Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Spectrométrie d'absorption"
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Gibert-Jouve, Raymonde. "Caractérisation du tissu osseux par spectrométrie d'absorption infrarouge". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843500.
Texto completo da fonteGotte, Vincent. "Etudes structurales par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X polarisés". Nancy 1, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1999_0248_GOTTE.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMarreaud, Nathalie. "Caractérisation de puits quantiques GaInAs/InP par spectrométrie magnéto-optique". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Marreaud.Nathalie.SMZ9755.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLa technique de spectrométrie d'absorption à basse température et sous champ magnétique (0-8 tesla) en configuration faraday est utilisée pour déterminer les paramètres structuraux réels d'hétérostructures multi-puits quantiques GaInAs/InP. Une méthode d'analyse quantitative des spectres et de leur évolution avec la valeur du champ est développée. Elle est basée sur la méthode de la fonction enveloppe avec prise en compte de la non-parabolicité des bandes par la théorie k. P. La paire électron-trou en interaction coulombienne sous champ magnétique (magnéto-exciton) est traitée par un formalisme n'imposant pas de restriction sur l'ordre de grandeur du champ et prenant en compte le mouvement des porteurs dans la direction de quantification. Le champ magnétique a pour effets d'augmenter l'écart énergétique entre les états d'un même exciton et d'intensifier les transitions. Ces effets, combinés à la multiplicité des niveaux de confinement impliqués dans les transitions permises, conduisent à des spectres particulièrement riches en informations dans le cas d'une périodicité rigoureuse de l'hétérostructure et d'une bonne homogénéité des interfaces dans leur plan. Pour chaque échantillon, les spectres sont analysés par un calcul systématique des énergies de transition magnéto-excitoniques en traitant la largeur du puits et la composition de l'alliage comme paramètres ajustables avec prise en compte de couches interfaciales graduelles dans le cas des puits les plus étroits. Dans certains cas, la meilleure interprétation des structures spectrales exige l'adoption de paramètres structuraux sensiblement différents des données nominales. Les défauts de périodicité des hétérostructures sont cernés de façon quantitative
Sakami, Mohamed. "Application des méthodes inverses à la métrologie thermique par spectrométrie infrarouge". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2278.
Texto completo da fonteAbaker, Madi Guirema. "Suivi de maturation de composts mixtes par spectrométrie d'absorption et de fluorescence UV-visible". Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0019/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe recycling of organic waste is a major environmental concern both from anenergetic perspective and the global warming. The composting allows the conversion of wasteinto a product, the compost, and also the increase of carbon storage in soils. Among thedifferent wastes, sewage sludges are a problematic and increasing organic urban waste. Thehigh level of organic matter in sludges can be valorized by co-composting with green waste.Indeed, many chemical changes occur in the compost maturation process, transforming thesimple molecules in humic substances which are beneficial for soils. However, there are notyet, rapid and universal techniques which could predict the stability and the maturity ofcompost. It is necessary to measure a large number of biological (respirometric test, test ofgermination), physical (pH, temperature,…) and chemical (redox potential, cation exchangecapacity (CEC),…) parameters in order to follow the compost evolution. These measurementsare expensive and are rarely done on the composting platforms.Our objective was therefore to determine which parameter(s) could be used to easilymonitor the compost on the platform. For that, we followed a co-composting of sewagesludges during the maturation process in private compost bins (platform and greenhouse) andin swath (platform) in order to observe the size effect and the climatic condition effect on thecomposting process. An easy and little expensive extraction method of the water extractibleorganic matter (WEOM), using a percolator with water at room temperature was proposed.These water extracts were characterized by various parameters, such as dissolved organiccarbon (DOC WEOM) and total nitrogen (TN WEOM) or the content of volatile fatty acids, butalso, by various spectroscopic technics such as UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence. ForUV-Visible absorption, indices provide data on the aromaticity (SUVA254 WEOM), themolecular size (E2/E3 WEOM), the molecular weight (E4/E6 WEOM) and the substitutions oforganic compounds (EET/EBZ WEOM) of organic matter. Regarding fluorescence, humificationindexes such as HLIF, Kalbitz WEOM, Milori WEOM, Ra,c WEOM and Zsolnay WEOM were used tostudy the properties of WEOM. In addition, from the excitation-emission fluorescencematrices, CP/PARAFAC components were determined. All in all, 23 parameters werefollowed during the composting.We were thus able to distiguish the most relevant indices that can be used on theplatform. These indices are the SUVA254 WEOM and indices of Kalbitz WEOM and Milori WEOM.The spectroscopy is a relevant technique for monitoring the compost in the field. No impactof climatic conditions was revealed for the private compost bins, but a size effect for someparameters was observed
Titov, Andrey. "Electronic properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductors : Ga1-xMnxN, Ga1-xMnxAs, Ge1-xMnx". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10285.
