Bibliografias temáticas / Spur

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Spur"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 21 de fevereiro de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Spur"

1

Tombesi, Sergio, Bruce D. Lampinen, Samuel Metcalf e Theodore M. DeJong. "Spur Fruit Set Is Negatively Related with Current-year Spur Leaf Area in Almond". HortScience 50, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2015): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.2.322.

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Almond spurs are known to be the primary bearing unit in almond tree and are subject to alternate bearing. Fruits are a strong sink in bearing spurs and can influence spur leaf growth. At the same time the percent of flowers that set fruit on a spur (spur relative fruit set) could be influenced by the competition among multiple flowers/fruits borne on the same spur as well as by limited leaf area on the same spur. The aim of the present work was to investigate the relationship between current-year spur leaf area and spur absolute and relative fruit set. Approximately 2400 spurs were tagged and followed over 6 years and data concerning spur leaf area, number of flowers per spur, and number of fruits per spur were collected. Spur leaf area was reduced in fruiting spurs in comparison with non-fruiting spurs according to the number of fruits borne by each spur. This phenomenon contributes to spur alternate bearing because spur flowering and survival in the next year are a function of the leaf area in the current year. Relative fruit set in almond appears to be negatively associated with current-year spur leaf area. Competition among fruits on the same spur did not appear to influence spur relative fruit set.
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Heerema*, Richard J., Ted M. De Jong e Steven A. Weinbaum. "Almond Spur Autonomy: Leaf Growth, Floral Initiation and Spur Survival". HortScience 39, n.º 4 (julho de 2004): 851B—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.851b.

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Spurs are the primary bearing unit in mature `Nonpareil' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) trees. Our objective was to determine whether almond spurs behave autonomously with respect to various biological activities throughout the season. If autonomous, a spur's carbohydrate demands are met primarily by its own leaves and, therefore, the sink to source ratio of the spur itself is expected to be closely linked to its growth and development. In these experiments almond spurs differing in leaf area and/or fruit number were monitored for leaf development, fruit set, floral initiation, spur survival and carbohydrate storage. Previous-season spur leaf area had no relation to the number of leaves preformed within the dormant vegetative bud or final spur leaf area in the current season, but spurs which fruited in the previous season began spring leaf expansion later and current-season spur fruiting was associated with lower spur leaf area. There was little or no relationship between final percentage fruit set at the spur level and spur leaf area in either the current or previous seasons. Current-season spur leaf area was positively related to both spur flower bud number and spur winter survival. Carbohydrate storage in dormant spurs increased with increasing previous-season spur leaf area. These data are consistent with the concept of spur autonomy especially with regards to spur activities late in the season. The relationships of some of these same spur parameters to spur light exposure are currently being investigated.
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Rom, Curt R., e Bruce Barritt. "Spur Development of `Delicious' Apple as Influenced by Position, Wood Age, Strain, and Pruning". HortScience 25, n.º 12 (dezembro de 1990): 1578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.12.1578.

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The role of spur leaves in bud and fruit development on two spur-type `Delicious' apple strains (Malus domestica Borkh.) and factors affecting spur development were studied. Reducing spur leaf area on vegetative spurs in August reduced the number of spurs that flowered the following year but did not affect flower size. On spurs that did flower, leaf area reduction the previous year did not influence leaf number or area, but the bourse shoot leaf area was reduced. Spur bud diameter, leaf area, size, specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf dry weight were larger on 2-year-old vegetative spurs than on 1- or 3-year-old spurs. Within each age section of a limb, spur leaf number, area, size, SLW, and bud diameter decreased from the apical to basal positions on the limb. Flower number did not vary within a limb section, but fruit set was lower on the most apical and basal spurs compared to midshoot spurs. Fruit size was largest at the apical end of each limb section and was smallest at basal positions. These relationships were not affected by strain, tree age, or orchard location. Summer pruning at 30 days after bloom tended to increase leaf number, area, size, and spur length compared to unpruned trees or pruning later in the season but did not influence spur bud diameter.
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Barritt, Bruce H., Curt R. Rom, Kurt R. Guelich, S. R. Drake e Marc A. Dilley. "Canopy Position and Light Effects on Spur, Leaf, and Fruit Characteristics of ‘Delicious’ Apple". HortScience 22, n.º 3 (junho de 1987): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.3.402.

