, and intimate partner homicide. University of Gloucestershire, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46289/rt5194yt.

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This study aims to develop understanding of the interactions between perpetrators of coercive control and intimate partner stalking, and their victims, and how these interactions may be linked to escalating and de-escalating risk of serious harm or homicide. This is a qualitative study, and we interpret our data using the lens of coercive control as described and understood in UK definitions, and the work of Stark (2009). The overall aim is to use the principles of temporal sequencing to organise the behavioural data into a sequence and organise the sequence into stages that represent potential escalating risk - the further along the sequence, the higher the risk of serious harm, with opportunities at every stage to halt the progression. Three pilot tools were developed for professionals in the areas of Intimate Partner Homicide, Domestic Abuse related Suicide and Honour Killing.

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zhang, Ziyu, Yingqiao Wang, Ziyun Jiang, Yuan Tang, Luyao Liu e Xun Li. Thought Imprint Psychotherapy in a lowed resistance state(TIP) for Depression: A Systematic Review Based on RCT. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0076.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Thought Imprint Psychotherapy in a lowed resistance state(TIP) for depression. Condition being studied: Depression is a kind of mental disease which is characterized by low mood and loss of interesting in daily life, accompanied by disturbance of appetite, sleep disturbance, psychomotor, retardation or agitation, loss of energy, feeling of worthlessness and guilt, difficulty in thinking and even recurrent thought of death or suicide. According to WHO, more than 320 million people are suffering from depression, which had caused great financial burden. It affects all kinds of people and all aspects of life, including performance at school, productivity at work, relationships with family and friends, and ability to participate in the community.

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Kelly, Luke. Threats to Civilian Aviation Since 1975. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.019.

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This literature review finds that the main malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975 are attacks by terrorist groups, deliberate or accidental damage arising from conflicts, and incidents caused by people who work for airlines or airports. While the sector has responded to hijackings and bombings with increasing security since the 1970s, actors seeking to attack aircraft have modified their tactics, and new threats such as liquid explosives and cyber attacks have emerged. Civilian aviation has seen relatively fewer accidents and deaths over the years, but threats remain. The review focuses on malicious threats to civilian aviation. It, therefore, excludes weather events or accidents. The first section lists major malicious threats to civilian aviation since 1975. It includes both actual and planned events (e.g. hijackings that were prevented) that are recorded in open-source documents. Each threat is listed alongside information on its cause (e.g. terrorism, state actions, crime), the context in which it occurred (broader factors shaping the risk including geography, regime type, technology), and its impact (on passengers, policy, security, economic). The second section discusses some of the trends in threats to aviation. Motives for malicious threats include terrorism, crime, asylum-seeking, and insider attacks by aggrieved or mentally ill airline staff. Hijacking has been the most common form of threat, although bombing or suicide attacks have killed more people. Threats may also take the form of accidental attacks on civilian planes misidentified as threats in conflict zones. Experts suggest that growing threats are cyberattacks and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, although neither has yet caused a major incident.

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Heilman, Brian, Claudia Piras, Luciana Etcheverry, Tricia Basdeo e Magali Yance. “True to Them, True to Myself”: Understanding Restrictive Masculinity in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago. Inter-American Development Bank, setembro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013141.

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Restrictive masculinity is a social construct that is tied to beliefs about how men behave and are expected to behave to be considered “real men”. By contrast, gender-equitable masculinities constitute a more flexible alternative that permits men to take on diverse roles and behaviors while not limiting womens agency. This publication conducted a thorough analysis of restrictive masculinities in Guyana, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago in 2022, utilizing both focus groups and online surveys. The research aimed to understand the attitudes of young men exploring seven themes related to gender and masculinities, including toughness, self-sufficiency, paid and unpaid work, money and education, hypersexuality, homophobia, power and control, and violence. To measure masculinity, the study develops a statistically validated scale composed of diverse attitude statements based on previous tools on this topic. It also explores how young mens attitudes about gender are associated with social norms and influence behavioral outcomes in areas such as sexual harassment, bullying, alcohol and drug abuse, depression and suicidal ideation. Finally, the publication offers policy recommendations and highlights best practices that can be employed to accelerate positive changes in the region.

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Altstein, Miriam, e Ronald J. Nachman. Rational Design of Insect Control Agent Prototypes Based on Pyrokinin/PBAN Neuropeptide Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593398.bard.

