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Schlitt, Dale M. "Hegel on Determinate Religion". Owl of Minerva 52, n.º 1 (2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/owl202152834.
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With his important, history-contextualizing study, Jon Stewart has drawn renewed attention to Hegel’s often neglected philosophical interpretation of determinate religion. He focuses on Hegel’s philosophical reading of distinct historical religions, in which Hegel brings them together in serial fashion. In so doing, Hegel proposes a unique philosophy of determinate religion which constitutes an essential element in his philosophical argument in favor of the consummate religion, historically instantiated in Christianity. Stewart’s study is, in effect, an invitation to look again at Hegel’s monumental effort to comprehend religion in its varied historical realizations. The present article proposes to respond to this invitation in a preliminary and modest way. We note various claims Hegel makes regarding his philosophy of determinate religion and then identify a number of challenges arising from these claims. Against this background of claims and challenges, we conclude with an appreciation of Stewart’s work. The appreciation proceeds in four steps: first, a recall of what Stewart intends to do, the focus he adopts, and the theses he argues; second, a review of his emphasis on Hegel’s contexts and sources; third, several remarks on his reading of Hegel on determinate religion; fourth, a reflection on important contributions Stewart makes to the present and future study of Hegel on determinate religion.
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Quillen, Ethan G. "The Justice Potter Stewart Definition of Atheism". Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review 11, n.º 2 (2020): 197–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/asrr2021102976.
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In 1964, the United States Supreme Court affirmed by its decision in Jacobellis vs. Ohio that the French art film, Les Amants, was not, as the State of Ohio had previously defined it, “hardcore pornography.” In his concurrent opinion, Justice Potter Stewart wrote that, though he couldn’t properly define what might constitute “hardcore pornography,” it was something that would be obvious to most of us, especially when compared to a bawdy, yet otherwise harmless, foreign film. His exact words were: “but I know it when I see it.” And while Justice Stewart’s simple acknowledgment that we might “know” what something means merely based on our personal perceptions helped justify the Court’s stance on how it approached similar obscenity laws (as well as made him famous) from that point on, it also serves us well in our own search for definitions of words like “religion” or “Atheism.” This article will use Justice Stewart’s argument as a base of discussion for the latter, providing in the process examples of Atheists across three historical periods, that will in turn support a practical description of the term itself, while simultaneously challenging the need for a “definition of Atheism” in the first place.
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Stewart, Maria W., e Eric Gardner. "Two Texts on Children and Christian Education". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2008): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.1.156.
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The known biography of the early african american writer and lecturer Maria W. Stewart (1803–79) is as brief as it is fascinating. After the childhood loss of her parents, she married James W. Stewart, a Boston shipping agent, in 1826. The Stewarts had close ties with the black radical David Walker, whose fiery 1829 Appeal kindled fears of slave rebellion and was in its third edition when Walker died under suspicious circumstances in August 1830. After James Stewart's own untimely death, in December 1829, his executors swindled Maria Stewart out of her inheritance, and she turned to the church and to writing and lecturing. Revising Walker's combination of jeremiad and Enlightenment-influenced political argument to reflect her own sense of faith, racism and racial uplift, and gender politics, Stewart became one of the first American women to address “promiscuous” audiences. She published a series of probing meditations as well as a set of her lectures—texts still startling for their power and bluntness—in pamphlets and, later, as Productions of Mrs, Maria Stewart (1835).
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Bickerton, Derek. "On the Supposed "Gradualness" of Creole Development". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1991): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.1.03bic.
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Two recent works by Carden & Stewart (1988) and Arends (1989) have tried to prove a gradual rather than a single-generational origin for Haitian and Sranan respectively. Both arguments, however, are severely flawed. The Carden-Stewart argument from Haitian reflexivization is shown to depend on misinterpretations of both bioprogram theory and generative principles. Further, their claim that early Haitian was not a full language would entail that Middle English (among others) was also not a full language. Arends' claims of radical diachronic change in Sranan involve treating as an early creole sample a fragmentary text which, given the social and historical context of seventeenth-century Suriname, was most probably produced by a second-language learner of the creole. Reanalysis of Arends' data shows that he exaggerates the significance of marginal forms and mistakenly treats the inherent variability characteristic of all languages as evidence for ongoing change. In fact, none of the data reviewed in these works is inconsistent with the emergence of Haitian and Sranan as full languages in a single generation.
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Ernst, Daniel R. "Legal Positivism, Abolitionist Litigation, and the New Jersey Slave Case of 1845". Law and History Review 4, n.º 2 (1986): 337–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743831.
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At 10:00 A.M. on May 21, 1845, ‘the tall, straight figure and pale, grave face of the slave's friend, Alvan Stewart’, turned toward the justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court as he commenced his opening argument in the companion cases, State v. Post and State v. Van Beuren. In the ensuing hours, Stewart argued for the immediate abolition of slavery and black apprenticeship in New Jersey. Although Stewart relied upon many authorities, the justices and the attorneys for the defendants believed that his most promising argument was based upon the state constitution of 1844, the first of the state's fundamental laws to declare that ‘all men are by nature free and independent’. On the following day, the defense counsel—A.O. Zabriskie, a Hackensack attorney, and Joseph P. Bradley, the future U.S. Supreme Court Justice—spoke with ‘much energy and ingenuity’ until five o'clock. The reply of the ‘Abolition Ajax’ lasted until 10:30 and closed with an impassioned appeal to the justices. ‘Such was the impressiveness with which the closing appeal of the advocate for freedom was delivered’, a newspaperman reported, that none of the large audience wished to ‘break the spell his eloquence had cast upon the assembly’. At length, the bench arose, and Chief Justice Joseph Hornblower adjourned the court.
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Bousch, Thierry, Andreas M. Hinz, Sandi Klavžar, Daniele Parisse, Ciril Petr e Paul K. Stockmeyer. "A note on the Frame–Stewart conjecture". Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 11, n.º 04 (agosto de 2019): 1950049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830919500496.
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Providing the example of a disc whose number of moves performed in some minimal solution for the Tower of Hanoi problem is not a power of 2, we show that the argument given in a paper by Demontis in this journal is false and the method incapable of solving the Frame–Stewart conjecture on the Tower of Hanoi with more than three pegs.
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Roeber, Blake. "REASONS TO NOT BELIEVE (AND REASONS TO ACT)". Episteme 13, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2016): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2016.23.
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ABSTRACTIn “Reasons to Believe and Reasons to Act,” Stewart Cohen argues that balance of reasons accounts of rational action get the wrong results when applied to doxastic attitudes, and that there are therefore important differences between reasons to believe and reasons to act. In this paper, I argue that balance of reasons accounts of rational action get the right results when applied to the cases that Cohen considers, and that these results highlight interesting similarities between reasons to believe and reasons to act. I also consider an argument for Cohen's conclusion based on the principle that Adler, Moran, Shah, Velleman and others call “transparency.” I resist this argument by explaining why transparency is itself doubtful.
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Grandi, Giovanni B. "Providential Naturalism and Miracles: John Fearn's Critique of Scottish Philosophy". Journal of Scottish Philosophy 13, n.º 1 (março de 2015): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2015.0082.
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According to Thomas Reid, the development of natural sciences following the model of Newton's Principia and Optics would provide further evidence for the belief in a provident God. This project was still supported by his student, Dugald Stewart, in the early nineteenth century. John Fearn (1768–1837), an early critic of the Scottish common sense school, thought that the rise of ‘infidelity’ in the wake of scientific progress had shown that the apologetic project of Reid and Stewart had failed. In reaction to Reid and Stewart, he proposed an idealist philosophy that would dispense with the existence of matter, and would thus cut at the root what he thought was the main source of modern atheism. In this paper, I consider Fearn's critique of Reid and Stewart in his main works: First Lines of the Human Mind (1820) and Manual of the Physiology of Mind (1829). I also consider Fearn's arguments against Hume and in favour of a renewed apologetics in An Essay on the Philosophy of Faith and the Economy of Revelation (1815).
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Kirkpatrick, Jay F. "Viewpoint: Measuring the effects of wildlife contraception: the argument for comparing apples with oranges". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, n.º 4 (2007): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd06163.
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There are few wildlife populations existing today that can be supported without some form of management. Wildlife fertility control, as one option, has moved from the research stage to actual application with a number of species, including wild horses, urban deer, captive exotic species and even African elephants, but this approach remains controversial in many quarters. Strident debate has arisen over the possible effects of contraception on behaviour, genetics, stress and even management economics, among other parameters. Part of the debate arises from the fact that critics often fail to recognise that some form of alternative management will be applied, and a second problem arises when critics fail to identify and demand the same concern for the consequences of the alternative management approaches. Thus, any rational debate on the merits or possible effects of contraceptive management of wildlife must also recognise all alternative management approaches and apply the same concern and questions to these alternative approaches – including ‘no management’ – as are currently being applied to fertility control. Only then will the stewards of wildlife be in a position to make wise and informed decisions about management options.
