Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Spectroscopie RMN à l'état solide"
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Chandrappa, Ravi Kumar. "Caractérisation de formulations pharmaceutiques par RMN de l'état solide : polymorphisme et déformulation". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0058.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis reports on the use of solid-state NMR in the quality control of pharmaceutical formulations. Polymorphism structural studies were done on two active principle components of pharmaceutical drugs, Xaliproden and Irbesartan. A process of deformulation is proposed and validated, aiming at controlling drug quality and detecting counterfeits. The effects of processing on the stability of the drugs and the individual ingredients are followed and described by use of high-resolution NMR techniques. Finally, the quantitative aspects of the NMR measurements by 13C CPMAS techniques are investigated. Common techniques are evaluated for 13C enriched or naturally abundant samples, and another method is proposed in view of these applications
Bernard, Geneviève. "Étude de substituts et de lipides cutanés par spectroscopie RMN à l'état solide, infrarouge et Raman". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19476.
Texto completo da fonteTruflandier, Lionel. "Détermination de paramètres RMN par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité : application aux éléments 3d en RMN de l'état solide". Nante, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2083.
Texto completo da fonteBesides Zeeman levels perturbation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) applied to solid state allows the observation of numerous coupling interactions that are not accessible in liquid state. Despite sequential developments for high resolution measurements, interpretation of resonance spectra remains delicate. .
Bernard, Geneviève. "Étude de susbtituts et de lipides cutanés par spectroscopies RMN à l'état solide, infrarouge et Raman". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24952/24952.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSchahl, Adrien. "Interactions polysaccharides-lipides : étude théorique et expérimentale combinant calculs de dynamique moléculaire, calculs quantiques de spectres RMN 13C et RMN 13C à l'état solide". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30178.
Texto completo da fontePolysaccharide-lipid interactions now form a vast domain of study, of particular interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries. We already know that amylose, an essentially linear polysaccharide composed of [alpha 1→4]-linked glucose moieties, can form helices around small hydrophobic molecules and lipidic chains. These helical structures are called V polymorphs and their study may allow the development of new ways to deliver bioactive compounds, or of new vaccine adjuvants. This type of interaction might also be found in other biological systems, such as in the capsule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indeed, this external layer covering the bacillus is composed mostly of a large branched polysaccharide analogous to amylose, called alpha-glucan, but it also contains numerous lipids, such as phtiocerol dimycocerosates or trehalose dimycolates, known to be virulence factors of the mycobacterium. Demonstration of the existence of such interactions and their study may lead to a better understanding of the capsule and its biological functions. This manuscript describes a study combining theoretical and experimental methods to characterize the interactions amongst amylose complexes formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids and in systems composed of branched polysaccharides. The first part of this work describes two purely theoretical studies on amylose complexed with palmitic acid and on amylose double helices called B polymorphs. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and calculations of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) parameters at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, we were able to define the minimum number of glucose residues needed to former a stable V polymorph around a palmitic acid molecule. We could also show that the number of residues has a direct impact on the calculation of NMR parameters and that it is crucial to consider the dynamic behavior of these polymers to obtain results that fit well to experimental data. Regarding the B polymorph, we showed that it is essential/necessary to consider the periodic conditions of the system to be able to characterize two different residue positions, as has been observed experimentally. To the best of our knowledge, no V polymorph has been characterized in the presence of lipids composed of several lipidic chains. The second part of this manuscript describes several such complexes, formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids composed of 1, 2 or 4 lipidic chains, and their analysis by solid-state NMR. We elaborated a model describing the different equilibria implicated in the complexation process and could demonstrate that the primary structure of the lipids was one of the key factors. [...]
Yaakoub, Mfeddel. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxo-carboxylates de titane (IV) par diffraction des RX et RMN en solution ou à l'état solide". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/YAAKOUB_Mfeddel_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis is devoted to a structural study of some titanium(IV) oxocarboxylate species synthesized by reacting titanium(IV) alkoxides with various carboxylic acids. The manuscript is made of three parts describing results obtained with saturated, unsaturated and halogenated carboxylic acids respectively. A new nomenclature is proposed allowing to classify with logic and rigor all the structures described both in literature and in this thesis. All the reported new compounds (a grand total of 27) were characterized through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and structurally described. Another major improvement was to perform in each case a detailed NMR study involving a wide range of techniques : solution NMR (1H and 13C), solid-sate NMR with cross-polarization and magic angle spinning (13C CP-MAS) as well 2D spectroscopies such as 1H DOSY and 1H-1H COSY. It was thus possible to check the stability or instability of the structures observed in the solid state after dissolution of crytalline species in CDCl3
Ouellet, Marise. "Étude des mécanismes de perturbation membranaire de peptides amphiphiles par spectroscopies de RMN à l'état solide et infrarouge". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24965/24965.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePorcino, Marianna. "La spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide : un outil pour la caractérisation des systèmes poreux de délivrance de médicaments". Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3054.