Texto completo da fonteElectronic properties of the diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)N were studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the K-edge of Mn. The measured x-ray absorption spectra were further interpreted using the ab-initio calculations. Two pre-edge absorption lines are observed in the x-ray absorption spectra: the first line was attributed to electronic transitions into 3d states of Mn of spin up, while the second line corresponds to transitions into 3d states of Mn of spin down. This interpretation allows us to determine the valence state of Mn: two absorption lines are present in the pre-edge structure of Mn3+ and only one line remains in case of Mn2+. Such a change of the pre-edge structure was checked experimentally on (Zn,Mn2+)Te and on (Ga,Mn2+)As. In addition, the distribution of Mn in (Ga,Mn)N can be studied using the interpretation: the shape of the spectra points to a homogeneous distribution of Mn in our (Ga,Mn)N samples
Pannier, Florence. "Détermination du tributylétain dans les produits de mariculture par génération d'hydrures-chromatographie gazeuse-spectrométrie d'absorption atomique". Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3023.
Texto completo da fonteMichalowicz, Alain. "Méthodes et programmes d'analyse des spectres d'absorption des rayons X (EXAFS) : applications à l'étude de l'ordre local et du désordre cristallin dans les matériaux inorganiques". Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120010.
Texto completo da fonteZajicek, Tomas. "Adaptation de la spectrométrie d'absorption infrarouge à l'analyse des modifications physicochimiques superficielles de films de polyéthylène téréphtalate sous frottement". Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2026.
Texto completo da fonteGauthier, Christophe. "Recherches sur de nouveaux modes de détection des spectres d'absorption X exploitant l'excitation de la fluorescence X, de la luminescence visible et la photoémission". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10025.
Texto completo da fonteHoenig, Michel. "Spectrométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique : contribution à l'établissement d'une méthodologie rationnelle pour la détermination des éléments traces dans les milieux naturels". Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10115.
Texto completo da fonteSelkti, Mohamed. "Aspects structuraux des assemblages à base de cyclodextrines à l'état solide : influence du milieu ionique et des modifications chimiques". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077188.
Texto completo da fonteBenzakour, Mouad. "Étude structurale par spectroscopie d'absorption X des nanoparticules d'oxyde d'alcalinoterreux réactifs : application à la destruction de gaz polluants et toxiques". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521450204611&vid=upec.
Texto completo da fonteAikaline earth nanoparticles allow very efficient decomposit and storing of polluant and toxic gazes such as CC1 and S0 The reaction rate is dramatically enhanced when the nanoparticles are coated with surface metallic oxides. Due to the small concentration of this coating and the structural disorder, the structural characterization of these nanoparticules must be done with X Ray Absorption Spectroscopy. The EXAFS study of the CaO and MgO nanoparticules at the Ca, Mg and Cl K-edges lead to the disorder characterization compared to the micro-crystals structures and confirm that the polluting fraction is trapped as chlorides. The iron coating local structure on CaO before and after reaction confirms its catalytic role. On the contrary, iron diffuses in the MgO nanoparticules in substitution site and does not act as a catalyst
Loos, Michel. "Contribution au développement des spectroscopies d'absorption et d'excitation X : application à l'étude structurale des espèces catalytiques actives dans un procédé industriel d'oxychloration de l'éthylène". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10483.
Texto completo da fonteMadiec, Hervé. "Dosage et spéciation des ultra-traces d'étain dans les écosystèmes aquatiques par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique avec génération et décomposition d'hydrures". Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3001.
Texto completo da fonteReinholdt, Marc. "Synthèse en milieu fluoré et caractérisation de Phyllosilicates de type Montmorillonite. Etude structurale par spectroscopies d'absorption des rayons X et de résonance magnétique nucléaire". Mulhouse, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00072356.
Texto completo da fonteTamditi, Abdel Ilah. "Mise au point d'un dispositif d'EXAFS de laboratoire. Applications aux métaux de transitions". Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20196.