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Jackson, Alexander. "HOW TO FORMULATE ARGUMENTS FROM EASY KNOWLEDGE, AND MAYBE HOW TO RESIST THEM". American Philosophical Quarterly 55, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2018): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45128629.
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Abstract Arguments from "easy knowledge" are meant to refute a class of epistemological views, including foundationalism about perceptual knowledge. I present arguments from easy knowledge in their strongest form, and explain why other formulations in the literature are inferior. I criticize two features of Stewart Cohen’s presentation (2002, 2005), namely his focus on knowing that one’s faculties are reliable, and his use of a Williamson-style closure principle. Rather, the issue around easy knowledge must be understood using a notion of epistemic priority. Roger White’s presentation (2006) is contaminated by the so-called lottery puzzle, which is best kept separate. Distinguishing basic from non-basic visual contents limits the force of the examples discussed by Cohen, White, and Crispin Wright (2007). Finally, I present a new strategy for resisting even the best-formulated arguments from easy knowledge.
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Ali, Khadija. "Gender Exploitation: from Structural Adjustment Policies to Poverty Reduction Strategies". Pakistan Development Review 42, n.º 4II (1 de dezembro de 2003): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i4iipp.669-694.
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The aim of this paper is to review the existing empirical research concerning women’s exploitation as a result of policy measures imposed by the World Bank and the IMF, particularly under Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs). The central argument here is that SAPs have not been successful in achieving their basic objectives of ‘adjusting’ the economies instead, these policies have created severe social problems for the human beings, particularly for the poor and middle-income groups, in the countries where they (SAPs) have been implemented [Beneria and Feldman (1992); Cornia, Jolly and Stewart (1987); Floro (1995); Messkoub (1996) Moser (1989)]. Among these groups, although all members have to mobilise their efforts to support households so as to cope with the economic crisis, women have to bear an unequal share of this burden [Agrawal (1992); Ali (2000); Beneria (1992, 1995); Cagatay (1995); Chant (1991); Elson (1991, 1992a); Feldman (1992); Floro (1995); Reilly and Gorden (1995); McFarren (1992); Moser (1992); Perez-Aleman (1992); Sahn and Haddad (1991); Safa and Antrobus (1992); Stewart (1992); Trip (1992)].
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Kerr, John H. "The Role of Aggression and Violence in Sport: A Rejoinder to the ISSP Position Stand". Sport Psychologist 13, n.º 1 (março de 1999): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.1.83.
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This paper is intended as a response to the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) Position Stand on aggression and violence in sport (Tenenbaum, Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997). It challenges several arguments presented in the ISSP Position Stand. The current paper offers several counterarguments designed to clarify the real nature of aggression and violence in sport. It also suggests that the ISSP recommendations for dramatically reducing the incidence of aggression and violence in sport be radically revised and redrafted.
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Silva, Érica Cristhyane Morais da. "A importância político-cultural do Levante das Estátuas nas Homilias sobre as Estátuas de João Crisóstomo". História (São Paulo) 28, n.º 1 (2009): 697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-90742009000100024.
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A sociedade romana produziu estátuas abundantemente, como argumenta Stewart (2003:118). As suas funções eram diversas e vários os seus propósitos. Neste artigo, buscaremos apresentar a importância político-cultural das estátuas imperiais na sociedade romana do século IV d.C. a partir da compreensão da gravidade dos acontecimentos ocorridos durante a deflagração de um levante que ficou conhecido, na historiografia, como Levante das Estátuas. Neste levante, estátuas imperiais foram destruídas. Para tanto, utilizaremos a documentação legada por um presbítero, João Crisóstomo, que pronunciou, tradicionalmente, 21 homilias que a historiografia vinculou ao Levante das Estátuas.
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FRASER, REBECCA J., e MARTYN GRIFFIN. "“Why Sit Ye Here and Die”? Counterhegemonic Histories of the Black Female Intellectual in Nineteenth-Century America". Journal of American Studies 54, n.º 5 (20 de fevereiro de 2020): 1005–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875820000389.
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This paper examines the work and lives of black female activist intellectuals in the years before the formation of the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs (NACWC) in 1896. Looking deeper at arguments originally made by Maria Stewart concerning the denial of black women's ambitions and limiting potential in their working lives, the analysis employs the work of the Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, in particular his notion of the intellectual, to help reflect on the centrality of these black women in the development of an early counterhegemonic movement.
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Husain, M., e K. J. Waldron. "Direct Position Kinematics of the 3-1-1-1 Stewart Platforms". Journal of Mechanical Design 116, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 1994): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919493.
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In this work, a closed from solution for the direct position kinematics problem of a special class of Stewart Platform is presented. This class of mechanisms has a general feature that the top platform is connected to the six limbs at four locations. Three limbs connect at one location and the remaining limbs connect to the top platform singly at three separate locations. The base platform is connected at six different locations as is the case in the general platform. This particular class of mechanism is termed as 3-1-1-1 mechanism in this paper. It has been shown that there are a maximum of sixteen real assembly configurations for the direct position kinematics problem. This has been verified using a geometric argument also. The numerical example solved in this paper demonstrates that it is possible to obtain a set of solutions which are all real.
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Virdee, Satnam, e Keith Grint. "Black Self-Organization in Trade Unions". Sociological Review 42, n.º 2 (maio de 1994): 202–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1994.tb00088.x.
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This paper considers the significance of self-organization for black and minority workers in trade unions. It embodies a review of the theoretical and empirical evidence in support of black self-organization within unions; that is, a strategy of relative autonomy rather than separatism or submersion within a race-blind union. The theoretical support is derived from arguments concerning identity, participation and power. Much of the empirical material is based upon interviews with black and white lay members and shop stewards from three branches (‘Helthten’, Shaften’ and ‘Mounten’) of the National and Local Government Officers union (NALGO) and with NALGO national officials between 1989 and 1990.
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Gabriel, Joseph M., e Bennett Holman. "Clinical trials and the origins of pharmaceutical fraud: Parke, Davis & Company, virtue epistemology, and the history of the fundamental antagonism". History of Science 58, n.º 4 (25 de julho de 2020): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275320942435.
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This paper describes one possible origin point for fraudulent behavior within the American pharmaceutical industry. We argue that during the late nineteenth century therapeutic reformers sought to promote both laboratory science and increasingly systematized forms of clinical experiment as a new basis for therapeutic knowledge. This process was intertwined with a transformation in the ethical framework in which medical science took place, one in which monopoly status was replaced by clinical utility as the primary arbiter of pharmaceutical legitimacy. This new framework fundamentally altered the set of epistemic virtues—a phrase we draw from the philosophical field of virtue epistemology—considered necessary to conduct reliable scientific inquiry regarding drugs. In doing so, it also made possible new forms of fraud in which newly emergent epistemic virtues were violated. To make this argument, we focus on the efforts of Francis E. Stewart and George S. Davis of Parke, Davis & Company. Therapeutic reformers within the pharmaceutical industry, such as Stewart and Davis, were an important part of the broader normative and epistemic transformation we describe in that they sought to promote laboratory science and systematized clinical trials toward the twin goals of improving pharmaceutical science and promoting their own commercial interests. Yet, as we suggest, Parke, Davis & Company also serves as an example of a company that violated the very norms that Stewart and Davis helped introduce. We thus seek to describe one possible origin point for the widespread fraudulent practices that now characterize the pharmaceutical industry. We also seek to describe an origin point for why we conceptualize such practices as fraudulent in the first place.
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Topic, John R. "From Stewards to Bureaucrats: Architecture and Information Flow at Chan Chan, Peru". Latin American Antiquity 14, n.º 3 (setembro de 2003): 243–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557560.
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AbstractArchaeologists working with complex societies are concerned with the administration of political economies. Beginning with the premise that there are differing forms of administration and that bureaucracy, in the classic formulation of Max Weber, is one of these, I develop a heuristic dichotomy between two types of administrators: stewards (who closely supervise goods and people) and bureaucrats (who process and control information). Bureaucracy is often linked to written records, but in the Central Andes alternative methods of record keeping were developed, such as the quipu or knotted string record. I argue that one alternative record-keeping device was an architectural form, the U-shaped structure. U-shaped structures are closely identified with the administrative architecture of the Chimu kingdom (ca. A.D. 850–1470) on the north coast of Peru. Four independent lines of argument demonstrate the development of bureaucracy from stewardship at Chan Chan, the capital of the Chimu kingdom. Brief comparisons are made between the Chimu administrative pattern and commodity and information flow in the earlier Huari and Tiwanku civilizations, and with the later Inka pattern. These comparisons show how record-keeping technology affects political economy and the strategy of expansion.