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Abstract Spur leaf and fruit characteristics at harvest were measured near the central leader at 1, 2, and 3 m above ground on 17-year-old trees of ‘Oregon Spur Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Percentages of full sunlight at 1 (bottom), 2 (middle), and 3 m (top) positions were 9, 23, and 48, respectively. Vegetative spurs at the top had greater average leaf dry weight, total leaf number, leaf area, leaf dry weight per spur, specific leaf weight (SLW), and bud diameter than spurs at the bottom. Fruiting spurs at the top had greater leaf dry weight, leaf dry weight per spur, SLW, bud diameter, and spur length than spurs at the bottom. Vegetative spurs had greater values than fruiting spurs for all spur traits except leaf number per spur. Fruit weight, size, and soluble solids were greater at the top than at the bottom. Fruit at the bottom had higher firmness and levels of starch, N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, B, and Mg. SLW, leaf dry weight per spur, and average leaf dry weight of vegetative and fruiting spurs were correlated with percentage of full sunlight. Fruit size, weight, soluble solids, starch, and N content also were correlated with percentage of full sunlight. SLW was correlated with fruit size, weight, soluble solids, and starch, and N, P, Mg, Ca, and Fe content.
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Vaishnav, Dr Devanshi, Dr Dipali Trivedi e Dr Jyoti Bhardwaj. "Study of calcaneal spur and its correlation with the talar articular facets of calcanei". December 2022 14, n.º 2 (10 de dezembro de 2022): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines20221220.

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Background & aims: A spur is bony outgrowth at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon into bone. The aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of calcaneal spur in relation to morphological variations of talar articular facets of calcaneus. Material & Method: Study comprised of 350 dry adult calcanei of unknown age and sex from Department of Anatomy, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad. Calcanei were classified according to its talar articular facets and compare its relation with the calcaneal spur. Result: Out of the 350 calcanei 128 presented with spurs among them planter spur in 21.4%; dorsal spur in 10.2% and both spurs in 4.8%. Maximum incidence of calcaneal spurs were found in Type 1 calcanei 75% followed by 17.96% in Type 2, 7% in Type 3 and 0.7% in type 4. Conclusion: Calcaneal spurs are related to type of calcanei with the highest frequency in Type 1 and least in Type 4. Anatomical knowledge of the correlation between calcaneal spur and type of calcaneus may be of significant clinical interest to foot and ankle surgeons in clinical practice. Keywords: Dorsal spur, plantar spur, talar articular facets.
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Rom, Curt R., e David C. Ferree. "The Influence of Fruiting and Shading of Spurs and Shoots on Spur Performance". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 111, n.º 3 (maio de 1986): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.111.3.352.

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Abstract Leaves of spurs and/or shoots of small fruiting ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apple trees were exposed to light or shade treatments from 60 days after petal fall until fruit maturity. Shading spurs reduced spur leaf photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr), but shading shoots had no effect on spur leaf Pn. There was no difference between fruiting and nonfruiting spur Pn and Tr. Shading shoots reduced fruit growth and delayed maturity, but shading spurs had no effect on either. Fruiting reduced—but did not eliminate—spur flowering the following year. Light conditions late in the season had no effect on flowering or spur leaf development the following spring.
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Arshad, Z., A. Ammar, M. Arshad, T. M. Mirza, T. Arshad, D. Arshad e M. Amjad. "Association between Achilles and Plantar Calcaneal Spur in Pakistani Population Presenting with Pain". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, n.º 6 (30 de junho de 2021): 1259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211561259.

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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and associationbetween Achilles and plantar calcaneal spurs in Pakistani population. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the radiology department Combined Military Hospital Lahore from October 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty five patients were enrolled. The age and sex of the patients were recorded. Lateral foot and/ or ankle radiographs were evaluated for presence of calcaneal spurs. Results:Mean age 38 years.There were 268 (80%) males and 67 (20%) females. 30.7% patients had a calcaneal spur in our population irrespective of age and gender. 13% patients had both posterior and inferior calcaneal spurs. There was higher prevalence of inferior calcaneal spur irrespective of age and gender.Posterior calcaneal spur was seen in 20% of males and in 15% of females. A total of 44 (68%) patients with posterior plantar spur were found to have a concomitant inferior calcaneal spur.Inferior calcaneal spur was seen in 25% of males and in 28% of females and positive correlation between posterior and inferior calcaneal spurs. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of calcaneal spurs, which increases with advances of age. Inferior calcaneal spurs tend to be more prevalent in females. Furthermore, there is a significant association between the presence of posterior calcaneal spurs and the concomitant inferior calcaneal spurs. Key words: Achilles, Plantar, Calcaneal, Spur
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Robinson, Terence L., e Zhongbo Ren. "EFFECTS OF CHRONIC SHADE AND FOLIAR NUTRIENT SPRAYS ON APPLE SPUR VIGOR AND PERFORMANCE". HortScience 25, n.º 9 (setembro de 1990): 1113c—1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1113c.

