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1
Gande, Amar, e Craig M. Lewis. "Shareholder-Initiated Class Action Lawsuits: Shareholder Wealth Effects and Industry Spillovers". Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 44, n.º 4 (agosto de 2009): 823–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990202.
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AbstractThis paper documents significantly negative stock price reactions to shareholder-initiated class action lawsuits. We find that shareholders partially anticipate these lawsuits based on lawsuit filings against other firms in the same industry and capitalize part of these losses prior to a lawsuit filing date. We show that the more likely a firm is to be sued, the larger the partial anticipation effect (shareholder losses capitalized prior to a lawsuit filing date) and the smaller the filing date effect (shareholder losses measured on the lawsuit filing date). Our evidence suggests that previous research that typically focuses on the filing date effect understates the magnitude of shareholder losses, and that such an understatement is greater for firms with a higher likelihood of being sued.
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Amoah, Nana Y., Anthony Anderson, Isaac Bonaparte e Kyle Meyer. "Auditor Litigation and the Penalties on U.S. Client Firms after the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act". JABM JOURNAL of ACCOUNTING - BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 1, n.º 25 (14 de agosto de 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31966/jabminternational.v1i25.330.
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This study examines the relation between auditor litigation and the market and legal penalties imposed on sued audit clients after the private securities litigation reform act (PSLRA). A sample of accounting-related lawsuits is used in the regressions of three-day cumulative abnormal returns, settlement amount, and probability of settlement on auditor litigation and other variables. The results indicate a negative relation between auditor litigation and the 3-day cumulative abnormal returns around the announcement of litigation against the client firm. Another result from the study is a positive relation between auditor litigation and the legal penalty on the client firm. Specifically, the results indicate higher likelihood of settlement and larger settlement sizes for securities lawsuits in which the auditor is also sued. Our study contributes to the debate on the merit of litigation against auditors after the PSLRA. The findings imply that lawsuits against auditors appear to be a signal of audit failure and higher financial reporting risk. As audit failures erode investor confidence in the capital markets, the present study provides valuable evidence on the market and legal system’s perception of the merit of auditor litigation. The findings should be of interest to regulators and market participants given the increase in securities lawsuits against audit firms and the substantial reputational consequences of such lawsuits on audit firms and client firms.
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McNichols, Maureen F., e Stephen R. Stubben. "Does Earnings Management Affect Firms’ Investment Decisions?" Accounting Review 83, n.º 6 (1 de novembro de 2008): 1571–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2008.83.6.1571.
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ABSTRACT: This paper examines whether firms manipulating their reported financial results make suboptimal investment decisions. We examine fixed asset investments for a large sample of public companies during the 1978–2002 period and document that firms that manipulate their earnings—firms investigated by the SEC for accounting irregularities, firms sued by their shareholders for improper accounting, and firms that restated financial statements—over-invest substantially during the misreporting period. Furthermore, following the misreporting period, these firms no longer over-invest, consistent with corrected information leading to more efficient investment levels. We find similar patterns for firms with high discretionary revenues or accruals. Our findings suggest that earnings management, which is largely viewed as targeting parties external to the firm, can also influence internal decisions.
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Davis, Frederick, Behzad Taghipour e Thomas J. Walker. "Insider trading surrounding securities class action litigation and settlement announcements". Managerial Finance 43, n.º 1 (9 de janeiro de 2017): 124–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2016-0129.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trading patterns of corporate insiders, both managing and non-managing, around the announcement dates of securities class action lawsuits and related legal settlements. Design/methodology/approach The authors use market model event study methodology to examine the impact of class action litigation and settlement announcements on the stock prices of sued firms. The authors then determine the extent of abnormal insider trading surrounding such announcements by comparing insider trading activity (volume and transaction counts) to prior insider trading in the same firm, and to a matched sample of firms not experiencing such litigation announcements. A multivariate framework is utilized to provide further insight into the determinants of such abnormal insider trading. Findings The authors establish that class action litigation and settlement announcements have a significant impact on the stock prices of sued firms, and that foreknowledge of these events appears to be used by insiders to earn abnormal profits. Moreover, results indicate that managing insiders exhibit higher opportunistic abnormal trading activity than non-managing insiders. Multivariate analysis shows that size, prior firm returns, and the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are important determinants of such insider trading. Originality/value This appears to be the first paper to analyze insider trading surrounding class action settlement announcements, and raises concerns about the ethical conduct of certain insider groups while highlighting the importance of access to private information, even amongst insiders themselves.
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Gao, Yuan, Luchao Zhang e Chunlei Zeng. "Study on the Engineering Application of LNG Accident Consequence Model in the Design of Terminal Sump". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 90 (8 de abril de 2024): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/pecgng44.
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In order to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the LNG terminal sump, this paper proposes a suitable mathematical model and solution method by analyzing the physical process of evaporation diffusion and thermal radiation of the sump. Combined with the engineering practice, a lot of calculations have been carried out on the vapor diffusion concentration and pool fire thermal radiation intensity of the terminal sump, and the correlations between the vapor concentration and thermal radiation intensity and their influencing factors have been quantitatively calculated. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, it is concluded that the vapor concentration and thermal radiation value at the fire control room of the wharf are strongly related to the equivalent diameter of the sump and the distance from the fire control room to the sump. Among them, the distance from the fire control room to the sump is more closely related to the vapor concentration, and the equivalent diameter of the sump is more closely related to the thermal radiation; Keeping 19.2~33.8meters between the fire control room and the sump can basically ensure that the vapor concentration at the fire control room does not exceed the standard; In order to ensure that the thermal radiation at the fire control room does not exceed the standard, the distance between the fire control room and the sump should not be less than 15meters, and the equivalent diameter of the sump should not be greater than 7meters. The research methods and conclusions proposed in this paper can provide useful reference for engineering designers, and also build a bridge for mutual reference and application for theoretical research and engineering practice.
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Hussain, Haroon, Rohani Md-Rus, Hamdan Amer Al-Jaifi e Rana Yassir Hussain. "Determinants of Corporate Pay-Out Policy and the Moderating Effects of Firm's Growth: Evidence from Pakistan". Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 32, n.º 3 (12 de julho de 2022): 65–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2022-0013.