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Costa, Sergio. "DESIGUALDADE, DIFERENÇA, ARTICULAÇÃO". Caderno CRH 32, n.º 85 (7 de junho de 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i85.27771.
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<p>Neste artigo, estudam-se as tensões e superposições entre desigualdade e diferença a partir de duas questões complementares: Quando diferenças se tornam politicamente relevantes? Como desigualdades e diferenças se correlacionam? O argumento é desenvolvido, primeiramente, mediante a discussão crítica de três abordagens influentes nos debates acadêmicos e políticos contemporâneos, a saber: o paradigma do reconhecimento-redistribuição, como é desenvolvido por N. Fraser e A. Honneth, a abordagem das desigualdades categoriais de C. Tilly e a abordagem das desigualdades horizontais-verticais de F. Stewart. A despeito de suas divergências, essas três abordagens apresentam uma limitação conceitual comum, que é tratar diferenças dinâmicas como categorias binárias e fixas: brancos-negros, homens-mulheres, mestiços-indígenas, etc. Para superar esse déficit, com base no conceito de articulação, desenvolve-se uma matriz analítica segundo a qual diferenças representam posicionalidades ou lugares de enunciação no âmbito de relações sociais hierárquicas. O nexo entre diferenças e desigualdades é ilustrado por meio da articulação recente dos quilombolas no Brasil.</p><p><strong>INEQUALITY, DIFFERENCE, ARTICULATION </strong></p><p>This article studies the tensions and overlaps between inequality and difference starting from two complementary questions: When do differences become politically relevant? How do inequalities and differences correlate? The argument is first developed through a critical discussion of three influential approaches in contemporary academic and political debates: the recognition-redistribution paradigm, as developed by N. Fraser and A. Honneth, the categorical inequalities approach of C. Tilly and the horizontal-vertical inequalities approach of F. Stewart. In spite of their divergences, these three approaches present a common conceptual limitation, which is to treat dynamic differences as binary and fixed categories: black-whites, menwomen, mestizos-indigenous, etc. To overcome this deficit, I develop in the present article, starting from the concept of articulation, an analytical matrix according to which differences represent positionalities or sites of enunciation within hierarchical social relations. The nexus between differences and inequalities is illustrated by the recent articulation of the quilombolas in Brazil.</p><p>Key words: Difference. Inequality. Articulation. Positionality. Quilombolas.</p><p><strong>INÉGALITÉ, DIFFÉRENCE, ARTICULATION </strong></p><p>Cet article étudie les tensions et les chevauchements entre inégalités et différences à partir de deux questions complémentaires: Quand les différences deviennent-elles politiquement pertinentes? Quel est la corrélation entre les inégalités et les différences? L’argument est d’abord développé à travers une discussion critique de trois approches influentes dans les débats académiques et politiques contemporains: le paradigme reconnaissanceredistribution, tel que développé par N. Fraser et A. Honneth, l’approche d’inégalité catégorielle de C. Tilly et l’approche des inégalités horizontaleverticale de F. Stewart. Malgré leurs divergences, ces trois approches présentent une limitation conceptuelle commune, qui consiste à traiter les différences dynamiques comme catégories binaires et fixes: blanc-noir, hommes-femmes, métis-indigènes, etc. Pour surmonter ce déficit, le présent article développe, à partir du concept d’articulation, une matrice analytique selon laquelle les différences représentent des positionalités ou des sites d’énonciation dans des relations sociales hiérarchisées. Le lien entre les différences et les inégalités est illustré par la récente articulation des quilombolas au Brésil.</p><p>Mots-clés: Différence. Inégalité. Articulation. Positionnalité. Quilombolas.</p>
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Hand, Michael. "Mathematical Structuralism and the Third Man". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 23, n.º 2 (junho de 1993): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1993.10717316.
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Plato himself would be pleased at the recent emergence of a certain highly Platonic variety of platonism concerning mathematics, viz., the structuralism of Michael Resnik and Stewart Shapiro. In fact, this species of platonism is so Platonic that it is susceptible to an objection closely related to one raised against Plato by Parmenides in the dialogue of that name. This is the Third Man Argument (TMA) against a view about the relation of Forms to particulars. My objection is not a TMA against structuralism; the position avoids that objection, but is vulnerable to a different one precisely at the point where it avoids the TMA. The way structuralism avoids the TMA has in fact been considered, as one of Plato’s options, by at least one commentator on the Parmenides, Colin Strang, who explicitly rejects it on logical grounds. In the course of the discussion, I shall clarify the reason that I believe led Strang to reject this option, and shall modify his own statement of that reason.
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Malone, Karen. "“Holding Environments”: Creating Spaces to Support Children's Environmental Learning in the 21st Century". Australian Journal of Environmental Education 20, n.º 2 (2004): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600002202.
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AbstractFor many children across the globe, whether in low or high income nations, growing up in the 21st century will mean living in overcrowded, unsafe and polluted environments which provide limited opportunity for natural play and environmental learning. Yet Agenda 21, the Habitat Agenda and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child all clearly articulate the importance of urban environments as the context for supporting children's sense of place, community identity and empathy with the natural world. I will argue in this paper that these attributes are all key drivers for supporting children in their role as future decision makers and environmental stewards. Extending Winnicotts' concept of “holding environments” beyond the social and cultural aspects of communities as sites for placemaking I draw a link to the value of botanical gardens and other green spaces in cities as the “holding environments” for children's environmental learning. I will construct an argument around the premise that to participate in, and contribute to, global sustainability - our children need places and the opportunity to engage, connect and respond to nature.
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Kerr, John H. "Issues in Aggression and Violence in Sport: The ISSP Position Stand Revisited". Sport Psychologist 16, n.º 1 (março de 2002): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.16.1.68.
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This paper is the fourth in a series of related papers debating aggression and violence in sport. The first was the ISSP Position Stand (PS; Tenenbaum, Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997), the second a rejoinder (Kerr, 1999), and the third a reply to Kerr’s rejoinder (Tenenbaum, Sacks, Miller, Golden, & Doolin, 2000). The purpose of this fourth paper is to revisit five of the major issues in the debate on aggression and violence in sport concerned with arguments put forward by Kerr (1997), which were subsequently misinterpreted and misrepresented by Tenenbaum et al. (2000). The purpose of this paper is to correct some of these errors and to continue to argue that the PS needs to be revised and redrafted before it will be acceptable to the groups at which it is aimed, especially those involved in team contact sports.
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Krzeminska, Anna, e Anica Zeyen. "A Stewardship Cost Perspective on the Governance of Delegation Relationships". Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 46, n.º 1 (9 de julho de 2016): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016643610.
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We explore how nonprofits can effectively govern delegation relationships. We extend stewardship theory by conceptualizing stewardship costs—costs in delegation relationships based on stewardship behavior. As stewards are theorized as other-regarding, self-actualizing, and intrinsically motivated, so far, literature almost exclusively points to the positive performance potential of stewardship behavior. Addressing this shortcoming, we develop propositions showing how stewardship selection costs rooted in the psychological characteristics of stewardship behavior and stewardship management costs rooted in situational factors of stewardship behavior occur during relationship formation and maintenance, and how they counteract the potential to increase performance. We identify and systematize opportunity costs of delayed growth, limited growth potential, and lost standardization gains, as well as increased selection and management costs. To demonstrate the theoretical potential and empirical relevance of our framework, we illustrate our arguments by referring to social franchising, a scaling strategy considered relevant for nonprofits as well as social enterprises.
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Vieira, Marcia Damaso, e Estefanía Baranger. "Object Sharing in Mbya Guarani: A Case of Asymmetrical Verbal Serialization?" Languages 6, n.º 1 (5 de março de 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010045.
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In this paper, we intend to describe and discuss the grammatical status of the V1-V2 (Cy/vy) constructions found in Mbya Guarani which can express simultaneous events, among other meanings, and which involve a single clause. We suggest here that this verbal complex can be treated as a case of asymmetrical verbal serialization because it contains verbs from a major lexical class, occupying the V1 slot, followed by a more restricted intransitive verbal class, such as movement, postural, or stative verbs, which stands in the V2 position. The curious property of these constructions is that V2 can be transitivized through the attachment of applicative or causative morphemes and “share” its object with transitive V1. “Object sharing” is another property attributed to serialization, as suggested by Baker and Baker and Stewart, which may be seen as a strong argument in favor of the present hypothesis. We will also provide evidence to distinguish Mbya Guarani V1-V2 (Cy/vy) complex from other constructions, such as temporal and purpose subordinate clauses, involving the particle vy.