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The general objective of this study was to develop rationally designed mimetic antagonists (and agonists) of the PK/PBAN Np class with enhanced bio-stability and bioavailability as prototypes for effective and environmentally friendly pest insect management agents. The PK/PBAN family is a multifunctional group of Nps that mediates key functions in insects (sex pheromone biosynthesis, cuticular melanization, myotropic activity, diapause and pupal development) and is, therefore, of high scientific and applied interest. The objectives of the current study were: (i) to identify an antagonist biophores (ii) to develop an arsenal of amphiphilic topically active PK/PBAN antagonists with an array of different time-release profiles based on the previously developed prototype analog; (iii) to develop rationally designed non-peptide SMLs based on the antagonist biophore determined in (i) and evaluate them in cloned receptor microplate binding assays and by pheromonotropic, melanotropic and pupariation in vivo assays. (iv) to clone PK/PBAN receptors (PK/PBAN-Rs) for further understanding of receptor-ligand interactions; (v) to develop microplate binding assays for screening the above SMLs. In the course of the granting period A series of amphiphilic PK/PBAN analogs based on a linear lead antagonist from the previous BARD grant was synthesized that incorporated a diverse array of hydrophobic groups (HR-Suc-A[dF]PRLa). Others were synthesized via the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymers. A hydrophobic, biostablePK/PBAN/DH analog DH-2Abf-K prevented the onset of the protective state of diapause in H. zea pupae [EC50=7 pmol/larva] following injection into the preceding larval stage. It effectively induces the crop pest to commit a form of ‘ecological suicide’. Evaluation of a set of amphiphilic PK analogs with a diverse array of hydrophobic groups of the formula HR-Suc-FTPRLa led to the identification of analog T-63 (HR=Decyl) that increased the extent of diapause termination by a factor of 70% when applied topically to newly emerged pupae. Another biostablePK analog PK-Oic-1 featured anti-feedant and aphicidal properties that matched the potency of some commercial aphicides. Native PK showed no significant activity. The aphicidal effects were blocked by a new PEGylated PK antagonist analog PK-dF-PEG4, suggesting that the activity is mediated by a PK/PBAN receptor and therefore indicative of a novel and selective mode-of-action. Using a novel transPro mimetic motif (dihydroimidazole; ‘Jones’) developed in previous BARD-sponsored work, the first antagonist for the diapause hormone (DH), DH-Jo, was developed and shown to block over 50% of H. zea pupal diapause termination activity of native DH. This novel antagonist development strategy may be applicable to other invertebrate and vertebrate hormones that feature a transPro in the active core. The research identifies a critical component of the antagonist biophore for this PK/PBAN receptor subtype, i.e. a trans-oriented Pro. Additional work led to the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the DH receptor from H. zea, allowing for the discovery of three other DH antagonist analogs: Drosophila ETH, a β-AA analog, and a dF analog. The receptor experiments identified an agonist (DH-2Abf-dA) with a maximal response greater than native DH. ‘Deconvolution’ of a rationally-designed nonpeptide heterocyclic combinatorial library with a cyclic bis-guanidino (BG) scaffold led to discovery of several members that elicited activity in a pupariation acceleration assay, and one that also showed activity in an H. zea diapause termination assay, eliciting a maximal response of 90%. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a CAP2b antidiuretic receptor from the kissing bug (R. prolixus) as well as the first CAP2b and PK receptors from a tick was also achieved. Notably, the PK/PBAN-like receptor from the cattle fever tick is unique among known PK/PBAN and CAP2b receptors in that it can interact with both ligand types, providing further evidence for an evolutionary relationship between these two NP families. In the course of the granting period we also managed to clone the PK/PBAN-R of H. peltigera, to express it and the S. littoralis-R Sf-9 cells and to evaluate their interaction with a variety of PK/PBAN ligands. In addition, three functional microplate assays in a HTS format have been developed: a cell-membrane competitive ligand binding assay; a Ca flux assay and a whole cell cAMP ELISA. The Ca flux assay has been used for receptor characterization due to its extremely high sensitivity. Computer homology studies were carried out to predict both receptor’s SAR and based on this analysis 8 mutants have been generated. The bioavailability of small linear antagonistic peptides has been evaluated and was found to be highly effective as sex pheromone biosynthesis inhibitors. The activity of 11 new amphiphilic analogs has also been evaluated. Unfortunately, due to a problem with the Heliothis moth colony we were unable to select those with pheromonotropic antagonistic activity and further check their bioavailability. Six peptides exhibited some melanotropic antagonistic activity but due to the low inhibitory effect the peptides were not further tested for bioavailability in S. littoralis larvae. Despite the fact that no new antagonistic peptides were discovered in the course of this granting period the results contribute to a better understanding of the interaction of the PK/PBAN family of Nps with their receptors, provided several HT assays for screening of libraries of various origin for presence of PK/PBAN-Ragonists and antagonists and provided important practical information for the further design of new, peptide-based insecticide prototypes aimed at the disruption of key neuroendocrine physiological functions in pest insects.

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