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Eleven year-old Empire/M.7 apple trees were shaded continously for 4 years with half-tree shading cages. Shading reduced primary spur leaf duration, bourse shoot leaf area, specific leaf weight, spur diameter and bud diameter. Over the four years, shaded spurs continued to increase in length but spur diameter increased very little resulting in long and brittle spurs. However, shaded spurs continued to flower and set fruit. Leaf area development was similar inside and outside the cages at one week after bloom but by 2 weeks after bloom, spurs inside the cages had significantly lower leaf area. Shading reduced fruit set, fruit size, fruit color, fruit soluble solids and fruit dry matter. Fruit growth rate was reduced by shading early in the season but was no different than the unshaded controls by 4 weeks after full bloom.In an attempt to reverse the negative effects of shading on spur vigor, foliar urea, zinc-EDTA and solubor were sprayed 3 times during the early growing season each year. Rather than increasing spur leaf area, foliar nutrient sprays significantly reduced bourse shoot leaf area and did not increase the duration of primary spur leaves. Although foliar nutrients reduced total spur leaf area, they improved fruit size, color and soluble solids slightly.
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Travers, Steven E., Ethan J. Temeles e Irvin Pan. "The relationship between nectar spur curvature in jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) and pollen removal by hummingbird pollinators". Canadian Journal of Botany 81, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2003): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-014.

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Floral nectar spurs are hypothesized to have had a major role in the evolution of floral diversity and plant-pollinator coadaptation. We examined variation in the degree of nectar spur curvature in two species of jewelweed (Impatiens capensis and Impatiens pallida) pollinated by different sets of pollinators. To distinguish between adaptive and nonadaptive explanations for between-species differences in curvature, we determined the relationship between spur curvature and pollen removal, which is one estimate of male reproductive success. Spur curvature exhibited considerable variation both within and among three populations, with spur angles ranging from 0° to 297°. A greenhouse experiment determined that spur curvature of I. capensis flowers has a broad-sense heritability of 0.636. Laboratory experiments indicated that flowers having recurved spurs deposit significantly more pollen grains on hummingbird visitors than flowers having perpendicular spurs, apparently as a result of greater contact between the androecium of curve-spurred flowers and the upper bill of hummingbirds. We also found a significant relationship between spur curvature and flower length, suggesting a developmental link between the two traits. We discuss the degree of spur curvature in bird-pollinated I. capensis as a function of both adaptive evolution and developmental constraint.Key words: pollination, nectar spurs, hummingbirds, Impatiens capensis, Impatiens pallida, pollen export, floral morphology, floral polymorphisms.
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Roper, Teryl R., Wayne H. Loescher, John Keller e Curt R. Rom. "Sources of Photosynthate for Fruit Growth in ‘Bing’ Sweet Cherry". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, n.º 5 (setembro de 1987): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.5.808.

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Abstract Source–sink relationships in sweet cherry were altered by girdling limbs both above and below fruiting spurs. Spurs isolated by girdling both above and below had lower total fruit weight per spur and lower weight per fruit then those above or below girdles. Fruit number per spur was not altered, but soluble solids and fruit color were lower in fruits from isolated spurs than fruit from spurs either above or below girdles. Fruit on spurs above girdles were generally highest in soluble solids and fruit color. These factors indicate fruit on isolated spurs also were delayed in maturity. Spurs below girdles were unaffected by girdling. Girdling had no effect on spur leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, or fruit water loss rate. The results indicate that spur leaves alone do not have the capacity to support fruit growth in sweet cherry and must, therefore, be supplemented by photosynthates from other sources.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Spur"

1

Flodin, Anders. "Wear of spur and helical gears". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Machine Design, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2986.