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Banuri, Tariq. "Just Adjustment Protecting the Vulnerable and Promoting Growth". Pakistan Development Review 31, n.º 4II (1 de dezembro de 1992): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.681-695.
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This paper is a follow up in the Pakistani context of the issues raised in UNICEFs classic contribution to the political economy of development, Adjustment With a Human Face [Cornia, Jolly and Stewart (1987), henceforth AWHF]. It tries to set out the issues involved in understanding why despite four decades of development has there not been a significant move towards meeting the basic needs of the population. Our argument is that reliance on the cultural norms of justice and humanness - particularly as regards vulnerable groups - as the basis of choosing priorities and designing policies, is a means and not an obstacle to systainable growth and structural adjustment. Structural adjustment, namely changes in a ~untry's production and consumption structure, becomes necessary when expenditures begin to exceed incomes systematically. However, orthodox adjustment programmes have often been criticised because they have tended to retard growth in poor countries, and to shift the burden onto vulnerable groups. In the tradition of this literature, we argue not against the necessity of structural adjustment, but against the adverse entailments of such adjustment. Hence the title, "Just Adjustment".
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Hulsebosch, Daniel J. "Nothing But Liberty: Somerset's Case and the British Empire". Law and History Review 24, n.º 3 (2006): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000000821.
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George Van Cleve places Somerset's Case squarely in the middle of Britain's imperial history. It belongs there. After clarifying the “narrow” holding in the case—that Charles Stewart could not forcibly remove James Somerset from England—Van Cleve argues that Chief Justice Mansfield and his Court of King's Bench “creat[ed] a new legal framework for slavery” and “did so quite knowingly at the price of undercutting the legal, economic and moral basis of slavery as an institution throughout the Atlantic Empire.” This argument that Somerset's Case transformed slavery law throughout the British Empire rests on three claims. First, Van Cleve views Somerset's Case as an imperial conflict of laws case because it involved a conflict between the laws of two royal territories, England and Virginia. Second, Van Cleve contends that Mansfield intended the decision and his remarks accompanying it about the positive law foundation of slavery to have abolitionist effects. Finally, these two points are related: Mansfield drew a distinction “between English and colonial law on slavery” in order to undermine slavery across the empire.
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Stewart, Abigail J. "2002 Carolyn Sherif Award Address: Gender, Race, and Generation in a Midwest High School: Using Ethnographically Informed Methods in Psychology". Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, n.º 1 (março de 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-2-00001.
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Abigail Stewart Sherif Award Citation. For your exceptional contributions to feminist psychology, the Society for the Psychology of Women presents to you the Carolyn Wood Sherif Award. Your entire career has been marked by distinction; you have been as prolific in publishing as you have been in mentoring. You have illuminated women's lives, their personalities, their development, and their adaptation to change. You have advanced feminist theory, and your academic leadership has created the opportunity for students to do graduate work in feminist psychology. We honor you and your work with gratitude. In this essay I make two arguments. First, I argue for the value of ethnographically informed methods in psychology in general and particularly for the psychology of women. Second, I argue for the importance of the role of generation in psychology, perhaps particularly in the study of values and social identities. In advancing these arguments, I draw on evidence from an ongoing, ethnographically informed study of the graduates of a Midwestern high school in the mid-1950s and late 1960s. The two generations of graduates have distinctive accounts of their experiences, with the older generation's accounts consistent across gender and race, and the younger generation's accounts inflected by both race and gender. Differences in the form of generational identity in the two cohorts are discussed.
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Ceci, Stephen J., Shulamit Kahn e Wendy M. Williams. "Stewart-Williams and Halsey argue persuasively that gender bias is just one of many causes of women’s underrepresentation in science". European Journal of Personality 35, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890207020976778.
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Stewart-Williams and Halsey provide an unusually broad synthesis of the enormous literature on gender gaps in hiring, letters of recommendation, mathematical and spatial abilities, email appointment-making, people vs things orientation, within-gender variability, salaries, occupational preferences, and employment discrimination. They argue that sociocultural factors, while important, cannot by themselves account for the entirety of these gaps. In addition, they argue that factors resulting from evolutionary origins, cognitive ability gaps at the extreme right tail of the distribution, and underlying gender differences in abilities, preferences, and values are needed to explain why women are less well represented in the most math-intensive fields. In our commentary, we reprise our own recent synthesis (unpublished) of gender gaps in six domains (letters of recommendation, academic hiring, salaries, teaching evaluations, journal acceptance rates, grant funding success) and put our results in the context of these authors' arguments.
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Baldock, Sophie. "‘Our Looks, Two Looks’: Miniature Portraits in the Letters of Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell". Review of English Studies 71, n.º 300 (9 de setembro de 2019): 528–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz097.
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Abstract This article examines parallels between the exchange of miniature portraits in late eighteenth-century letters and the exchange of photographs and keepsakes in the twentieth-century correspondence of American poets Elizabeth Bishop and Robert Lowell. Drawing on theories of the miniature in Susan Stewart’s work, alongside art-historical and literary-critical accounts of the practice of exchanging miniature portraits in letters, the article builds on arguments that portraits go hand-in-hand with the genre of letter writing. I argue that previous criticism of the Bishop-Lowell correspondence has not yet adequately explored their epistolary discussion and exchange of visual materials. As in the case of their eighteenth- and nineteenth-century predecessors, for Bishop and Lowell, letter writing frequently involved a literal and metaphorical exchange of portraits. The article places particular photographs in their original context alongside letters, demonstrating the symbiotic relationship between images and text and the key role played by the visual in letter writing. It provides a fresh reading of Bishop’s and Lowell’s linked poems, ‘The Armadillo’ and ‘Skunk Hour’, arguing that these poems are a means of portrait-painting in relation to the other. The poems are examined alongside descriptions of an antique miniature cameo, sent by Lowell to Bishop as a companion to his poem, which functions as an ambivalently gendered portrait of Bishop. Finally, the poets’ interlocking memoirs, ‘91 Revere Street’ and ‘Memories of Uncle Neddy’, are analysed to show their origin in letters, and their shared preoccupation with portraiture, scale and framing.
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Herrera Guevara, Asunción. "¿Justicia en la tierra y para la tierra?" Araucaria, n.º 49 (2022): 218–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2022.i49.11.
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La metodología empleada en este trabajo, con el fin de argumentar mi propuesta, será un análisis hermenéutico de conceptos filosóficos y de alguna obra literaria. Mi propuesta intentará mostrar la necesidad de un nuevo concepto de justicia. El concepto tradicional de justicia en las sociedades occidentales es antropocéntrico y, por tanto, ha excluido a la naturaleza y a los animales no humanos. En la primera parte del artículo, mostraré, desde la deliberación ética, la necesidad de un concepto diferente de justicia y progreso que incluya a la naturaleza. En la segunda parte, analizaré una novela de George R. Stewart, La tierra permanece (1949). El análisis de esta obra literaria me conducirá a mostrar las injusticias cometidas contra la tierra y sus consecuencias. Palabras-clave: Deliberación ética, Justicia, Literatura, Naturaleza, Progreso.
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Jo, Arabella. "Critique of Modern Feminism". Journal of Artificial Intelligence General science (JAIGS) ISSN:3006-4023 5, n.º 1 (16 de julho de 2024): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jaigs.v5i1.196.
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This paper explores the counter argument for Chapter 3 of Marriages, Families, and Relationships by Mary Ann Lamanna, Agnes Riedmann, and Susan Stewart, which deals with the topic of Gender Identities and Families, especially regarding feminism. This paper will provide a general summary, main points, and concepts of the chapter that focuses on feminism. Afterwards, this paper will continue to provide a general social, legal, and cultural climate of the time the book was written versus now (2024), and then reflect on some new information and research that disproves the glorification of modern feminism as done in the book. The critique will demonstrate how modern feminism, under the guise of advocating for gender equality, can sometimes promote racist and sexist agendas. Specifically, this paper will detail the mechanisms through which modern feminism disguises itself, manipulating social perceptions to orient one group as superior over others. This will include an analysis of how certain feminist narratives utilize the concepts of victimhood and social proof to establish a hierarchy of suffering and legitimacy, thereby positioning some groups as more deserving of support and resources than others, based on race, class, or historical experiences.
