Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "STUDY AIDS – ACT"
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Pardede, Jek Amidos, Santhana Letchmi Panduragan, Satheesh Babu Natarajan, Galvani Volta Simanjuntak, Henny Syapitri, Marthalena Simamora e Mehru Nisha. "Depression Management Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among HIV/AIDS Patients". ICMST 19, s9 (10 de agosto de 2023): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.12.
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Introduction: HIV/AIDS is a worldwide health problem that has claimed a total of 36.7 million lives due to the HIV virus. In Indonesia, there are 30,935 cases of HIV and 7,185 cases of AIDS. HIV/AIDS can affect a person’s mental and psychological health. For example, the most common psychological problem faced by HIV/AIDS patients is depression. Depression experienced by HIV/AIDS patients is caused by the burden of life and social stigma. To overcome the psychological problems experienced by PLHIV, it is necessary to provide psychotherapy such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). ACT is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing a person’s mindset through their experiences so that they can move on with their lives. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of ACT on depression in PLHIV. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. This study’s population consisted of all HIV/AIDS patients who were also depressed. The number of samples in this study is 33 PLWHA who had depression problems using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention given to treat depression in HIV/AIDS patients is ACT with 4 sessions, and the analysis of this study used a t-test. Results: The average depression score of respondents decreased from 38.73 before being given Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to 19.27 after being given ACT. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the average depression score between before and after being given ACT (t= 63,162 and p=0.000).
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Mori, Shunsuke, Kaoru Murakami-Mori, Shuji Nakamura, Avi Ashkenazi e Benjamin Bonavida. "Sensitization of AIDS-Kaposi’s Sarcoma Cells to Apo-2 Ligand-Induced Apoptosis by Actinomycin D". Journal of Immunology 162, n.º 9 (1 de maio de 1999): 5616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5616.
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Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent malignancy associated with HIV infection (AIDS-KS), a complication that leads to high mortality and morbidity. AIDS-KS cells are resistant to killing by chemotherapeutic drugs/NK cells and Fas-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the acquisition of antiapoptotic characteristics by AIDS-KS cells may contribute to their prolonged survival. Apo-2 ligand (Apo-2L)/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, a new member of the TNF family, has been identified as an apoptosis-inducing molecule. In this study we examined the sensitivity of 10 different AIDS-KS isolates to Apo-2L-mediated cytotoxicity. AIDS-KS cells were relatively resistant to Apo-2L; however, Apo-2L and actinomycin D (Act D) used in combination synergistically potentiated the induction of cell death in nine of the 10 isolates. Apo-2L induced apoptosis in >80% of AIDS-KS cells pretreated with Act D. The caspase inhibitors, zIETD-fmk and zDEVD-fmk, inhibited apoptosis in AIDS-KS by sApo-2L, suggesting that caspase 3-like and caspase 8 or 10 activities are essential for Apo-2L-mediated apoptosis. Act D treatment of AIDS-KS cells markedly and selectively down-regulated Bcl-xL expression, while the expressions of decoy receptors 1 and 2, Bax, cellular FLICE (Fas-associated death domain protein-like IL-1-converting enzyme) inhibitory protein, FADD (Fas-associated death domain protein), procaspase 8, and p53 were not affected. These findings suggest the possible involvement of Bcl-xL in Act D-induced sensitization of AIDS-KS cells to Apo-2L-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, Act D did not sensitize PBMC or fibroblast cells to Apo-2L. Thus, Apo-2L and Act D used in combination may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of AIDS-KS.
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Penner, Susan. "A Study of Coalitions among HIV/AIDS Service Organizations". Sociological Perspectives 38, n.º 2 (junho de 1995): 217–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389291.
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This is a study of 89 community-based nonprofit organizations in northern California that provide prevention and care services to persons at risk of or infected by HIV. Executive directors responded to a telephone and mail survey concerning community HIV consortia mandated by the Title II provisions of the Ryan White CARE Act Mandated coalitions are hypothesized to increase the power of the mandating agency over the member organizations; increase interorganizational awareness, interdependence, domain consensus, and cooperation; provide benefits for consortium members; address gaps in community services; influence the division of labor; encourage interorganizational standardization; and stabilize resource exchanges. Although the hypotheses regarding power and stability are not supported, HIV consortia appear to increase organizational interdependence and service-system efficiency. Implications of these findings for theory, research, and policy development are discussed.
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Rabkin, Judith G., Martin C. McElhiney, Mark Harrington e Tim Horn. "Trauma and Growth: Impact of AIDS Activism". AIDS Research and Treatment 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9696725.
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Introduction. Our goal was to assess the long-term impact of AIDS activism of ACT UP/New York on the current adjustment of those who were members during its peak years (1987–1992), including assessment of trauma sequelae as well as posttraumatic growth.Methods. A 90-minute semistructured interview and 6 validated self-report scales were administered. We relied on purposive and snowball sampling to recruit potential participants. Areas covered include demographics, ACT UP participation, and psychiatric problems. Self-report scales provided approximate diagnoses of PTSD and depression, as well as coping, optimism, and related concepts.Results. Participants included 102 men (40% HIV-positive) and 23 women. Seventeen percent reported current symptoms suggesting PTSD, slightly above the range in general population studies. Symptoms consistent with depression were reported by 8% overall, with higher rates for HIV+ men. Enhanced sense of self, belief in change, and empowerment were reported by 93% of respondents, independent of concurrent PTSD or depression.Conclusions. Twenty-eight years later, ACT UP study participants recall their activist days during the AIDS epidemic as the peak experience of their lives. While some continue to have symptoms of stress and depression, most found that their activism has enriched their subsequent lives.
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M. Hamdan, Jihad. "Newspaper Stories on HIV/AIDS in Jordan: A Look into the Lexicon". International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 12, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2011): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.12.1.8.
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The study reported here explored the HIV/AIDS-related lexicon in two mainstream Arabic dailies in Jordan over a period of 21 years. Throughout the time period, the most frequently used term to refer to HIV/AIDS was al-eidz, the Arabicized acronym for 'AIDS'. Both Jordanian and Western media tended to emphasize the role of religion and social values in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The data also showed a significant attitudinal shift, over time, towards HIV/AIDS. This was evident in the gradual disappearance of the negative attributes, e.g. ‘plague of our time’, which were used intensively in the earlier stages to describe HIV/AIDS and people living with it. It was also clear in the slogans used to mobilize the public and other stakeholders to act against the disease. Finally, the study suggested that future research examine the portrayal of HIV/AIDS in the lexicon of tabloids and broadcast and electronic media..
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Pedersen, Carl Christian, Ellen Raben Pedersen, Søren Laugesen, Raul Sanchez-Lopez, Jacob Nielsen, Chris Bang Sørensen, Christos Sidiras, René Gyldenlund Pedersen e Jesper Hvass Schmidt. "Comparison of hearing aid fitting effectiveness with audiograms from either user-operated or traditional audiometry in a clinical setting: a study protocol for a blinded non-inferiority randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open 13, n.º 3 (março de 2023): e065777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065777.
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IntroductionThere is a worldwide need to enhance the capacity of audiometry testing. The objective of this study is to compare the User-operated Audiometry (UAud) system with traditional audiometry in a clinical setting, by investigating if hearing aid effectiveness based on UAud is non-inferior to hearing aid effectiveness based on traditional audiometry, and whether thresholds obtained with the user-operated version of the Audible Contrast Threshold (ACT) test correlates to traditional measures of speech intelligibility.Methods and analysisThe design will be a blinded non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. 250 adults referred for hearing aid treatment will be enrolled in the study. Study participants will be tested using both traditional audiometry as well as the UAud system and they will answer the questionnaire Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) at baseline. Participants will be randomly divided to receive hearing aids fitted based on either UAud or traditional audiometry. Three months after participants have started using their hearing aids, they will undergo a hearing in noise test with hearing aids to measure their speech-in-noise performance and answer the following questionnaires: SSQ12, the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit and the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids. The primary outcome is a comparison of the change in SSQ12 scores from baseline to follow-up between the two groups. Participants will undergo the user-operated ACT test of spectro-temporal modulation sensitivity as part of the UAud system. The ACT results will be compared with measures of speech intelligibility from the traditional audiometry session and follow-up measurements.Ethics and disseminationThe project was evaluated by the Research Ethics Committee of Southern Denmark and judged not to need approval. The findings will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05043207.
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Almeida, Arisa Nara Saldanha de, Lia Carneiro Silveira, Maria Rocineide Ferreira da Silva, Michell Ângelo Marques Araújo e Terezinha Andrade Guimarães. "Subjectivity and Sexuality Production in Women Living With HIV/Aids: a Sociopoetic Production". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18, n.º 2 (abril de 2010): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000200004.