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Abstract This study investigates the determinants of dividend pay-out of listed firms in Pakistan from the year 2011 to 2015. The focus of the study is the life cycle theory of dividends, agency theory and signaling theory. Corporate governance indicators, firm efficiency and cash flow volatility are the main determinants used in this study. This study also includes eight corporate governance indicators namely insider ownership, ownership concentration, institutional ownership, board independence, board size, CEO duality, audit committee independence and remuneration committee. It is found that ownership concentration, institutional ownership, CEO duality, firm efficiency and cash flow volatility are the significant determinants of dividend pay-out in Pakistan. It is also found that growth opportunities significantly moderate the impact of ownership concentration, institutional ownership, CEO duality, firm efficiency, cash flow volatility on the dividend pay-out. This research is among the pioneer studies which examine the impact of firm efficiency on dividend pay-out. Likewise, the study is among the first attempts to incorporate growth opportunities as moderating variable in the relationship between corporate governance indicators, firm efficiency and cash flow volatility with dividend pay-out. Results show that the management of an efficient firm pays a high dividend to increase its reputation in the market. Furthermore, the negative signaling effect of dividend omission may not exist for efficient firms. It implies that efficient firms at their growth stage may also skip dividends.
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Shimo, Masayoshi, James V. Canino e Stephen D. Heister. "Modeling Oil Flows on Seal Runners and Engine Sump Walls". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, n.º 4 (13 de dezembro de 2004): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924431.
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Oil flow behavior within a lubrication system utilized in a turbofan engine has been studied using a two-dimensional model for a seal runner and a sump wall. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric boundary layer method is utilized to derive a model for the film on the seal runner. An integral method analysis of boundary layer equations are utilized to derive a model for the film behavior on the outer wall of the sump neglecting variations in the axial direction. Parametric studies for oil flow at the seal runner and one the sump wall have been generated for a wide range of oil film properties and ambient conditions.
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Kim, Dongnyoung, Inchoel Kim, Thomas M. Krueger e Omer Unsal. "The influence of CEO political ideology on labor relations and firm value". Managerial Finance 47, n.º 9 (29 de abril de 2021): 1300–1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2020-0471.
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PurposeThis article aims to examine the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) internal political beliefs on labor relations. Prior research has paid little attention to channels through which the internal personal value system of managers enhances or deteriorates firm value. The authors provide evidence consistent with CEOs adopting labor policies impacting incumbent management–labor relationships based upon their political ideologies.Design/methodology/approachThe research design tests the impact of CEO political ideology on labor relation using an individual CEO’s personal information and firm affiliation, employee lawsuit information, financial contributions to candidates and committees, and firm financial information. The authors compiled a sample of 4,354 unique CEOs from 2,558 US firms that are covered by ExecuComp and used 18,404 firm-year observations for the study’s analysis. A Heckman two-stage estimation process is used to address a potential sample selection bias and match the requirements of exclusion and relevance criteria.FindingsFindings indicate that firms led by Republican-leaning CEOs are more likely to be sued by their employees, especially for violating union rights. Moreover, the findings of the study uncovered that Republican-leaning CEOs have fewer cases dismissed or withdrawn compared to Democrat-leaning CEOs and are also less likely to settle court cases prior to trial. Results indicate that Republican-leaning CEOs are associated with more substantial decreases in firm value compared to Democrat-leaning CEOs when facing labor allegations. The authors further show that firm value is lower for all firms facing litigation, with the magnitude of the decrease being more pronounced for firms with Republican CEOs.Research limitations/implicationsFirm affiliations are identified using ExecuComp, employee lawsuit information from the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), financial contributions to candidates and committees from the Federal Election Committee (FEC) website, and financial information from Compustat. To the extent that these websites are inaccurate, such as financial contributions being underreported, the findings reported here may understate the relationships reported in this article.Practical implicationsThe authors capture CEO political ideology using political contributions. There may be other means, such as physical space and personal effort, by which one could also estimate the party and intensity of CEO political ideology. This information is unavailable.Social implicationsWhile presidential politics has four-year cycles, managerial finance is a daily activity. While political affiliation is most clearly measurable through monetary contributions, one can see implications of manager political leaning through their relationship with labor throughout the election cycle.Originality/valueThe analyses of this study indicate that labor unions are more likely to sponsor lawsuits and stronger allegations in firms with Republican CEOs and show that withdrawal, settlement or dismissal rates are lower when firms are managed by Republican managers, resulting in higher subsequent legal costs and potentially damaged employee morale. Also, this paper investigates whether lawsuits have a greater negative consequence on firm value when the firm is run by a Republican CEO. The authors find that lawsuits significantly lower Tobin's Q for Republican-led firms compared to companies with Democratic and apolitical CEOs. The authors further show that firm value is lower for all firms facing litigation, with the magnitude of the decrease being more pronounced for firms with Republican CEOs.
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Knight, Carly, Frank Dobbin e Alexandra Kalev. "Under the Radar: Visibility and the Effects of Discrimination Lawsuits in Small and Large Firms". American Sociological Review 87, n.º 2 (11 de março de 2022): 175–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031224221077677.
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Research on how discrimination lawsuits affect corporate diversity has yielded mixed results. Qualitative studies highlight the limited efficacy of lawsuits in the typical workplace, finding that litigation frequently elicits resistance and even retribution from employers. But quantitative studies find that lawsuits can increase workforce diversity. This article develops an account of managerial resistance and firm visibility to reconcile these divergent findings. First, we synthesize job autonomy and group conflict theories to account for resistance that occurs when dominant groups perceive non-dominant groups to be attempting to usurp managerial authority, in this case through litigation. Second, we integrate insights from organizational institutionalism, which suggests that highly visible firms seek to demonstrate compliance with legal and societal norms. Drawing on this theory, we predict that only large, visible firms will see increases in diversity following lawsuits, and, by the same token, that the most visible workplaces of those large firms, their headquarters, will see the greatest changes. We test our hypotheses with data on litigation and workforce composition from a diverse set of 632 firms that were sued by the EEOC between 1997 and 2006. This study shows that understanding the consequences of lawsuits across firms, and across organizations within them, is key to tackling workplace discrimination.
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Yanovsky, K. "The Size of the State Sector of the Economy (Theoretical Approaches, Survey of Literature, Russian Experience)". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2004): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-25-34.