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Tenenbaum, Gershon, David N. Sacks, Jason W. Miller, Amy S. Golden e Nora Doolin. "Aggression and Violence in Sport: A Reply to Kerr’s Rejoinder". Sport Psychologist 14, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2000): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.4.315.
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In response to Ken’s (1999) rejoinder to the International Society of Sport Psychology’s (ISSP) Position Stand (PS) on aggression and violence in sport (Tenenbaum. Stewart, Singer, & Duda, 1997), this reply refutes Kerr’s criticisms and further advocates the recommendations provided by the ISSP to drastically reduce aggression among athletes and spectators. Specifically, this paper answers Kerr’s (1999) accusations that the PS fails to provide an understanding of the motivation behind aggression in sport, does not distinguish between athlete and spectator violence, makes improper conclusions regarding the media’s influence, and incorrectly blames officials for inflaming aggressive acts. Support is offered to vindicate the PS. The example cited by Kerr to discredit the PS recommendations is shown to be congruent with the ISSP’s suggestions for reducing aggression and violence in sport. Readers are urged to approach with caution arguments that consider aggression an essential component of sport, as such views increase the risk of injury among participants and spectators. Additional suggestions for reducing the incidence of aggression and violence in sport are invited.
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Ballos, Alexandra. "Compliance and the Second Sex". Crossings: An Undergraduate Arts Journal 4, n.º 1 (7 de julho de 2024): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/crossings210.
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As women’s participation becomes increasingly visible within far-right movements, the question of agency is often brought up; are women in the far-right agents? Although this question has been explored before, only a limited sect of this literature has analyzed this phenomenon through a feminist theoretical lens. This is notable considering much of women’s participation stems from an initial rejection of feminist values, often citing feminism as being the root cause of their lack of quality of life. Throughout this paper, I will argue that women’s agency in far-right movements can be better explained through the application of Simone de Beauvoir’s theoretical framework. I will situate this argument within a literature review that analyzes the previous understandings of women’s agency within the far-right. Following this, I will additionally present literature on hegemonic masculinity and its relationship to far-right women’s complicity. Furthermore, the strength of using de Beauvoir’s theoretical framework to analyze women of the far right will be asserted through an analysis of the case study of Ayla Stewart, an infamous far-right online influence. This paper ultimately aims to answer the following: How can de Beauvoir’s theoretical framework help better understand the agency of women within far-right political and social movements?
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Maclear, Kyo. "Selfish Giants and Child Redeemers: Refiguring Environmental Hope in Oscar Wilde’s and Clio Barnard’s The Selfish Giant". Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 10, n.º 1 (junho de 2018): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.10.1.41.
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In this paper, I explore how stories of lost and broken worlds have been tied to hopes about the redemptive possibilities of a new generation. I historicize and complicate the idea of children as environmental stewards of an imagined planetary future. I investigate the issue further by examining the particular figure of the child redeemer and our “investment in the image of the child as a sign of the future, as defence against loss of significance in the world” (Lebeau 179). Oscar Wilde’s The Selfish Giant and Clio Barnard’s recent film adaptation of Wilde’s book will be the objects of my discussion. Barnard’s film, set in the post-industrial landscape of Bradford, England, offers child protagonists who unsettle the familiar fantasy of redemption and invite us to think past sentimental and nostalgic arguments for ecological preservation (premised on preserving an unjust world as it is). While it is important not to topple the myth of childhood innocence only to resurrect another myth of childhood agency, I am interested in these moments of refusal and how they point to the limits of a sentimental ecology.
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Ncube, Farai, e Olabanji Oni. "ORGANIZING CHALLENGES FACED BY TRADE UNIONS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY OF ZIMBABWE". EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 8, n.º 3 (2020): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2020.08.03.001.
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Globally there are a lot of developments and changes happening in the tourism industry affecting the traditional business operations and with a serious effect on employment relations patterns. Trade unions have been at the receiving end owing to these changes. New forms of employment coupled with other changes have adversely affected the ability of trade unions to effectively organize. While union strength is measured by a number of aspects, membership remains the main indicator of union power. In this article, we examine the organizing challenges faced by the Trade Unions in the Hospitality Industry of Zimbabwe. We employ a qualitative study utilizing a sample of 80 respondents drawn from union officials (10), shop stewards (40) and management representatives (30). The study reveals that the unions face a myriad of challenges ranging from lack of resources to effectively organize and support all initiatives in place, political persecution affecting member perceptions, lack of management support, destroying all union efforts as well as changing demographics and employment conditions among other challenges. We maintain that the survival of a trade union depends primarily on its ability to organize workers. We advance the argument that the industry is not immune to the developments and changes happening in the contemporary world of work and for unions to survive they have to co-evolve. We conclude that the identified challenges can actually be opportunities for the trade unions.
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HILTON, BOYD. "Apologia pro Vitis Veteriorum Hominum". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 50, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1999): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046998008495.
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The Oxford Movement in context. Anglican High Churchmanship, 1700–1857. By Peter Benedict Nockles. Pp. xvii+342. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. £40 (cloth), £15.95 (paper). 0 521 38162 2; 0 521 58719 0This book, together with subsequent articles on Scotland and Ireland, contains the fruits of researches which first became available in Dr Nockles's Oxford DPhil. of 1982, probably the most widely consulted dissertation on religious developments in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Britain since John Walsh's Cambridge PhD of 1956. The outlines of the argument have been adumbrated elsewhere, but God (in Nockles's case) resides also in the details, and historians will turn to this book for its rich scholarship and its staggering mastery of published and unpublished sources. Indeed the appearance of this definitive study is doubly welcome because, so long as it was known to be in the offing, there was a danger that other historians would be deterred from starting research on the subject of Anglican High Churchmanship, but now that it is out it will inevitably act as a guide and stimulus to further inquiry. Already scholars such as Stewart Brown, Arthur Burns, Frances Knight, Simon Skinner and Brian Young are beginning to till the ground. A field which had once seemed high and dry has been refreshed and made fertile.
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Hine, Don W., R. Crofts e John Becker. "Designing behaviourally informed policies for land stewardship: A new paradigm". International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4365.
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This paper argues the case for a new approach to the stewardship of land resources that uses behavioural science theory to support the design and application of policies that facilitate changes in behaviour by those who develop policy and the farmers who implement it. Current approaches have: focused on legally-based expert system; and have been devised by national and international bureaucracies with little or no knowledge of how land owners and managers are motivated, and how they think, behave and operate as stewards of their natural resources. A review of current approaches from the social scientific literature is provided, with a particular focus on principles from social psychology. This is followed by an examination of how these principles can be applied to influence behaviour related to land restoration and soil conservation. Examples of the problems with traditional approaches and the evolution of new approaches with full engagement of farmers as the delivery agents are provided from within the European Union, Iceland and Scotland. In the light of these examples and emerging thinking in other parts of the world, the paper sets out the basis for a new approach based on behavioural science theory and application, reinforcing the arguments already made in the literature for a social license for farming.
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Bramble, Thomas. "Trade Union Organization and Workplace Industrial Relations in the Vehicle Industry 1963 to 1991". Journal of Industrial Relations 35, n.º 1 (março de 1993): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569303500103.
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An underlying theme in the development of industrial relations in the car industry in the last three decades has been the replacement of an old by a new mode of accommodation, a network of management and union strategies which provides the basic infrastructure necessary for profit-making and the stabilization of class relations inside factories. The post-war mode of accommodation in the vehicle industry, which survived until the early 1970s, was destroyed and replaced by a new mode in the 1980s. Struggles within the major industry union, as well as between the workforce and management, played an important part in this process. This article examines the role of full-time officials in the Vehicle Builders Employees Federation and their changing relations with workplace stewards and rank-and-file union members in the key period of transition, from 1963 to 1991. By studying the evolution of the political and economic challenges faced by the leadership of this union in this period, and its responses, we may gain some insights into the behaviour of full-time officials. It will be argued that the changing internal politics of this union validate what Jonathan Zeitlin has called the 'rank and filist perspective' on union government, and cast doubt on the arguments of its recent critics.
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Bergoffen, Debra. "On Becoming Human and Being Humane: Human Rights, Women’s Rights, Species Rights". Religions 15, n.º 7 (8 de julho de 2024): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15070822.