Texto completo da fonteDrug delivery systems (DDSs) are formulations used to improve the performance of drugs with low efficacy and safety. Nanosized porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising drug carriers, as large amount of drug can be incorporated in their pores and their surface can be coated with specific ligand, increasing their stability and efficacy. Analysis of the structure of a DDS is an essential step to guide the synthesis efforts towards particles with improved properties. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is uniquely suited to study these supramolecular assemblies as it provides information at the atomic scale about drug location, drug-carrier interaction, and carrier structure and about the process of degradation, which allows the delivery of the drug. In this thesis, we have explored the potential of ssNMR spectroscopy associated to, when required, isotope labeling for the in-depth characterization of selected MOF-based DDSs. A particular focus was put on the use of heteronuclei (19F, 27Al, 31P, 13C, 17O) that are present in the drug and/or the carrier, and which, at the cost of severe sensitivity drop, provide much more information than 1H nucleus
Ziarelli, Fabio. "Applications et développements des méthodes de résonance magnetique nucléaire haute résolution à l'état solide pour les matériaux organiques et inorganiques". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11004.
Texto completo da fonteMatthes, de Schwalmstadt Jochen. "Utilisation de la spectroscopie RMN à l'état gazeux, liquide et solide pour l'étude de la mobilité du dihydrogène et de l'interaction hydrogène métal dans des complexes des métaux de transition". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30044.
Texto completo da fonteSaito, Kazuko. "Analyse quantitative par RMN de l'état solide C-13 par polarisation croisée et en rotation à l'angle magique "CPMAS" de formulations galéniques en vue de l'identification de contrefaçons". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011VERS0003.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis undertakes a reinvestigation of the solid state NMR CPMAS measurement for pharmaceutical materials, in order to assess their quality: original drugs, generics of counterfeits. The pulse sequence RAMP-CPMAS was revisited in order to evaluate its performances for quantification. Combining RAMP-CPMAS with a forced return to equilibrium with a “flip-back” pulse allows obtaining a measurement in a reasonable and constant time, suppressing one of the limitations for the implementation of solid state NMR in the industry. All the parameters of the magetization transfert du ring CPMAS can therefore be under experimental control, including those described to be intrinsically sample dependent, , TCH et T1, by using a good choice of experimental parameters. Therefore, CPMAS measurement can be made quantitative. Base upon these results, recommandations for quantitative measurements are suggested for different types of situations
Dumez, Jean-Nicolas. "Many body dynamics in nuclear spin diffusion". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657067.
Texto completo da fonteHamdouna, Lama. "Caractérisation RMN et activité antimicrobienne de complexes organométalliques préparés par mécanosynthèse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR048.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe extensive use of solvents in modern chemical synthesis has posed significant economic and environmental challenges. To address these concerns, it is crucial to reduce solvent usage and embrace eco-friendly synthesis methods. One promising solution to these challenges is mechanochemical synthesis, which employs mechanical forces to drive chemical reactions without traditional solvents. However, many aspects of the reaction mechanisms involved in mechanochemistry remain poorly understood. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy, capable of providing atomic-level resolution, holds great promise in unraveling the mechanisms of mechanochemical reactions. In this dissertation, we applied ssNMR spectroscopy to investigate the mechanochemical synthesis of transition metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes through the weak base approach. These complexes, such as [Cu(Cl)(NHC)], [Ag(Cl)(NHC)], and [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)], have applications in catalysis and as anti-infective coatings for medical devices. Our research primarily focuses on exploring the impact of different workup protocols used during the preparation of these complexes. To explore these processes, we conducted a series of multinuclear ssNMR experiments, involving spin-1/2 (1H, 13C, 15N, 109Ag) and quadrupolar (35Cl, 63Cu) nuclei, at static magnetic field strengths of 9.4, 18.8, and 28.2 T. This approach allowed us to monitor the consumption of reactants and the formation of intermediate and final products across various synthetic routes and workup protocols. We leveraged the high resolution and sensitivity offered by a 1.2 GHz NMR magnet to observe isotopes subject to substantial quadrupolar interactions, such as 35Cl and 63Cu. Signal assignment in the NMR spectra was achieved through 2D heteronuclear correlation techniques in conjunction with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations of NMR parameters. Additionally, we complemented our ssNMR studies with techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrational spectroscopy. Moreover, we extended our investigation to the mechanochemical synthesis of chalcogen-NHC derivatives, specifically thioureas (NHC=S) and selenoureas (NHC=Se), known for their unique electronic properties and biological activities. Using multinuclear ssNMR experiments, including spin-1/2 (1H, 13C, 15N, 77Se) and quadrupolar (33S) nuclei at static magnetic fields of 9.4 and 18.8T, along with DFT calculations of NMR parameters, we unveiled