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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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Luzan, S. "Regulation and Management of Enterprises with State Participation: International Experience". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2004): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-35-43.
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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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Zhavoronkov, S. "Inefficiency of State Property Management (The Case of Large Enterprises)". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2004): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-44-52.
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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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Savitsky, K. "Tendencies and Ways of Development of Unitary Enterprises". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2004): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-53-63.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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Fominykh, A. "Relative Inefficiency of the State and Private Sectors: The Statistical Approach". Voprosy Ekonomiki, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2004): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-9-64-75.
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The articles by the experts of the Association of Studies of Public Economics analyze the situation with firms of the state sector of the Russian economy along three directions:- qualitative analysis of Russian and foreign experience in governing the public sector of the economy;- institutional and legal analysis of state unitary enterprises (SUEs);- comparative statistical analysis of performance indicators of public and private firms in Russia.On the basis of Russian and foreign experience authors study unsuccessful attempts to create effective forms of state entrepreneurship, argue the impossibility to make positive incentives for managers within the system of "bureaucratic entrepreneurship" and the necessity to limit state intervention into economic activity by a small number of public goods which cannot be provided by markets. Authors give a number of examples of various forms of inefficient governance and misuse of public property in modern Russia. Authors study the evolution of the legal form of SUEs which was created in the Soviet-type economy, perspectives of its existence in the modern Russian legislation. They prove the contradictory nature of SUEs and make conclusion about the inevitability of transformation of this sector of the Russian economy. The results of performance indicators comparison of private and public enterprises are contradictory. Federal SUEs show significantly better results than private firms in return on sales, liquidity and financial stability though return on labor and capital (labor productivity and return on assets) is lower in the SUEs. At the same time corporations with a majority block of shares in the hands of the federal government (which are similar to the SUEs in many aspects) are the worst performers among all types of firms with state participation. Authors attempt to explain these contradictions.
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George Frynas, Jędrzej. "Social and environmental litigation against transnational firms in Africa". Journal of Modern African Studies 42, n.º 3 (3 de agosto de 2004): 363–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000230.
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As elsewhere in the world, Africa has experienced a rise in litigation against transnational corporations for adverse environmental and social impact. Cape plc and RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage and for breach of employment rights in Africa. Companies which sold products to South Africa's former apartheid regime, such as Fujitsu and IBM, are now being sued in US courts. Shell and Chevron are being sued in US courts for human rights abuses in Nigeria. At the same time, foreign firms have been successfully sued in African courts for social and environmental damage. This article outlines the main relevant court cases and attempts to assess the significance of this litigation. The discussion of litigation in this article is divided into three parts: court cases filed in English, American and African (mainly Nigerian) courts. This is followed by an explanation of the triggers of legal change, a discussion of the impact of litigation and the conclusion.
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Jingyu, Zhao, Lyv Yaguo, Liu Zhenxia e Ren Guozhe. "Numerical Study on the Improvement of Oil Return Structure in Aero-Engine Bearing Chambers". International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 35, n.º 1 (26 de março de 2018): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2016-0022.
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AbstractNumerical study has been carried out to improve the unreasonable oil film accumulation and oil return effect of the bearing chamber. Ramp sump and eccentricity sump offtake structures are designed and improved, and oil-gas two-phase flow calculation model based on CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume of fluid) method is proposed. Based on the grid-independent analysis and verifying the rationality of numerical data, oil-gas movement mechanism and oil return characteristics for different scavenge offtakes are calculated and analyzed. Results show that both the ramp sump and eccentricity sump offtake structures have favorable effects on improving the local oil distribution such as recirculation and stripping, etc. at low rotation speeds and alleviating the rapid decline of scavenge efficiency at high rotation speeds. Meanwhile, the air shear force is the main reason for the rapid decline of scavenge efficiency, while the design of oil return sump makes for the oil discharge from the scavenge offtake, and the deeper the sump depth is, the better.
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K.C.L. "Parties Settle in HIV Claim under ADA". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, n.º 3 (1995): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500004459.
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On October 31, 1994, it was announced that a confidential settlement had been reached in Doe v. Kohn, Nast & Graf, P.C., et al. (No. 93-4510 (E.D. Pa. filed Aug. 19, 1993), 862F. Supp. 1310 (E.D. Pa. 1994)). The settlement in ths widely publicized AIDS discrimination case came three weeks after the trial began in the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (“Philadelphia Lawyer Settles AIDS Discrimination Claims Against Firm,” Daily Lab. Rep. (BNA), Nov. 2, 1994, at 10).Plaintiff Doe, an associate employed at Kohn, Nast & Graf, a prominent law firm in Philadelphia, filed an AIDS discrimination case under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) against his employer claiming that the firm fired him in March 1993 because he was HIV-positive. Doe's complaint also cited claims under ERISA and other Pennsylvania employment laws.
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Cohen, H. Harvey, e Cindy A. LaRue. "Consequences of Poor Workplace Layout and Ambient Conditions: Case Study of an Industrial Injury". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n.º 9 (setembro de 2005): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900906.
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Our firm was retained to consult on a lawsuit involving an injury sustained by an employee of a food processing plant. While performing an assigned, yet unfamiliar task, the employee unintentionally stepped into an uncovered sump well containing water in excess of 140° (60°), seriously burning one leg. The sump well had been uncovered for routine maintenance by another employee who neglected to put the lid on the well when he had completed his task. This case went to litigation with the plumbing contractor, general contractor and boiler company as defendants. This paper will provide a human factors/ergonomics analysis of the incident, describing the facility design and maintenance issues, as well as the human and system errors that led to the injury. Also discussed are recommendations based on human factors principles that would have decreased the likelihood of the incident occurring.
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Amoozegar, Arash, Kuntara Pukthuanthong e Thomas J. Walker. "On the role of the chief risk officer and the risk committee in insuring financial institutions against litigation". Managerial Finance 43, n.º 1 (9 de janeiro de 2017): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-05-2016-0127.