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This essay focuses on the nexus of vulnerability and rights. It argues that in transforming vulnerability from a stigma that alienated women from their humanity to the signature of human dignity, women bridged the gap between the liberatory promise of human rights and its exploitative patriarchal politics. It finds that the ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Drucilla Cornell, and Jean-Luc Nancy were/are crucial to this transformed idea of dignity. Religious ideas have played a complex role in this transformation. Wollstonecraft appealed to theological ideas of the soul to contest men’s claims that the Bible enshrined women’s subordination to men. Current abortion politics in the U.S., and the Iranian women’s Women, Life, Freedom rebellion continue to show how sacred texts have been used to defend and reject women’s demands for rights. Religious and secular arguments for the dignity of vulnerability, used by feminists to re-write the sexual difference, direct us to rethink our exploitative relationship to the earth and the multiple species it harbors. As we take up the task of confronting the environmental crisis of our times, they call on us to see ourselves as stewards of the earth’s bounty who are morally obliged to create humane relationships with our other-than-human neighbors.
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Macintyre, Angus. "Lord George Bentinck and the Protectionists: a lost cause?" Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 39 (dezembro de 1989): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3678982.
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In The processes by which a political cause is defeated, there are significant, sometimes unexpected achievements. This proposition is as true of protectionism before and after the repeal of the corn laws as it is for example of Jacobitism or Gladstonian Home Rule. But while the supporters and fellow-travellers of free trade have had abundant attention, the protectionists have suffered from historical neglect redeemed in recent years only by the distinguished contributions of Robert Stewart and Travis Crosby. A certain absence both of historical sympathy and of interest in the arguments of the enemies of free trade has produced a widely-held view of the protectionists as mere revanchistes and political untouchables, ‘wild men of the right’ who had to be ‘dragged kicking and screaming from their last ditches’ while others made proper preparations for ‘a generation of bourgeois prosperity’. Norman Gash, the doyen of ‘the age of Peel’, while keenly aware of the mixed motives—intellectual, political and economic—which influenced men's conduct in 1845–6 and beyond, writes of the protectionists as ‘the dead weight’ of the conservative party: their cause was too monolithic, too representative of ‘a latent hostility to the other great interests of the country’, to form the basis of a national party; and their leader Lord George Bentinck was principally and destructively inspired by revenge.
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Sigala, Marianna. "Implementing social customer relationship management". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, n.º 7 (9 de julho de 2018): 2698–726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2015-0536.
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PurposeThis paper aims to debate the technology-driven transformation of customer relationship management (CRM) into social CRM, which entails a shift from a transactional and automational solution to a customer experience management philosophy, reflecting high levels of customer empowerment.Design/methodology/approachA literature review provides a critical analysis of the concept, tenets, aims and implementation approaches of social CRM. Arguments are summarised by developing a process-based framework for implementing social CRM.FindingsBy adopting a value co-creation approach that recognises the technology-fostered customer empowerment, the social CRM highlights the need to immigrate from relationship management to relationship stewardship. In this vein, social CRM implementation should support and foster dialogue facilitation and customer engagement in co-creating customer experiences. To achieve these, five approaches for implementing social CRM are proposed: collecting, analysing and interpreting customer insight; monitoring and improving the performance of CRM; developing holistic and seamless personalised customer experiences; gamifying CRM and loyalty programmes; and nurturing community relationship management.Research limitations/implicationsThe five approaches to social CRM implementation are identified and validated based on current industry practices, theoretical arguments and anecdotal evidence of professionals’ perceptions about their outcomes. Future research is required to collect hard evidence showing the business and customer impacts of these approaches.Practical implicationsSocial CRM immigrates relationship management from a transactional to a customer experience mindset that treats customers as co-creators of value and demands the tourism and hospitality firms to exploit the affordances of information and communication technologies to collect and analyse customer data for better understanding the customer; develop customer touch points that do not only aim to sell but also primarily aim to enhance the customer interactions and experiences; consider and treat the customers and the customer communities as co-creators, brand ambassadors and stewards of relations; and motivate and enable customer participation into value co-creation processes for developing customer experiences and building relationships.Originality/valueResearch in social CRM is emerging, but it mainly focusses on defining its scope and identifying the functionality and adoption of social CRM technology. The paper contributes to the literature by proposing five specific approaches and a process framework for implementing social CRM. Various directions for future research are also provided.
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Maddy, Penelope. "Believing the axioms. II". Journal of Symbolic Logic 53, n.º 3 (setembro de 1988): 736–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2274569.
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This is a continuation of Believing the axioms. I, in which nondemonstrative arguments for and against the axioms of ZFC, the continuum hypothesis, small large cardinals and measurable cardinals were discussed. I turn now to determinacy hypotheses and large large cardinals, and conclude with some philosophical remarks.Determinacy is a property of sets of reals. If A is such a set, we imagine an infinite game G(A) between two players I and II. The players take turns choosing natural numbers. In the end, they have generated a real number r (actually a member of the Baire space ωω). If r is in A, I wins; otherwise, II wins. The set A is said to be determined if one player or the other has a winning strategy (that is, a function from finite sequences of natural numbers to natural numbers that guarantees the player a win if he uses it to decide his moves).Determinacy is a “regularity” property (see Martin [1977, p. 807]), a property of well-behaved sets, that implies the more familiar regularity properties like Lebesgue measurability, the Baire property (see Mycielski [1964] and [1966], and Mycielski and Swierczkowski [1964]), and the perfect subset property (Davis [1964]). Infinitary games were first considered by the Polish descriptive set theorists Mazur and Banach in the mid-30s; Gale and Stewart [1953] introduced them into the literature, proving that open sets are determined and that the axiom of choice can be used to construct an undetermined set.
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Ballantyne, Angela, e G. Owen Schaefer. "Public interest in health data research: laying out the conceptual groundwork". Journal of Medical Ethics 46, n.º 9 (6 de maio de 2020): 610–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106152.
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The future of health research will be characterised by three continuing trends: rising demand for health data; increasing impracticability of obtaining specific consent for secondary research; and decreasing capacity to effectively anonymise data. In this context, governments, clinicians and the research community must demonstrate that they can be responsible stewards of health data. IRBs and RECs sit at heart of this process because in many jurisdictions they have the capacity to grant consent waivers when research is judged to be of particular value. However, several different terms are used to refer to this value (including public interest, public benefit, public good and social value), indicating a lack of conceptual clarity regarding the appropriate test for access to health data for research without consent. In this paper we do three things. First we describe the current confusion and instability in terminology relating to public interest in the context of consent waivers. Second we argue for harmonisation of terminology on the grounds of clarity, transparency and consistency. Third we argue that the term ‘public interest’ best reflects the normative work required to justify consent waivers because it is the broadest of the competing terms. ‘Public interest’ contains within its scope positive and negative implications of a study, as well as welfare, justice and rights considerations. In making this argument, we explain the normative basis for consent waivers, and provide a starting place for further discussion about the precise conditions in which a given study can be said to advance the public interest. Ipsos MORI study found that: … the public would be broadly happy with administrative data linking for research projects provided (1) Those projects have social value, broadly defined. (2) Data are de-identified. (3) Data are kept secure. (4) Businesses are not able to access the data for profit.
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FOX, RICHARD WIGHTMAN. "READING LINCOLN'S MIND". Modern Intellectual History 3, n.º 2 (agosto de 2006): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244306000801.
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Allen C. Guelzo, Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1999)William Lee Miller, Lincoln's Virtues: An Ethical Biography (New York: Knopf, 2002)Stewart Winger, Lincoln, Religion, and Romantic Cultural Politics (Dekalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003)Since Good Friday 1865 most Americans have adored their sixteenth president. They venerate him because he so vividly embodies their two most cherished cultural stories—the poor farmer's boy risen to the top, the preacher of charity martyred for his people—while so strikingly surpassing even those mythic achievements. For the masses Lincoln lives on as the visionary emancipator, forgiving warrior, self-taught wordsmith, contemplative sage, and (most miraculous oxymoron of all) honest politician. For intellectuals Lincoln commands allegiance for his reasoned argument, his practical political judgment, his commitment to the principles underlying republican communities, and his tradition-rich eloquence (Shakespeare and the King James Version vying for prominence in his speech with authentic backwoods witticisms). How strange, then, that until Allen Guelzo's Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President appeared in 1999 no historian had written his intellectual biography. Many important studies of Lincoln's thought have been produced, going back to Harry V. Jaffa's 1959 classic Crisis of the House Divided: An Interpretation of the Issues of the Lincoln–Douglas Debates (Guelzo calls it (p. 469) “incontestably the greatest Lincoln book of the [twentieth] century”) and beyond that to William E. Barton's now forgotten The Soul of Abraham Lincoln (1920), a trenchant study of Lincoln's religious thinking. But Guelzo is the first to produce an intellectually disposed life of Lincoln, one that follows the lead of Daniel Walker Howe (most recently expounded in Making the American Self: Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln, 1997) by putting Lincoln's “Whig culture” and his distinctive theological musings at the heart of his personal and political story.