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The study aims to apprehend the subjectivity production possibilities concerning sexuality in a group of women living with HIV/aids, based on the sociopoetic method. The subjects were nine women with HIV/aids attended at the public referral hospital for infectious diseases in Fortaleza-CE. The results appoint that sexuality appears in several dimensions: in the sexual act, in knowing their own body, in professional accomplishment, in feelings of desire and love, besides the feeling of freedom. We concluded that sexuality is present in the individual's totality; it is not limited to the sexual act, but goes much further and is characterized as a dynamic reality
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Fadlila, Nurul, Hanifatur Rosyidah e Is Susiloningtyas. "Supporting Factors of Sex Workers Behavior on HIV/AIDS Prevention: A Qualitative Study". JURNAL KEBIDANAN 10, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v10i1.5545.
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As of November 2018, the number of HIV cases in Semarang reached up to 546. Sex workers have the highest risk to contract HIV/AIDS due to many sexual couples exposure. In 2018, the number of HIV in Argorejo location has increased three times compared to 2017. The purpose of the study was to describe the source of female sex workers information media to act in an effort to prevent HIV / AIDS in the Argorejo Localization in Semarang City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques was in-depth interviews. Population in this research is female sex workers in the Argorejo Localization, Semarang City. A descriptive phenomenological study was used describe the experience of female sex workers during in prostitution. Eleven female sex workers, a foster mother also two health workers as data resource triangulation to collect the data. This analysis also uses content analysis. Most of the sex workers have heard of HIV/AIDS from magazine, social media, sign or poster in dorm and from friends. HIV/AIDS cases that have occurred to the sex workers’ colleagues were one of the guides to behave or in other words considering the experience that has happened before is a strong predictor for behavior in the future.
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McKinney, Martha M., e Katherine M. Marconi. "Delivering HIV Services to Vulnerable Populations: A Review of CARE Act—Funded Research". Public Health Reports 117, n.º 2 (março de 2002): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phr/117.2.99.
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This article summarizes key findings from evaluation and research studies that have received financial support from the HIV/AIDS Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration or from Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act grantees. These studies suggest that the CARE Act has improved but not equalized service accessibility, quality, and outcomes for different populations living with HIV disease. Evaluations of access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) found that uninsured patients, women, people of color, and injection drug users waited much longer than others to receive the new therapies. These disparities were not uniform across study sites, suggesting that clinic characteristics and geographic location have a major influence on prescribing patterns. Once patients gained access to HAART, health insurance status made little difference in clinical outcomes.
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Slack, James D. "Zero-Sum Politics, The Herbert Thesis and the Ryan White Care Act: Lessons from the Local Side of Aids". Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 24, n.º 1 (março de 2001): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937390102400104.
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This study examines the dynamics of grass-roots decision making processes involved in the implementation of the Ryan White CARE Act. Providing social services to persons with HIV/AIDS, the CARE act requires participation of all relevant groups, including representatives of the HIV/AIDS and gay communities. Decision making behavior is explored by applying a political (zero-sum) model and a bureaucratic (the Herbert Thesis) model. Using qualitative research techniques, the Kern County (California) HIV Consortium is used as a case study. Findings shed light on the decision making behavior of social service organizations characterized by intense advocacy and structured on the basis of voluntarism and non-hierarchical relationships. Findings affirm bureaucratic behavior predicted by the Herbert Thesis, and they also discern factors which seem to trigger more conflictual zero-sum behavior.
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Ghosh, Nachiketa, Arijit Dey, Sayantani Majumdar e Debdutta Haldar. "Knowledge and awareness among nurses in tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata regarding HIV positive patient care: a cross-sectional study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, n.º 6 (27 de maio de 2020): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202499.
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Background: Nursing staff have immense contribution in the generation of healthcare and medical care services and act as pillars on which the entire hospital care facility is dependent. This can only be ensured if the hospital staff are well trained and fully updated about the recent treatment protocols to handle the complicated situation of the patients. Objectives of the study was to assess provider’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS, misconceptions and practices in the areas of virology, mode of transmission, prevention.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five tertiary care hospitals of Kolkata, for a period of three months. The sample size of 250 nursing staffs from 5 hospitals were selected by applying simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by oral questionnaire method and results were analysed by appropriate statistical methods.Results: Among the 250 respondents, 62% received training on HIV/AIDS, 79.6% were aware of the fact that HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus, 86% of respondents correctly know that HIV is the agent that causes AIDS and 65% of respondents correctly answered that later stage of HIV is known as AIDS. It was observed that most of the respondents (94%) have good knowledge about spread of HIV via different modes of sexual contact. The fact that AIDS can be transmitted through blood in various ways is also known to most of nurses.Conclusions: The results of this study can be utilized in stressing on the importance of imparting training to the nurses and other healthcare workers related to HIV/AIDS patient care.
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Johansen, Pamela Stowers. "Human Trafficking, Illegal Immigrants and HIV/AIDS". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2006): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i3.1955.
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Human trafficking or “modern day slavery” has been the subject of increasing media and public policy attention. This single case study is an illustration of the complex policy and practice issues involving immigration, human trafficking, and HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases create ethical, legal, and economic dilemmas for health care practitioners serving undocumented immigrants. This paper provides an overview of policies impacting immigrants with HIV/AIDS, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000, and potential “real life” implications of these policies. Suggestions for policy and practice that may provide both individual justice and protection of the larger society are offered. Health education, both domestic and on a global level, has potential to reduce the risks to both individuals and community public health.
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Whyte IV, James, Maria Whyte e Sabrina Dickey. "Stigma towards clients in HIV/AIDS care settings". Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 10, n.º 12 (2 de setembro de 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v10n12p60.
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Stigmatizing behaviors engaged by care providers in clinical settings represent a significant barrier to care seeking on the part of persons living with HIV. The majority of studies addressing stigma by healthcare workers has been reported in the developing world. The current study sought to determine the presence of stigmatizing thoughts and behaviors in Ryan White Care Act funded clinics across the United States. The study used a quantitative descriptive design, and included all such sights in the US and its territories. The results indicated that paraprofessional personnel were more likely to engage in thoughts and behaviors that reflect stigma. This finding is significant since these individuals are the first people who patients contact when seeking care, establishing a significant barrier to retention in care. The study reflects a need to engage education and training designed to minimize these behaviors in paraprofessionals.
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Sedig, Kamran, Sonja Rowhani, Jim Morey e Hai-Ning Liang. "Application of Information Visualization Techniques to the Design of a Mathematical Mindtool: A Usability Study". Information Visualization 2, n.º 3 (setembro de 2003): 142–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500047.
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One of the goals of information visualization is to support human thinking through the use of external visual aids. Mathematical mindtools can act as visual cognitive aids to enhance thinking and reasoning about mathematical objects and concepts. Although some mathematical mindtools incorporate information visualization techniques, the systematic use of these techniques in the design of these tools and their effect on users’ thinking and reasoning need to be investigated. A mathematical mindtool called PARSE (Platonic-Archimedean Solids Explorer) is presented in this paper. PARSE is intended to support the exploration and learning of a subset of geometric shapes. The mathematical objects and concepts embedded in PARSE have been enhanced using information visualization techniques. A usability study of PARSE and its information visualization techniques have been conducted and reported. The study shows that information visualization techniques enhance and support learning and exploration of mathematical concepts. The findings reported in this paper suggest that mathematical mindtools provide a fertile ground for investigating different information visualization techniques and their effectiveness in supporting learning tasks.
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Agnew, Jeremy, e Michael Block. "The Perception of Internal Circuit Noise in Hearing Aids by Listeners With Normal Hearing". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40, n.º 5 (outubro de 1997): 1177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4005.1177.
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Internal circuit noise in hearing aids is distracting to a listener and, if loud enough, may interfere with intelligibility, either by direct masking of weak components of speech or through the generation of undesired intermodulation products, which can also act as a source of masking. The objective characteristics of noise may be measured; however, wearers of hearing aids often differ in their subjective reporting of the perceived characteristics of the internal noise. This study reports on the results for four listeners with normal hearing of matching pitch and amplitude to the internal noise generated within a series of hearing aids. Results of these experiments showed that the listeners (a) primarily matched the perceived pitch of the noise to the frequency of their most sensitive hearing, and (b) matched the perceived level of the noise approximately to the total SPL noise level.
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Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati, Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo, Md. Emdad Ullah, Sin War Naw e Dora Dayu Rahma Turista. "Molecular Docking Study of HIV-1 Antiretroviral Candidate via Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor from Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe". SAINSTEK International Journal on Applied Science, Advanced Technology and Informatics 1, n.º 01 (9 de junho de 2022): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sainstek/vol1-iss01/6.