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Meissner, Birgit. "Dem teuersten Gemälde auf der Spur". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-60953.

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In der SLUB Dresden wird durch die DFG u. a. das Sondersammelgebiet „Zeitgenössische Kunst seit 1945“ gefördert. Ende Juli haben sich mehrere StudentInnen zu einem Workshop angemeldet: „Dem teuersten Gemälde der Welt auf der Spur“. Bei diesem Workshop werden von den Teilnehmern Kataloge und Datenbanken auf Informationen zu Jackson Pollock und zu dem sensationellen Verkauf seines Bildes abgefragt. Vor allem soll geprüft werden, wie zeitaufwändig die Suche in verschiedenen Datenbanken und Katalogen ist.
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Ozturk, Fatih Mehmet. "Optimum Design Of Multistep Spur Gearbox". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606749/index.pdf.

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Optimum design of multistep gearbox, since many high-performance power transmission applications (e.g., automotive, space industry) require compact volume, has become an important interest area. This design application includes more complicated problems that are not taken into account while designing single stage gear drives. Design applications are generally made by trial and error methods depending on the experience and the intuition of the designer. In this study, using Visual Basic 6.0, an interactive program is developed for designing multistep involute standard and nonstandard spur gearbox according to the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) Standards 218.01 and 2001- B88. All the equations for calculating the pitting resistance geometry factor I, and the bending strength geometry factor J, are valid for external spur gears that are generated by rack-type tools (rack cutters or hobs). The program is made for twostage to six-stage gear drives, which are commonly used in the industry. Compactness of gear pairs and gearbox, and equality of factor of safety against bending failure is taken as the design objective. By considering the total required gear ratio, the number of reduction stages is input by the user. Gear ratios of every stage is distributed to the stages according to the total gear ratio that satisfies the required precision (from ±
0.1 to ±
0.00001 on overall gear ratio) depending on the user selected constraints (unequal gear ratio for every stage, noninteger gear ratio e.g.). Dimensional design is determined by considering bending stress, pitting stress, and involute interference constraints. These steps are carried out iteratively until a desirable solution is acquired. The necessary parameters for configuration design such as number of teeth, module, addendum modification coefficient, are selected from previously determined gear pairs that satisfies the constraints by user interaction considering the performance criterion from the developed program. The positions of gears and shafts are determined automatically in order to keep the volume of gearbox as minimum while satisfying the nonlinear spatial constraints (center distance constraint for proper meshing of gear pairs, face distance constraint for proper assembly of pinion and gear having same shaft, gear interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears, shaft interference constraint for preventing interferences between gears and shafts) by using DLL (Dynamic Link Library) technology of Lingo 8.0 optimization software together with Visual Basic 6.0. If shaft interference constraint is removed then cantilevered mounting of gear pairs would also be possible, otherwise the gears should be mounted between bearings. Visual output of assembly is made by using Autodesk Inventor 7.0, automatically by the program.
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Petry-Johnson, Travis T. "Experimental investigation of spur gear efficiency". Connect to resource, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1209585550.

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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko e G. Tkachenko. "Spur of competition to meet economic crisis". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16935.

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To support competition on the national level we suggest realizing of the following measures: providing of tax remissions to the most competitive producers, supporting innovations and subsidizing of the most efficient innovative projects throught open competition, diffusion of the policy of attracting skilled workers with high educational level, realization of government projects through organization competition credits at the interest rates. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16935
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Bommisetty, Venkata Satya Naga Karthik. "FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SPUR GEAR SET". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1337268681.

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Kneer, Markus. "Die dunkle Spur im Denken : Rationalität und Antijudaismus /". Paderborn : F. Schöningh, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39048335v.

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Reinboth, Judith, Frank Britsche e Werner Schneider. "Jüdischen Musikern in Leipzig auf der Spur: Didaktische Materialien: Pädagogische Handreichung zum „Notenbogen-Entdeckerpass – Jüdischen Musikern in Leipzig auf der Spur“". Notenspur Leipzig e.V, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A35859.

