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Puig-Samper, Miguel Ángel. "Illustrators of the New World. The Image in the Spanish Scientific Expeditions of the Enlightenment". Culture & History Digital Journal 1, n.º 2 (6 de dezembro de 2012): m102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2012.m102.
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González-Moreno, Beatriz, e Fernando González-Moreno. "The Reception of Frankenstein in Spain by the Hand of its Illustrators". ES Review. Spanish Journal of English Studies, n.º 43 (23 de novembro de 2022): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ersjes.43.2022.11-38.
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This article examines the main Spanish visual readings of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein from the first illustrated edition in Spain (1944) to the significant 200th anniversary of its publication. Thus, how Mary Shelley’s novel has morphed throughout time depending on the different illustrators who have approached the text can be assessed while identifying the key illustrated editions for this period. The analysis of the illustrated reception and history of Frankenstein offers a new perspective into how the novel has been both read and “seen” in Spain. The results of this study shed light on diverse aspects of the novel such as the perception of the monster and how oft-neglected characters and episodes have been slowly added to the visual rendition of the novel.
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Rábano, Isabel. "Art and fossils: the illustrators of Lucas Mallada's paleontological Synopsis (1875-1892)". BOLETÍN GEOLÓGICO Y MINERO 134, n.º 1 (março de 2023): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21701/bolgeomin/134.1/003.
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The Commission for the Geological Map of Spain planned a monumental work in the 19th century, the “Synopsis of the fossil species found in Spain”, in which descriptions of the characteristic fossils of geological periods had to be combined with their illustrations in a paleontographic atlas. The objective was to constitute an auxiliary tool for those people who, without reference books at their reach, could determine in a practical way the Spanish geological formations. This work, which was to be published over several years, was entrusted to the mining engineer Lucas Mallada y Pueyo. The fossil drawings were handled by three artists: Teresa Madasú, José Cebrián and Fernando de los Villares Amor. The work was never completed, but between 1875 and 1892 250 plates of Cambrian to Paleogene fossils were published, most of them (206) drawn by Teresa Madasú, who therefore stands as the pioneer of paleontological illustration in Spain.
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Palomo-Domínguez, Isabel, Gloria Jiménez-Marín e Nuria Sánchez-Gey Valenzuela. "Socialinių medijų strategijos lyčių lygybės artivizme. Ispanių feminisčių iliustratorių nuomonės formuotojų karta". Information & Media 98 (26 de outubro de 2023): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2023.98.61.
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Nowadays, social networks play a central role in communication media. In this scenario, analysing the gender awareness fostered by the influencers is crucial. The research explores the female representation portrayed by eight Spanish influencers who address the gender approach from graphic communication. All of them are women illustrators, cover topics related to gender, and use similar communication strategies. The methodology includes three complementary techniques: first, desktop study to compare the illustrators’ profiles; second, content analysis to delve into the topics addressed and their artivism; third, a Delphi method to assess their contribution to promoting gender egalitarian values, in which experts specialising in communication, philosophy, sociology, psychology, and politics participate. The results show that feminism is a prominent topic in their publications, stimulating a feeling of sisterhood among women, their core target. From a generational perspective, the influence of their message is more significant on millennials and centennials. Conclusions confirm that social media characteristics, artivism, content hybridisation and transmediality enhance their feministic discourse. Future lines of research may focus on identifying other channels and communication strategies more influential for broad target groups, especially men and generations older than millennials, since these external audiences seem crucial to spread gender awareness.
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Frankel, Nicholas. "The Designer’s Eye: Ancient Spanish Ballads, Poetry, and the Rise of Decorative Design". Articles, n.º 54 (15 de dezembro de 2009): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038759ar.
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AbstractIn 1841 John Murray published a sumptuously ornamented edition of John Gibson Lockhart’sAncient Spanish Ballads.Murray’s new edition, printed using the very latest bookmaking technologies and pitched at a readership newly accustomed to paying exorbitant prices for book ornaments and illustrations, was radically different from the first edition of Lockhart’s ballads, which had appeared without accompanying ornament in 1823. Illustrated by the leading illustrators of the day and decorated throughout in multiple colors by the architect Owen Jones (who would go on to become famous as a Superintendent of the Great Exhibition and the author ofThe Grammar of Ornament), Murray’s edition represents a stunning departure in Victorian printing and a highpoint in mid-Victorian design generally. At the same time, it crystallizes a debate about the nature and application of artistic design that was beginning to emerge in the early years of Victoria’s reign and that would erupt with maximum vigor ten years later in the confrontation between John Ruskin and the South Kensington School. The tension between flat, stylized design and what Ruskin was later to term “truth to nature” is already palpable in the conflict between illustrations and ornaments to Murray’s book. However, it was the involvement of Owen Jones that especially distinguished the volume, as it gave Jones the opportunity to demonstrate in a practical way ideas about design, color, and style that he would theorize fifteen years later inThe Grammar of Ornament. Those ideas are especially resonant today, given recent work on the history of the book and the “bibliographic codes” of literature, since the effect of Jones’s work is to expose the textual condition of Lockhart’s poetry itself and to harness the eye as an active constituent in the act of reading. Fifty years before the work of William Morris at the Kelmscott Press, Jones and Murray showed Victorian readers that a printed book might be a thing of real beauty and that poetry, no less than painting or architecture, is dependent on the perceptual structure of its textual vehicle.
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Woods, Richard D., e Isabel Schon. "Review of Contemporary Spanish-Speaking Writers and Illustrators for Children and Young Adults: A Biographical Dictionary". Hispania 78, n.º 2 (maio de 1995): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/345420.
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Nataliya Andreevna, Kuzina. "Reflection of social and political conflicts in cartoon on the example of the Barcelona satirical press of the 60-70s of the XIX century". Latin-American Historical Almanac 29 (26 de março de 2021): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2021-29-1-147-164.