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Purpose In most financial institutions, chief risk officers (CROs) and their risk management (RM) staff fulfill a role in managing risk exposures, yet their lack of involvement in the governance has been cited as an influential factor that contributed to the financial crisis of 2007-2008. Various legislative and regulatory bodies have pressured financial firms to improve their risk governance structures to better weather potential future crises. Assuming that CROs and risk committees are given sufficient power to influence the corporate governance of financial institutions, can CROs and risk committees protect financial institutions from violating litigable securities law? Can they improve bank performance? The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ a principal component analysis to construct a single measure that captures various aspects of RM in a firm. The authors compare the risk governance characteristics of sued firms with their non-sued peers and consider one of the final outcomes of risky behavior: shareholder litigation. The authors compute ROA and buy-and-hold abnormal returns to capture operating and stock performance and examine whether risk governance improves bank performance by reducing litigation risk. Findings Proper risk governance reduces a firm’s litigation probability. The addition of the RM factor to models that have been previously proposed in the literature improves the accuracy of those models in identifying companies that are most susceptible to class action lawsuits. Better RM improves the financial and stock price performance of financial institutions. Research limitations/implications The data collection is laborious as the information about CRO governance has to be hand-collected from the 10-K report. A broader sample employing, e.g., non-US banks may provide additional insights into the relationship between RM practices, shareholder litigation, and bank performance. Practical implications The study shows that a bank’s RM functions play a critical role in improving bank and operating performance and in reducing shareholder litigation. Banks should emphasize the RM function. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the mechanism behind the positive association between RM and bank performance. The study shows that better RM improves overall bank performance by decreasing litigation risk.
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Weinstock, Vladimir D., e Stephen D. Heister. "Modeling Oil Flows in Engine Sumps: Drop Dynamics and Wall Impact Simulation". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, n.º 1 (13 de dezembro de 2004): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924432.
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A computational preliminary design tool has been developed to help simulate drop-related processes that take place in an oil sump of a gas turbine engine accounting for drop motion, deformation, breakup, and drop∕wall interactions including wall film impact and potential splashing. Aerodynamic interactions with the gas phase are considered using an exact solution of the Navier–Stokes equations to approximate the annular gas flow. Detailed results for the baseline case that attempts to replicate the conditions found in a typical oil sump of a turbofan engine are presented. In addition, the results of more general parametric studies utilizing a simplified geometry that investigated the effects of changing various parameters are discussed.
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Farjana, Sadia, Mohamadamir Ghaderi, Sofia Rahiminejad, Sjoerd Haasl e Peter Enoksson. "Dry Film Photoresist-Based Microfabrication: A New Method to Fabricate Millimeter-Wave Waveguide Components". Micromachines 12, n.º 3 (3 de março de 2021): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030260.
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This paper presents a novel fabrication method based on dry film photoresists to realize waveguides and waveguide-based passive components operating at the millimeter-wave frequency (30–300 GHz). We demonstrate that the proposed fabrication method has a high potential as an alternative to other microfabrication technologies, such as silicon-based and SU8-based micromachining for realizing millimeter-wave waveguide components. Along with the nearly identical transfer of geometrical structures, the dry film photoresist offers other advantages such as fewer processing steps, lower production cost, and shorter prototyping time over the conventional micromachining technologies. To demonstrate the feasibility of the fabrication process, we use SUEX dry film to fabricate a ridge gap waveguide resonator. The resonator is designed to exhibit two resonances at 234.6 and 284 GHz. The measured attenuation at 234 GHz is 0.032 dB/mm and at 283 GHz is 0.033 dB/mm for the fabricated prototype. A comparative study among different existing technologies indicates that the reported method can give a better unloaded Q-value than other conventional processes. The measured unloaded Q-values are in good agreement with the simulated unloaded Q-values. The signal attenuation indicates that SUEX dry film photoresists can be used to fabricate passive devices operating at millimeter-wave frequencies. Moreover, this new fabrication method can offer fast and low-cost prototyping.
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Sadek, Hatem. "Implementation of Low-Pressure Water Mist System for Fire Suppression inside a Model of Road Tunnel". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 9, n.º 6 (30 de março de 2021): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.f5325.039621.
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Previous studies have proven the performance of certain water mist system in general or in suppressing certain tunnel fires. The southern tunnel under the Suez Canal in the province of Ismailia length of 4 kilometers and 800 meters is serving the movement from Ismailia to Sinai through the Suez Canal old and new, while serving the northern tunnel movement from Sinai to Ismailia through the two channels. This tunnel in Ismailia is the largest in the world, with outer diameter of 12.6 meters, the internal 11,40 meters, the length of the tunnel is 4830 meters and reaches 6830 meters with the entrances and exits, the distance between the north and south tunnels 12 meters, and the maximum depth of the tunnel 45 meters down both Suez Canals. Since completing this project in the begin of 2019, this Tunnel did not experimentally test. This paper describes an experimental study of a low-pressure water-mist system (LPWMS) used in a scaled fire test conducted in a section of a scaled down road tunnel. The length, width, and height of the tunnel were 6 m, 2.4 m, and 2 m, respectively, which are in a ratio of 1:4 to the dimensions of an actual tunnel. The LPWMS used a pump pressure of 5.5 bar, and the system configuration was designed according to the pressure generated by the pump. Without a ventilation fan, the fire suppression time was 275 s, and amount of water required to fully suppress the fire was 696.67 L. When a ventilation fan was used, the maximum temperature location was moved from the center of the 6 m long tunnel toward the air inlet end of the tunnel (upstream). While this study will find the performance of the LPWMS in suppressing a fire in a small section of the Ismailia tunnel, determining the times spent and the amount of water consumed in the various stages of fire suppression, and in addition to studying the effect of the ventilation fan on These results and the location of the maximum temperature in the tunnel.
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Cheit, Ross E., e Jacob E. Gersen. "When Businesses Sue Each Other: An Empirical Study of State Court Litigation". Law & Social Inquiry 25, n.º 03 (2000): 789–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2000.tb00161.x.
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Using a mixture of court docket data and case files, we construct a data set of business litigation in Rhode Island Superior Court during 1987 and 1988. Business litigation is defined as a suit involving an economic firm as both a plaintiff and a defendant. The empirical analysis complements recent scholarship providing answers to descriptive questions about the frequency, nature of, parties to, and intensity of the business litigation docket. Using Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes, indicators of industry participation in litigation are developed, and positive analysis undertaken to explain variation across industries. Several hypothesis are developed and tested using quantitative analysis. We conclude that contextual economic conditions favoring the creation of long-term business relationships help prevent litigation between firms.