Texto completo da fonteTola, Pascal. "Détection visible de l'EXAFS : une nouvelle méthode de détection de la structure fine des spectres d'absorption X". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10002.
Texto completo da fonteNemausat, Ruidy. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des fluctuations thermiques quantiques des noyaux par spectroscopies d'absorption X et RMN". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066158.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis the impact of quantum thermal fluctuations on XANES and solid-state NMR spectra is described using an experimental and theoretical joint study. This project has two components. First, high-quality experimental data are acquired in order to observe and understand the influence of quantum vibrations in light-elements oxides. Second, a theoretical model is set up to reproduce the effects observed experimentally and describe their origin from a fundamental point of view. The developed theoretical approach is based on the density-functional theory. Within the Born-Oppenheimer and quasiharmonic approximations, the quantum thermal fluctuations of nuclei are modeled by generating atomic configurations obeying quantum statistics at finite temperature. The XANES spectra and NMR parameters are subsequently calculated in these configurations and the average results are compared with spectroscopic data at finite temperature. This approach has been validated by a joint theoretical-experimental study conducted in a series of light-element oxides, where the results were found to be in excellent agreement with the original experimental data. In addition, it is shown that the impact of the quantum fluctuations of the nuclei is influenced by the local symmetry of the probed atomic site
Cuni, Aude. "Effets électrostatiques sur les potentiels rédox des cofacteurs et leurs conséquences sur les transferts d'électron dans les centres réactionnels photosynthétiques. Exemples dans les centres réactionnels des bactéries pourpres et dans le photosystème II". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066073.
Texto completo da fonteBelghith, Mohamed. "Elaboration d'absorbeurs sélectifs solaires : optimisation de procédés et caractérisation des matériaux". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30189.
Texto completo da fonteChevreux, Sylviane. "Spéciation directe de métalloprotéines séparées sur gels d'électrophorèse : analyses XAS de la superoxyde dismutase et ICP-MS de protéines arseniées". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13880/document.
Texto completo da fonteMetalloproteomic is a new discipline which ally proteome determination and the identification, location and speciation of inorganic elements bound to proteins. The low concentration of these heteroelements and sometimes their non-covalent binding to proteins need to set up analytical tools enabling the protein separation at high resolution, without any modification of the bond protein-heteroelement, and the protein speciation with a technique presenting a low detection limit. The aim of this study is to set up such protocols on two proteic systems, depicting the two main protein-heteroelement interactions: forming of metallic complexes or covalent bonds. First, we studied copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), mutants of this protein being involved in a neurodegenerative disease, the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Isoelectric point isoforms of wild-type and mutant CuZnSOD, separated on electrophoresis gel, were analyzed using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). XAS experiments on proteins separated on electrophoresis gel were performed for the first time. Data analysis at Zn K-edge demonstrated the feasibility of this technique and the ones at the Cu K-edge highlighted oxidation states Cu(I) et Cu(II) differences between isoforms. Second, we studied arsenic metabolisation to understand its carcinogenicity. Proteins extracted from hepatic cells exposed to arsenic were separated using gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. Samples analysis using mass spectrometry highlighted three proteic species which bind arsenic
Harmand, Marion. "Spectroscopie d'absorption X résolue en temps pour l'étude de la matière dense et tiède". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720159.
Texto completo da fonteSalomon, Stéphanie. "Optimisation du dosage d'ultra traces de métaux dans l'eau de mer par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique sans flamme (Al, Cu, Fe) : comparaison avec deux autres méthodes dans le cas de l'aluminium". Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2038.
Texto completo da fonteProux, Olivier. "Spectroscopie d'absorption X par détection d'électrons : cas de non-linéarité dans les structures massives et les poudres - ordre local dans les films minces déposés NixAg1-x". Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2263.