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HIV-1 is a member of the Retrovirus and the virus causes AIDS in humans. AIDS affects the dynamics of the immune system leading to fatal opportunistic infections. Reverse transcriptase plays an important role as a functional enzyme in the viral replication process, the enzyme works to carry out the transcription process of ssRNA into cDNA and then initiates the viral integration process of the genome into the nucleus. Currently many use of HIV-1 NNRTIs, the nevirapine type, with a molecular mechanism that can bind to the active site of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme to inhibit its activation. A new problem arises because the reverse transcriptase in HIV-1 undergoes a cross mutation and causes nevirapine resistance. Previous research using an in vitro approach showed the ability to inhibit the process of replication, attachment, and internalization of the virus shown by Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe, then another ability is that these herbal plants can trigger cell stimulation for interferon-β secretion. This study aims to screen the chemical compounds of Zingiber officinale var Roscoe for the discovery of new antiretrovirals through computational study. Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe is predicted to act as an antiretroviral agent through with a mechanism of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity inhibition at Pro95, Tyr181, Val179, Leu100, Tyr188, Val106, Leu234, Phe227, Tyr318, Asn103, Gly99 residues, β-sitosterol is predicted to act as a drug-like molecule, the antiretroviral potential of Zingiber officinale var. Roscoe must undergo further analysis to provide strong scientific evidence.
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O'Brien, Wini M. "Employment Discrimination in Education Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Legal Perspectives". Journal of School Leadership 2, n.º 4 (julho de 1992): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469200200402.
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Leaders in education must be prepared to avoid discrimination against the increasing number of employed individuals with HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this article is to provide a relevant literature review of protections for disabled employees. Statutory and case law is explored, including the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. A case study in higher education is presented as an application of the review.
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Reed, Nicholas, Emmanuel Garcia Morales e Amber Willink. "Trends in Hearing Aid Use Among Older Adults in the United States, 2011-2018". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.346.
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Abstract Hearing loss among older adults is prevalent and associated with dementia and health care utilization. However, cross-sectional data suggest less than 20% of adults with hearing loss use hearing aids. There is a paucity of studies examining trends in hearing aid ownership over time. This study analyzed data from the 2011, 2015, and 2018 cycles of the National Health Aging and Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally-representative longitudinal study of Medicare Beneficiaries. Participants were asked “in the last month, [have you/has [he/she]] use a hearing aid or other hearing device?” (“yes” or “no”). Among a weighted sample of Medicare Beneficiaries 70 years and older (26.47 million in 2011; 29.70 million in 2015; and 33.28 in 2018), the overall proportion who own and use hearing aids rose from 14.96% in 2011 to 16.90% in 2015 to 18.45% in 2018. As age increased so did the proportion of older adults who used hearing aids. A smaller proportion of Black Americans used hearing aids across time and experienced a smaller overall increase in the proportion in hearing aid ownership over the 8-year period compared to White Americans (+0.78% vs. +4.30%). Black women had the lowest rates of hearing aids use across the 8-year period. Notably, older adults at less than 100% of the federal poverty level experienced an overall decrease in proportion of hearing aid ownership and use. This study lays the groundwork to examine the impact of the Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017 across subpopulations when it takes effect in 2021.
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Tongko, Mirawati, Zahrawati Amir, Derthan Derthan e Dwi Wahyu Balebu. "Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ladies Cafe tentang Pencegahan Hiv/Aids Daerah Pandanwangi Toili Barat". Jurnal Kesmas Untika Luwuk : Public Health Journal 11, n.º 1 (31 de julho de 2020): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51888/phj.v11i1.20.
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Salah satu penyakit menular yang mendapat perhatian dunia karena insidensi dan penyebarannya yang semakin meningkat adalah penyakit HIV/AIDS. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini agar memperoleh gambaran tentang bagaimana pengetahuan dan sikap ladies cafe terhadap pecegahan HIV/AIDS dalam rangka identifikasi faktor risiko penularan penyakit menular seksual di kalangan masyarakat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskripif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuisioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Ladies Cafe yang bekerja di Cafe Pandanwangi Kecamatan Toili Barat Kabupaten Banggai. Teknik sampel menggunakan total sampling atau keseluruhan jumlah populasi. Data dianalisis deskriptif univariat. Hasil Penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebanyak 64% Ladies Cafe memliki pengetahuan Cukup tentang Pencegahan HIV/AIDS sedangkan sebanyak 96% Ladies Cafe memiliki sikap Positif terhadap pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Tingkat pengetahuan merupakan domain untuk melakukan tindakan hingga taraf memahami ditunjukkan melalui penginterpretasian materi secara benar hingga selanjutnya pengaplikasian secara real, yang berarti responden mampu membaca kondisi bahaya HIV/AIDS dan cara mencegahnya sehingga ia dapat melakukan pencegahan. One of the infectious diseases that received worldwide attention because of its increasing incidence and spread is HIV / AIDS. The purpose of this study was to obtain a picture of how the knowledge and attitudes of women cafes against HIV / AIDS prevention in the context of identifying risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases in the community. This type of research is descriptive research with questionnaire data collection techniques. The population in this study were all ladies cafes who worked in Pandanwangi café, West Toili Sub-District, Banggai Regency. The sampling technique uses total sampling or the total population. Data were analyzed univariate descriptive. The results of the study found that as many as 64% of the Ladies Cafe have Sufficient knowledge about HIV / AIDS Prevention, while 96% of the Ladies Café have a positive attitude towards HIV / AIDS prevention. The level of knowledge is a domain for someone to carry out an act of someone's level of understanding is shown through the interpretation of material correctly until the subsequent applicated , which means the respondent able to read the dangerous condition of HIV / AIDS and how to prevent it so that he can do prevention.
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Das, Animita. "Recent Advances in Hearing Aid Technology-A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n.º VI (30 de junho de 2021): 3427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35762.
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Hearing aids are electroacoustic gadgets commonly worn in or behind the ear and are intended to enhance the speech Nowadays hearing aids support various application unlike the traditional ones such that it can act like headphones streaming audio signals from internet-enabled devices connected wirelessly via Bluetooth. This paper aims to review the various advancements in the hearing aid technology. System on chip technology of the microcontroller have been used in various studies to develop and design an effective hearing assistant device and help the people with hearing impairment to lead a normal life. Ten articles have been reviewed for the study and it can be concluded that IoT is the future for an efficient, cost effective hearing assistive system [1]
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Pal, Rashmi Saxena, Yogendra Pal, Ankita Wal e Pranay Wal. "Current Review on Plant based Pharmaceutical Excipients". Open Medicine Journal 6, n.º 1 (19 de fevereiro de 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874220301906010001.
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Background: Plants act as a major source of medicines and are used to formulate various pharmaceutical preparations. Apart from this, they act as excellent pharmaceutical aids as well as excipients. Objective: An effort has been made for the complete study of plants under different categories of plant-based thickeners, emulsifiers, suspenders, binders, etc. Materials and Methods: The herbs were differentiated on the basis of their role as flavoring, sweetening, colouring, gelling, thickening, emulsifying, suspending and binding agents. Results: The use of natural excipients to impart the goodness of natural bioactive agents has been hampered by synthetic materials. However, advantages offered by these natural excipients are enormous as being non-toxic, affordable and easily available. The activity of the excipients partly determines the quality of medicines. Conclusion: The herbal excipients act better in many ways when compared to their synthetic substitutes.
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Lee, Gyooho. "A study on the introduction of dynamic injunction as a countermeasure against online copyright infringement". Korea Copyright Commission 35, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2022): 115–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30582/kdps.2022.35.2.115.
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On basis of Article 136 of Korean Copyright Act prescribing criminal sanction against copyright infringement crimes, online information which violates Korean Copyright Act can fall under one of online illegal information under Article 44-7 (1) 9 of the Act On Promotion Of Information And Communications Network Utilization And Information Protection. Article 44-7 (Prohibition on Circulation of Unlawful Information) of the Act On Promotion Of Information And Communications Network Utilization And Information Protection (hereinafter “Information and Communications Network Act”) states that “(1) No one may circulate any of the following information through an information and communications network: [omitted] 9. Other information with content that attempts to commit, aids, or abets a crime.”
Currently, Korea Communications Standards Commission is actively responding to overseas copyright infringement by viewing information resulting from overseas online piracy as illegal information under Article 44-7 (1) 9 of the Information and Communications Network Act, and by requesting a correction measure which blocks access to overseas online sites from domestic key telecommunication operators. Therefore, the Copyright Act applies to copyright infringement on domestic online sites, but the Information and Communications Network Act and the Korea Communications Standards Act apply to copyright infringement on overseas online sites. In this sense, the regulations on online piracy are bifurcated.