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VOITH, MELODY. "GREENPEACE SUES CHEMICAL FIRMS". Chemical & Engineering News 88, n.º 49 (6 de dezembro de 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen120210135843.
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Nageri, Kamaldeen Ibraheem, e Rihanat Idowu Abdulkadir. "Is the Nigerian Stock Market Efficient? Pre and Post 2007-2009 Meltdown Analysis". Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 29, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2019): 38–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2019-0011.
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Abstract Efficient market hypothesis asserts movements in asset prices are due to significant changes in information. The financial crisis of 2007-2009 originated from subprime mortgages in the United States and affected African countries through local stock markets. This study evaluates the Nigerian stock market efficiency in the pre and post financial meltdown of 2007-2009. GARCH models under three error distributional assumptions were used. The data covers January 2010 to December 2016 divided into pre and post meltdown. Findings indicate that in the pre and post meltdown, the Nigerian stock market is inefficient in the weak form while using the meltdown as event window, the market is efficient in the semi-strong form. It was recommended that prompt release of financial information by quoted firms should be on-line real time and mandatory to discourage rumour and speculative activities. Authority should not only spell out punishments but should be strict and firm about it.
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Gordon, Joel. "Film, Fame, and Public Memory: Egyptian Biopics From Mustafa Kamil to Nasser 56". International Journal of Middle East Studies 31, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1999): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800052971.
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Three years ago, the film Nasser 56 (1996), from Muhammad Fadil, a dramatic reenactment of the Suez crisis, set unprecedented attendance records in Egypt. Opening at the end of another disappointing year marked by a steady decline in studio film production and a dearth of high-quality offerings—and held back from public screening a full year by wavering government support—the film breathed new life into the movie industry and precipitated a national discussion about the legacy of Gamal Abdel Nasser. The film has come and gone from Cairo theaters (although screenings abroad continue), but Nasser 56 will remain a historic film. In dramatic fashion, it broke a long-accepted taboo against cinematic depiction of modern political leaders. It is also the first serious attempt at film biography by an Egyptian filmmaker in thirty years.
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Munir, Maimunah. "Challenging New Order’s Gender Ideology in Benyamin Sueb’s Betty Bencong Slebor: A Queer Reading". Plaridel 11, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2014): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.52518/2014.11.2-04mnr.
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The representation of sexuality in Soeharto’s New Order Indonesian films mainly centred on the female reproductive role, and tended to present the nation as constructed of heterosexual families rather than individual citizens (Boellstorff, 2005). Under this formulation of gender ideology, all sexual practice outside heterosexual marriage could be seen as contradictory to the God-given nature of Indonesian citizens. Despite few representations, non-reproductive sexualities film-themes were produced and consumed. Released in 1978, Benyamin Sueb’s Betty Bencong Slebor became box-office hit in the late of 1970s and negotiated the state’s ideology that viewed cinema as a ‘vehicle for the creation of a national culture’ (Sen and Hill, 2000). This comedy film genre is criticising the mainstream perception of waria, male to female transgender (MtF) that is marginalized as a second-class citizen. Betty, the house maid waria in Bokir’s family, starred by famous comedian Benyamin Sueb, portrayed how gender identity is not a fixed identity; it’s merely a condition of doing straightness or doing queerness. Bokir’s wife feels blessed of having Betty in her family to resist Bokir as a womaniser. In this point, waria-ness is an alternative strategy to negotiate patriarchal system. Queer film reading especially Judith Butler’s theory on gender performativity will be used in analysing the film diegetic. The study finds that Betty Bencong Slebor can be seen as a cult film, considering the main protagonist and the film director is Benyamin Sueb as one of the greatest cult icons in Indonesia. As a cult film, Betty Bencong Slebor helps to understand the complexity, ambiguity and the harsh life of a wadam/waria, a marginalized group with a distinct identity. Betty’s gender fluidity offers a playful negotiation to New Order’s essentialist concept of gender binary system. This transgressive element confirms Ernest Mathijs and Mendik’s perspective (2007) that a cult film ‘rub against cultural sensitivities and resist dominant politics’.
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Qu, Fu, e Jian Zhong Cui. "Effect of Magnetic Field on Air Film Continuous Casting". Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (fevereiro de 2011): 2827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2827.
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The influences of low frequency magnetic field and static magnetic field on the air film casting process are studied in this paper. 6063 aluminum alloy ingot of 174-mm diameter were produced by electromagnetic air film casting process; intensity of the coil current is from 50 to 200A, and frequency is from 15 to 30Hz. The results showed that low-frequency magnetic fields can speed up the flow of liquid metal in sump and the air film stability was undermined, leading to folds and segregations appeared on the ingot surface. Static magnetic field could inhibit the melt to erosion the solidified shell effectively, it’s help to improve the speed and pull good surface quality.
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Ochiai, Shinsuke. "Acrylic Film Technolloy®". Seikei-Kakou 20, n.º 10 (20 de setembro de 2008): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.20.761.
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Sueoka, Masanori. "PPS Film “Torelina®”". Seikei-Kakou 27, n.º 6 (20 de maio de 2015): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.27.232.
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Liu, Chun Yuan, Wei In Lin e Jenshi B. Wang. "Polymer Blend through Inclusion Complexation". Advanced Materials Research 936 (junho de 2014): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.936.8.
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A new method is proposed to improve blend compatability through inclusion complexation. The host polymer and the guest polymer are synthesized respectively and blended to form a film. The transparency of blend film increases and, at some composition, a third Tg is obsereved, indicating the inclusion complex between these two polymers
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Wang, Qing, Zhao Yang Ding, Jing Da, Jing Zhang e Zhi Tong Sui. "Research on Mechanical Property of Single Panel Fire-Resistant Glass with Cs+ Ion and Rb+ Ion Exchange". Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (fevereiro de 2011): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.1053.