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This article is dedicated to the Catalan caricature of the mid-19th century. The thematic field is being investigated to which artists have been addressing for 20 years. After all, political, social and cultural shifts within Spanish society are reflected in the cartoons of the Barcelona press, for example, El Pájaro verde, El Pájaro azul, El Diablo suelto, La Flaca, La Madeja, La Campana de Gràcia, La Esquella de la Torratxa. The work identifies three periods: 1) from the 1860s to 1868, 2) The six democratic or revolutionary years, 3) the first years after the Restoration. 1860-1868 is the period when caricature was born and developed in Catalonia. It was in the 1860s that such great illustrators as Tomas Padro and José Luis Paleser emerged. In the Catalan satirical press, the period of The six democratic years was a time of creative upsurge and development of the genre of caricature, when artists could openly denounce the authorities and honestly talk about problems.
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Requejo Isidro, Marta. "El tiempo en el reglamento 650/2012. Ilustraciones de la práctica española". Revista Española de Derecho Internacional 70, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2018): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.70.2.2018.1.05.
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Carreira, Maria. "The Vitality of Spanish in the United States". Heritage Language Journal 10, n.º 3 (30 de dezembro de 2013): 396–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.10.3.10.
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The United States is home to the second largest population of Spanish speakers in the world. This demographic presence translates into high levels of capacity, opportunity, and desire for U.S. Spanish. However, as this paper illustrates, the long-term sustainability of Spanish in the United States remains uncertain due to a number of factors, notably (a) declining immigration rates from the Spanish-speaking world, (b) low rates of intergenerational transmission among U.S. Latinos, and (c) negative attitudes surrounding Spanish and U.S. Latinos. The discussion points to linguistic resilience as a particularly important tool for combating the latter two factors.
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Principles of Honor, Virtue, Leadership, and Ethics: Medieval Epics Speak Out against the Political Malaise in the Twenty-First Century". Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 79, n.º 3 (28 de novembro de 2019): 388–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340159.
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Abstract One of our central challenges as medievalists consists of how to respond to the question regarding the relevance of medieval literature and other documents. This article suggests that we can easily draw from medieval heroic literature where ideal and also negative examples of successful/failed leadership are provided. The MHG Nibelungenlied, at least in the first part, illustrates dramatically the consequences of a weak, indecisive, impulsive, and manipulable ruler, whose actions ultimately trigger a whole sequence of hatred, violence, and slaughter. The Old Spanish El Poema de Mío Cid sets out almost at the same point, with the protagonist being exiled because of malignment, but in the course of events, he demonstrates convincingly what makes a true, honorable, admirable, and worthy leader. These two epic poems can serve powerfully as illustrations of failed and successful leadership, and can thus offer significant instructions for modern concerns in politics, business, administration, the church, schools, and universities.
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Herman, Nicholas. "Peter Kidd, The McCarthy Collection, Volume II: Spanish, English, Flemish & Central European Miniatures; Volume III: French Miniatures". Fragmentology 4 (17 de dezembro de 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24446/t9td.
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Book Review for Fragmentology IV (2021); review of Peter Kidd, The McCarthy Collection, Volume II: Spanish, English, Flemish & Central European Miniatures, London: Ad Illissum 2019, 248 pp., 150+ colour illustrations, ISBN 9781912168132; Peter Kidd, The McCarthy Collection, Volume III: French Miniatures, London: Ad Illissum 2021, 336 pp., 350 colour illustrations, ISBN 9781912168187.
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Horton, Sarah. "Where is the "Mexican" in "New Mexican"? Enacting History, Enacting Dominance in the Santa Fe Fiesta". Public Historian 23, n.º 4 (2001): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2001.23.4.41.
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What are the implications of public commemorations of the Southwest's Spanish colonization, and do such celebrations sanction the conquest's continuing legacy of racial inequality? This paper examines such questions by way of an analysis of the Santa Fe Fiesta, an annual celebration of New Mexico's 1692 re-conquest from the Pueblo Indians by Spanish General Don Diego de Vargas. The Santa Fe Fiesta, which uses living actors to publicly re-enact the Pueblos' submission to Spanish conquistadors, may be analyzed as a variant of the "conquest dramas" the Spanish historically used to convey a message of Spanish superiority and indigenous inferiority. Indeed, New Mexico's All Indian Pueblo Council and its Eight Northern Pueblos have boycotted the Fiesta since 1977, and some Chicanos have complained the event's glorification of a Spanish identity excludes Latinos of mixed heritage. However, an examination of the history of the Fiesta illustrates that although it ritually re-enacts the Spanish re-conquest of New Mexico, it also comments obliquely on another--the Anglo usurpation of Hispanos' former control over the region. Although Anglo officials at the Museum of New Mexico revived the Fiesta as a lure for tourists and settlers in the early 20th-century, Hispanos have gradually re-appropriated the Fiesta as a vehicle for the "active preservation of Hispanic heritage in New Mexico." Thus an analysis of the Fiesta's history illustrates that the event conveys a powerful contemporary message; it is both part conquest theater and part theater of resistance to Hispanos' own conquest.
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Cerdá, Juan Francisco. "“Betwixt our nation and the aspiring French”: Spanish Patriotism(s) Through Shakespeare’s Critical Reception (1764-1834)". Linguaculture 1, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2010): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2010-2-0238.
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The paper focuses on the critical reception of Shakespeare’s work in Spain, beginning with the second half of the 18th century, showing how the Spanish literary scene became a space for critical controversy that illustrates the aesthetic differences between neoclassical and dissident criticism at the time. The paper demonstrates that this initial aesthetic conflict conceals ulterior issues dealing with the identity of Spanish drama and of Spain as a nation, the decaying quality of Spanish theatrical production at the time, and the neoclassical political programme for moral instruction and social reform.
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Alley, David C. "Trends in the Use of illustrations in University Spanish Textbooks". Hispania 77, n.º 3 (setembro de 1994): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/344979.
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Carpio, Genevieve. "Zorro Down Under". Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 46, n.º 1 (2021): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2021.46.1.111.