However, regular access blocking measures are not suitable for effectively preventing online copyright infringement. Due to the technical structure of the Internet, access blocking measures can be easily bypassed, and in order to avoid access blocking measures, the infringing server can be moved abroad and the pirated contents can be re-hosted and transmitted again.
Over the past few years, a new type of injunction has emerged as an effective response to online copyright infringement. It is called as “dynamic injunction.” The dynamic injunction is a legal mechanism that allows the Internet service provider to block both the main domain name and the IP address of the pirated website, and mirror websites which quickly and easily appear under other domain names and thus remain unaffected by the original injunction order as well.
This dynamic injunction system was implemented in Australia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Austria and the United Kingdom. Hereinafter, this Article looks at overseas legislative examples of dynamic injunction, and, then, propose ways to introduce this system to Korea.
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Day, Patricia, e Rudolf Klein. "Interpreting the unexpected: the case of AIDS policy making in Britain". Journal of Public Policy 9, n.º 3 (julho de 1989): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00008497.
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ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the reactions of a government faced with an unpredictable and unexpected crisis with possible catastrophic long-term effects: the AIDS epidemic in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. First, the AIDS epidemic is defined as a case study of government forced to cope with uncertainty, moral ambiguity and the knowledge that there are no solutions, only ways of limiting the damage. Second, it examines the evolution of policy of British ministers, who initially preferred to ignore evidence of AIDS but were forced to act by signals threatening a popular backlash. They did so by creating a programme of action based on the advice and values of the medical profession and public health experts. The conclusion argues that this kind of policy response may be generalisable. When societies are faced with problems that do not appear to be soluble but which may imperil social cohesion they seek to create an elite consensus to treat them as technical matters, so insulating the policy process from possible disruptive populist pressures.
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Fiorelli, Valeria, Giovanni Barillari, Elena Toschi, Cecilia Sgadari, Paolo Monini, Michael Stürzl e Barbara Ensoli. "IFN-γ Induces Endothelial Cells to Proliferate and to Invade the Extracellular Matrix in Response to the HIV-1 Tat Protein: Implications for AIDS-Kaposi’s Sarcoma Pathogenesis". Journal of Immunology 162, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 1999): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1165.
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Abstract Previous studies indicated that the Tat protein of HIV functions as a progression factor in Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), an angioproliferative disease common and aggressive in HIV-1-infected individuals (AIDS-KS). In particular, Tat that is released by infected cells stimulates the growth and invasion of spindle cells of endothelial origin derived from KS lesions (KS cells). Other work suggested that inflammatory cytokines may act as initiating factors in KS since they induce normal endothelial cells to acquire the same phenotype and functional features of KS cells, including the responsiveness to Tat. In this study, we show that among the inflammatory cytokines increased in AIDS-KS lesions, IFN-γ alone is sufficient to induce endothelial cells to proliferate and to invade the extracellular matrix in response to Tat. This is because IFN-γ up-regulates the expression and activity of the receptors for Tat identified as the integrins α5β1 and αvβ3. These results suggest that, by triggering Tat effects, IFN-γ plays a major role in AIDS-KS pathogenesis.
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McManus, Beth M., Laura A. Prosser e Mary E. Gannotti. "Which Children Are Not Getting Their Needs for Therapy or Mobility Aids Met? Data From the 2009–2010 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs". Physical Therapy 96, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150055.
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Background Pediatric rehabilitation therapy services and mobility aids have an important role in the health of children with special health care needs, and the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may increase coverage for these needs. Identifying the prevalence of and factors associated with therapy and mobility aid needs and unmet needs prior to the full implementation of the ACA will be useful for future evaluation of its impact. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of and factors associated with caregiver perceived needs and unmet needs for therapy or mobility aids among children with special health care needs living in the United States. Design A cross-sectional, descriptive, multivariate analysis was conducted. Methods The 2009–2010 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs was used to identify a nationally representative sample of children with special health care needs with needs for therapy (weighted n=2,603,605) or mobility aids (weighted n=437,971). Odds of having unmet needs associated with child and family characteristics were estimated. Results Nearly 1 in 5 children with therapy needs had unmet needs, and nearly 1 in 10 children with mobility aid needs had unmet needs. Unmet needs were most strongly associated with how frequently the condition affected function and being uninsured in the previous year. Limitations Data were caregiver reported and not verified by clinical assessment. Survey data grouped physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy; analysis was not discipline specific. Conclusions This evidence serves as a baseline about the future impact of the ACA. Pediatric rehabilitation professionals should be aware that children with special health care needs whose condition more frequently affects function and who have insurance discontinuity may need more support to meet therapy or mobility aid needs.
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Ferlie, Ewan, e Andrew Pettigrew. "Coping With Change in the NHS: A Frontline District's Response to AIDS". Journal of Social Policy 19, n.º 2 (abril de 1990): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400001999.
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ABSTRACTThe core of this paper is a case study of how a District Health Authority (Paddington and North Kensington, now Parkside DHA following a recent merger with Brent DHA) in Inner London responded to a major new health care issue of the 1980s—Aids, but the paper also seeks to locate this case study material within wider debates. What theories are there of organisational change which could be used to illuminate policy and service change in the health care sector? How, indeed, do we best study change in health care organisations? The paper is thus in three parts. In the first section we identify some streams of literature which act as a frame of reference defining our initial research question and discuss implications for methodology. The second section presents the case itself, while the last section discusses some emerging findings.
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Mulyadi, Mulyadi. "Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Guru dalam Membuat Alat Peraga Pembelajaran Inovatif Melalui In House Training di SD Negeri 122/X Sungai Beras Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023". Journal on Education 5, n.º 1 (17 de novembro de 2022): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i1.593.
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The background of this research is that the teacher's creativity has not yet been achieved in making innovative teaching aids because teachers do not understand the concepts, types, and criteria for innovative teaching aids. In addition, teachers also do not understand the content framework of innovative teaching aids. The purpose of this study was to obtain information discussing efforts to improve teachers' abilities in making innovative learning aids through in-house training at SD NEGERI 122/X Sungai Beras in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. This research is a school action research which consists of two cycles with each cycle following four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This research was conducted at SDN 122/X Sungai Beras in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 school year with 11 research subjects who were class teachers and subject teachers. Data collection techniques using observation, field notes and documentation. Data were analyzed using percentages and data reduction. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that through the implementation of in-house training (IHT) it can improve the ability of teachers to make innovative learning aids at SDN 122/X Sungai Beras in the odd semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. This can be seen from the increase in the teacher's ability from cycle to cycle with the act of giving rewards
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Younger, Dean-Henry, Nick Sellars e Alana James. "Mind and muscle: Deconstructing the uniform of masculinity in the time of AIDS". Critical Studies in Men's Fashion 10, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2023): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csmf_00067_1.
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Perceptions of the boundaries of masculinity have often been questioned in menswear, with the masculine ideal continually reimagined to create a balance between itself and its counterpart, femininity. During the 1980s AIDS crisis, this adopted uniform of masculinity was subverted within queer society leading to a new male identity that contested tacit knowledge of menswear design. The focus of this article is to showcase this shift in male image and to explore how gay semiotics was associated with the development of the modern gay male stance through clothing and social empowerment, opposing the negativity that surrounded the AIDS virus. This research is personally motivated by the primary author, where he seeks to delve further into the under-researched area of queer masculinity utilizing a practical, experimental methodology. Representation of what is seen as queer masculinity is often shown as biased within society, characterizing the gay man. This project presents, through the practices of menswear design, how this characterization has developed within the context of the male body. It aims to contest the boundaries of traditional men’s tailoring, its formality and the masculine ideal that it represents, by juxtaposing it with the homoerotic art of the time and the craft of AIDS sufferers of the 1980s period. Using object-study and practical methods of deconstruction and repair of case study (bespoke and non-bespoke) men’s tailored jackets, the research manifests in physical experimentation and aesthetic visualization, which is recorded in a creative process journal. The acts of physical deconstruction and the practice of repair are then analysed through the process of design development (drawing, sourcing and sampling). The synthesized findings draw parallels with deconstructed tailoring found in vintage photographs of men at work, which are further triangulated with homoerotic photographic art of the 1980s and the act of repair found in the stitch therapy of AIDS sufferers. These are embedded in the construction of the final artefact through the practice of garment design (drawing, pattern-cutting, toiling and making) and craftsmanship (stitching by hand). The processes employed and final artefact produced document and present how ideals of masculinity in the time of AIDS can be both physically and metaphorically deconstructed, then reconstructed as a garment-based outcome (men’s tailored jacket) in practice-led research. The final artefact showcases delicacy in design through the act of stitching by hand and the repair of the deconstructed robust exteriors found in tailoring and associated with the masculine ideal.