the mechanisms underlying these transformations. Our findings unequivocally confirm that the studied transition metal-NHC complexes and chalcogen-NHC derivatives are indeed formed in the solid state during ball milling, dispelling any doubts regarding solvent-driven reactions during subsequent workup or characterization. However, this assertion does not apply to the [Rh(acac)(CO)(NHC)] complexes, where mechanical forces during ball milling facilitated the reaction but necessitated the presence of solvents to complete it. Additionally, our study identified intermediate compounds, unreacted reagents, and by-products, providing a comprehensive understanding of the reaction outcomes. In conclusion, our research provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of mechanochemical processes and highlights the potential of ssNMR spectroscopy as a powerful technique for investigating and optimizing sustainable synthesis routes. This work contributes to the development of environmentally friendly and economically viable methods for chemical synthesis, addressing the pressing challenges posed by solvent usage in modern chemistry
Kunjir, Shrikant. "Study of new porous materials by NMR". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC211/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe zeolites are ‘molecular sieves’ known for their numerous applications in adsorption, ion exchange, and catalysis. In this thesis, we focused on the study of some questions related to zeolite synthesis and post-synthesis, which are not yet resolved by other techniques. NMR was the primary tool in this work, as it gives access to local structural information on nanocrystals even when diffraction techniques found their limits. NMR can also be used to study porosity using probe molecules adsorption, and in particular, xenon is known as a good molecule for this purpose. Indeed, the isotope 129Xe can be hyperpolarized to increase the detection sensitivity, and interestingly it presents a wide chemical shift range depending on its confinement and thus the porosity of studied material. Two studies are reported in this manuscript: (i) In the first study, the initial steps during the crystallization of nano-faujasite (FAU) type materials were investigated using classical NMR (mainly by 29Si and 23Na MAS NMR) and advanced NMR (129Xe HP NMR). It was shown that crystallization starts at much earlier synthesis stages than those observed by other classical techniques (XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption…). The first SBU seems to be the hexagonal prisms, prior to the sodalite cages, which rapidly form confined environment and then supercages. Moreover, it has been proved by 129Xe HP NMR and 2D EXSY that nano-faujasite zeolite presents opened sodalite cages and a more flexible structure than in micro-faujasite zeolite. (ii) The second study is an investigation on the recrystallization phenomena occurring during hierarchization process of zeolite and which could explain the homogenous distribution of the mesopore sizes. As a remarkable result, it has been shown in this work that during the hierarchization of beta zeolite with TPAOH, the recrystallization lead to the formation of tiny MFI particles, formed at the surface of the mesopores (1H MAS NMR, 129Xe HP NMR and 2D EXSY)
Kolokolov, Daniil. "Dynamique d'espèces adsorbées dans des matériaux poreux étudiée par ²H NMR et spectroscopie neutronique". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833374.
Texto completo da fonteZagdoun, Alexandre. "Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation Surface Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065554.
Texto completo da fonteShamo, Eashow. "Experimental study and modelling of N-A-S-H geopolymer products". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASF005.
Texto completo da fonteThe environmental challenges of conventional concrete production have intensified the search for sustainable alternatives, with geopolymers emerging as a promising solution. Sodium aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels, the primary binding phase in sodium-based geopolymers, offer significant potential for reducing carbon emissions and immobilizing radioactive waste. This thesis aims to enhance the understanding of N-A-S-H gels by exploring their structure and properties through a combination of experimental and numerical methods, broadening their applicability across diverse fields. A literature review revealed that while research has focused on achieving a pure N-A-S-H phase for characterization, progress has been limited, particularly in achieving the high degree of condensation typically observed in sodium-based geopolymers. Additionally, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed in recent studies, key questions regarding the atomic structure and the role of water integration in stable N-A-S-H gels remain unresolved. This research successfully synthesized pure, homogeneous N-A-S-H gels with a high degree of geopolymerization, representative of sodium-based geopolymers. Extensive characterization, including analyses of morphology, density, and structural order, validated the synthesis method. Reactive MD simulations investigated the influence of water content (0-25%) and Si/Al ratios (1-3) on the structural and mechanical properties of N-A-S-H gels. Notably, water content between 15% and 20% induced a transition from a three-dimensional network to chain-like formations, driven by increased hydrolysis. This structural evolution resulted in higher porosity, reduced density, and a mechanical shift from brittle to ductile behavior. The role of Na⁺ ions also changed with increasing water content, with greater separation observed between Na⁺ ions and Al atoms, indicating reduced stabilization of AlO₄ tetrahedra at higher hydration levels. A key aspect of this thesis was integrating experimental data obtained