Bibliografias temáticas / Soviets of People's Deputies

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Soviets of People's Deputies"

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Publicado: 29 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Soviets of People's Deputies"

Povlyuchenko, V. A. "THE PRACTICE OF SOLVING URBAN PLANNING PROBLEMS BY THE COUNCILS OF PEOPLE'S DEPUTIES OF KUIBYSHEV IN 1977-1985". Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 4, n.º 2 (2022): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2022-4-2-73-77.

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The article is devoted to the actions of the Soviets of People's Deputies of Kuibyshev in 1977-1985 on issues related to solving the most important social problems of housing, health care and the construction of social and cultural facilities. The author focuses on formation of the city budget, the financing of housing construction in the face of an increasing need for housing due to population growth and the destruction of pre-revolutionary residential buildings. The positionson these issues of the heads of the city administration, A. Rosovsky and G. Gusarova, are revealed.The author concludes that the authority of local Soviets of People's Deputies in the social and economic development was enormous. Despite the fact that some activities of the Soviets did not involve large material costs, the most important of them, such as the construction of housing for the population, the provision of housing and communal services, health care, education, and social security of the population, required huge resources. The expansion of social spending is noticeable against the backdrop of a clear decline in production volumes and economic growth rates. In general, the practice of solving urban planning problems in this period was implemented quite successfully, which confirms the conclusion that during this period the work of the Soviet of People's Deputies was carried out effectively and met the needs of society.

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Sukhonos, V. V. "THE SOVIET MODEL OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE OF THE FATE OF THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY: THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS". Legal horizons, n.º 18 (2019): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p20.

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The article is devoted to the constitutional and legal issues of local government organizations. The main attention is paid to the Soviet model of local government, which, in the period of the industrialization of the country, focused on the further strengthening of the Soviet state apparatus, the deployment of the so-called “Soviet democracy” and the fight against bureaucratic defects. However, such a situation as a whole was not typical of the Soviet system. That is why the Bolsheviks attempts to attract the poor sections of the rural population. However, success in this direction was caused not so much by the strengthening of the Soviet economy as a whole, but by the opportunity for the rural poor to plunder wealthy peasants, which had developed because of the dictatorship of the proletariat existing in the USSR. Subsequently, the Bolshevik Party raised the issue of organizing special groups of poverty or factions for an open political struggle to attract the middle peoples to the proletariat and to isolate wealthy peasants (the so-called “kulaks”) during the elections to the Soviets, cooperatives, etc. With the onset of socialist reconstruction, there was a need to organize poverty, because it was an important element and the establishment of “Soviet democracy in the countryside.” The Stalin Constitution of 1936 transformed the Soviets. From 1918, they were called the Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies, and now, with the entry into force of the Stalin Constitution, the Soviets of Workers’ Deputies. This transformation of the Soviets reflected the victory of the socialist system throughout the national economy, radical changes in the class composition of Soviet society, and a new triumph of “socialist democracy”. In addition, the “victory of socialism” in the USSR made possible the transition to universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot. On December 24 and 29, 1939, citizens of the Soviet Union elected their representatives to the local Soviets of Workers’ Deputies. 99.21 % of the total number of voters took part in the vote. The election results are another testament to the growing influence of the Bolshevik Party on the population of the Soviet Union, which has largely replaced the activities of the Soviets themselves, including the local ones. Holding elections to the regional, regional, district, district, city, village and settlement councils of workers’ deputies completed the restructuring of all state bodies in accordance with the Stalin Constitution and on its basis. With the adoption in 1977 of the last Constitution of the USSR, the councils of workers’ deputies were renamed the councils of people’s deputies. In 1985, the last non-alternative elections were held for 52,041 local councils, and in 1988, their structure became more complicated: there were presidencies organizing the work of regional, regional, autonomous regions, autonomous districts, district, city and rayon in the cities of Soviets. People’s Deputies. Within the framework of the city (city subordination), village, and town councils, this work is carried out directly by the heads of the designated Councils. On December 26, 1990, the Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR introduced regular amendments to the Constitution of the USSR, which formally abolished the Presidencies, but did not prohibit their existence. On September 5, 1991, the Constitution of 1977 was effectively abolished. Finally, it happened after December 26, 1991, when the USSR actually ceased to exist. Thus, existing in the USSR during the period of socialist reconstruction and subsequent transformations that began with the processes of industrialization and ended as a result of the collapse of the USSR, the model of local government organization remained ineffective due to its actual replacement by the activities of the governing bodies of the ruling Communist Party. Keywords: Local Government; the system of Councils; local Councils; Council of Deputies of the working people; Council of People’s Deputies; Soviet local government.

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Karchaeva, Tat’iana G. "Socio-Cultural Appearance of Employees of the Lower Soviet Administrative Apparatus of Eastern Siberia in the First Half of the 1920s". Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 14, n.º 8 (agosto de 2021): 1219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0797.