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Gautam, Anuradha, e Chandra Mauli Mishra. "A cross sectional study on quality of life of PLHIV and their psychosocial correlates at tertiary care hospital, Lucknow". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, n.º 1 (29 de dezembro de 2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20223543.
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Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are prone to psychological illnesses. HIV/AIDS, not only affects physical health but also emotional and mental health, which affects quality of life (QoL). The aim of present study was to assess the psychosocial variables affecting QoL of PLHIV.Methods: A cross sectional study was done at ART plus centre of a tertiary care hospital of Lucknow, among PLHIV. The questionnaire contained details of the socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, QoL and psychosocial factors including stress, depression, anxiety, stigma, coping and self-transcendence. To see any significant correlation Pearson’s correlation was used to identify relationship between different domains of QoL and psychosocial factors associated with PLHIV. Logistic regression was also used to identify predictors of QoL by using SPSS version 23.0.Results: QoL was rated as poor by 12.2% of the study subjects and 14.6% were dissatisfied with their overall health status. QoL score was highest in “physical health” and “level of independence” domain and the minimum mean score was in “psychological” domain. All the domains of QoL were found to be positively correlated with ‘self-transcendence’ and negatively correlated with ‘stress, depression, anxiety and internalized stigma’.Conclusions: Self-transcendence act as a healing role to improve QoL while depression, stress and anxiety negatively associated with QoL.
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de la Dehesa, Rafael. "Moving Politics: Emotion and ACT UP's Fight Against AIDS. By Deborah B. Gould. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009. 536p. $65.00 cloth, $23.00 paper." Perspectives on Politics 9, n.º 2 (junho de 2011): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592711000508.
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Deborah Gould's volume is a beautifully written account of direct-action AIDS activism in the United States from its emergence in the mid-1980s through its decline in the early 1990s. The story of ACT UP, the central focus of the work, illuminates the complex history of both the AIDS epidemic and the political dynamics of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities at a key moment of transition. Founded during the conservative backlash of the Reagan era and active through the conservative turn in LGBT politics of the early Clinton years (with the prioritization of questions like military service), the group's confrontational tactics, radical discourse, and political successes prove something of an anomaly. Explaining this anomaly is Gould's central concern, and in doing so, she offers a compelling argument for the importance of addressing affect and emotion in the study of social movements, providing a carefully nuanced conceptual framework to do so.
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Griffiths, P. D. "A Proposal that Herpesviruses are Co-Factors of HIV Disease". Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 6, n.º 6_suppl (dezembro de 1995): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09563202950060s605.
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There is now extensive evidence that herpesviruses can interact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. To determine if such interactions could be operative in vivo, evidence from AIDS autopsy series are reviewed. Using basic histopathological techniques, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and HIV coinfection of various individual ceils has been demonstrated. Using cell culture, CMV has been detected in 66% and herpes simplex virus in 11% of patients. Using immunocytochemistry, human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) has been found in virtually all tissue sections. The hypothesis that these viruses contribute to the death of individuals with AIDS is supported by the results of two double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials of high-dose aciclovir and an observational study of the same drug. All three studies have shown improved survival. Thus, the case is made that herpesviruses act as co-factors of HIV disease, and that inhibition of such infections represents a potential way of reducing mortality in those with AIDS. This paper was presented as the case for in a debate on ‘Herpesviruses as co-factors of HIV disease’. The case against was made by Don Jeffries (see page 22)
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Rinaldi, Jen, e Olga Marques. "Criminalization and capture strategies in the HIV/AIDS assemblage". International Journal of Prisoner Health 16, n.º 4 (17 de agosto de 2020): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-04-2019-0024.
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Purpose This study aims to ask how HIV/AIDS is arranged as a public threat in and through Canadian law, particularly in relation to transmission, and how strategies of capture extend the affective force of criminalization leading to poor health outcomes for persons living with HIV/AIDS. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper with a focus on applying affect theorist Jasbir Puar’s work on assemblage and debility. The authors use Puar’s work to frame the conditions that persons with HIV/AIDS experience in the Canadian criminal justice context as debilitating. Findings The authors found that while HIV transmission is not itself a criminal act in the Canadian criminal justice context, activities where transmission is prevalent or possible have been criminalized, particularly in relation to nondisclosure of health status, sex work and substance use. Further, the authors found that when the activities associated with HIV transmission are criminalized, strategies of capture extend the affective force of criminalization first in the inadequate provision of health-care and pharma-care services, second in state resistance to implement harm reduction measure and third in punitive population management strategies. Originality/value Persons living with HIV/AIDS have historically experienced stigmatization, especially intersecting with neoliberal, white supremacist and heteropatriarchal axes of power. This paper uses assemblage theory to shore up how these relations operate in ways that close off possibilities, by constituting the HIV/AIDS assemblage as a criminal – rather than a health phenomenon. This paper, thus, holds Canada to account for debilitating a historically disadvantaged and multiplying marginalized population.
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AR, Indrati, Van Crevel R, Sumantri R e Wisaksana R. "KADAR PENERIMA TRANSFERIN TERLARUT (sTFR) DI PENDERITA HIV/AIDS DENGAN ANEMIA". INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 15, n.º 3 (16 de março de 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v15i3.963.
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Anemia is the most common hematologic abnormality associated with HIV which affecting 60 to 80 percent of patients in the latestage of the disease. The presence of anemia is associated with increased of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV infection. Irondeficiency, chronic inflammation and antiretroviral treatment (ACT) may cause HIV associated anemia. The differentiation of irondeficiency anemia from chronic disease anemia is a diagnostic challenge. Maybe it is helpful in soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), thecleaving of the extra cellular domain related to transferrin receptor. Because the elevated sTfR concentration is a marker of tissue irondeficiency and increased marrow erythropoietin activity. The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic value of soluble transferrinreceptor level in anemia patients with HIV/AIDS. The Study was the part of the IMPACT (Integrated Management for Prevention, Controland Treatment of HIV/AIDS) baseline and cohort study. The study started since September 2007 in RSUP Hasan Sadikin Bandung.There were 179 HIV/AIDS patients with anemia included in this study. Complete blood count, reticulocytes, feritin, soluble transferringreceptor and hsCRP were tested in these patients. It was found that the mean of sTfR in HIV patients with anemia were 1238.42U/mL(304.5-30435). sTfR had a low correlation with MCV (r -0.174), feritin (r -0.65) and absolute reticulocyte counting (r 0.172). Feritinhad moderate and significant correlation with hsCRP (r:0.429; p 0.00). There was no significant difference of sTfR level between thepatients without ART, with Zidovudin and d4T (p 0.81). There was no significance difference of sTfR concentration between the low andnormal MCV level (p 0.341). sTfR can not differentiate the source of anemia in patients with HIV/AIDS. It can be concluded so far thatchronic disease and inflammation as reflected by the elevated hsCRP level and use of zidovudine are the main cause of anemia.
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Kaperak, Christopher, Sarah Elwood, Tamara Saint-Surin, Christopher Winstead-Derlega, Robert O. Brennan, Rebecca Dillingham e Kathleen A. McManus. "A Cross-Sectional Study on the Affordable Care Act from the Perspective of People Living with HIV: The Interplay between Knowledge, Stigma, Trust, and Attitudes". AIDS Research and Treatment 2020 (8 de dezembro de 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6081721.
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Background. Many AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs) purchased Affordable Care Act (ACA) Qualified Health Plans (QHPs) for low-income people living with HIV (PLWH). To date, little has been published about PLWH’s perspective on the ACA. We explored ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, trust in the healthcare system, and ACA attitudes among PLWH with ADAP-funded QHPs in Virginia. Methods. Participants were surveyed about demographic characteristics, ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, trust in various healthcare and government entities, and attitudes toward the ACA. Descriptive statistics were used. We assessed for associations (1) between baseline characteristics and correct ACA knowledge, HIV-related stigma, trust, and ACA attitudes and (2) between correct ACA knowledge and the following data: sources of ACA knowledge, HIV stigma, and trust. Results. Participants (n = 53) were a vulnerable population based on the assessment of social determinants of health, and 30% had correct ACA knowledge. Almost three-fourths of participants used HIV clinic case managers for ACA information. Participants who used websites for ACA information had correct ACA knowledge more often compared to those that did not (71% vs. 15%; p = 0.001). Those with correct ACA knowledge had lower stigma scores compared to those without correct ACA knowledge (93.8; SD: 15.4 vs. 108; SD: 20.3; p = 0.01). Participants trusted HIV clinicians more than general clinicians and insurance companies. No association was found between having correct ACA knowledge and endorsing having enough information about the ACA to understand how it will impact their HIV care. Conclusions. Websites imparted accurate ACA information. HIV clinic case managers were the most used source, and HIV clinicians were a trusted source of information. HIV clinicians and case managers should consider disseminating information about the ACA and its impact on HIV care delivery via internet videos. Lack of internet and stigma are a threat to PLWH gaining actionable healthcare information.