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Der Notenbogen-Entdeckerpass für Kinder und Jugendliche, der Möglichkeiten eröffnet, zu jüdischen Musikern in Leipzig zu forschen, Neues zu entdecken, der Notenspur zu folgen und viele weitere Impulse gibt, steht seit einiger Zeit zur Verfügung. Nun gilt es, die Kinder und Jugendlichen zu unterstützen, sowohl im schulischen Kontext als auch durch Freizeiteinrichtungen, bei denen die kulturelle Bildung im Mittelpunkt steht. Zum Entdeckerpass gibt es jetzt die vorliegende Handreichung. Sie beinhaltet didaktische Hinweise für ausgewählte Stationen, zahlreiche Arbeitsblätter als Kopiervorlagen für Schülerinnen und Schüler, Stadtrallyes mit handlungsorientierten Aufgaben für eine Exkursion oder einen Projekttag. Ebenso enthalten sind ein Lernquiz und Arbeitsblätter mit vertiefenden Quellen zum entdeckenden, biografischen Lernen für vier ausgewählte jüdische Musiker, die alle einen Bezug zu Leipzig hatten. Die handlungsorientierten Aufgaben, unter anderem kreative Ideen für Gedenktafeln, Straßeninterviews, fiktive Stadtführungen, dienen nicht nur der Wissensreproduktion, sondern haben das Ziel, eine Auseinandersetzung und Reflexion zu befördern. Somit kann auf das umfassende und vielfältige Angebot der Stadt Leipzig zugegriffen werden und die Nutzer erleben eine lebendige und partizipative Erinnerungskultur.
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Boberg, Elin. "Evolution of Spur Length in a Moth-pollinated Orchid". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekologisk botanik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113086.

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There is considerable evidence that pollinator shifts can explain many differences in flower morphology between closely related plant species, but the extent to which pollinator shifts can explain the maintenance of among-population variation in floral traits within species is poorly known. In this thesis, I combined comparative and experimental approaches to examine the evolution of floral traits in the moth-pollinated orchid Platanthera bifolia. More specifically, I investigated (1) the relationship between flower and pollinator morphology, (2) phenotypic selection on morphology and phenology in populations in contrasting environments, (3) components of prezygotic reproductive isolation among divergent populations, and (4) the adaptive and functional significance of two correlated floral traits. A study of Scandinavian of P. bifolia populations revealed that spur length was positively correlated with proboscis length of local pollinators, which suggests that variation in spur length reflects adaptive evolution in response to geographically variable pollinator-mediated selection. A phenotypic selection study on Öland, SE Sweden, suggested that disruptive selection on spur length contributes to the maintenance of a bimodal distribution of spur length in mixed habitats, but provided very limited evidence of divergent selection on plant morphology and flowering phenology in grassland and woodland habitats. Field experiments revealed strong reproductive isolation between divergent populations on Öland, due to differences in spatial distribution, flowering phenology, and pollinators, and among-population incompatibility. The results suggest that prezygotic reproductive isolation contributes to the maintenance of population differentiation in floral traits in P. bifolia. A field manipulation experiment demonstrated that spur length but not perianth size affects pollination success and seed production. This suggests that among-population differentiation in perianth size may be the result of a genetic correlation with spur length. Taken together, the results of this thesis suggest that pollinator-mediated selection can shape the evolution of intraspecific floral variation.
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Chitta, Sudeendra. "Elastohydrodynamic lubrication in spur gear and helical gear contacts". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-151246.

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The gears in a transmission are lubricated to prevent their premature failure as a result of pitting and wear on the tooth surfaces. Furthermore, the lubricant also limits the rise in surface temperature of the gears, which could otherwise lead to failure as a result of scuffing. The purpose of this thesis was to construct a fairly realistic theoretical lubrication model for spur and helical gears, the primary output parameters of this model being film thickness and flash temperatures, which would help in the identification of areas on the gear tooth surface prone to the aforementioned modes of failure. This thesis was carried out at the Gear Technology group in Scania CV AB in collaboration with the department of machine design at KTH. Gear lubrication is tricky as it entails the determination of parameters such as loads, curvatures, and velocities; which are different along the entire surface of the gear tooth. Primarily the loads are hard to obtain as they are dynamic in nature; the load is shared between different pairs of teeth during motion. The calculation of velocities and curvatures in an area of the gear surface called the tip relief can also not be done in a straightforward manner. These issues were simplified to a large extent with the assistance of a program called Helical 3D; owing to its powerful contact analysis algorithm, values of the film thickness and flash temperatures could be determined in almost every region where contact occurred between the gear teeth. The results of the lubrication model showed a reduction in film thickness in the tip relief area of the gear tooth surface; which meant that there were higher chances for the incidence of pitting and wear in this region. This was later confirmed when photographs from experimental tests illustrated a pitting line in the tip relief region of the helical gear. It was also inferred from the model that the occurrence of pitting could be greatly reduced if a quadratic tip relief modification were applied when compared to the existing linear modification used at Scania. Another important conclusion drawn was that thermal effects contributed to a significant decrease in the film thickness. Furthermore, the model showed higher flash temperatures close to the tip of the gear tooth surface, and photographs from experiments conducted showed the prescence of scuffing marks there.
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Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Spur"