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Suchkov, M., A. Sushentsov e A. Baykov. "Leadership and Foreign Policy Decision-Making in the Next Innovation Wave". International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 18, n.º 4 (2020): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2020.18.4.63.1.
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The evolution of digital technologies rooted in the transformation of the world into a holistic quantifiable system brings about foundational shifts in how an individuals interact with information. Current technological progress is cyclical in nature: emerging capabilities create different environment with new threats that prompt further search for technological solutions to address them, and occurs \on two interwoven tracks: the increasing sophistication of the information system itself (better ways to collect, store and analyze data) and better means of human interaction with it (search engines, faster connection, more seamless interface with devices). Similar in scope to the spread of printed books, the digital transformation is still at its nascency: the “printing press” has been invented, but the humanity is yet to perfect it and experience the full array of social and political changes it is bound to incur. This article is an attempt to peek into such “digital future”. Taking stock of the observable trends it charts the course of major shifts in approaches to foreign policy and maps out possible impediments for effective leadership in the new era. The conceptualization of the transformations is picking up speed, yet main IR schools tackling dispersed aspects, such as the impact of digital technologies on the balance of power (realism), on the nature of government and international environment (liberalism) and on the interpretation of the emerging processes (constructivism), do not offer a comprehensive approach. At the same time despite the growing analyzability and, hence, rationality of the world the studies of the decision-making process still struggle to account for the “human nature” of state leadership. The futility of the attempts to measure irrationality underlines the core argument of the article – with the overall trend for deeper convergence between an information system and a human the emerging digital future will be determined by individuals, who will remain the ultimate stewards of international relations. As a result, the efficiency of leadership, including smart utilization of technological advances, will depend on the quality of “human capital” of elites. On the one hand, accessibility of information, faster data travel and the absence of physical boundaries in the digital space enhance analytical abilities of individuals and improve the quality of decisionmaking. On the other hand, the increasing effortlessness of retrieving, storing and disseminating information results in the shift of perspective: laborious process of developing a solution is substituted by search for the most acceptable alternative, solving a crisis is replaced with manipulating the perception of it, and the quality of decisions is judged not by long-term consequences but by immediate movements in opinion polls.
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Michener, Ronald T. "Reflections on Creation Care Through Critical Appropriation of Radical Orthodoxy". European Journal of Theology 28, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2019.1.004.mich.
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RésuméDeux tendances problématiques apparaissent souvent dans le discours théologique sur le soin à apporter à la création. Ou bien Dieu est considéré comme trop détaché de sa création, de sorte que la création se trouve objectifiée, ou bien Dieu est assimilé à la création, de sorte que la transcendance divine est niée. Cet article tire parti des apports de l’orthodoxie radicale, en proposant une position constructive moyenne entre ces deux tendances négatives. Je soutiendrai que la création ne doit ni être réduite à un produit de Dieu, ni considérée comme identique à Dieu. Bien plutôt, elle pointe vers Dieu et participe à la révélation de Dieu. Dieu se révèle par sa création qui présente des traces et des marques d’un créateur transcendant. Nous devons apprécier, garder et prendre soin de la création, non seulement comme des gérants responsables, mais comme ayant part au don divin qu’est la révélation.ZusammenfassungIm theologischen Diskurs über die Bewahrung der Schöpfung tauchen oft zwei problematische Trends auf: Entweder sieht man Gott als ganz und gar losgelöst von der Schöpfung, so dass die Schöpfung vergegenständlicht wird, oder man setzt Gott mit der Schöpfung gleich, so dass Gottes Transzendenz verloren geht. Dieser Aufsatz macht sich Erkenntnisse der Radical Orthodoxy zu eigen (Kritik des Säkularismus und der kantischen Metaphysik, Anm. d. Übers.) und schlägt eine vermittelnde konstruktive Position zwischen diesen beiden negativen Trends vor. Der Autor vertritt das Argument, dass die Schöpfung weder auf ein Produkt Gottes reduziert, noch als mit Gott identisch angesehen werden soll. Vielmehr weist dieselbe auf Gott hin und hat als eine Form seiner Offenbarung Anteil an ihm. Gott offenbart sich durch die Schöpfung, welche die Spuren und Kennzeichen eines transzendenten Schöpfers aufweist. Wir müssen die Schöpfung wertschätzen, bewahren und für sie Sorge tragen, und zwar nicht nur als verantwortliche Haushalter, sondern als Teilhaber am Geschenk der Offenbarung Gottes.SummaryTwo problematic tendencies often arise in theological discourse on creation care. God is either seen as too detached from creation, so that creation is objectified, or God is equated with creation itself, so that God’s transcendence is lost. This essay will appropriate insights from Radical Orthodoxy, suggesting a mediating, constructive position between these two negative tendencies. I will argue that creation should neither be reduced to a product of God nor regarded as identical to God. Rather, it points towards God and participates in God as his revelation. God discloses himself through creation, displaying the traces and markings of a transcendent Creator. We must cherish, guard and care for creation not simply as responsible stewards, but as participants of God’s gift of revelation.
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Iooss, G. "Secondary bifurcations of Taylor vortices into wavy inflow or outflow boundaries". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 173 (dezembro de 1986): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112086001179.
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Experiments of Andereck et al. (1986) with corotating cylinders, show that Taylor-vortex flow (TVF) can bifurcate into one of the following cellular flows: wavy vortices (WV), twisted vortices (TW), wavy inflow boundaries (WIB), wavy outflow boundaries (WOB). We describe here the structure of these different flows, showing how they result from simple symmetry breaking. Moreover we consider the codimension-two situation where WIB and WOB interact, since this is an observed physical situation.The method used in this paper is based on symmetry arguments. It differs notably from the Liapunov-Schmidt reduction used in particular by Golubitsky & Stewart (1986) on the same problem with counter-rotating cylinders. Here we take into account all the dynamics, instead of restricting the study to oscillating solutions. In addition to the standard oscillatory modes, we have a translational mode due to the indeterminacy of TVF under the shifts along the axis. We derive an amplitude-expansion procedure which allows the translational mode to depend on time. Our amplitude equations have nevertheless a simple structure because the oscillatory modes have a precise symmetry. They break, in general, the rotational invariance and they are either symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to the plane z = 0. Moreover, the most typical cases are when either of these modes has the same axial period as TVF or when their axial period is double this. This leads to four different cases which are shown to give WV, TW, WIB or WOB, all these flows being ‘rotating waves’, i.e. they are steady in a suitable rotating frame.Finally we consider the interaction between WIB and WOB that occurs when, at the onset of instability, the two critical modes arise simultaneously. In this case we show in particular that there may exist a stable quasi-periodic flow bifurcating from WIB or WOB. The two main frequencies are those of underlying WIB and WOB, while there may exist a third frequency corresponding to a slow superposed travelling wave in the axial direction.The method was used in the counter-rotating case for interacting non-axisymmetric modes (see Chossat et al. 1986). One of the original contributions here is not only to clarify the origin of all observed bifurcations from TVF, but also to handle the translational mode which may not stay small. This technique combined with centre-manifold and equivariance techniques may be helpful for many problems starting with orbits of solutions, such as the TVF considered here.
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Rodríguez, Yésica. "Kierkegaard y Kant: educación para la ética". Trilhas Filosóficas 11, n.º 1 (26 de junho de 2018): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v11i1.3036.