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During the interwar years (1918–39), California’s characteristic verandas, archways, and red tile roofs spread to Australia. Originally, Spanish Colonial Revival architecture was popularized in California alongside what historians have called the “Spanish fantasy past,” a romanticized Spanish California that linked the state’s modern rise to an Anglo-American future and fixed Mexican and Indigenous populations in a bygone era. Looking to the movement of the Spanish fantasy past from California to Australia via “Spanish Mission” style offers new insights for Chicana/o studies. The fantasy past serves as a powerfully fl exible racial script that helps make sense of race relations far beyond its point of origin and connects seemingly mundane choices about home design to ongoing processes of settler colonialism in Pacific communities. As an eager adopter of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture during a period when the government was actively redistributing land, Australia illustrates how the Spanish fantasy past has been translated and how Chicana/o studies frameworks informed by critical Indigenous studies can provide insights into relational forms of race making and colonialism.
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Hernández, Gloria Maité. "The Scholarship on Spanish Mystical Literature". Brill Research Perspectives in Religion and the Arts 4, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24688878-12340014.
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Abstract An engaging critical review is offered of scholarly works on Spanish mystical literature during the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Europe and the Americas. Bringing together for the first time an ample variety of sources, and letting the scholars’ own voices be heard, this study asks how their writings were influenced by their particular notions about mysticism and Spain’s relationship with the Orient. A thematic survey like this one illustrates how ideas are created and re-created throughout time, resulting in the production of a more diverse scholarship. Readers will be enriched with a renewed sense of disciplinary awareness.
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Espejo-Cala, Carmen, e Francisco Baena Sánchez. "Front-page illustrations and political powers in Early Modern Spanish journalism". Culture & History Digital Journal 10, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2021): e012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2021.012.
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This paper explores the representation of political powers in the front-page illustrations of Early Modern Spanish newspapers. The knowledge about Early Modern European journalism has undergone a remarkable development in recent decades: however, research on the form of the first newspapers is scarce. The paper presents a corpus of 162 news pamphlets and gazettes published in Seville between 1618 and 1635. An analysis follows considering the presence of engravings on the cover page and their classification. This insight leads to the conclusion that the image did not play a decisive role to draw the attention of readers, even in sensationalist news pamphlets. The illustration is used not to present the events narrated but to stress the genre of the print; about half of the corpus prints have a cover engraving that reproduces a coat of arms, associated with the monarchical power in two thirds of the news sheets: Spanish journalism experienced a growing officialization, prior to the appearance of the first official newspaper of the kingdom, Gazeta Nueva (1661). Also, a small group of news sheets with ecclesiastical or nobiliary coat of arms reveals the interest of local powers in the flourishing of the journalistic market
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Ogaltsev, A. S. "PECULIARITIES OF COMPREHENSION OF CHEKHOV’s WORKS IN SPAIN". Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, n.º 6 (11 de dezembro de 2020): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-6-1072-1077.
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The article deals with the process of comprehension of A.P. Chekhov's works in the Spanish culture. It’s based on Russian and foreign sources. The author of the article demonstrates the most significant moments in the understanding of the Russian writer by Spanish literary critics, theater directors and film directors. The article contains a brief overview of key periodicals and books, plays and film adaptations that illustrate the evolution of comprehension of Chekhov's works. Citations of Spanish culture figures, critics, translators and journalists are given by author's translation from their works and interviews. The article illustrates the period from the first mention of Chekhov's name in the Spanish press in 1894 to the nowadays. The author pays special attention to the first screen versions of the Russian playwright’s plays and the most eccentric experimental staging in the capital and provincial theaters of Spain.
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Guseva, I. V. "Peculiarities of the Phraseology of Mexican National Variant of Spanish Language". MGIMO Review of International Relations, n.º 4(25) (28 de agosto de 2012): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-4-25-219-224.
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This article focuses on some theoretical and practical problems of Mexican phraseology, its historical and cultural sources and points out the difference from Spanish idioms of Pyrenean standard. The collected language material illustrates the variability of Mexican proverbs in speech, depending of the situation of the act of communication, style and reference group of the communicating subject. The article also includes a classification of the main characteristics of Mexican phraseology, that gives a possibility to compare two national variants of Spanish: the Mexican and the Pyrenean one.
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Mosina, S. К. "CYBERDEMOCRACY: A NEW PHENOMENON IN SPANISH SOCIOLINGUISTICS". Title in english 17, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2019): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2019-1-17-108-119.
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Te article analyses ciberdemocracy as a new phenomenon that emerged in the Spanish society in the 21st century. Te development of digital technologies and ICT’s (in particular, Internet), which is substantiated by the statistics for the last decade provided by the Spanish National Institute of Statistics and the comparative analysis of data for 2008 and 2016, created new political instruments and means of getting ideas benefcial to certain political groups across to the electorate. Not only do linguists research into this phenomenon but also the Spanish Government. Te article presents characteristic features of ciberdemocracy, gives its defnition on the basis of those provided by Spanish authors and suggests a fgure that illustrates a systemic functioning of ciberdemocracy. Te influence of the new phenomenon on the Spanish language is analysed from the point of view of social and cognitive linguistics: the emergence of NetSpeak, neologisms, the penetration of emotive lexis into messages due to the limited characters number for one message or post in social netwoks or web-sites, as well as new manipulative instruments of journalese discourse to exercise affect on the audience. Te article contains ideas of possible further changes in the Spanish language due to ciberdemocracy.
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Regagliolo, Alberto. "Roman Numerals in Spanish Primary Education". Journal of Classics Teaching 22, n.º 44 (2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631021000398.