through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with first-principles simulations, yielding deeper atomic-level insights. Isotopic ¹⁷O exchange experiments facilitated detailed analysis of N-A-S-H structures, revealing novel findings, including the NMR parameters of oxygen sites and the identification of two distinct AlO₄ environments. Investigations into the cation exchange capacity of pure N-A-S-H gels demonstrated a Na⁺ exchange capacity of 93.5% with K⁺, Sr²⁺, and Mg²⁺ over 8 days at ambient temperature, with a preference for monovalent cations. Structural analysis confirmed that the N-A-S-H framework maintained its integrity during the cation exchange process. In conclusion, this thesis provides a solid framework for the study of N-A-S-H gels, enhancing their understanding in both fundamental and applied contexts. While the results offer a foundation for future research, several areas require further exploration, including geopolymerization, the role of water in the structural stability of N-A-S-H gels, and the application of MD simulations enhanced by machine learning. These future perspectives will help unlock the potential of N-A-S-H gels in various applications, from sustainable construction materials to advanced environmental technologies
Hu, Bingwen. "Manipulations des interactions dipole-dipole en RMN de l'état solide". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10062/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the recoupling and decoupling of dipolar homonuclear and heteronuclear interactions in solid-state NMR.First, two kinds of techniques for establishing the through-space correlations between quadrupolar nuclei and spin 1/2 nuclei are presented. One is MPCP (Multiple-pulse Cross-Polarization) recoupling sequence and the other one is D-HMQC (Dipolar assisted- Heteronuclear Multiple Quantum Coherence) sequence. We evaluate different kinds of dipolar recoupling techniques such as SFAM, SR41², that are used in our D-HMQC. Second, we propose a new 1H homonuclear dipolar decoupling technique labeled SAM (Smooth Amplitude Modulation). This method that is a symmetry-based sequences, works mainly at fast or ultra-fast Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) rates (vR > 25 kHz) and is complementary to previous methods, such as DUMBO, FSLG/PMLG. Third, a novel symmetry-based homonuclear recoupling method (SPIP) that excites double-quantum (DQ) coherences between spin-1/2 nuclei, such as 1H, is presented. Compared to previous 1H DQ-recoupling techniques, this pulse sequence requires moderate rf field, even at ultra-fast MAS speed. Furthermore, it displays higher robustness to both chemical shift anisotropy and spreads in resonance frequencies.Fourth, a new processing scheme, called covariance, is employed in solid state NMR to produce homo-nuclear correlation (HOMCOR) 2D spectra. It can accommodate signal truncation much better than the usual 2D-FT data treatment, without any previous knowledge of the positions and line-widths of the resonances. Besides, covariance methods can be applied to HETCOR NMR data to generate two HOMCOR indirect-covariance spectra
Waysek, Edward H. "Caractérisation de caroténoi͏̈des à l'état solide dans des matrices organiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13111.
Texto completo da fonteCamus, Lydie. "Caractérisation par résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide de silices hybrides". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066415.
Texto completo da fonteGenix, Anne-Caroline. "Dynamique locale et transitions à l'état solide des poly(di-n-alkylitaconate)s". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066131.
Texto completo da fonteQuoineaud, Anne-Agathe. "Caractérisation et quantification de l'aluminium dans les zéolithes désaluminées par RMN haute-résolution à l'état solide". Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2049.
Texto completo da fonteWarnet, Xavier. "Études des membranes biologiques par RMN du solide in cellulo". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC177.
Texto completo da fonteNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has revealed efficient for in situ (and in vivo) structural studies of biological macro-molecules. The first studies focused on small soluble molecules, and quickly, the interest shifted toward the study of soluble proteins. For few years now, magie-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR has appeared as a technique of choice to obtain structural information about membrane proteins in their native environment (biological membranes). It is now well established that the two major components of biological membranes, that is to say: lipids and membrane proteins, are intimately connected, and the study of their mutual influences constitute a crucial step in die comprehension of biological membranes as a whole. In order to bring some dues regarding this question we have chosen a particular system: the strain C43(70E3) and its network of proliferating membranes, formed after the over-expression of the b subunit of the ATP synthase F1F0 of E. Coli. The analysis of the organisation of this network, and the involvement of the b subunit (via MAS NMR 13C/15N) and lipids (via mass spectrometry and MAS NMR 31P) allowed us to obtain some information regarding the importance of these two components in the establishment and stabilisation of this membrane network. Moreover, during this project, the combination of 2H NMR and MAS appeared as a technique particularly suited for die study of biological membranes of whole cells (alive) under various growth conditions. Also, the methods used and developed during this project could prove beneficial in the study of various biological membranes, from a proteic and lipidic stand point
Märker, Katharina. "Détermination structurale de systèmes organiques par polarisation dynamique nucléaire et RMN solide". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV082/document.