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The study tested members of volost executive committees, deputies, chairmen and secretaries of village Soviets that served in the Yeniseisk and Irkutsk Governates from 1921 till 1925. Village Soviets were meetings of deputies elected to fulfill people’s right to power. Volost executive committees were administrative and executive public service for village Soviets. In accordance with archival materials, we determined that 1,357 village Soviets worked in the Yenisesk Governate in 1923 (including Achinsk, Yeniseisk, Kansk, Krasnoyarsk, Minusinsk, Turukhansk uyezds). 782 inhabitants and 1.9 villages formed one village Soviet in the Yeniseisk Governate of several members. On average, one village Soviet included 4–5 members. The number of residents in one village of the Yeniseisk Governate was 404, and 7,071 people lived in one volost. Moreover, 9 village Soviets formed one volost executive committee of 41 members. 460 village Soviets were located in the Irkutsk Governate in 1923(including sparsely populated Balagansky, Selenginsky, Kirensky, Ziminsky, Verkholensky, Irkutsk, Tulunsky uyezds). Therefore, one volost Executive Committee included 32 members. 256 people lived in one village in the Irkutsk Governate; 6,839 inhabitants lived in one volost. Socio-cultural image of employees in the Yeniseisk Governate’s volost Executive Committees was not an elite image: 64 % communists; 83 % peasants; 17 % workers and intellectuals; 2.4 % had a higher education level; 67 % had secondary education level; 30 % had primary education level; 0.6 % had a home education level; however, there weren’t any illiterates. The Irkutsk Governate’s volost Executive Committees included: 37 % communists; 85 % peasants; 15 % workers and intellectuals; 99 % had higher, secondary and primary education levels. However, members of village Soviets were more democratic than members of volost Executive Committees. For example, 15 % of village Soviets’ deputies were illiterate in the Yeniseisk Governate. Moreover, 16 % of deputies were illiterate in the Irkutsk Governate. Other deputies had lower and home education level. Only 11 % of village Soviets’ deputies were communists in the Yeniseisk Governate. 9 % of deputies were communists in the village Soviets in the Irkutsk Governate. Importantly, 99 % were men among local administrators in Eastern Siberia. Although gender equality was proclaimed in Soviet Russia, it was absent in the Yeniseisk and Irkutsk Governates in the first half of the 1920s. As a result, members of the volost executive committees and village Soviets in Eastern Siberia were ordinary people. They did not have any professional experience; and they had a low level of work ethics. To analyze the information about members of volost Executive Committees, deputies, chairmen and secretaries of village Soviets we used archival materials of the Fund No. 393 «People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR» from the State Archives of the Russian Federation (Moscow)

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Sheremet, K. F. "Local Soviets of People's Deputies and the Right to Labour". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 3, Issue 3 (1 de setembro de 1987): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl1987016.

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Mironov, B. N. "Collective Portrait of Deputies of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and Union Republics in 1938–1989". Modern History of Russia 13, n.º 1 (2023): 141–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.109.

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In 1938–1989, Supreme Soviets of the USSR and Union Republics were the successors of the Congresses of Soviets and performed the same functions assigned to them by the ruling party — to approve and convert the decisions of the Сommunist Party into laws, to support the policy pursued by the party and the government, to legitimize the existing regime. The Soviets performed these functions quite successfully due to the fact that the deputy corps included people from all social groups loyal to the regime and at the same time influential, authoritative, and well-known throughout the country. A simple Soviet citizen believed in the deputies and the real power of the Supreme Soviets, thanks to which the Soviets, having no real power, had great symbolic power, which allowed them until 1989 to maintain the trust of the people in the Soviet system and the communist project. In 1938–1989, the composition of the deputies of the Supreme Soviets of the USSR and the union republics underwent important changes: there was an in increase in the proportion of workers and peasants, women, educated people, and people of mature and senior age; the proportion of employees, Russians and semi-literate people decreased. The deputies’ corps became more balanced in all respects and significantly more educated, but members and candidates of the Communist Party, men, employees, intellectuals, functionaries, were still overrepresented, and non-party workers, peasants and Russians were underrepresented. In general, the deputy corps was comprised of the elite; the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics — of the national elite of the titular peoples. They were not professional politicians, as in Western parliaments, but the elite. For the majority of deputies, activity in the Soviets was not the main profession, but an honorable part-time job on a voluntary basis.

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Clark, Terry D. "A House Divided: A Roll-call Analysis of the First Session of the Moscow City Soviet". Slavic Review 51, n.º 4 (1992): 674–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2500131.