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Poindexter, C. C. "Promises in the Plague: Passage of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act as a Case Study for Legislative Action". Health & Social Work 24, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 1999): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/24.1.35.
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Sterck, Olivier. "Why are Testing Rates so Low in Sub-Saharan Africa? Misconceptions and Strategic Behaviors". Forum for Health Economics and Policy 16, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2013): 219–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2012-0033.
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Abstract Voluntary testing and counseling (VTC) is a popular method for fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The purpose of VTC is to reduce the incidence of the virus in a two-fold manner. First, testing provides access to health care and antiretroviral therapies that diminish the transmission rate of the virus. Second, counseling encourages safer behavior for not only individuals who test HIV-negative and wish to avoid HIV/AIDS infection but also altruistic individuals who test HIV-positive and wish to protect their partners from becoming infected by HIV. Surprisingly, DHS surveys that were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa provide empirical evidence that testing services are underutilized. Moreover, it is rare for both partners in a couple to be tested for HIV. This paper proposes a theoretical model that indicates how misperceptions about the HIV/AIDS virus may explain these puzzles. More specifically, this study demonstrates that individuals who are at risk of HIV infection may act strategically to avoid the cost of testing if they overestimate the risk of HIV transmission or believe that health care is not required if HIV is asymptomatic. The correction of false beliefs and the promotion of self-testing are expected to increase HIV testing rates.
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Tsuda, Luciana Castelar, Mariana Machado da Silva, Alcyone Artioli Machado e Ana Paula Morais Fernandes. "Body changes: antiretroviral therapy and lipodystrophy syndrome in people living with HIV/aids". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, n.º 5 (outubro de 2012): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000500005.
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OBJECTIVE: to identify the different types of morphological alterations from lipodystrophy syndrome (LS) in outpatients and relate them to the therapeutic regimen used. METHOD: a cross-sectional study which recruited 60 patients with HIV and LS and 79 without LS, who consented to interview and data collection from their medical notes. RESULTS: the region most affected by lipoatrophy was the face; by lipohypertrophy, the abdomen, and by the mixed form, the alterations to the abdomen, face, and upper and lower limbs. CONCLUSION: among the therapeutic regimens, that comprised of zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz seemed to protect against LS. Nursing can act in the early identification of the changes, as well as providing guidance and support for patients affected by the changes in their body image.
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Elianda, Yunita, e Dian Eka Rahmawati. "Collaborative Governance in HIV And AIDS Prevention in Sleman District 2018". Journal of Government and Civil Society 4, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v4i1.2334.
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AIDS caused by HIV is a health issue of global concern. In Indonesia, in the first quarter of 2017, the number of HIV cases was 10,376 and AIDS cases were 673. DIY is a tourism city and student city that has a high level of human movement so it is highly likely that behaviors that are at risk of contracting or transmitting HIV and AIDS. DIY has an attraction that makes many people with different socio-economic and demographic backgrounds come to this region. Many tourists from domestic and abroad are interested in the beauty of tourism in DIY. Therefore, collaborative governance among stakeholders is needed in the response to HIV and AIDS. There are eight indicators to see the success of collaborative governance according to DeSeve: Networked Structure, Commitment to a Common Purpose, Trust Among the Participants, Governance, Access to Authority, Distributive Accountability / Responsibility, Information Sharing, Access to Resources. The findings of this study are that cross-sectoral collaboration carried out does not yet have regulations as a guideline in carrying out such collaboration. So that cooperation is only at the stage of mutual involvement in the response to HIV and AIDS, not at the stage of official cooperation that has legality. Because the existence of basic rules is important in collaborative governance as the initial foundation and legitimacy for stakeholders who act. AIDS yang disebabkan oleh HIV adalah masalah kesehatan yang menjadi perhatian global. Di Indonesia, pada kuartal pertama 2017, jumlah kasus HIV mencapai 10.376 dan kasus AIDS sebanyak 673. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) adalah kota pariwisata dan kota pelajar yang memiliki tingkat pergerakan manusia yang tinggi sehingga sangat mungkin perilaku yang berisiko tertular atau menularkan HIV dan AIDS. DIY memiliki daya tarik yang membuat banyak orang dengan latar belakang sosial ekonomi dan demografi yang berbeda datang ke wilayah ini. Banyak wisatawan dari dalam dan luar negeri tertarik pada keindahan pariwisata di DIY. Oleh karena itu, tata kelola kolaboratif di antara para pemangku kepentingan diperlukan dalam menanggapi HIV dan AIDS. Ada delapan indikator untuk melihat keberhasilan tata kelola kolaboratif menurut DeSeve: Struktur Jaringan, Komitmen untuk Tujuan Bersama, Kepercayaan di antara Para Peserta, Tata Kelola, Akses ke Otoritas, Akuntabilitas / Tanggung Jawab Distributif, Berbagi Informasi, dan Akses ke Sumber Daya. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kolaborasi lintas sektoral yang dilakukan belum memiliki peraturan sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan kolaborasi tersebut sehingga kerja sama hanya pada tahap keterlibatan timbal balik dalam penanggulangan HIV dan AIDS, bukan pada tahap kerja sama resmi yang memiliki legalitas. Bagaimanapun juga, keberadaan aturan dasar menjadi penting dalam tata kelola kolaboratif sebagai landasan awal dan legitimasi bagi para pemangku kepentingan yang bertindak.
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Chowdhury, Saifur Rahman, Tachlima Chowdhury Sunna, Dipak Chandra Das, Mahfuzur Rahman Chowdhury, H. M. Miraz Mahmud e Ahmed Hossain. "Compliance with smoke-free legislation in public places: An observational study in a northeast city of Bangladesh". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 4 (26 de abril de 2023): e0283650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283650.
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Background Bangladesh is one of the highest tobacco-consuming countries in the world, with a large number of adult users of a variety of smoked and/or smokeless tobacco products. Bangladesh tobacco control act prohibits smoking in public places and requires the owners of public places to display ‘no smoking’ signages. Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the level of compliance with the tobacco control act (smoke-free laws) in public places in a northeast city of Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between June 1 and August 25, 2020, across 673 public places in Sylhet city, Bangladesh. The data was collected using a structured observational checklist that included variables such as the presence of active smoking, the presence of designated smoking areas, the display of ’no smoking’ signages, evidence of recent smoking such as ashes, butts/bidi ends, and the presence of smoking aids. Results Among 673 public places, a total of 635 indoor locations and 313 outdoor locations were observed. Only 70 (11%) indoor locations were found to be in good compliance, and 388 (61.1%) indoor locations were found to be in moderate compliance with smoke-free laws. On the other hand, only 5 (1.6%) outdoor locations were in good compliance, and 63 (20.1%) outdoor locations were in moderate compliance with smoke-free laws. The overall compliance with smoke-free laws at indoor locations was 52.7%, and at outdoor locations was 26.5%. The highest compliance was observed at healthcare facilities (58.6%) and the least at transit points (35.7%) for indoor locations. In outdoor locations, the highest compliance was observed at offices and workplaces (37.1%) and the least at transit points (2.2%). Higher active smoking was observed in public places where there was an absence of ‘no smoking’ signage and the presence of points of sale (POSs) (p-value <0.05). Further, higher active smoking was observed in places where any smoking aids, cigarette butts, bidi ends, or ashes were present (p-value <0.05). Conclusion This study found moderate compliance at indoor locations and very low compliance at outdoor locations. The government should focus more on implementing smoke-free laws in all kinds of public places, particularly at most frequently visited places and transit sites. ‘No smoking’ signages should be displayed per legislation across all public places. Policymakers should consider the prohibition of POS in/around a public place as it has a positive effect on smoking.
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Rondonuwu, Rolly, Maykel A. Kiling e Christine Siwi. "IMPROVING KNOWLEDGE OF BIDAI CLOTHES IN STUDENTS THROUGH EMERGENCY TRAINING". Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo) 6, n.º 1 (31 de julho de 2019): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jpd.v6i1.787.