1

Hot spur. London: Robert Hale, 2006.

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2

Steele, Tex. Vengeance spur. South Yarmouth, Mass., USA: J. Curley, 1989.

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3

Wardman, Gordon. Crispin's spur. London: Secker & Warburg, 1985.

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4

Wardman, Gordon. Crispin's spur. London: Secker & Warburg, 1985.

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5

1930-2017, Irving Clifford, ed. Spur: Roman. Bern: Scherz, 1997.

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6

Hirt, Manfred Christian Otto. Stresses in spur gear teeth and their strength as influenced by fillet radius: Doctorate dissertation. Arlington, Va: American Gear Manufacturers Association, 1985.

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7

Litvin, F. L. Spur gears: Optimal geometry, methods for generation and tooth contact analysis (TCA) program. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.

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8

Tompkins, Walker A. The golden spur. Hampton Falls, N.H: Sagebrush Large Print Westerns, 2000.

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9

The broken spur. Bath, England: Chivers Press, 1991.

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10

Fletcher, Dirk. Hang Spur McCoy. Bath: Chivers, 1987.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Spur"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Spur". In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 693. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11096.

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Heppner, John B., David B. Richman, Steven E. Naranjo, Dale Habeck, Christopher Asaro, Jean-Luc Boevé, Johann Baumgärtner et al. "Spur". In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 3531. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4353.

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Errichello, Robert. "Spur Gears". In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3231–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_15.

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Rao, J. S. "Spur Gears". In Kinematics of Machinery Through HyperWorks, 187–228. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1156-3_6.

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Wagner, Silvan. "Spur, Fährte". In Literarische Orte in deutschsprachigen Erzählungen des Mittelalters, editado por Tilo Renz, Monika Hanauska e Mathias Herweg, 488–501. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050093918-036.

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Ugural, Ansel C. "Spur Gears". In Mechanical Engineering Design, 425–66. 3a ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003251378-14.

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Hargitai, Henrik. "Spur and Gully". In Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms, 1–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_634-1.

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Manshausen, Udo. "Die Ich-Spur". In Wüstenväter für Manager, 65–77. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-86483-3_6.

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Kerler, Frieder. "Spur, Rekonstruktion, Medium". In Medien & Bildung, 279–89. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-92082-5_18.

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der Wissenschaft, Wegbereiter. "Günter Spur (*1928)". In “The shoulders on which we stand”-Wegbereiter der Wissenschaft, 162–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18916-6_41.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Spur"

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Bebenita, Michael, Florian Brandner, Manuel Fahndrich, Francesco Logozzo, Wolfram Schulte, Nikolai Tillmann e Herman Venter. "SPUR". In the ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1869459.1869517.

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Osakue, Edward E. "Simplified Spur Gear Design". In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65426.

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A simplified design method (SDM) for spur gears is presented. The Hertz contact stress and Lewis root bending stress capacity models for spur gears have been reformulated and formatted into simplified forms. A scheme is suggested for estimating the AGMA J-factor in Lewis root bending stress for spur gears from a single curve for both pinion and gear instead of the conventional two curves. A service load factor is introduced in gear design that accounts for different conventional rated load modifier factors. It represents a magnification factor for the rated load in a gear design problem. Two design examples are considered for applications of the stress capacity models. In Example 1, the Hertz contact stress of the SDM deviates from AGMA value by 1.95%. The variance in Example 2 between the contact stress of the SDM and FEM is 1.184% while that between SDM and AGMA is 0.09%. The root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for the pinion in Example 1 differs by 1.44% and that for the gear by 6.59%. The difference between the root bending stress of AGMA and SDM for pinion and gear in Example 2 is 0.18%. These examples suggest that the new simplified method gives results that compare very favorably with both AGMA and FEM solutions. The simplified method developed is recommended mainly for preliminary design when quick but reliable solutions are sought.
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Vantsevich, Vladimir V. "Spur Bevel Differential Dynamics". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1218.