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The March 1990 elections to republican and local Soviets in the USSR resulted in the transfer of power from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to the nascent democratic movement in a number of republics and localities. Among these was the Moscow City Soviet (Mossoviet). Of the 472 people's deputies elected to the Mossoviet, the clear majority were elected under the umbrella of the political bloc Democratic Russia. Running on a platform calling for the rejection of continued CPSU control of political life in the Soviet Union and Moscow, Democratic Russia's candidates won decisively in a majority of the electoral districts.

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Akimova, Tatiana Mikhailovna. "Soviets of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers' Deputies in memorandum of E. G. Gerasimov (Gerasin) of June 14, 1918". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 10 (outubro de 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.10.36585.

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This article discusses the a memorandum of the member of the Control and Audit Committee under the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs – Efim Grigorievich Gerasimov (Gerasin). Having supported the socialist movement and subsequently the February and October Revolutions of 1917 since his youth years, the author of the document has analyzed the system of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers 'and Peasants' Deputies that established on the local level in late 1917 – early 1918 and gradually replaced the county self-government. The value of the source lies in the fact that the author of self-censorship revealed the flaws of the new local government, having expressed the concern that they may lead to a civil war in the country. E. G. Gerasimov (Gerasin) dedicated particular attention to the problem of dialogue between the Soviet deputies and central government, and proposed to institute the post of special emergency mediators for controlling the execution of all provisions and “encourage” the representatives of the Soviets. The conclusion is made that the elimination of the existing flaws required the so-called “democratic centralism” in Russia, which suggested the combination of electivity of local administration along with the governing and supervisory power of the central administration. In this regard, the content of the document allows taking a look at the Soviets of Workers', Peasants', and Soldiers’ Deputies through the prism of a person who worked in that system, without idealization or “touchup”.

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Sadovnikova, G. D. "Procedural norms and their significance in the implementation of the competence of representative bodies". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)) 1, n.º 12 (22 de março de 2024): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.112.12.135-143.

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On the eve of the centenary of the birth of Professor E. I. Kozlova, who devoted her scientific life to the study of the problems of democracy and the forms of its implementation, attention should be paid to the problem of improving the mechanisms of parliamentary activity, which she repeatedly raised in her writings of the soviet period. Revealing the legal nature and essence of the representative bodies of the soviet period — the soviets of workers’ deputies, later — the Soviets of People’s deputies, in the post-Soviet period — parliaments, E.I. Kozlova emphasized the enduring importance of the procedures of the representative bodies. Analyzing the scientific heritage of Professor E. I. Kozlova, the author substantiates the relevance of the scientist’s conclusions and proposals for modern representative bodies, defines some directions for the development of the scientist’s ideas.

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Avdoshkina, Olga V., Konstantin M. Parshin e Anton A. Potapov. "PARSHIN MIKHAIL ALEXANDROVICH – AN OUTSTANDING WAGON ENGINEER AND A PUBLIC CHARACTER OF THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY". Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 19, n.º 2 (2022): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2022-19-2-185-199.

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his article is devoted to the main stages of the life and work of Parshin Mikhail Alexandrovich, a carriage service engineer, who had been working on the Stalingrad, Amur, Chinese-Changchun and Far Eastern Railways, as well as in the Soviets elected bodies of the Khabarovsk Territory (Executive committee of Railway District Council of Workers' Deputies of Khabarovsk, the Regional Administration of Local Industry of the Council of People's Deputies of Workers of the Khabarovsk Territory) and in Khabarovsk Institute of Railway Engineers (KhabIIZhT). The article also highlights the features of his activities, labor exploits, awards and incentives for the work done. The article pays attention to historical background and developments of Mikhail Alexandrovich’s work. The work addresses to reading public and shows an importance of honor and self-sacrificing labor not only during the difficult war years, but also in peacetime.

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Vashchuk, Angelina S., e Nikolay S. Vorontsov. "Attitude of the Political Elite of the Primorye to Privatization in 1990–92: Materials from the State Archives of the Primorsky Krai". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2020): 590–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-2-590-601.

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The article is devoted to analysis of heuristic capabilities of the archival documents from the fonds of the State Archive of the Primorsky Krai, which reflect the initial period of the privatization in the Primorye. It studies the formation of regulatory framework for denationalization and privatization in the light of regional specifics, as well as the opinions and expectations of the regional political elite members concerning problems and prospects of practical implementation of the first privatization programs. The research has been carried out mainly on the basis of records management materials of the Soviet of People's Deputies of the Primorsky Krai and that of the city of Vladivostok. The basis of the article is sessions minutes the Soviets of the city and regional level. The authors take into account the source’s limitations and supplement it with information extracted from other types of sources, both published and unpublished. Identified archival documents are analyzed using a synergistic approach and elements of hermeneutics. The authors also use a situational approach and elements of content analysis of the minutes’ texts. The views of the Primorye political elite on the privatization course set by the Russian government during the post-Soviet transit were influenced by various factors and events, some of which occurred in the power structures of the federal center. Most local politicians embraced the beginning privatization quite enthusiastically. They were influenced by the myth of possibly fair and equitable privatization, as well as by their own interests and ideological convictions. The analysis focuses considerable attention on the role of individual in the history of privatization in the region, exemplified by V.S. Kuznetsov, the first post-Soviet governor of the Primorye and by deputies of the local Soviets. The authors conclude that the minutes had not just information function, but provided a tool for self-organization of the local political elite in the context of political crisis.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Soviets of People's Deputies"

Kim, Seongjin. "Regionalism in the Congresses of People's Deputies of the USSR and Russia : a case study of Siberia and the Russian Far East". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2447/.