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AbstractThis article illustrates the importance of teaching Roman numerals, a component of a Latin language programme, as part of a Maths curriculum in a Spanish primary school. The aim is to contextualise the topic with concrete examples, supported by ancient Roman objects such as the milestone. The author discusses the relevance of a more integrated cross-curricular lesson to teach Roman numerals so that students better understand their use and make comparisons between ancient Roman and more modern traditions and culture, and to understand Roman influences on the modern age. Lastly, the author describes a teaching experiment in a Spanish primary school using some ad hoc materials to fulfil the aim of the study. The study outlines the positive results of integrating Roman numerals within the Maths lesson and shows that the students gained a richer and more valuable learning experience as they made reference to the concrete objects.
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Fierro, Julieta. "Astronomy Books in Spanish". Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, n.º 3 (2001): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x0000064x.
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Great cultures have created language. They have discovered its strength among other reasons for education. For a long time the Bible was one of the few books available in western culture, its influence is beyond any doubt. Many developing nations have no science books in their mother tongue. They might carry a few translations but these do not convey the local culture so it is harder for students to grasp the concepts and to build on what they know. Books, even if they are extremely simple, should be written in local languages because that will facilitate the conveying of knowledge and the creation of scientific culture. In the books examples that pertain to every day local life must be given, in particular examples that have to do with women. Women play a central role in developing nations by child bearing; if they become literate they will influence enormously the quality of their children’s education, in particular their science comprehension. In México a collection that includes astronomy books has recently been edited by the National Council for Culture and Arts. The books are small and light, which encourages middle-school students to carry them around and read them while traveling in public transportation, such as the subway. Every other page is a new subject, that carries illustrations, abstracts and conclusions. The astronomy books are on search for extraterrestrial life, the stars and the universe. These books are distributed nation-wide and are inexpensive. They have been written by Mexican astronomers.
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ASTIGARRAGA, JESÚS, e JUAN ZABALZA. "THE POPULARIZATION OF POLITICAL ECONOMY IN SPAIN AND LATIN AMERICA THROUGH ENCYCLOPEDIAS (1887–1930)". Journal of the History of Economic Thought 34, n.º 2 (junho de 2012): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s105383721200017x.
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The article analyzes the economic entries of the main Spanish general encyclopedias of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Diccionario enciclopédico (1887–1898) and Enciclopedia universal (1908–1930). Both works include the contributions of prestigious Spanish and Latin American intellectuals, and were designed for distribution in Spain and Latin American markets. Diccionario enciclopédico was the first to introduce the “social question” in its economic entries, which were drafted by the most outstanding Spanish economists at the time. These entries were characterized by the absence of any significant mention of historicism and marginalism, which illustrates the isolationism of Spanish economists during the late nineteenth century. Enciclopedia universal, on the other hand, was not entirely drafted by academic economists. Nevertheless, its economic entries account for a complete outline of marginalism, Marxism, and historicism. Apart from the traditional goals of compiling the intellectual advances made in any area of human knowledge for educational purposes, the economic entries of both encyclopedias aimed at popularizing some kind of economic knowledge in order to prepare minds for the reception of specific doctrines and agendas: the secular social doctrine of Spanish Krausism and the religious Social Catholicism, respectively.
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Herranz-Rubia, Nuria, Verónica Violant, Albert Balaguer e Ana Noreña-Peña. "Applying Qualitative Research to Develop a Guide for Parents of Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy". International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (1 de janeiro de 2020): 160940692092342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920923426.
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Moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a significant cause of neonatal mortality and permanent disability in surviving newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only effective intervention to reduce these outcomes. Being a parent of these babies is a traumatic and strenuous event. To address these difficulties, parents need information and support. The aim of this article is to describe a qualitative methodological process followed to develop a guide for parents of a newborn with HIE receiving TH as an addendum to clinical practice guidelines. The guide based on the experience of parents of newborns with HIE is presented as 16 meaningful questions and a glossary. It provides information to parents about HIE, treatment and care, future outcomes, and coping strategies. The final version, in Spanish and English, has a didactic format with simple wording, parents’ verbatim queries, and illustrations made expressly for the guide. Furthermore, we think showing the methodological process we followed to develop the guide, detailing the difficulties that arose in doing so, and making the reflexivity of the researchers explicit may provide support for other teams undertaking similar projects. Likewise, this article illustrates in a practical way how the perspective of family can be incorporated into clinical practice guidelines.
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Almunia, Miguel, Pol Antràs, David Lopez-Rodriguez e Eduardo Morales. "Venting Out: Exports during a Domestic Slump". American Economic Review 111, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 2021): 3611–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181853.
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We study the relationship between domestic-demand shocks and exports using data for Spanish manufacturing firms in 2002–2013. Exploiting plausibly exogenous geographical variation caused by the Great Recession, we find that firms whose domestic sales declined by more experienced a larger increase in export flows, controlling for firms’ supply determinants. This result illustrates the capacity of export markets to counteract the negative impact of local demand shocks. By structurally estimating a heterogeneous-firm model of exporting with nonconstant marginal costs of production, we conclude that these firm-level responses accounted for half of the spectacular increase in Spanish goods exports over the period 2009–2013. (JEL D22, E32, F14, L60)
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VAZ-DE-MELLO, FERNANDO Z., W. D. EDMONDS, FEDERICO C. OCAMPO e PAUL SCHOOLMEESTERS. "A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Zootaxa 2854, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2854.1.1.
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Presented is a multilingual (English, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French) key to the 119 currently recognized genera and subgenera of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) occurring in the New World. Also included are illustrations of representative species of all taxa included in the key as well as supplementary references to studies at the species level.
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Pato, Enrique. "Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Nicaragua". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, n.º 4 (7 de novembro de 2018): 1059–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0070.
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Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Nicaraguan Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety despite being the subject of one of the pioneering dialectological studies on Spanish (Barreto 1893). With the help of text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys, an updated grammatical overview is provided, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions (coordinators, subordinators, among others), and illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb particle― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of ‑udo/‑uda and ‑oso/‑osa suffixes― in present-day Nicaraguan Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.