Texto completo da fonteNemausat, Ruidy. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des fluctuations thermiques quantiques des noyaux par spectroscopies d'absorption X et RMN". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066158/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis the impact of quantum thermal fluctuations on XANES and solid-state NMR spectra is described using an experimental and theoretical joint study. This project has two components. First, high-quality experimental data are acquired in order to observe and understand the influence of quantum vibrations in light-elements oxides. Second, a theoretical model is set up to reproduce the effects observed experimentally and describe their origin from a fundamental point of view. The developed theoretical approach is based on the density-functional theory. Within the Born-Oppenheimer and quasiharmonic approximations, the quantum thermal fluctuations of nuclei are modeled by generating atomic configurations obeying quantum statistics at finite temperature. The XANES spectra and NMR parameters are subsequently calculated in these configurations and the average results are compared with spectroscopic data at finite temperature. This approach has been validated by a joint theoretical-experimental study conducted in a series of light-element oxides, where the results were found to be in excellent agreement with the original experimental data. In addition, it is shown that the impact of the quantum fluctuations of the nuclei is influenced by the local symmetry of the probed atomic site
Bizi, Mohamed. "Propriétés optiques d'ions de métaux de transition (3D3 à 3D8) dans les oxydes spinelles et de verres sodocalciques". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUES035.
Texto completo da fonteBenabdallah, Mohammed. "Spéciation de l'étain en traces dans l'environnement aquatique par spectrophotométrie d'absorption atomique électrothermique". Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3026.
Texto completo da fonteBenramdane, Larbi. "Dosage des espèces arseniées d'intérêt toxicologique (arsenic minéral et métabolites) par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique après séparation par extraction liquide-liquide ou par CLHP : application à un cas d'intoxication mortelle". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T210.
Texto completo da fonteFesta, Floriane. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la structure électronique de l'aluminium en conditions extrêmes par spectroscopie d'absorption X". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00904122.
Texto completo da fonteViallet, Jean-Marc. "Étude des propriétés photodynamiques de dérivés de 1,4 diphényl-butadiène et de 1,6 diphényl-hexatriène en solution, par spectrométrie d'émission et d'absorption résolue en temps à l'échelle de la picoseconde". Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10512.
Texto completo da fonteRochet, Amélie. "Caractérisation structurale de catalyseurs hétérogènes en conditions de fonctionnement par spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X résolue dans le temps". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756909.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Barbu Thibault. "Spectrométrie infrarouge atmosphérique : Applications à la mesure in situ par diodes laser de H2O, CO2 et leurs isotopes dans la basse atmosphère de mars (TDLAS) et à la mesure du CO2 terrestre par le spectromètre à réseau SOIR". Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000346.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis work presents infrared spectrometry and the tests and developments made for two instruments of atmospheric usage. The first part shows a chronology of the Martian space exploration, on the point of view of the search for water, and the characteristics of the planet. It is followed by a description of the developments made for a tunable diode laser spectrometer (TDLAS) suited for the in situ monitoring of the Martian atmosphere, in particular, water fluxes. Water is essential to life as we know it on earth and it is important to understand its cycle on all aspects, in particular the surface atmosphere coupling. The second part deals with the spectroscopic studies carried in the laboratory with the laser diodes emitting at 1877nm, 2042nm and 2640nm which can be used by TDLAS. The spectroscopic parameters of the molecules of interests at those wavelengths were measured and will be used for the processing of the in-situ spectra. The third part concerns a grating spectrometer with acousto-optic filter (AOTF) which can be used for the measurement of carbon dioxide in the earth atmosphere by solar occultation. CO2 is one of the major greenhouse gases. A good knowledge of sources and sinks of CO2 is very important to evaluate the impact of its increasing concentration on the evolution of the climate. A compact instrument such as SOIR could be very useful to complete the actual network of measurement. The first solar measurements, the mechanical adjustments and the first calibration tests are presented
Charvet, Stéphane. "Étude de la croissance et des propriétés d'émission dans le visible de nanograins de silicium dans une matrice de silice amorphe : analyse quantitative par ellipsométrie spectroscopique". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004183.
Texto completo da fonteTrcera, Nicolas. "Etude de la structure de verres magnésio-silicatés : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481945.
Texto completo da fonteBrouder, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des structures d'absorption X dans les solides : Application à l'amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10330.
Texto completo da fonteDe, Backer Andrée. "Étude d'un nouveau cristal laser et développement d'un laser de puissance dans le proche infrarouge pompé par diode laser". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-233.pdf.
Texto completo da fontePereira, Barata Beatriz. "XAS hyperspectral imaging : in situ monitoring of the impregnation and drying of CoMoP hydrodesulfurization catalysts". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASF091.