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The effect of Cs+ ion and Rb+ ion in the molten salt of different proportion on the single panel fire-resistant glass is discussed in this paper. The single panel fire-resistant glass was prepared by the method of ion-exchange, with proper amount of additives and adding KNO3 and CsNO3 , KNO3 and RbNO3 as the main part of molten salt. The proportion of the molten salt was changed separately, a contrast test was performed to measure the flexure strength. The results indicated that the flexure strength of the single panel fire-resistant glass increased firstly and then stabilized as the ratios of w(CsNO3)/w(KNO3) and w(CsNO3)/w(RbNO3) increased respectively. With the ratio of w(CsNO3)/w(KNO3) =1.5%, the mechanical property of the single panel fire-resistant glass was proper and the maximum flexure strength was 274 MPa. In the case of RbNO3, the flexure strength of single panel fire-resistant was 244 MPa with the ratio of w(CsNO3)/w(KNO3) = 0.3%. According to the research, it is found that the method of ion-exchange of Cs+ and Rb+ into plain glass to prepare single panel fire-resistant glass is feasible, the sample melted under the condition of 1 hour and 780 without any trace of thermal explosion.
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Wang, Hai Bo, Xiang Chao Zhang e Li Chen. "Preparation TiO2 Thin Films Using Freeze Drying Technique". Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (maio de 2011): 2738–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.2738.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film has been successfully synthesized deposited on glass substrates by the sol–gel dip-coating method using freeze drying technique. The precursor and TiO2 film were characterized using thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis technology. The preparation of the precursor sols and TiO2 film were described in detail. The XRD result demonstrates that the TiO2 film is well crystallized and consists of anatase phase only with (101) plane. The morphology of the nanoparticles of TiO2 thin film is spherical shape with grain size of 30.1 nm in average diameter and the surface of the TiO2 film is smooth. The freeze drying technique offers a novel process route in treating thin film for commercial applications
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Hedley, Steve. "EMPLOYERS’ LIABILITY—ASSESSMENT OF DAMAGES—REDUCTION TO REFLECT FAULT OF OTHER PARTIES". Cambridge Law Journal 59, n.º 3 (16 de novembro de 2000): 421–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300250204.
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THE claimant was employed for 39 years as a marine fitter, working for various employers. For 24 of those years he was exposed to asbestos, and eventually he developed asbestosis, presumably as a result of that exposure. He sued the defendants, one of the firms that had employed him; about 12 years of his exposure, half the total, were suffered through the defendants’ negligence and breach of statutory duty. General damages were assessed at £32,000. The issue was whether or to what extent those damages should be reduced, to reflect the fact that other firms (now either insolvent or untraceable) shared the responsibility for the claimant’s exposure to risk.
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Harinkhere, Disha, Nikita Karma, K. K. Choudhary e Netram Kaurav. "Comparative study of Structural, Optical and Dielectric properties of [(PVP:PVA)-Cr3+] and [(PVP:PVA)-La3+] Composite films". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2603, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2603/1/012026.
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Abstract Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer blend composite films doped with lanthanum (La) and chromium (Cr) ion were prepared via solution casting method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to examine the structural characteristics. UV-Visible photospectroscope was employed to measure optical properties and dielectric properties was measured using LCR meter. XRD results showed the semicrystalline behaviour of prepared films. Cr ion doped polymer blend composite film had an optical band gap of 4.17 eV, whereas La ion doped films had a band gap of 4.769 eV. From the comparative study of the (PVP:PVA)-Cr3+ and (PVP:PVA)-La3+ composite polymer films it was observed that La3+ doped film had lower dielectric constant. The ac conductivity of the (PVP:PVA)-Cr3+ film is found to be higher than the (PVP:PVA)-La3+ film.
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Faella, Gianluca, e Pietro Merlino. "Strategic Underinvestment as an Abuse of Dominance under EU Competition Rules". World Competition 36, Issue 4 (1 de dezembro de 2013): 513–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2013040.
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The latest frontier of the essential facility doctrine under EU competition law is the use of antitrust rules to impose on dominant firms a duty to invest in infrastructure development. While a genuine lack of capacity has traditionally been considered an objective justification for a refusal to grant access to an essential facility, the decisions issued by the Italian Competition Authority in Eni/TTPC and by the Commission in GDF Suez and Eni have questioned the dominant firms' freedom to decide whether, to what extent and under what conditions to invest in infrastructure development. In all the above-mentioned cases, the antitrust authorities were ultimately concerned with the dominant firms' alleged failure to make adequate investments in infrastructure development, as a consequence of the conflict of interest inherent in vertical integration. However, the objections raised by the Italian Competition Authority and by the Commission rest on profoundly different - and, to a certain extent, contradictory - grounds. Whereas the Eni-TTPC decision appears to have been heavily influenced by an extremely complex and peculiar set of facts, the GDF Suez and Eni decisions were based on the essential facility doctrine. The broad and flexible interpretation of this doctrine set forth by the Commission seems to have further lowered the threshold above which antitrust authorities may find abusive a refusal to grant access to an important facility. Furthermore, the Commission introduced a notion of strategic underinvestment based on the independent facility operator test, which seems extremely discretionary and difficult to apply.
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Walsh, Vivien. "Design, Innovation, and the Boundaries of the Firm1". Academic Review 1, n.º 1 (novembro de 2000): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7177.2000.tb00007.x.
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Hausmanninger, Thomas. "Wer hat unseren Kindern das Töten beigebracht? Ein Aufruf gegen Gewalt in Fernsehen, Film und Computerspielen." International Review of Information Ethics 4 (1 de dezembro de 2005): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie174.
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Review of Lt. Col. Dave Grossman and Gloria DeGaetano: Stop Teaching Our Kids to Kill. A Call to Action Against TV, Movie & Video Game Violence, New York: Crown Publications, 1999, 196 S. Lt. Col. Dave Grossman, Gloria DeGaetano: Wer hat unserem Kindern das Töten beigebracht? Ein Aufruf gegen Gewalt in Fernsehen, Film und Computerspielen. Mit Beiträgen von Prof. Werner Glogauer, Barbara Supp und Dr. Bruno Sandkühler, Stuttgart: Verlag freies Geistesleben & Urachhaus 2002, 194 S., € 14,50
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Плотников, В. А., С. В. Макаров, О. О. Еремеенкова e А. А. Шуткин. "Распределение кластеров, сформированных sp-=SUP=-2-=/SUP=-- и sp-=SUP=-3-=/SUP=--связями, в углеродной алмазоподобной тонкой пленке". Журнал технической физики 91, n.º 4 (2021): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.04.50624.157-20.