Texto completo da fonteSupramolecular structure determination of organic solids is of utter importance for understanding their properties and function. Structural insights at the atomic level can be provided by magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. However, this technique faces strong limitations in sensitivity due to the low natural isotopic abundance (NA) of the key nuclei 13C and 15N (1.1 % and 0.37 %, respectively). Sensitivity enhancement by several orders of magnitude can be achieved with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) which is based on polarization transfer from electron to nuclear spins. The recent progress in the practical implementation of DNP opens up new and exciting possibilities for structure determination of organic solids which are explored in this thesis.The first step for structural studies with NMR is resonance assignment. The complete assignment of 13C and 15N resonances at NA is demonstrated here to be feasible based on DNP-enhanced 13C-13C and, for the first time, 13C-15N correlation spectra.The focus is then laid on obtaining structural information in the form of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen distances from the buildup of polarization in dipolar recoupling experiments. Several strategies are discussed for recording such polarization buildup curves at NA. A decisive advantage of these measurements is that dipolar truncation is reduced to a great extent in samples at NA, enabling undisturbed polarization transfer over long distances and a simple description of the spin dynamics by numerical simulations. This is demonstrated experimentally on the self-assembled cyclic diphenylalanine peptide (cyclo-FF). The 13C-13C and 13C-15N buildup curves obtained are indeed sensitive to long distances (up to ~ 7 Å) and are in excellent agreement with the crystal structure of cyclo-FF. Moreover, each buildup curve represents a superposition of multiple intra- and intermolecular distance contributions and can therefore provide a wealth of structural information.It is subsequently shown that the high information content and the simple theoretical description of such polarization buildup curves enables determination of both the molecular and the supramolecular structure of cyclo-FF. This is achieved with the help of a dedicated computational code which creates structural models based on a systematic grid-search and ranks them according to their agreement with the experimental data.The thesis concludes by presenting improvements for the homonuclear dipolar recoupling pulse sequence SR26 which is a powerful sequence for use in NA samples. These improvements enable increased recoupling efficiency and the acquisition of 2D correlation spectra with large spectral widths.Overall, this thesis demonstrates that clear advantages lie in the use of NA samples for structural studies of organic solids, and that MAS-DNP enables structure determination which is mainly based on distance information from NMR data
Moutiq, Mohamed. "Etude par spectroscopie Raman de la structure des verres de borate alcalins". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MARN0035.
Texto completo da fonteMifsud, Nicolas. "Détermination Structurale de Solides Ordonnés et Désordonnés par Spectroscopie RMN Haute Résolution". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175539.
Texto completo da fonteDekhil, Myriam. "RMN cristallographique : mesure de distances internucléaires sur des échantillons de poudre par RMN du solide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4734.
Texto completo da fonteMeasurment of dipolar coupling provides 3D structural information of powder samples. However, in practice, the high density of spins in organic compounds prevents the measurements of long-range dipolar couplings in solid-state NMR by the so-called dipolar truncation effect. The study of rare spins on natural abundance allows to overcome this problem. In fact, with a natural abundance of 1.1 %, the probability for three 13C to be coupled is negligible. We developed a methodology based either on the dipolar recoupling NMR pulse sequence POST-C7 or on the dramatic increase in sensitivity provided by dynamic nuclear polarization. We demonstrated that its methodology provides a measure of 13C-13C dipolar couplings in natural abundance powder samples and that the so-obtained distance information is sensitive to both molecular conformation and crystal packing of powder samples. Moreover, we show that the recoupling pulse sequence R20_9_2 is more robust to strong chemical shift anisotropy and also to strong 1H-13C heteronuclear dipolar couplings than POST-C7. The second challenge involves 13C signal assignment for natural abundance. In fact, there are only a few examples of 13C-13C correlation spectra obtained for natural abundance samples. Here, we show that 13C-13C correlation spectra sequence based on the reintroduction of 13C−13C dipolar couplings can be obtained with standard MAS probe and within few days using R20_9_2 pulse sequence. Contrary to pulse sequences based on 13C-13C J coupling, our pulse sequence requires shorter DQ excitation time and hence, is more suitable for samples having short T2 relaxation times such as amorphous solids
Coelho, Cristina. "Matériaux silicophosphate et RMN en phase solide : apport des expériences dipolaires (D) et scalaires (J)". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066129.
Texto completo da fontePourpoint, Frédérique. "Etude structurale de phosphates de calcium par une approche combinée entre RMN à l'état solide et calculs ab initio". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066674.
Texto completo da fonteSarrouf, Rodolphe. "Sources lasers à l'état solides avec doublage de fréquence intracavité pour la spectroscopie de l'atome d'argent (Ag)". Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0679.