Texto completo da fonteIn today's energy context, where emission policies allow up to 10 ppm sulfur, there is a demand for more efficient hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts. Their preparation begins with impregnation of a solution containing metal precursors (Mo, Co) and usually phosphorus (P) onto alumina support extrudates, followed by maturation and drying, resulting in the oxide dry phase. In that phase, many Mo-species are be found. In particular, P-heteropolyanions (P-HPAs) have allowed to increase catalytic performance in recent years. Upon impregnation/maturation, there is a change in the equilibrium between the Mo-species in the acidic impregnation solution, due to the contact with the basic alumina support, leading to a heterogeneous distribution of the species, which can impact the catalytic activity. Therefore, improving catalytic activity depends on a better understanding the impact of the preparation stages on the location, nature, and concentration of the Mo-species on the support. To improve this, in situ chemical, quantitative and spatially resolved characterization is required. In this work, a hyperspectral full field time-resolved Mo K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) imaging has been developed at the ROCK-SOLEIL beamline. Space-energy resolved 3D data cubes were recorded using a pixelated CMOS camera (1.625 µm pixel size after magnification by a x4 objective, 1 cube/11s). Two cells were designed for in situ catalyst preparation. A support extrudate (1.5x1.6mm) can be loaded inside the cavity of the impregnation cell, where ~2 μL solution is injected. After 3h-maturation, the same extrudate is placed in the drying cell, heated from room temperature to 120°C, followed by 1h isothermal plateau. The quantification of Mo-species is obtained by linear combination fitting of a library of EXAFS spectra of bulk references. In a first part of this work, we focused on the study of the impregnation and drying on a cylindrical alumina support with phosphorus of a CoMoP P/Mo 0.56 Co/Mo 0.4 0.75 M [Mo] solution (pH=1.3) containing mainly Strandberg’s HPA. We observed that P-HPAs are partially preserved upon impregnation at the edges of the extrudate, while a monomolybdate-rich core is formed. Anderson’s HPA is distributed nearly homogeneously. A S-shape uptake curve was observed, associated with a monomolybdate front. At the end of the maturation, the catalyst had a homogeneous profile, rich in P-HPAs. The evolution of the Mo-speciation was explained by (i) the high affinity of phosphate ions with alumina, that resulted in the decrease of free phosphates in solution; (ii) the PZC of the support, leading to different interactions with the Mo-species; (iii) the pH of the impregnation solution and the local pH on the pores of the support. During drying, the removal of water is driving the Mo-transformations, associated to the temperature ramp. This occurs due to (i) the departure of water first on the core, decomposing the Anderson’s HPA, leading to stronger interactions of the support and to the partial to full decomposition of the P-HPAs (ii) the transfer of water at the extrudate edges, leading to an excess of water and driving pH related transformation. At the end of drying, most of the P-HPAs are lost. In a second part of this work, we studied the impact of the promoter (Co). We have shown that the Co precursor impacts the pH and the Mo-speciation of the impregnation solution and its diffusion. An egg white Mo-profile is obtained at the end for the MoP catalyst. At the end of drying, MoP and CoMoP had different Mo-profiles but similar Mo-speciations. Thanks to this work, we were able for the first time to follow the dynamics of the Mo-speciation during the key preparation steps of a catalyst. This powerful approach/methodology allows one to acquire large amounts of experimental data required for the mathematical modelling of impregnation and drying
Radepont, Marie. "Understanding of chemical reactions involved in pigment discoloration, in particular in mercury sulfide (HgS) blackening". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805147.
Texto completo da fonteGallot--Duval, Doriane. "Analyse isotopique directe du lithium à haute résolution spatiale. Application à la caractérisation du transport du lithium dans des matériaux d'électrolyte pour les batteries tout solide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF035.