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Diamond-like thin films obtained by condensation on carbon metal substrates from a vapor-gas phase are presented. Graphite targets were evaporated by defocused laser radiation. Using the hardware-software complex of a scanning probe microscope in the tunnel current mode, the distribution of regions with sp2 and sp3 bonds in a diamond-like film is analyzed. It is shown that the structure of a diamond-like film consists of large diamond non-conducting fragments with sp3 bonds, along the boundaries of which current regions with sp2 bonds are localized.
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McBride, Nicholas J. "Restitution for services performed under an illegal contract". Cambridge Law Journal 57, n.º 3 (novembro de 1998): 429–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197398293019.
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ALAGA & Co. was a firm of solicitors representing a number of Somali refugees applying for asylum in the UK. Ali Mohamed, a leading figure in the Somali community in the UK, sued Alaga: Mohamed v. Alaga & Co. [1998] 2 All E.R. 720. He had introduced the refugees to Alaga and wanted to be rewarded for making the introductions. He claimed that Alaga had entered into an oral contract with him whereby it undertook to pay him half of any fees it received from the Legal Aid Board in respect of refugees that he introduced to the firm. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, Alaga denied making any such agreement. It was unlawful for it to do so. The rules of the Law Society have legal force under the Solicitors Act 1974, s. 31. Under rule 3 of those rules a solicitor may accept introductions of business from other people so long as he or she does not reward the introducers of that business in any way. Under rule 7 of the same rules a solicitor is not allowed to share or agree to share his or her fees with anyone else except other practising solicitors, his or her employees and his or her retired partners. Lightman J. assumed, for the purposes of deciding the case, that Alaga did agree to pay Mohamed for any refugees he introduced to the firm.
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Nipoti, Roberta, Maurizio Puzzanghera, Maria Concetta Canino, Giovanna Sozzi e Paolo Fedeli. "Ni-Al-Ti Ohmic Contacts with Preserved Form Factor and Few 10- 4 Ωcm2 Specific Resistance on 0.1-1 Ωcm p-Type 4H-SiC". Materials Science Forum 924 (junho de 2018): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.924.385.
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This study shows that a thin Ni film on Al/Ti/4H-SiC metal pads allows to preserve the pad form factor during a 1000 °C/2 min treatment, provided that the Al and Ti film thicknesses are sufficiently thin. Moreover, by reducing the Al to Ti thickness ratio, droplet formation in the contact area is avoided and a mirror-like appearance is obtained. This optimal contact morphology corresponds to a specific contact resistance of few 10-4Ωcm2at room temperature on p-type 4H-SiC with resistivity in the range 0.1 – 1 Ωcm.
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Гудков, С. И., К. Д. Бакланова, М. В. Каменщиков, А. В. Солнышкин e А. Н. Белов. "Электропроводность и барьерные свойства тонких пленок ниобата лития-=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-". Физика твердого тела 60, n.º 4 (2018): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.04.45685.09d.
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AbstractThe thin-film structures made of LiNbO_3 and obtained via laser ablation and magnetron sputtering are studied with volt-farad and volt-ampere characteristics. A potential barrier on the Si–LiNbO_3 interface was found for both types of the films with the capacitance-voltage characteristics. The current-voltage characteristics showed that there are several conduction mechanisms in the structures studied. The Poole–Frenkel effect and the currents limited by a space charge mainly contribute to the electrical conductivity in the LiNbO_3 film produced with the laser ablation method. The currents limited by a space charge contribute to the main mechanism in the film heterostructure obtained with the magnetron sputtering method.
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Zhang, Hao, Jun Cui, Yuxin Zeng, Yu Zhang e Yuansheng Pei. "Direct Electrodeposition of Carbon Dots Modifying Bismuth Film Electrode for Sensitive Detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+". Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2022): 017501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac47e7.
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A sensitive, selective, and stable sensor for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in aqueous solution has been developed based on the carbon dots (CDs) and Nafion-modified bismuth film glassy carbon electrode (GCE). High graphitized CDs prepared by the sulfuric acid-assisted hydrothermal synthesis were directly electrodeposited on the GCE surface by cyclic voltammetry. Compared with the conventional bismuth film electrodes, CDs greatly improved the electrochemical activity of the bismuth film electrode for the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. After decorating CDs, the surface impedance of the GCE was decreased from 10.9 kΩ to 4.84 kΩ. Meanwhile, the corresponding response currents of the Bi/GCE were increased over 7.4 and 2.4 times for Cd2+ and Pb2+ with a wide linear range of 0.05–0.50 mg l−1, respectively. High sensitivity was obtained with the detection limits of 3.1 μg l−1 (Cd2+) and 2.3 μg l−1 (Pb2+). Moreover, good stability was obtained for the simultaneous determination of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the practical underground water with the relative standard deviations less than 10%. The results indicated that the CDs-modified bismuth film electrode could potentially be applied to detect the heavy metal ion concentrations in practical environment.
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Irum, Faiza. "Green Supply Chain Management and Sustainability: A Proposed Model of Stakeholder Pressure". Digital Management Sciences Journal 1, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2024): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.62854/dmsj.v1i2.25.
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The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between green supply chain management practices, stakeholder pressure and sustainability and its dimensions (economic, social and environmental). For this purpose quantitative survey was used. Data was collected form 200 firms in which manufacturing and services industry were included. Nonprobability sampling technique was used. SPSS was sued for analysis of the data. It was found that 200 completed questionnaires were analyzed. Highest mean score was recorded for economic performance followed by the GSCM. Moreover there is significant correlation found between GSCM, stakeholder pressure and sustainability. It is concluded that firms should produce the eco-friendly products and services if concerns are shown by the stakeholders such as customers, creditors, suppliers, employees.
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Rogers, Jonathan L., Andrew Van Buskirk e Sarah L. C. Zechman. "Disclosure Tone and Shareholder Litigation". Accounting Review 86, n.º 6 (1 de julho de 2011): 2155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-10137.
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ABSTRACT We examine the relation between disclosure tone and shareholder litigation to determine whether managers' use of optimistic language increases litigation risk. Using both general-purpose and context-specific text dictionaries to quantify tone, we find that plaintiffs target more optimistic statements in their lawsuits and that sued firms' earnings announcements are unusually optimistic relative to other firms experiencing similar economic circumstances. These findings are consistent with optimistic language increasing litigation risk. In addition, we find incrementally greater litigation risk when managers are both unusually optimistic and engage in abnormal selling. This finding suggests that firms can mitigate litigation risk by ensuring that optimistic statements are not contradicted by insider selling. Finally, we find that insider selling is associated with litigation risk only when contemporaneous disclosures are unusually optimistic. JEL Classifications: G38; K22; M41; M48. Data Availability: Data are available from sources indicated in the text.