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McCullough, June Antablin, Richard H. Wilson, Jonathan D. Birck e Linda G. Anderson. "A Multimedia Approach for Estimating Speech Recognition of Multilingual Clients". American Journal of Audiology 3, n.º 1 (março de 1994): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0301.19.
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Spanish picture-identification materials have been created specifically for presentation in a computer-driven multimedia format. Normative performance data in conventional oral, open-set conditions and in computer-controlled pointing, closed-set conditions are being established for the Spanish Picture-Identification Task and will be forthcoming. The use of auditory/visual materials in the computer-controlled format represents an innovative use of multimedia technology that appears to be uniquely applicable for assessing the growing numbers of multilingual clients. It is reasonable to expect that word lists and corresponding illustrations will be developed soon for many common languages, perhaps stored on CD-ROM and accessed by audiologists through the touch of a button.
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Sepulveda, Charles A. "Hallucinations of the Spanish Imaginary and the Idealized Hotel California". California History 99, n.º 3 (2022): 2–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2022.99.3.2.
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Focusing on the Mission Inn and the Sherman Indian Boarding School in Riverside, this article analyzes an idealized “Hotel California” as a component of what I have called “the Spanish Imaginary.” Just as the Eagles’ song of the same name examines both the mythmaking of Southern California and the American dream, this article describes how that imaginary shapes our collective hallucinations of a time that rightfully should be mourned instead of celebrated. The Mission Inn, which opened in 1902, architecturally portrays the Spanish Imaginary and the mission themes of spirituality, hinting as well at the secular benevolence of the Mexicans and Americans who succeeded the Spanish. This article argues that the pervasive Mission Revival style of architecture that is synonymous with Southern California is a physical manifestation of the anti-Indian ideology that informed the greed and violence of European and American settlement. The newcomers eviscerated the future state’s environment, introducing a genocidal architecture that combines capitalistic culture with an historical imaginary, one that succeeded in drawing millions of settlers to California and became the embodiment of both the American dream and the American nightmare. Both continue to exert their influence: while the Sherman Indian Boarding School has moved away from its Spanish mission roots, today’s Mission Inn presents visitors with the idealized “Hotel California” version of the Golden State’s past, wrapping the reality of Indian slavery and genocide in a distinctive form of plantation nostalgia. Perhaps no other structure in California better illustrates the colonial desires of Spain (then of Mexico, then of the United States) to “civilize” Indigenous peoples than the Sherman Indian Boarding School, whose original design illustrates the collective delusion of the Spanish Imaginary. Opening its doors in 1903, Sherman intentionally drew its design from mission architecture. The choice makes sense, given that both missions and Sherman were designed to transform Native peoples. Both utilized Native bodies for their labor. Both drew sustenance from Native peoples’ difference, and from their availability as a threatening “Other” requiring physical as well as cultural control. The Sherman Indian Boarding School provides a potent site of analysis of the ways that twentieth-century Americans used architecture to harness a mythical past and then bend it to capitalist goals. Moreover, implicating Mission Revival–style architecture in American processes of mythmaking illustrates how colonizers’ notions of race undergirded their spatial colonial logics, in ways that devalued Native peoples in the past and continue to obscure their physical and cultural persistence today.
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CALZADA, SARA MEDINA. "Byron’s Spanish Afterlives: Emilio Castelar’s Vida de Lord Byron". Byron Journal: Volume 49, Issue 2 49, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bj.2021.16.
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This article examines Emilio Castelar’s Vida de Lord Byron (1873), the first Spanish biography of Byron. Borrowing most information from Moore’s and, especially, Lescure’s biographies of the poet, Castelar provides an apologetic and over-romantic portrait of Byron, in which he tries to reconstruct his private life and inner self, depicting him as a tragic hero who, despite his excesses, should be recognised as a universal genius. Castelar’s biography, which became an immediate success, illustrates the keen interest that Byron still aroused in Spain in the late nineteenth century and it deserves to be considered in the study of Spanish Byronism, a cultural phenomenon that includes but should not be limited to the literary reception of his poetry.
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McCreanor, Kyle. "Ireland, the Basques and the Spanish Civil War". Irish Historical Studies 46, n.º 169 (maio de 2022): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2022.7.
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AbstractIn late 1936, two Irishmen arrived in the Spanish Basque Country. One was General Eoin O'Duffy, signing the terms of agreement for an Irish Brigade to support the military uprising against the Second Spanish Republic. Meanwhile, socialist republican George Gilmore journeyed across the Pyrenees in search of a Basque nationalist priest he had met four years earlier. While O'Duffy was drawn into the conflict by traditionalist monarchists from Navarre, his leftist opponents in Ireland mounted a pro-republic propaganda campaign focused on the war effort of the rival Basque nationalists. In effect, a civil war between Basques became entangled with the legacy of the Irish Civil War, as old rivals such as O'Duffy and Gilmore constructed alliances on opposite sides of the conflict as it played out in this small corner of Spain. This article places a new emphasis on the Basque dimension of Ireland's engagement with the Spanish Civil War and illustrates how it was shaped by earlier Basque-Irish relations.
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Bakanova, A. V. "Small Genres of Spanish Folklore". Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 11, n.º 3 (5 de outubro de 2023): 146–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-146-163.
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The article analyzes the small genres of Spanish folklore. Genre is the main form of study in folklore; it translates a certain life experience of the people. The formation of the Spanish genre system was influenced both by Western and Eastern folklore traditions, and Spain itself has repeatedly served as a cultural intermediary. Spanish and Russian folklorists do not share the same take on terminology: Spanish researchers do not typically classify groups of genres according to their volume, therefore proverbs and sayings are studied as part of phraseology, whereas riddles, rhymes, tongue twisters and other texts are perceived as an example of children’s folklore creativity. However, variability of form and versatility of such texts allow us to study them within the framework of a single approach. Since the 15th century small genres have attracted special attention of Spanish scientists; authoritative collections of popular expressions and aphorisms have been published. Proverbs and sayings are also used by linguists as an example of the correct language usage. Thematically, proverbios and refranes touch on topics significant for the spiritual and economic life of a person, reflecting historical periods and social institutions of the past; at the same time, in modern usage, the meaning of paroemias can be reinterpreted. Spanish children’s folklore is represented by such genres as oraciones, inicios de juego, formulillas variadas, trabalenguas, adivinanzas, acertijos, and riddles are the most multifunctional type of them. The genres of children’s folklore are characterized by a particularly strong geographical reference that vividly illustrates the processes of intergenerational continuity, as well as preservation and transmission of national traditions.