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Background: According to WHO it is estimated that 70% of traffic accidents are experienced by students. Based on data from the Asian Development Bank, traffic accidents in Indonesia claimed 37,000 lives in 2005 and 48,000 in 2010. The types of injuries or injuries sustained as a result of traffic accidents are 49% or bruising injuries, 65.9% abrasions, open injuries 26.7, burns 1.9%, sprained 21%, broken bones 8.5 and broken 1.0% limb (WHO, 2007), Injury due to traffic accidents will increase in 2020 and will be the third leading cause of death in the world after coronary heart disease and depression (Hutapea, 2012). Objective: This study aims to determine the Effect of Bandage, Nursing and Evacuation Training on Student Knowledge in Emergency Management in Adventahan High School. Method: This type of research is a pre-experimental design study using one group pre-post design test design to compare knowledge before and after training in splint and evacuation. The study population was 45 students. The sampling technique used is the sample used is simple random sampling, which is as many as 30 students. Results: Analysis by Wilcoxon test. The results of the test have a significant effect on the training of bandaging, aids and evacuation (α ≤ 0.05 ie p-value = 0.000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant influence on the training of wrapping, aids and evacuation of students' knowledge in emergency management in Advent Ratahan High School. Suggestions to broaden students' knowledge about first aid dressing and evacuation, it is better for Adventahan High School to be an extracurricular school act.
Keywords: Bandage training; aids and evacuation disaster
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Lusiani, Eli. "KEBUTUHAN IBU YANG MENGALAMI HIV/AIDS DALAM MERAWAT ANAK DENGAN HIV DI RUMAH CEMARA KOTA BANDUNG : STUDI KUALITATIF". Jurnal Asuhan Ibu dan Anak 3, n.º 1 (2 de novembro de 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33867/jaia.v3i1.59.
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The case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased every year. HIV disease causes death in mothers and children. The needs of mothers who have HIV in producing children are diverse, including biological needs, psychological needs for laboratory examination, or special education for HIV-infected children. This study aims to explore in depth the needs of HIV-infected mothers in caring for HIV-infected children in pine house Bandung.
This research is a qualitative research with descriptive explorative design. Participants in this study were mothers who had HIV who had an HIV child with a total of 8 people. Data collection by in-depth interview of Discusion Group Focus (FDG). Data analysis using thematic analysis according to Collaizz's method.
The results of the study are eight themes: 1) knowledge of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 2) challenges of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 3) biological needs of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 4) psychological needs of mothers who experience HIV in caring for children of HIV, 5) Educational needs for children with HIV, 6) Need for Labolatory check up, 7) Support / Social Support, 8) Positive expectation of HIV-infected mother in caring for HIV-infected children.
Based on the results of the study it is recommended that nurses can act as educators and informants for families of patient with HIV / AIDS, become advocates, and also become a motivator. For further investigators can examine the basic human needs of adolescents with HIV / AIDS.
The case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased every year. HIV disease causes death in mothers and children. The needs of mothers who have HIV in producing children are diverse, including biological needs, psychological needs for laboratory examination, or special education for HIV-infected children. This study aims to explore in depth the needs of HIV-infected mothers in caring for HIV-infected children in pine house Bandung.
This research is a qualitative research with descriptive explorative design. Participants in this study were mothers who had HIV who had an HIV child with a total of 8 people. Data collection by in-depth interview of Discusion Group Focus (FDG). Data analysis using thematic analysis according to Collaizz's method.
The results of the study are eight themes: 1) knowledge of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 2) challenges of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 3) biological needs of mothers who have HIV in caring for children of HIV, 4) psychological needs of mothers who experience HIV in caring for children of HIV, 5) Educational needs for children with HIV, 6) Need for Labolatory check up, 7) Support / Social Support, 8) Positive expectation of HIV-infected mother in caring for HIV-infected children.
Based on the results of the study it is recommended that nurses can act as educators and informants for families of patient with HIV / AIDS, become advocates, and also become a motivator. For further investigators can examine the basic human needs of adolescents with HIV / AIDS.
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Rahmadiah, Kamila, e Fajar Ariyanti. "GAMBARAN KEINGINAN KELOMPOK LELAKI SEKS LELAKI DALAM MEMANFAATKAN KLINIK VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND TESTING DI PUSKESMAS CIPUTAT". Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi 11, n.º 1 (29 de julho de 2020): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/kespro.v11i1.3373.
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Abstract
Background: Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) is a high-risk group of people getting infected with HIV/AIDS due to their multiple sexual partner behaviour and their anal intercourse practices. The MSM group is the highest risk factor for HIV new cases in Indonesia. The VCT (Voluntary Counselling and Testing) clinic is the main entrance to HIV/AIDS prevention, maintenance, support, and treatment services. However, the MSM group that utilizes VCT clinic in Ciputat subdistrict decreased from the previous year.
Objective: The purpose of this research was to thorouglhly identify about the overview of the intention of men who have sex with men groups in utilizing voluntary counselling and testing clinic in Ciputat public health center.
Method: This research was a descriptive qualitative research using the case study method, which was conducted in February-November 2019 in the working area of the Ciputat public health center. The main informants were homosexual or bisexual groups, who were selected by purposive sampling. Data validation used source triangulation, and data were analyzed by content analysis.
Result: The results showed that most of the informant had no intention to utilize the VCT clinic in Ciputat public health center, low knowledge of HIV/AIDS and VCT clinic, low susceptibility of perception and self-efficacy. All informants had barriers, high perception of severity, perception of good benefit, and quite large cues to act.
Conclusion: The majority of informants had no intention to utilize the VCT clinic due to low knowledge of HIV/AIDS and VCT clinic. Public health center and NGOs are recommended to collaborate in increasing knowledge of community on HIV/AIDS and VCT clinic.
Keywords: men who have sex with men, VCT clinic, HIV/AIDS
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Lelaki Seks Lelaki (LSL) merupakan kelompok berisiko tinggi tertular HIV/AIDS dikarenakan kecenderungannya berganti pasangan dan melakukan seks anal. Kelompok LSL merupakan faktor risiko tertinggi kasus baru HIV di Indonesia. Klinik VCT (Voluntary Counselling and Testing) merupakan pintu masuk utama pada layanan pencegahan, perawatan, dukungan, dan pengobatan HIV/AIDS. Namun LSL yang memanfaatkan klinik VCT di Kecamatan Ciputat mengalami penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya.
Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara mendalam mengenai gambaran keinginan kelompok LSL dalam memanfaatkan klinik VCT di Puskesmas Ciputat.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualititatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus, yang dilaksanakan pada Februari-November 2019 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ciputat. Informan utama adalah kelompok homoseksual maupun biseksual yang dipilih dengan cara purposive sampling. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan analisa data dilakukan dengan content analysis.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar informan belum memiliki keinginan untuk memanfaatkan klinik VCT di Puskesmas Ciputat, berpengetahuan kurang mengenai HIV/AIDS maupun klinik VCT, serta memiliki persepsi kerentanan dan efikasi diri yang rendah. Semua informan memiliki hambatan, persepsi keparahan yang tinggi, persepsi manfaat yang baik, serta isyarat untuk bertindak cukup besar.
Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar LSL belum memiliki keinginan untuk memanfaatkan klinik VCT. Hal ini karena informan memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang terkait HIV/AIDS maupun klinik VCT. Puskesmas dan LSM diharapkan dapat bekerja sama untuk dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai HIV/AIDS dan klinik VCT.
Kata kunci: lelaki seks lelaki, klinik VCT, HIV/AIDS
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Jawando, Jubril O., e Ezekiel Oluwagbemiga Adeyemi. "Sexual Exchange and Cross-Border Trade: Implications for HIV/AIDS in Nigeria". SAGE Open 10, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 215824402091794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020917949.
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In West African countries, borders create opportunities for informal networks of trade and exchange. Some of the women involved in activities across the borders operate without official permit. Thus, they engage in transactional sex with those who may facilitate their movement across borders. The study examines sexual relations in cross-border trade and their implications for HIV spread in Nigeria. The study was carried out at Seme, a border town between Lagos, Nigeria, and Republic of Benin. The qualitative method was used to collect data for the study. Forty women who were cross-border traders were selected for focus group discussions; they were stratified into four sessions based on the type of goods, age, and years of experience. In-depth interviews (IDIs) were used to elicit information from three drivers and 16 security agents. The study revealed that some of these women used sex as a means of negotiation with border officials to avoid their goods being confiscated, whereas others had extramarital affairs with some of the officials for financial gains and protection. None of the women interviewed used condom during her last sexual intercourse preceding the survey. More than two-thirds of the respondents had heard about HIV/AIDS, but believed that they were not at risk of infection due to their ignorance. The study concluded that the observed sexual relationships may act as conduit for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) into both Nigeria and Benin, as these create sexual networks that may stretch over a wide geographical area. There is a need for mobile education programs targeted at this high-risk group.
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Dutt, Rekha, Susmita Chaudhuri e Shweta Goswami. "Profile of HIV positive clients: an ICTC record based retrospective study". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, n.º 8 (22 de julho de 2017): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173364.