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Lawrence, Michael Brandeau, Jeffrey A. Divietro, Richard S. Larson e Larry A. Sklar. "Immobilized SDF-1α Triggers Rapid VLA-4 Affinity Increases to Stabilize Lymphocyte Tethers on VCAM-1 and Subsequently Initiate Firm Adhesion (97.7)". Journal of Immunology 178, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2007): S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.97.7.
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Abstract The integrin VLA-4 (?4?1) mediates tethering and rolling events as well as firm adhesion of leukocytes to VCAM-1. Unlike selectins, VLA-4 integrin-mediated lymphocyte adhesiveness can be modulated by chemokines through intracellular signaling pathways. To investigate the effects of the chemokine Stromal cell Derived Factor-1? (SDF-1?) on VLA-4-mediated lymphocyte adhesion; human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were flowed over VCAM-1 substrates in a parallel plate flow chamber with surface immobilized SDF-1?, a potent activator of firm adhesion. The initial tethering interactions had a median lifetime of 200 ms, consistent with the half-life of low affinity VLA-4-VCAM-1 bonds. Immobilized SDF-1? acted within the lifetime of a primary tether to stabilize initial tethering interactions, increasing the likelihood a PBL would remain interacting with the surface. As expected, the immobilized SDF-1? also increased the ratio of PBL firm adhesion to rolling. An LDV peptide-based small molecule that preferentially binds high affinity VLA-4 reduced PBL firm adhesion to VCAM-1 by 90%. The reduction in firm adhesion due to blockage of high affinity VLA-4 was paralleled by a four-fold increase in the fraction of rolling PBL. SDF-1? activation of PBL firm adhesion on VCAM-1 depended on induction of high affinity VLA-4 rather than recruitment of a pre-existing pool of high affinity VLA-4 as previously thought. Supported by NIH R01 HL54614.
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Ma, Xiang Yang, Pei Liang Chen, Dong Sheng Li e De Ren Yang. "Electroluminescence from ZnO/n+-Si Heterojunction". Solid State Phenomena 131-133 (outubro de 2007): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.131-133.625.
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The ZnO/n+-Si heterojunction has been fabricated via depositing nominally undoped ZnO film by reactive sputtering on a heavily arsenic-doped (n+) silicon substrate. The sputtered ZnO film was n-type in conductivity with an electron concentration of 1.0×1018 cm-3. The current-voltage characteristics indicate that the ZnO/n+-Si heterojunction does not possess rectifying function. Under the forward bias with the negative voltage applied on the n+-Si substrate, the heterojunction emits ultraviolet and broad visible lights characteristics of near-band-edge and defect-related emissions of ZnO, respectively. The EL mechanism has been tentatively explained in terms of the energy-band diagram.
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Johnson, Donald W., e Bin-Hong Tsai. "SUEX Laminates for Fan-In, Fan-Out and eWLB Development". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (1 de janeiro de 2011): 000635–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-ta31.
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The focus of this presentation is on the use of SUEX epoxy Thick Dry Film Sheets (TDFS) as a photoimagable dielectric layer in fan-in, fan-out and e-WLP applications. The sheets can be laminated over severe topography from under 2 μm to over 200 μm in height yielding void free coatings with 100% planarization over the entire substrate. The TDFS are available in a range of thicknesses and wafer or panel sizes. This new material is prepared under a highly controlled solvent-less process, which provides uniform coatings between two throw-away layers of protective polyester film. SUEX sheets of 100 μm thickness have been vacuum laminated in an isothermal process at 60–80°C over 180 μm high, 2mm X 2mm device chips mounted onto a silicon carrier wafer. Process optimization studies were run to determine the desired chamber vacuum, chuck temperature, lamination pressure and lamination time for optimal performance. The entire lamination process has a cycle time of about 10min. Using a vacuum laminator we have been able to obtain totally void-free coatings over 2 to 5 μm high bonding pads and buss lines at the silicon surface with a resist thickness of 205 μm over the trench and 25 μm thickness over the back of the chip with 100% planarization over the surface interface. Exposures on a contact aligner have yielded nominal 50 μm diameter via holes through the resist film to the contact pads at the bottom of the trench. Excellent adhesion to all surfaces on both the carrier wafer and the device chip has been obtained without any delamination or crack formation. Additional work to be presented will demonstrate the filling of the vias with electroplated copper to form interconnects the interconnects to for connection to bonding pads on the fan-out package surface.
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Muhtaseb, Majed. "National Football League faces hedge fund manager fraud: implications for professional associations and investors from the case of international management associates". Journal of Investment Compliance 16, n.º 3 (7 de setembro de 2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-01-2015-0013.
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Purpose – To describe the fraudulent activity of investment manager Kirk S. Wright and to discuss its implications for investors and professional associations. Design/methodology/approach – Describes how Mr Wright established and built his fund business, how he solicited investors, how he falsified financial reporting to investors, how investors discovered his fraud and filed lawsuits, how the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) took disciplinary action, and how National Football League (NFL) players unsuccessfully sued the NFL and its players’ union for recommending Mr Wright’s firm. Draws lessons from the story for investors and associations. Findings – Since hedge funds are not as strictly regulated as other investment vehicles, investors need to take extra steps to not fall prey to unscrupulous fund managers. Originality/value – Detailed, informative case study.
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Conaghan, Joanne. "Investigating rape: human rights and police accountability". Legal Studies 37, n.º 1 (março de 2017): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12141.
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This paper explores the implications of D v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2016] QB 161, a recent decision of the Court of Appeal in which two victims of a serial rapist successfully sued the Metropolitan police for investigative failures relying on Art 3 of the European Convention of Human Rights and the Human Rights Act 1998. The paper reflects upon the extent to which English courts are willing to recognise a duty to investigate within the wider context of civil claims against the police, particularly with regard to failures arising from the investigation of crimes of sexual and domestic violence. The comparative scope of tort and human rights claims is also considered, along with the evolving jurisprudential trend towards drawing a firm line between the two kinds of claim.