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Macias, John J. "In the Shadow of the Spanish Fantasy Heritage". California History 100, n.º 2 (2023): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2023.100.2.31.
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This article presents an overlooked chapter in San Gabriel’s history as it examines the Mexican experience in the historic mission city during the early twentieth century. In the 1910s, enterprising Anglo-American commercial and civic leaders romanticized the city’s Spanish heritage, especially in the area around old Mission San Gabriel, hoping to draw tourists to the newly incorporated city. Simultaneously, the arrival of Mexican immigrants to San Gabriel sparked concern among local leaders who, ironically, viewed the growing Mexican population as a threat to the city’s Spanish fantasy heritage. This article reveals how San Gabriel’s Mexican community harnessed civic leaders’ merchandizing of the city’s history, subverting the Spanish fantasy narrative to celebrate their Mexican history and presence in a city seemingly determined to deny both. It uses Spanish-language accounts, church records, and contemporary local histories to reveal a Mexican community asserting pride in its culture and history. In the process, it illustrates the interplay between San Gabriel’s Mexican community and the Roman Catholic parish at Mission San Gabriel, and the ways in which Mexican radicalism and grassroots mutualistas (mutual-aid societies) shaped the colonia (Mexican neighborhood).
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Ruiz-Zapatero, Gonzalo, e Jesús R. Avarez-Sanchís. "Prehistory, Story-Telling, and Illustrations: The Spanish Past In School Textbooks (1880–1994)". Journal of European Archaeology 3, n.º 1 (março de 1995): 212–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096576695800688296.
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Pato, Enrique. "Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Panamá". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, n.º 4 (12 de novembro de 2019): 1042–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0060.
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Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic features found in present Panamanian Spanish, a lesser known Central American variety. Text corpora and linguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, illustrates with examples taken from both formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of medio as an agreeing adjective instead of an adverb― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -azón and -azo suffixes― in present-day Panamanian Spanish, some of which forms remain to be incorporated in the Academy dictionary.
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Estellés, Maria. "What genres tell us about evidentials and vice versa". Pragmatics and Society 9, n.º 3 (28 de junho de 2018): 402–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.16034.est.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it aims to delve into the influence of contextual discursive factors in determining the type of evidential chosen and the pragmatic functions developed by evidentials in Spanish parliamentary discourse; second, it shows how evidentials can also provide useful new insight on the genre. A corpus study has been carried out studying the Spanish evidential discourse marker al parecer in parliamentary debates. The analysis shows how real examples of al parecer hardly fit any category of evidentials posited previously; data also illustrates how factors such as the discursive role or the part of the parliamentary process do affect the meaning of al parecer and change the pragmatic nuances conveyed by the discourse marker.
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Ballesteros Sánchez, Juan Ramón. "Dos cartas neolatinas inéditas entre los humanistas Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado (1583-1658) e Isaac Casaubon (1559-1614). Edición, traducción y comentario". Nova Tellus 38, n.º 1 (21 de janeiro de 2020): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.nt.2020.38.1.0008.
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The text offers the first edition, Spanish translation and commentary of two Neo-Latin letters exchanged between Lorenzo Ramírez de Prado (1583-1658) and Isaac Casaubon (1559-1614). These letters were the first their authors sent each other. His study illustrates the mechanisms by which the Republic of Letters is managed in late Humanism and allows the reconstruction of the relationship between both scholars.
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Dangler, Jean. "Response to "Using Literary Texts in a History of Sexuality"". La corónica: A Journal of Medieval Hispanic Languages, Literatures, and Cultures 50, n.º 1-2 (setembro de 2021): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cor.2021.a910118.
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Abstract: Inspired by the critical cluster and volume, Queer Iberia , Jean Dangler discusses how the scholarship of Louise Vasvàri, Daniel Eisenberg, and Leora Lev illustrates the implied political, cultural, and linguistic significance of Al-Andalus for Spanish Studies and more broadly for the history of sexuality. Dangler concludes that Al-Andalus and Christian Iberia were often diverse and accommodating places, even as late as the fifteenth century.
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Arráez-Aybar, Luis-Alfonso, Concepción Reblet e José Luis Bueno-López. "Juan Valverde de Amusco: Pioneering the Transfer of Post-Vesalian Anatomy". Anatomia 2, n.º 4 (11 de dezembro de 2023): 450–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/anatomia2040033.
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This article delves into the life and accomplishments of Juan Valverde de Amusco (c. 1525–c. 1587), a Spanish anatomist. Specifically, it focuses on his book titled HISTORIA de la composición del cuerpo humano. The book was the first anatomy opus published after Andreas Vesalius’ De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, written in a Romance language, the Castilian Spanish language, making it the most renowned post-Vesalian anatomy book in Europe and beyond during the 16th and 17th centuries. Compiling complete editions and reproductions of figures, it had 19 editions and several translations. One of its principal contributions was the initial graphical representation of the stapes ossicle. It provided the first accurate description of the pulmonary circulation, vomer bone, and four extraocular rectus muscles. Throughout the book, Valverde corrected numerous of Vesalius’ anatomical observations. HISTORIA de la composición del cuerpo humano was the first anatomy book to use chalcographic illustrations, which are of superior anatomical quality than those printed from engraved wood in Andreas Vesalius’ book. Next, many anatomy textbooks of that time incorporated Valverde’s book illustrations. Valverde’s book was practical, timely, and well referenced, making it a valuable resource for scholars and non-scholars. The conclusion is that Juan Valverde de Amusco merits a place as a pioneer in scientific knowledge transfer.