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Resumen: El presente artículo pretende realizar una aproximación entre los pensamientos éticos de Kant y Kierkegaard concentrándonos en los conceptos de educación y libertad. Para ello pondremos foco en el pensamiento práctico desarrollado por el filósofo alemán en el año 1790, al cual denominamos la segunda ética kantiana, y en la primera autoría kierkegaardiana, es decir, O lo uno o lo otro (1843) y El concepto de angustia (1844). Consideramos que estos dos periodos, en ambos autores, nos brindan la posibilidad de encontrar puntos de contactos que nos permiten sostener que la ética que Kierkegaard tiene en mente para estas obras es el pensamiento moral desarrollado por Kant en este periodo.Palabras claves: Kant. Kierkegaard. Libertad. Educación. ÉticaAbstract: The present article intends to make an approximation between the ethical thoughts of Kant and Kierkegaard concentrating on the concepts of education and freedom. For this we will focus on the practical thought developed by the German philosopher in the year 1790, which we call the second Kantian ethic, and in the first Kierkegaardian authorship, that is, Either/Or (1843) and The Concept of Anxiety (1844). We consider that these two periods, in both authors, give us the possibility of finding points of contact that allow us to maintain that the ethics that Kierkegaard has in mind for these works is the moral thought developed by Kant in this period.Keywords: Kant. Kierkegaard. Freedom. Education. Ethics Resumo: O presente artigo pretende fazer uma aproximação entre os pensamentos éticos de Kant e Kierkegaard concentrando-se nos conceitos de educação e liberdade. Para isso, vamos nos concentrar no pensamento prático desenvolvido pelo filósofo alemão no ano de 1790, que chamamos a segunda ética kantiana, e na primeira autoria de kierkegaardiana, ou seja, Ou/Ou (1843) e O conceito de Angústia (1844). Consideramos que esses dois períodos, em ambos os autores, nos darão a possibilidade de encontrar pontos de contato que nos permitam sustentar que a ética que Kierkegaard tem em mente para essas obras é o pensamento moral desenvolvido por Kant nesse período.Palavras-chave: Kant. Kierkegaard. Liberdade. Educação. Ética REFERENCIASALLISON, Henry. Kant's Theory of Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.ASSISTER, Alison. Kant and Kierkegaard on Freedom and Evil. In: International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, Vol. 72 (April 1996), pp 275-296.DI GIOVANNI, George. Freedom and religion in Kant and his immediate successors: The vocation of mankind, 1774–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.DIP, Patricia. Judge William: the Limits of the ethical. In: Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, Volume 17, Katalin Nun,Jon Stewart (Eds.), London-New York, Routledge, 2016.FOUCAULT, Michel. Una lectura de Kant: Introducción a la antropología en sentido pragmático. Traducción Ariel Dilon. Buenos Aires: Siglo veintiuno, 2013.FREMSTEDAL, Roe. Kierkegaard and Kant on Radical Evil and the Highest Good. Virtue, Happiness, and the kingdom of God, New York: Palgrave Macmillan , 2014._______. The concept of the highest good in Kierkegaard and Kant. Int J Philos Relig (2011) 69:155–171._______. The moral argument for the existence of God and immorality. Kierkegaard and Kant. Journal of Religious Ethics, Inc, JRE 41. (2013), pp. 50–78._______. The Moral Makeup of the World: Kierkegaard and Kant on the Relation between Virtue and Happiness in this World. Kierkegaard Studies Yearbook. N° 1 (2012), pp. 25-47.FRIEDMAN, R. Kant and Kierkegaard: the limits of the Reason and the cunning of faith. International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 19:3-22, pp. 3-22. _______. Kierkegaard: First Existentialist or last Kantian?. Religious Studies, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 18, Nº 2 (1982), pp. 159-170.FRIERSON, Patrick. R. Freedom and anthropology in Kant’s moral philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.GOUWENS, David. Kierkegaard as religious thinker. Cambridge: University Press, USA, 1996.GREEN, Ronald. Kant und Kierkegaard.The Hidden Debt. New York: State University New York Press, 1992.HELLER, Ágnes. Crítica a la Ilustración. Traducción Gustau Muñoz y José Ignacio López Soria. Barcelona: Ediciones Península, 1999.HEIDEGGER, Martin. Kant y el problema de la metafísica. Traducción Gred Ibscher Roth. México: Fondo de cultura económica, 2013.KANT, Immanuel. Antropología en sentido pragmático. Traducción José Gaos. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2014._______. La metafísica de las Costumbres. Traducción Adela Cortina Orts y Jesús Cornill Sancho. Madrid: Tecnos, 1994._______. Pedagogía. Traducción Lorenzo Luzuriaga y José Luis Pascal, Madrid: Akal, 2003.KIERKEGAARD, Soren. O lo uno o lo otro I. Traducción Bogonya Saez Tajafuerce y Darío González. Madrid: Trotta, 2006._______. O lo uno o lo otro II. Traducción Darío González. Madrid: Trotta, 2007._______. El concepto de angustia. Traducción Darío González y Óscar Parcero. Madrid: Trotta, 2013._______. En la espera de la fe, Traducción Luis Guerrero Martínez y Leticia Valadez. México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2005.KNAPPE, Ulrich. Theory and practice in Kant and Kierkegaard. (Kierkegaard studies. Monograph serie; 9), Copenhagen: Søren Kierkegaard Research Centre, 2004.KOSCH, Michelle. Freedom And Reason in Kant, Schelling and Kierkegaard. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006._______. Choosing Evil: Schelling, Kierkegaard, and the legacy of Kant's conception of Freedom. (Dissertation Philosophy). New York: Columbia University, 1999.LÖWITH, Karl. De Hegel a Nietzsche: La quiebra revolucionaria del pensamiento en el siglo XIX. Trad. Emilio Estiú. Buenos Aires: Katz, 2012.MOONEY, Edward. On Soren Kierkegaard, Dialogue, polemics, Lost Intimacy, and Time. Syracusa, Ashgate, 2007.MUENCH, Paul. Kierkegaard’s Socratic Task. (Dissertation). University of Pittsburgh, 2006.MUÑOZ FONNEGRA, Sergio. La elección ética. Sobre la crítica de Kierkegaard a la filosofía moral de Kant. Estudios filosóficos, Universidad de Antioquia, n. 41, pp. 81-109, 2010.NAES, Arnes. Kierkegaard and the values of education: Contribution to the Kierkegaard Conference of the International Institute of Philosophy, Copenhagen, 1966.NEGT, Oskar. Kant y Marx. Un diálogo entre épocas. Traducción Alejandro del Río. Madrid: Trotta, 2004.OLIVARES-BØGESKOV, Benjamín. El concepto de felicidad en las obras de Søren Kierkegaard: principios psicológicos en los estadios estéticos, ético y religioso. México: Universidad Iberoamericana, 2015._______. El concepto de felicidad en el estadio ético. La integración de la estética en la vida ética. La Mirada Kierkegaardiana. Nº 0, pp. 43-64, 2008.PECK, William. On Autonomy: The Primacy of the Subject in Kant and Kierkegaard. (Ph. D. Dissertation). Connecticut: Yale University, 1974.RODRÍGUEZ, Pablo. El descubrimiento de la libertad infinita. Kierkegaard y el pecado. El títere y el enano. Revista de Teología Crítica, Vol. 1, ISSN N°: 1853 – 0702, pp. 207-216, 2010.RODRÍGUEZ, Yésica; RODRÍGUEZ, Pablo; PEÑA ARROYAVE, Alejandro. El concepto de aburrimiento en Kierkegaard. Revista de Filosofía. Universidad Iberoamericana. Año 49, N° 142, ISSN: 0185-3481, pp. 97-118, 2017.RODRÍGUEZ, Yésica. Kierkegaard y Kant. Una interpretación del sí mismo a partir de la segunda ética kantiana. In: DIP, Patricia., RODRÍGUEZ, Pablo (Coord.) Orígenes y significado de la filosofía Poshegeliana. Buenos Aires, Gorla, 2017, pp. 113-139.STACK, George. Kierkegaard's Existential Ethics. Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1977.TORRALBA, Francesc. Poética de la libertad: Lectura de Kierkegaard. Madrid, Caparrós Editores, 1998.
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Magder, Sheldon, Alexandr Magder e Gordan Samoukovic. "Intracellular pH Regulation and the Acid Delusion". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 23 de dezembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2020-0631.
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The concentration H+ ([H+]) in intracellular fluid (ICF) must be maintained in a narrow range in all species for normal protein functions. Thus, mechanisms regulating ICF are of fundamental biological importance. Studies on the regulation of ICF [H+] have been hampered by use of pH notation,failure to consider the roles played by differences in the concentration of strong ions ( SID), the conservation of mass, the principle of electrical neutrality and that [H+] and [HCO3-] are dependent variables. This argument is based on the late Peter Stewart’s physical- chemical analysis of [H+] regulation reported in this journal nearly forty years ago. We start by outlining the principles of Stewart’s analysis and then provide a general understanding of its significance for regulation of ICF [H+]. The system may initially appear complex, but it becomes evident that changes in SID dominanate regulation of [H+]. The primary strong ions are Na+, K+ and Cl-, and a few organic strong anions. The second independent variable, PCO2, can easily be assessed. The third independent variable, the activity of intracellular weak acids ([Atot]), is much more complex but largely plays a modifying role. Attention to these principles potentially will provide new insights into ICF pH regulation.
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"Erratum: "Two Kinds of Skeptical Argument" by Stewart Cohen". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 58, n.º 2 (junho de 1998): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2653508.
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