Texto completo da fonteL’atome d’argent (Ag) possède une transition (4d10 5s 2S1/2 4d9 5s2 2D5/2) de faible largeur naturelle ~ 0,8 Hz pouvant être excitée par 2 photons vers 661,325 nm. Cet atome est donc un candidat pour réaliser un étalon de fréquence optique d’exactitude supérieure à celle donnée par l’horloge atomique de 133Cs. Sa réalisation nécessite un travail amont de conception d’une première source rouge à 656,324 nm, préliminaire à l’acquisition d’une source U. V. à 328,162 nm pour le refroidissement des atomes d’argent et d’une seconde source à 661,325 nm pour sonder la transition d’horloge. Ce mémoire de thèse rapporte ce travail de réalisation dans le respect des exigences du cahier des charges en termes de puissance, de caractère monomode, d’accordabilité, de qualité de faisceau M² et de stabilité. Chacune des sources consiste en une cavité en anneau monomode vers 1,3 µm basé sur un cristal Nd :YLF avec doublage de fréquence intra-cavité. Ce mémoire détaille d’abord les étapes de construction des cavités infrarouges à 1312,648 nm et 1322,651 nm. Puis, ce manuscrit expose des travaux de doublage de fréquence en simple passage par des cristaux de LBO, BiBO et ppKTP permettant, outre une caractérisation précise de la génération de seconde harmonique à 1,3 µm de ces cristaux, d’appréhender la dynamique des sources rouges conçues avec ces derniers. La dernière partie expose les performances des sources rouges : la source pour sonder la transition d’horloge est accordable sur 2,15 nm et délivre 530 mW à 661,325 nm. La source dédiée au refroidissement des atomes d’argent est accordable sur 1,75 nm et émet 420 mW à 656,324 nm
Calin, Nathalie. "Etude thermique de quelques sels d'hétéropolymolybdates : mise en évidence d'interactions anion-anion et anion-cation à l'état solide". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-119.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteHerbert-Pucheta, José-Henrique. "Aspects structuraux, dynamiques et méthodologiques de la résonance magnétique nucléaire à l'état solide de biomolécules". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066584.
Texto completo da fonteAn important number of molecular systems of biological interest like proteins cannot be studied by x-ray diffraction or liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance methods because of lack of single crystals or intrinsic insolubility. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy offers the potential to provide precious information about the secondary structure of proteins, protein-protein interactions, folding and internal dynamics. Extensive solid-state NMR studies have been done on microcrystalline proteins, amyloid fibrils, membrane proteins or micelle-protein suspensions. Yet methodological developments in sample preparation of microcrystalline proteins, as well as further development in high-resolution solid-state NMR techniques are necessary. This thesis focuses on a number of structural, motional and methodological aspects encountered in the studies of biomolecules by solid-state NMR. An insight into the structural and motional features of C-terminal domain of the Human Centrin 2 (C-ter HsCen2) complex in a microcrystalline state is presented in the first part of the dissertation. In the second part, it is shown how one- and two-dimensional solid-state NMR experiments can help to disentangle spectral features in systems containing a mixture of different crystallographic forms with crystallographically inequivalent molecules in the unit cell of L-arginine hydrochloride. Polymorphism of L-glycine samples obtained by laser-induced crystallization methods is also studied. The final chapter presents an approach for removing the intrinsic asymmetry of 2D solid-state homonuclear correlation spectra of uniformly labelled biomolecules by equilibrating the magnetization in the initial stage of exchange experiments. It is also shown that the requirements needed for symmetrising the 2D exchange spectra are similar to the requirements needed to record quasi-quantitative cross-polarization magic-angle spinning spectra
Gondouin, Serge. "Caractérisation in situ des degrés d'oxydation III et VI du chrome à l'état solide par spectrométrie de masse LAMMA". Metz, 1986. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1986/Gondouin.Serge.SMZ8618.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe chromium in its oxudation states is known as being able to be carcinogen for man his environment. In consequence it is necessary to characterize perfectly these oxidation states and particularly in stainless steel fumes. The methodology developed hier is based on result obtaind in the course of analyses either of pure compounds (oxides or salts) or of compounds on support or included in matrices. From this study conclude that cluster ions formed in micro-plasma are representative of chemical environment of the studied element. In the same way we could evidenced the effect of compounds hydratation of these ionized clusters. For each sample type, we make up a histogram elementary ions repartition for cluster ions (negative characteristic of sulfate, nitrate. . . Ions). In all cases we verified the composition determination with several other techniques such as E. S. C. A. , I. R. T. F, R. X. And Raman. Our results allowed to conform the LAMMA analysis, evidencing advantages and limits on each one
Dekhil, Myriam. "RMN cristallographique : mesure de distances internucléaires sur des échantillons de poudre par RMN du solide". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4734.