Texto completo da fonteLithium isotopic analysis by LIBS is a very promising technique, as it allows rapid, remote analysis, under ambient air atmosphere, with few or no sample preparation steps. In this manuscript, we have developed this technique in order to adapt it to the specific needs of the development of solid electrolytes for 4th generation batteries. These developments require a better understanding of the mobility of lithium ions in a lithiated electrolyte. These mobility properties can be investigated using lithium isotope labeling. There is therefore a need for analytical techniques enabling isotopic analysis with high spatial resolution (≤ 10 µm) of electrolyte materials. Lithium isotopic analysis by LIBS would thus provide complementary information to that obtained by other analytical techniques. This development was carried out in several stages. First, we demonstrated the feasibility of isotope analysis in a solid electrolyte polymer, POE LiTFSI, in a standard ablation configuration at 250 µm lateral resolution. Under these conditions, we explored the possibility of in-depth isotopic analysis of multilayer samples. We were thus able to measure a variation in 6Li isotopic abundance in lithium carbonate included in an epoxy resin with a resolution of 0.74 µm per laser shot. However, this approach proved limited for the analysis of more complex samples such as battery multilayers. We then chose to develop the technique in a micro-ablation configuration so as to be able to carry out measurements on a transverse section rather than at depth. We began by calibrating the 6Li abundance in POE LiTFSI with a lateral resolution of 7 µm and a relative uncertainty of 27%, using 20 laser shots. We then carried out the first semi-quantitative lithium isotope mapping by LIBS of an epoxy sample containing lithium carbonate, with a lateral resolution of 3.3 µm and a relative uncertainty of the order of 40% shot for shot. The results obtained in this thesis pave the way for lithium isotopic labeling by LIBS in battery materials. We hope to obtain diffusion profiles of ⁶Li in the electrochemical system which, in addition to ToF-SIMS and NMR characterizations, will provide a better understanding of ion transportation and provide data to associated modeling
Berthereau, Anne. "Les matériaux vitreux pour l'optique non linéaire: - étude des verres à base d'oxyde de tellure a fort effet Kerr optique- le phénomène de génération de seconde harmonique dans un verre". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10660.
Texto completo da fonteFeraud, Géraldine. "Molécules et nanoparticules aromatiques du milieu interstellaire : production et caractérisation au laboratoire". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00889634.
Texto completo da fonteMalterre, Daniel. "Influence du désordre structural sur les fluctuations de valence des systèmes à base de terres-rares". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10177.
Texto completo da fonteSelmani, Larbi. "Etude des défauts électriques associes à l'or et au fer dans le silicium". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19018.
Texto completo da fonteDelatour, Thierry. "Mise en évidence par spectrométries optiques de formes tautomères caractéristiques d'un pyridylazo diethylaminophénol". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10159.
Texto completo da fonteNGUYEN-THI, Van-Oanh. "SPECTROSCOPIE ET STABILITE DES HYDROCARBURES AROMATIQUES POLYCYCLIQUES DANS LES CONDITIONS DU MILIEU INTERSTELLAIRE". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005244.
Texto completo da fonteDidriche, Keevin. "High resolution infrared spectroscopy: setting up an experiment to investigate small clusters". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210437.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of this subject however suffers from the lack of basic experimental data. The goal is therefore to produce clusters in the laboratory in concentration large enough to record their high resolution spectrum. This is the initial aim of the present thesis.
During this work, we have built and extensively tested a new experimental set-up called FANTASIO (``Fourier trANsform, Tunable diode and quadrupole mAss spectrometers interfaced to a Supersonic expansIOn'). With the help of this new device, various experiments on jet-cooled species have been performed.
The cartography of the supersonic expansion was established, using the mass spectrometer as a moving pressure probe. This enabled us to characterize the geometrical properties of the supersonic jet produced by circular and slit nozzles and to determine the position of the virtual nozzle. The effect of the axisymmetric expansion geometry on the R(0) lineshape in the nu_3 band of N_2O, recorded by FTIR, was also investigated.
The rotational temperature of the jet-cooled molecules was determined to be a few K by measuring the intensity of lines in spectra recorded by FTIR spectroscopy.
Vibrational energy transfer occuring in the expansion between N_2O molecules and different collision partners was investigated on the nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 band of N_2O, again using FTIR spectroscopy. The trend of these transfers was found to be related to the energy difference between the v_2=1 level of N_2O and the closest vibrational state in the collision partner, with the largest population.
The sensitivity of the set-up was enhanced by a factor of 5 by increasing the absorption path length, using a multipass system. A procedure to remove the residual gas contribution from the IR spectra was developped, based on the mass spectrometer. Thanks to this sensitivity increase, broadband absorption features of clusters were observed for a C_2H_2-Ar mixture in circular and slit expansions.
The optical sensitivity of FANTASIO was again increased by the implementation of the CW-CRDS system. The enhancement over FTIR was calculated to be over a factor 750. Thanks to this drastic improvement, spectral signatures of various clusters were recorded, such as C_2H_2-Ar, C_2H_2 multimers, C_2H_2-N_2O and C_2H_2-CO_2, at high resolution.