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Background: Deaths in productive age group due to HIV/AIDS have damaging impact on families and communities, skills are lost, workforce shrinks & children's are orphaned. Our study reports the socio-demographic characteristics of HIV/ AIDS clients from one of the Integrated Counselling & Testing Centre (ICTC) situated at Amtala, West Bengal. This will give us an insight on the distribution of various epidemiological characteristics of the HIV positive clients in this region thus help in formulating strategies for effective implementation of its prevention. The objective was to study socio-demographic profile and risk behavior pattern of HIV positive clients attending ICTC.Methods: It was an observational study cross sectional in design. Records of last eight years of HIV positive clients were accessed from ICTC centre at Amtala hospital, rural training centre, Department of community medicine, ESI PGIMSR medical college, Joka, Kolkata. Data was entered in SPSS for Windows version 20 software. Data was presented in percentages, mean with standard deviation etc.Results: Retrospective record of 62 HIV positive clients was studied, of them 37 were males (5 pediatric cases) and 25 females (7 ANC).Excluding pediatric clients, mean age of clients was 32 years. It was observed that majority of clients were illiterate and were on daily wages. Except one male client who was homosexual rest were heterosexual. Majority of clients 71.9% males and 92% females were married, of them 45.3% males and 34.7% females were sero concordant with their spouse. Seventeen subjects were co infected with TB.Conclusions: HIV sero prevalence rate has inverse relation with literacy level. Majority of male clients were daily wagers who act as link between high risk populations to general population i.e. their spouse, which in turn can pass on the infection to her baby. Lack of knowledge on mode of spread and preventive measures against HIV infection devastate the families making many children orphaned. There is need to carry out intense IEC activities for behavior change at grass root level.
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Jha, N., B. Khanal, P. Prahalad Karki, S. Rijal, BK Deo, DK Khadka e P. Malla. "TB/HIV Co-Infection Status among the Newly Diagnosed TB Patients: A Study from Eastern Nepal". SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS 5, n.º 2 (7 de maio de 2010): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v5i2.3072.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading public health problem worldwide particularly in the developing countries. The HIV epidemic has increased the global tuberculosis burden. Estimating the proportion of HIV infection among TB cases can act as early warning system for the spread of TB due to HIV in the country. The objective of the study was to know status of TB/HIV co-infection cases among the TB patients at DOTS clinic in BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal. Three Hundred newly diagnosed TB cases attended to BPKIHS DOTS clinic were tested for HIV. Among 300 newly TB patients, 14 (4.7%) patients were HIV positive. All were males. The study has shown very high (4.7%) TB/HIV co-infection. This is an alarming situation. Similar operational research can be conducted in different parts of Nepal to know the exact scenario of TB/HIV co-infection, which is necessary for formulating national policy & guidelines for TB/HIV control in the country. Keywords: TB & HIV Co-infection; TB; HIV; Nepal DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i2.3072 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(2) 22-25
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Lopes, Karine Zamara, Creso Machado Lopes e Alessandra David Moreira da Costa. "Opinions of members of travel agencies about the prevention actions to STD/AIDS to the tourists". Online Brazilian Journal of Nursing 1, n.º 2 (2 de agosto de 2002): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17665/1676-4285.20024801.
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The study 30 close to subject of travel agencies of Ribeirão Preto – SP, with the objective of verifying the opinion of the prevention actions to DSTs / HIV e SIDA to the tourists, where 82.0% were in the 20-39 year-old age group, 41.1% had of 1-5 years of service and 87.4% possessed of the third incomplete degree to the complete. He stands up out the 88.6% that mentioned DSTs as being acquired for sexual act, being the sida, gonorrhea and syphilis the more mentioned. As prevention measure was mentioned the preservative use by 65.8%, while 94.8% didin´t receive any type of information on DSTs in areas of tourism and nor they develop this prevention type with the tourists.
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Southwell, Kristina L., e Jacquelyn Slater. "An Evaluation of Finding Aid Accessibility for Screen Readers". Information Technology and Libraries 32, n.º 3 (15 de setembro de 2013): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i3.3423.
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<p>Since the passage of the American Disabilities Act in 1990 and the coincident growth of the Internet, academic libraries have worked to provide electronic resources and services that are accessible to all patrons. Special collections are increasingly being added to these Web-based library resources, and they must meet the same accessibility standards. The recent popularity surge of Web 2.0 technology, social media sites, and mobile devices has brought greater awareness about the challenges faced by those who use assistive technology for visual disabilities. This study examines the screen reader accessibility of online special collections finding aids at 68 public U.S. colleges and universities in the Association of Research Libraries.</p>
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Weiss, Jessica M., Yasmeen Mahayni e Amir S. Steinberg. "Evaluation of online patient education materials for acute myeloid leukemia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, n.º 16_suppl (1 de junho de 2024): e23135-e23135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23135.
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e23135 Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common adult leukemia, accounting for approximately 80% of all cases. In the modern healthcare landscape, a substantial number of patients turn to online platforms such as Google for information pertaining to their diagnoses and treatment options. This study sought to assess 14 online AML websites for their understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Methods: Fourteen patient-facing U.S. online AML websites were searched in Google, selected and analyzed using the PEMAT criteria. The PEMAT rating tool is a freely accessible online resource evaluating print and audiovisual information. The ‘understandability’ section is scored out of 17 possible points and the ‘actionability’ section is scored out of 6 possible points. The websites were rated by two independent reviewers and any discrepancies were discussed. The websites were categorized by Government, Public/Private companies, Patient Advocacy Groups, Professional Societies, and Cancer Centers. Results: The study analyzed 14 websites on AML education material. The mean ‘understandability’ score was 85% ( Range: 79%–92%); Government scored the highest, followed by Professional Societies, Patient Advocacy Groups, Cancer Centers, and Private/Public Companies. PEMAT metric 11 ‘the material provides a summary’ scored poorest across all ‘understandability’ criteria. The mean ‘actionability’ score was 66% ( Range: 56%–90%); Patient Advocacy Groups scored the highest, followed by Professional Societies, Government, Private/Public Companies, and Cancer Centers. PEMAT metric 26 ‘the material uses visual aids whenever they could make it easier to act on the instructions’ scored poorest across all ‘actionability’ criteria. Conclusions: Most of the AML websites analyzed were easy to understand but lacked material that prompts patients to take action. As patients turn to online website sources for information, it is crucial that these education materials provide clear information that patients can appropriately act on. This study highlights an opportunity to enhance online patient education material by adding action-oriented features, such as content summaries, tangible tools, and visual aids. [Table: see text]
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Kuppam, Manoj. "Observability Practice with OODA Principles and Processes". Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, n.º 11 (21 de novembro de 2023): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i11.004.
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Observability is essential in numerous areas, including software engineering, business operations, and Information Technology (IT). Created by Colonel John Boyd in a military setting, the OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act) loop has expanded into a flexible framework for enhancing observability in various areas. This study improves observability and decision-making by applying OODA concepts and procedures in software engineering and business. These domains work together to guarantee smooth workflows in the age of Industry 4.0 and disruptive technology breakthroughs when observability is essential to success. The OODA cycle in software engineering allows engineers to gather information, comprehend context, make logical decisions, and take appropriate action to maximize system security and performance. The “Observe” phase focuses on metrics, logs, events, including data collection, monitoring, and real-time analysis. The “Orient” phase emphasises how crucial anomaly detection and data visualization are to comprehending context. While the “Act” phase handles automation and the implementation of enhancements, the “Decide” phase directs engineers to optimize systems and increase security. From operational indicators to market trends and consumer feedback, the OODA loop helps businesses make data-driven decisions by collecting information during the “Observe” phase. The “Orient” phase helps organizations comprehend customer preferences and market dynamics by analysing data and spotting trends. The “Act” phase makes it easier to implement selected plans, while the “Decide” phase aids in strategic decision-making and resource allocation.
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Kozlowski, M. R., e A. Watson. "Inhibition of gp120 Binding to the CD4 Antigen by Dyes: Mechanism of Effect and Contribution to anti-HIV Activity". Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 3, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1992): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095632029200300107.
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Several compounds developed for use as dyes have shown activity against HIV-1. The present study examines one putative mechanism of this anti-HIV activity, inhibition of gp120/CD4 binding, and its contribution to the antiviral effects of three chemical classes of dyes. Although, for most dyes, the ability to inhibit gp120/CD4 binding and the reported anti-HIV activities do not correlate, a group of dyes is identified whose anti-HIV activity does appear to be related to binding inhibition. Qualitative examination of the effect of two of these dyes on the gp120/CD4 binding isotherm suggests that the inhibition is non-competitive. Dyes which act by preventing viral binding may represent prototypes for the development of novel drugs for the treatment or prevention of AIDS.