Texto completo da fonteMeasurment of dipolar coupling provides 3D structural information of powder samples. However, in practice, the high density of spins in organic compounds prevents the measurements of long-range dipolar couplings in solid-state NMR by the so-called dipolar truncation effect. The study of rare spins on natural abundance allows to overcome this problem. In fact, with a natural abundance of 1.1 %, the probability for three 13C to be coupled is negligible. We developed a methodology based either on the dipolar recoupling NMR pulse sequence POST-C7 or on the dramatic increase in sensitivity provided by dynamic nuclear polarization. We demonstrated that its methodology provides a measure of 13C-13C dipolar couplings in natural abundance powder samples and that the so-obtained distance information is sensitive to both molecular conformation and crystal packing of powder samples. Moreover, we show that the recoupling pulse sequence R20_9_2 is more robust to strong chemical shift anisotropy and also to strong 1H-13C heteronuclear dipolar couplings than POST-C7. The second challenge involves 13C signal assignment for natural abundance. In fact, there are only a few examples of 13C-13C correlation spectra obtained for natural abundance samples. Here, we show that 13C-13C correlation spectra sequence based on the reintroduction of 13C−13C dipolar couplings can be obtained with standard MAS probe and within few days using R20_9_2 pulse sequence. Contrary to pulse sequences based on 13C-13C J coupling, our pulse sequence requires shorter DQ excitation time and hence, is more suitable for samples having short T2 relaxation times such as amorphous solids
Girard, Guillaume. "Caractérisation structurale de systèmes désordonnés par RMN de l’état solide et calculs DFT". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10081.
Texto completo da fonteThe combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy with GIAO/GIPAW-DFT calculations is nowadays a well-established method to characterize the atomic structure of simple molecular and crystalline compounds. The present work is dedicated to the application of this methodology to more complex systems, in particular those with local disorder. In a first part, this manuscript is dedicated to the structural characterization of niobiophosphate based materials by 31P/93Nb solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. The cationic disorder of one of these phases has been identified and characterized by the use of a combinatory approach associating 31P solid-state NMR and DFT-GIPAW calculations. In parallel, a new methodology combining 17O solid-state NMR and DFT-GIAO calculations has been proposed in order to characterize the structure of one oxo-tungsten based precatalyst supported on amorphous silica. This approach was initially validated by studying molecular oxo-tungsten based molecular compounds. The 17O-NMR response of each oxo group is, in fact, specific to the studied compound and the related anisotropic NMR parameters can be reproduced with high accuracy by DFT-GIAO calculation. Finally, this methodology allowed us to verify the nature and structure of the supported species by taking into account different grafting pathways
Selkti, Mohamed. "Aspects structuraux des assemblages à base de cyclodextrines à l'état solide : influence du milieu ionique et des modifications chimiques". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077188.
Texto completo da fonteSalnikov, Evgeniy Bechinger Burkhard. "Études structurales de peptides antibiotiques de type peptaibol provoquant des modifications membranaires par spectroscopies RPE pulsée et RMN de l'état solide". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/852/01/SALNIKOV_Eugeniy_2007.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteFruchart, Jean-Sébastien. "Nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse en phase solide et apport de la RMN à l'angle magique pour la caractérisation d'intermédiaires sensibles". Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL2P012.
Texto completo da fontePoupard, Olivier. "Etude du transfert de chlorures et de l'initiation de la corrosion d'un acier au sein d'un matériau cimentaire saturé, suivi par spectroscopie d'impédance". La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS062.
Texto completo da fontePitard, Domitille. "Étude de l'organisation à l'état solide et de la dynamique des chaines polymères dans les nanocomposites polyéthylène/POSS". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461664.
Texto completo da fonteDiacon, Aurel. "Polymers functionalized with chromophores for applications in photovoltaics, photonics and medicine". Angers, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976715.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis entitled "Polymers functionalized with chromophores for applications in photovoltaics, photonics and medicine" is structured in three chapters dealing with: a) the obtaining of chromophores and new materials for dye-sensitized solar cells; b) the obtaining of new fullerene-C60 derivatives with increased absorption; c) the obtaining of a platform allowing the attachment of lightharvesting dyads PDI-C60 including a free functional group for further applied developments of which one consisting in grafting onto a polymeric chain for increased processability; d) the obtaining of polymer photonic crystals and the utilization in dye emission modification and the building of complex heterostructures with chemosensor capabilities. In the first chapter new materials for hybrid dye-sensitized solar cells are presented with the aim of constructing solid state solar cells using polymers to replace the liquid electrolyte. Furthermore, strategies for improving the cell efficiency by using a dye with better anchoring on the TiO2 layer capacity, and the use of quantum-dots particles for the increasing of the electron injection rate have been tested. In the second chapter the obtaining of new fullerene based light-harvesting antennas is presented. Fullerene-phthalocyanine adducts were obtained and electron transfer was proven through fluorescence spectroscopy. A PDI-C60 dyad was successfully attached onto a polymeric chain for increasing processability for applications in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. In the third chapter the optical properties and use as chemosensor of polymer photonic crystals and complex heterostructures modified with fluorescent dyes was investigated
Gerbaud, Guillaume. "Etude des facteurs qui influencent la qualité du découplage hétéronucléaire en résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'état solide". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11012.
Texto completo da fonteVernay, Ophélie. "Apport de la RMN haute résolution solide pour la caractérisation de verres biocompatibles". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859625.
Texto completo da fonteCormary, Benoît. "Photocommutation à l'état solide dans les complexes de ruthénium à ligand nitrosyle : vers la réalisation de matériaux composites photochromes". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30074.