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Urbani, Bernardo, e Eckhard W. Heymann. "Late eighteenth-century depictions of Peruvian primates in the Codex Martínez Compañón and the Quadro de la Historia Natural Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú". Archives of Natural History 51, n.º 1 (abril de 2024): 146–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2024.0903.
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King Carlos III of Spain supported numerous scientific and intellectual enterprises in Spanish America during the eighteenth century. One was the compilation, between about 1782 and 1785, of a vast ‘paper museum’, the ‘Codex Martínez Compañón’ or ‘Codex Trujillo del Perú’, in the province of Trujillo, Peru. There, the Bishop of Trujillo, Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón, directed the preparation of hundreds of coloured illustrations of the people, geography and natural history of the region. Included were 17 images of mammals classified as primates from Peruvian forests. In 1789, this compilation was shipped to Madrid where some of these illustrations were copied into an impressive oil painting by Louis Thiébaut under the direction of the bishop’s nephew, José Ignacio de Lecuanda. This painting, the Quadro de la Historia Natural Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú (1799), not only included images of almost a dozen primates, but also accompanying descriptions. Forming part of an unusually large painting, these depictions of New World primates served as channels for ideas about exoticism and potential European initiatives in the forested regions of Spanish America before independence. This paper discusses the identification of the primates and some other mammals portrayed in both Martínez Compañón’s Codex and in the Quadro del Perú of Lecuanda and Thiébaut.
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Tavárez, David. "Nahua Intellectuals, Franciscan Scholars, and the Devotio Moderna in Colonial Mexico". Americas 70, n.º 02 (outubro de 2013): 203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500003229.
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In 1570, the Franciscan friar Jerónimo de Mendieta bestowed a rare gift on Juan de Ovando, then president of the Council of Indies. Mendieta placed in Ovando's hands a small manuscript volume in superb Gothic script with illuminated initials and color illustrations, one of several important manuscripts he had brought to Spain for various prominent recipients. Were it not for its contents, one could have thought it a meticulous version of a breviary or a book of hours, but its contents were unprecedented. This tome contained a scholarly Nahuatl translation of the most popular devotional work in Western Europe in the previous century. It was Thomas à Kempis's Imitation of Christ, which caught Iberian Christians under its spell between the 1460s and the early sixteenth century by means of multiple Latin editions and translations into Portuguese, Catalan, and Spanish, including a version in aljamiado (Spanish in Arabic characters). Indeed, a decisive turning point in the Iberian reception of this work had taken place three decades earlier, through the 1536 publication of Juan de Ávila's influential Spanish-language adaptation.
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Tavárez, David. "Nahua Intellectuals, Franciscan Scholars, and theDevotio Modernain Colonial Mexico". Americas 70, n.º 2 (outubro de 2013): 203–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2013.0106.
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In 1570, the Franciscan friar Jerónimo de Mendieta bestowed a rare gift on Juan de Ovando, then president of the Council of Indies. Mendieta placed in Ovando's hands a small manuscript volume in superb Gothic script with illuminated initials and color illustrations, one of several important manuscripts he had brought to Spain for various prominent recipients. Were it not for its contents, one could have thought it a meticulous version of a breviary or a book of hours, but its contents were unprecedented. This tome contained a scholarly Nahuatl translation of the most popular devotional work in Western Europe in the previous century. It was Thomas à Kempis's Imitation of Christ, which caught Iberian Christians under its spell between the 1460s and the early sixteenth century by means of multiple Latin editions and translations into Portuguese, Catalan, and Spanish, including a version in aljamiado (Spanish in Arabic characters). Indeed, a decisive turning point in the Iberian reception of this work had taken place three decades earlier, through the 1536 publication of Juan de Ávila's influential Spanish-language adaptation.
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Martín-Gascón, Beatriz. "Unlocking the power of emotion in L2 Spanish: a study of verbs of affection instruction". ELUA: Estudios de Lingüística. Universidad de Alicante, n.º 40 (28 de julho de 2023): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/elua.24517.
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This study explores one of the most important research lines in the field of Applied Linguistics: the teaching and learning of a second language (L2), and more specifically, of L2 Spanish. Spanish is a rapidly growing language, with a user base that has increased to 591 million, 6 million more than in 2020, according to the latest annual El español en el mundo (Instituto Cervantes, 2021). Spanish is thus becoming one of the most in-demand languages and this requires effective teaching. Through the analysis of seven L2 Spanish textbooks, we aim to examine the theoretical approach underlying the explanations of verbs of affection in Spanish (e.g., me fastidia [‘it bothers me’], me encanta [‘I love’]), as this grammatical construction is complex for a non-native speaker. Based on the findings, this investigation endeavors to provide pedagogical illustrations of how cognitive linguistics can be an advantageous method in teaching and learning psych verbs. The results of the study indicate that while all teaching materials are based on the classical communicative paradigm, none of them provide a cognitive perspective for the instruction of psych verbs in the early stages of learning or across the entire spectrum of emotions. This disregard for grammatical meaning and systematic treatment of these linguistic forms results in a reduced focus on their formal aspects, neglecting the changes in meaning that occur based on the focus on the stimulus or experiencer. This approach to teaching emotions grammar is viewed as mechanical and artificial.
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MITCHELL, STACEY E. "‘¿Cómo no meter la pata en literatura?’: Untangling Authorship and Translation in España negra (1899) by Darío de Regoyos". Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 99, n.º 8 (1 de setembro de 2022): 739–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2022.45.