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Ho, Cheng-Ru, e Mike Shuo-Wei Chen. "10.5 A digital PLL with feedforward multi-tone spur cancelation loop achieving −73dBc fractional spur and −110dBc Reference Spur in 65nm CMOS". In 2016 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2016.7417971.

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Lerach, Lothar. "Integrated Circuits Spur Digital Telecommunication". In 11th European Solid State Circuits Conference. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esscirc.1985.5468174.

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Faggioni, M., F. Pellicano, A. Andrisano e G. Bertacchi. "Dynamic Optimization of Spur Gears". In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34658.

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This paper presents a global optimization method able to find gear profile modifications that minimize vibrations. A non linear dynamic model is used to study the vibrational behavior; the dynamic model is validated using data available in literature. The optimization method takes into account the influence of torque levels both on the static and the dynamic response. Therefore, two different objective functions are considered; the first one is based on static analysis and the second one is based on the dynamic behavior of a lumped mass system. The procedure can find the optimal profile modification that reduce the vibrations over a wide range of operating conditions. In order to reduce the computational cost, a Random-Simplex optimization algorithm is developed; the optimum reliability is also estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The approach shows good performances both for the computational efficiency and the reliability of results.
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SAVAGE, M., B. MACKULIN, H. COE e J. COY. "Maximum life spur gear design". In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2021.

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Vusal, Ahmadov. "Does remittance spur economic growth?" In The European Union’s Contention in the Reshaping Global Economy. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/eucrge.2022.10.

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Worker remittances are the second largest source of external finance for developing countries after FDIs, which has increased interest in measuring their effect on economic growth in underdeveloped economies. In this study, I analyze the causal relationship between remittances and economic growth in two post-socialist countries - Armenia and Georgia, which experienced significant emigration after the collapse of socialism. To minimize endogeneity problems, I employ POLS (pooled ordinary least squares) and FE (fixed effects) estimations in assessing the effects of remittance on economic growth. Data set covers the 1997-2019 period. Results show that remittances have a positive effect on economic growth in these small post-socialist economies.
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Elsayed, Mohamed, Mohammed Abdul-Latif e Edgar Sanchez-Sinencio. "A Spur-Frequency-Boosting PLL with a −74dBc reference-spur rejection in 90nm digital CMOS". In 2011 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium (RFIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfic.2011.5940706.

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Chu, Peng, Wei Hong e Ke Wu. "A novel Spur Stepped Impedance Resonator". In 2013 IEEE International Wireless Symposium (IWS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieee-iws.2013.6616733.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Spur"

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Horne, Peter. New Metaphors Spur Innovation. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, março de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp03-07-13cc.

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Wood, David A., Susan J. Eggers e Garth Gibson. SPUR Memory System Architecture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, janeiro de 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619784.

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Kortum, Samuel, e Josh Lerner. Does Venture Capital Spur Innovation? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dezembro de 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6846.

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Bekaert, Geert, Campbell Harvey e Christian Lundblad. Does Financial Liberalization Spur Growth? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, abril de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8245.

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Gorodnichenko, Yuriy, Jan Svejnar e Katherine Terrell. Does Foreign Entry Spur Innovation? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, setembro de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21514.

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Hombert, Johan, Antoinette Schoar, David Sraer e David Thesmar. Can Unemployment Insurance Spur Entrepreneurial Activity? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w20717.

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Coe, Harold H. Spur-Gear Optimization Using SPUROPT Computer Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241379.

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Jensen, Debby. Control Implementation for the SPUR Floating Point Coprocessor. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada604004.

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Langer, Ashley, e Derek Lemoine. Designing Dynamic Subsidies to Spur Adoption of New Technologies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, fevereiro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24310.

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Bibel, G. D., S. K. Reddy, M. Savage e R. F. Handschuh. Effects of Rim Thickness on Spur Gear Bending Stress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, junho de 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239500.

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