Texto completo da fontePhotochromic compounds can be integrated in very high capacity systems for optical data storage. Photochromic mononitrosyl ruthenium complexes have been studied in this work. They present long-lived metastable states produced upon irradiation at low temperature. The photochromic properties result from coordination changes of nitrosyl ligand. At first, influence of structural elements (as counter-ion, ligands, intermolecular contacts) on photochromic response has been studied. A photocrystallographic study on [RuCl(NO)py4](PF6)2. 1/2H2O evidenced a total solid state photocommutation, observed for the first time on this kind of complexes. New compounds combining photochromic and magnetic properties have been synthesised from the association of ruthenium complexe with magnetic anions such as [MX4]2- or [M'(CN6)]3- (M= Ni, Mn, Cu, Co and M'= Fe, Cr) and with magnetic network such as [MCr(ox)3]- (M = Ni, Cu, Co ; Mn and Zn) or Mn2P2S6. Processing of this kind of complexes is an important challenge. In order to obtain the material in a useable form, mononitrosyl complexes have been embedded in various matrices. The complexes have been obtained as crystalline nanoparticles included in new photochromic composite materials
Wang, Qiang. "Recouplage dipolaire en RMN des solides en rotation à l'angle magique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10159/document.
Texto completo da fonteSolid state NMR as a powerful analysis tool is extensively used in many fields such as catalysis science, polymer materials, and biological molecules. This thesis work mainly describes the development of new NMR methods to recover dipolar coupling of rotating solids and their applications for spectral assignment and structural investigation by solid state NMR. First, a new broadband homo-nuclear Double Quantum (DQ) dipolar recoupling sequence which can be used at high field and ultra-fast magic-angle spinning was introduced. To improve the spectral resolution, 1H homonuclear decoupling technique were applied during the acquisition time, t2 and indirect evolution time, t1. Then, a comparison between different symmetry sequences with and without composite pulses which also can be used at ultra fast spinning for DQ coherence excitation was discussed. Moreover, these homonuclear DQ dipolar recoupling sequences were the employed for the unambiguous assignment of 19F spectra of inorganic fluorides at high field (18.8 T) and ultra-fast magic-angle spinning (65 kHZ). To expand DQ dipolar recoupling methods on half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, a low radiofrequency (RF) pulse sequence with block cycling to selectively excite homo-nuclear DQ coherence of central transition (CT) was proposed. Last, a scheme for rapid analysis of natural abundance amino acid by high-resolution 14N filtered high resolution 1H-13C correlation was designed in the NMR of rotating solid
Yaakoub, Mfeddel Henry Marc. "Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxo-carboxylates de titane (IV) par diffraction des RX et RMN en solution ou à l'état solide". Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/994/01/YAAKOUB_MFEDDEL_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGaillard, Marina. "Etude par spectroscopies IR et RMN du solide de l'interaction de H2S avec des zéolithes Y échangées : Influence de H2S sur les propriétés acides". Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2005.
Texto completo da fonteEl-Masdouri, Larbi. "Perturbations géométriques et conformationnelles induites par des modifications chimiques de la chaîne peptidique : Études à l'état solide et comparaison avec les résultats des études en solution". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10403.
Texto completo da fonteLin, Taoran. "Application de la RMN du tritium à l’état solide pour déterminer la conformation bioactive du paclitaxel". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112167.
Texto completo da fonteThe determination of the conformation of small molecule bound to its biological target would facilitate people to design improved drugs. This determination can be difficult due to technical limitations, as exemplified by the long standing debate on the microtubule-binding conformation of a natural anticancer drug – paclitaxel. Previous studies using X-ray crystallography and solution-state NMR failed to furnish direct information on the expected conformation. Solid-state NMR may help in this task by providing precise interatomic distances, and the selective labeling on different sites with tritium atoms enables accurate measurement of long-range distances (up to 14.4 Å) owing to the high gyromagnetic ratio of this nucleus, without any structural modification of the molecule. So our project aiming at illustrating the bioactive conformation of paclitaxel consists the syntheses of 6 different paclitaxel isotopomers bearing a pair of tritiums at specified positions, flowing by the preparations of corresponding microtubule-labeled paclitaxel complexes. The solid-state tritium NMR analyses of these complexes would provide key distances for determining the expected conformation. Up to now, 2 paclitaxel isotopomers have been prepared from labelling the dibrominated paclitaxel precursor and from coupling the tritiated taxane rings and the tritiated side chains, respectively. The synthetic strategy allowed us to realize the syntheses in generally high yield and good stereoselectivity. Different tritiation methods have been used, from which an isotopic enrichment of higher than 92% was obtained. The syntheses of other 4 isotopomers, together with the microtubule complexes are currently underway in our lab
Brouder, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des structures d'absorption X dans les solides : Application à l'amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10330.
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