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In 1899, Spanish painter Darío de Regoyos published España negra, a travel book inspired by the journey around Spain that he had made with Belgian poet Émile Verhaeren in 1888. The book comprises fragments of Verhaeren’s ‘Impressions d’artiste’ (1888) [Artist’s Impressions] - a series of articles the poet wrote about his experiences in Spain - that Regoyos translated from French to Spanish and published, together with his own prose and illustrations under the evocative title España negra. This article examines the results and idiosyncrasies of Regoyos’s translation and how the hermeneutic and contemplative processes of translating allowed the painter to assert his authorship in España negra. As he translated, corrected and betrayed ‘Impressions d’artiste’ throughout España negra, Regoyos recast Verhaeren’s melancholy portrait of Spain as a critical reflection on the stereotypes and realities then shaping the nation.
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Pato, Enrique. "Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de Honduras". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 137, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2021): 147–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2021-0005.
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Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Honduran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features ―such as the use of con todo y and the pluralization of impersonal haber― as well as some specific patterns ―such as the prominence of -ada and -eco suffixes, algotro pronoun and expletive lo― in present-day Honduran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar.
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Jiménez-Gómez, Isidro, Jaime López-Díez e Gema Bonales-Daimiel. "The Imaginary of an Invisible Enemy: The SARS-CoV-2 Virion on the Spanish TV News". Tripodos 2, n.º 47 (5 de fevereiro de 2021): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51698/tripodos.2020.47p127-144.
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During epidemiological crises, traditional media have played an essential informational role. In this paper we analyze the imaginary of COVID-19 and, specifically, of the representation of the virion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through news reports from the main Spanish TV channels. This virion, represented as an “invisible enemy” that has confined half of the world population, is presented in the news using 3D illustrations that highlight its roughened surface and elongated spikes ending in tentacles, an image that does not cor-respond to scientific illustrations. These and other attributes suggest that the imaginary of COVID-19 has inherited the imaginary of other previous episodes of coronaviruses being not scientifically accurate but motivated by the journalistic objective of representing the main characteristics of the virus and the severity of the danger. Keywords: visual communication, health risk communication, television news, COVID-19, pandemic.
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Beck, Lauren. "Beads and Ceremony: The Collision of Pan-American, European, African, and Asian Bead Networks in the Sixteenth-Century Spanish Empire". Religions 14, n.º 10 (23 de outubro de 2023): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101335.
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A powerful bead network that wove together a transcontinental tapestry of cultures predated the Spanish invasion of the Americas. Beads created in the northeastern Atlantic world found themselves in Aztec and Incan territories, as did beads made from rocks found in the Pacific Northwest, all of which had been borne along trade networks that have existed for ages. Sixteenth-century illustrations found in the Mexican codices demonstrate the traditional manufacture of beads, which were used for a range of quotidian and ceremonial purposes. Since medieval times, Spaniards employed beads, called rescate, as currency for inequitable trade, whether for slaves or precious metals. The Spanish invasion introduced beads manufactured in other parts of the world to the Americas to form part of the ceremonial and spiritually endowed objects and ceremonies, and vice versa, American beads made their way into Spanish clothing and religious objects such as the rosary. A significant infusion of new beads from Spain rushed into the American bead network in the sixteenth century, some of which had international origins from places such as Venice, India, and West Africa. As material objects, beads negotiated intercultural relationships in powerful ways throughout the Spanish empire: beads were involved in treaties, territorial agreements, prayer, spiritual relations, wayfinding, and most importantly, ceremony. This article maps out the collision of bead networks within the sixteenth-century Spanish empire so as to flesh out the similar and innovative uses of beads, whether among Native American, Afro-descendant, or European communities, and their connection to spiritual and ceremonial practices.
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Gálvez, Ana, Francisco Tirado e José Manuel Alcaráz. "Resisting long working hours: The case of Spanish female teleworkers". German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung 32, n.º 3-4 (25 de julho de 2018): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397002218782174.
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Spain has some of the longest working days in the European Union and this presents problems for women employees, especially with regard to their work–life balance. Teleworking has been introduced as a possible solution. Our article analyses this working relationship and shows how female teleworkers produce new interpretations of time, space and agency. When it comes to time, we conclude that there is ‘gendered time’ and ‘resistance time’. This (a) illustrates how women who telework deploy different approaches in the way they relate to their temporal, spatial and material worlds, and (b) defines a particular type of agency associated with teleworking that vindicates their condition as both female workers and mothers, and denounces a patriarchal labour model designed by and for men.
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Pato, Enrique. "Principales rasgos gramaticales del español de El Salvador". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 138, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 192–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2022-0006.
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Abstract This work offers an in-depth description of the main morphosyntactic (and lexical) features found in present Salvadoran Spanish, a lesser-known Central American variety. Text corpora and sociolinguistic surveys help us to provide an updated grammatical overview, which takes into account most categories: nouns and adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and locutions, and illustrates with examples taken both from formal and informal settings. By comparing these features with previous grammatical descriptions, this study helps in identifying some common American features —such as the use of hasta (que) and una mi amiga— as well as some specific patterns —such as the prominence of -ado and -oso suffixes, utualito adverb, algotro pronoun and old expletive lo— in present-day Salvadoran Spanish, some of which remain to be incorporated in the Academy grammar (simasito adverb, al no más + infinitive locution).
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Jordà Mathiasen, Eivor. "A study of gender in a bilingual law dictionary (English/Spanish)". Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 30, n.º 1 (23 de novembro de 2017): 370–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.30.1.15jor.
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Abstract Dictionaries are means of transmission of words and senses as a reflection of the prejudices and beliefs of their time. This paper takes a look into the ten editions of the Diccionario de términos jurídicos (Inglés-español/Spanish-English) by Enrique Alcaraz Varó and Brian Hughes to see how gender is treated. The analysis takes place both on the macrostructural and the microstructural level, and it illustrates the sexism present in the traditional lexicographical practice in Spanish dictionaries. Among others we have confirmed the presence of certain approaches such as: the concealment of women (by use of the generic masculine or an androcentric treatment of professions), or the presentation of stereotyped portraits of men and women and their relationship (by the selection of semantic fields referred exclusively to women or non-neutral examples of use in terms of gender).