The role of clustering in generating unusual line shapes of acetylene in an axisymmetric expansion was investigated. We demonstrated that C_2H_2 aggregates produced in the expansion are responsible for central dips observed in the monomer absorption. These acetylene clusters thus appear to be formed in the centre of the expansion, while, unexpectedly, acetylene-Ar complexes are formed at the edge of the conical expansion.
Various research prospects were explored during this thesis thanks to the FANTASIO device, opening new research directions. FANTASIO is today operational and defines a useful tool to achieve the study of small clusters by infrared spectroscopy./
Le rôle des agrégats dans les atmosphères planétaires et dans le milieu interstellaire est potentiellement important. Cependant, les études sur ce sujet souffrent du manque de données expérimentales. Le but de cette thèse était de développer un dispositif expérimental efficace pour produire au laboratoire des agrégats en quantité suffisante pour permettre l'enregistrement de leur spectre infrarouge à haute résolution et donc l'étude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques.
Durant ce travail, nous avons construit et testé un nouveau dispositif expérimental appelé FANTASIO, basé sur un jet supersonique couplé à un spectromètre de masse, un spectromètre à transformée de Fourier et un système CRDS. Grâce à cet appareillage, différentes expériences sur des molécules à basse température ont été menées.
L'expansion supersonique a été cartographiée en utilisant le spectromètre de masse comme une sonde de pression mobile. Cette cartographie nous a permis d'établir les propriétés géométriques des jets supersoniques produits par les orifices circulaire et de type fente, et de déterminer la position de l'orifice virtuel. L'effet de la géométrie de l'expansion sphérique sur le profil de la raie R(0) de la bande nu_3 de N_2O, enregistré par FTIR, a aussi été étudié.
Une température rotationnelle de quelques K a été déterminée pour les molécules refroidies en jet supersonique par mesure de la distribution d'intensité de raies dans les spectres enregistrés par FTIR.
Le transfert d'énergie vibrationnelle entre des molécules de N_2O et différents partenaires collisionnels a été étudié en analysant l'intensité de la bande nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 de N_2O, enregistré également par spectroscopie FTIR. Il a été trouvé que la tendance de ces transferts est liée à la différence d'énergie entre le niveau v_2=1 de N_2O et l'état vibrationnel le plus proche et le plus peuplé du partenaire collisionnel.
La sensibilité du dispositif a été augmentée d'un facteur 5 dû à l'allongement du chemin d'absorption, grâce à l'utilisation d'un système multipassage. Une procédure basée sur l'utilisation du spectromètre de masse et visant à enlever la contribution du gaz chaud résiduel dans les spectres infrarouges a été mise au point. Grâce à cette augmentation de sensibilité, des structures d'absorption non résolues d'agrégats ont été observées dans des expansions en trou et en fente d'un mélange de C_2H_2-Ar.
La sensibilité optique de FANTASIO a encore été augmentée par l'ajout au dispositif d'un système CW-CRDS. L'amélioration par rapport au spectromètre à transformée de Fourier a été calculée comme étant supérieure à un facteur 750. Grâce à cette importante amélioration, les signatures spectrales de divers agrégats, tels que C_2H_2-Ar, des multimères de C_2H_2, C_2H_2-N_2O et C_2H_2-CO_2, ont été enregistrées à haute résolution.
Le rôle de l'agrégation dans la génération de profils de raie inhabituels dans une expansion en trou de l'acétylène a été étudié. Nous avons démontré que les agrégats de C_2H_2 produits dans le jet supersonique sont responsables des creux observés dans le profil d'absorption du monomère. Ces agrégats apparaissent donc comme étant formés au centre de l'expansion, tandis que, de manière inattendue, les agrégats de C_2H_2-Ar sont formés aux bords de l'expansion conique.
Plusieurs idées de recherche ont été explorées durant cette thèse grâce au dispositif FANTASIO, ouvrant de nouvelles directions de recherche. FANTASIO est aujourd'hui opérationnel et se présente comme un outil utile dans l'étude des petits agrégats par spectroscopie infrarouge.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Almadori, Yann. "Fonctionnalisation non-covalente de nanotubes de carbone mono-feuillets : étude du confinement de molécules photo-actives et intercalation de rubidium". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997533.
Texto completo da fonteStephan, Chadi H. "Spéciation chimique et immunotoxicologie du béryllium : effets thérapeutiques des agents complexants NTA, NTP et tiron". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6571.
Texto completo da fonteLaplante, Caroline. "Évolution des défauts dans les fibres optiques irradiées". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21296.
Texto completo da fonte