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This study is concerned with the influence of regionalism in the Congresses of People's Deputies of the USSR and Russia between 1989 and 1993 and its implications for future reform including the development of federal relations in Russia. In particular, emphasis will be placed on regionalist tendencies developed in Siberia and the Russian Far East. After perestroika, the discussion of federal relations showed varieties of possible developments, ranging from a unitary system to a confederation. Despite these varieties, it appears to be generally perceived that stable and 'genuine' federal relations are required in Russia. However, little attention has been paid to the role of the newly re-emerging political actor, the deputies of the central legislature, who are directly engaged in the establishment of such federal relations. This study reaches three main conclusions. First of all, regional socio-economic disparities affected the attitudes of deputies towards reform, including changes in centre-periphery relations. Secondly, the analysis suggests that at least two main streams of regionalism were developed during 1989-1993: one developed in the Congress by the regional deputy groups, and the other outside the Congresses by regional political leaders. Thirdly, despite growing regionalist tendencies in Russia at that time, regional political actors were not strong enough to initiate a federal structure of their preference, lacking horizontal and vertical coordination. This discussion of regionalism in the Congress leads us to a further conclusion that regional interest articulation was rather chaotic, hampering legislation of policies and thus facilitating the regionalisation of reform. Despite strong regionalist tendencies in some sub-national units, particularly based on ethno-nationalist sentiments, such a development may erode the legacy of reform as well as regional autonomy itself.

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Dickins, Alistair. "Krasnoiarsk, 1917 : the making of Soviet power in central Siberia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/krasnoiarsk-1917-the-making-of-soviet-power-in-central-siberia(13dedc21-482d-4330-adf3-d9243ec5e512).html.

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This thesis investigates the formation of power structures in a revolutionary setting. It takes as a case study the central Siberian city of Krasnoiarsk, in which a powerful Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies emerged during the period March-October 1917. The Krasnoiarsk Soviet was an elective council established during the overthrow of Tsarist authorities. Throughout 1917, it became a vital component of an emerging local and regional power structure, assuming growing responsibility for a number of core state tasks. As well as providing a new empirical case study to English-language literature on 1917, the thesis employs a nuanced analytical approach which challenges existing conceptualisations of state power in revolution and the role played by local soviets. State power in revolutionary Russia has often been viewed as something to be contested between different political groupings and organisations seeking to assert their own outright control. This view is captured neatly by the formulation of “dual power”, in which soviets and Provisional Government organisations constructed alternative power bases in an attempt to wield outright control. Accordingly, the soviets’ growing political strength indicated an ability to marginalise other groups and organisations seeking to wield power. By contrast, this thesis does not seek to explain how power in revolutionary Krasnoiarsk was “captured” or otherwise controlled by the Soviet alone. Instead, it applies a critical interpretation of state power proposed by Bob Jessop and other theorists, who view the state as a site of interaction and negotiation between multiple autonomous organisations and social actors, all of which have a stake in the way it operates in practice. It focuses on the emergence of a “soviet power” writ small, in which the Krasnoiarsk Soviet became an authoritative organisation within a broader constellation of revolutionary actors. Without denying the Soviet’s centrality within this power structure, the thesis does not explain its role simply as the monopolisation of authority over other would-be contenders. Rather, it sees the Soviet’s importance in its ability to establish itself as a focal point for interactions between multiple actors which, collectively, shaped state power at a local and regional level. It considers how the forms and practices of revolutionary power developed through these interactions and how these interactions in turn transformed the roles of actors and organisations engaging them. In order to unpick the complex and dynamic processes of revolutionary power, the thesis employs three core methodological concepts: institutions, mobilisation, and ideology. It makes several important and original arguments. Firstly, it emphasises the autonomy of social actors which supported the Soviet and engaged in its politics, demonstrating the extent to which they were able to shape its political functions and structures according to their own concerns. Secondly, it reveals the importance of skilled administrative personnel to Soviet work, highlighting the invaluable practical roles they played in the regulation of provisions and their ability to influence Soviet policy measures on this issue. Thirdly, it demonstrates the close cooperation between the Soviet and other local governmental and administrative bodies, including the city Duma and provisions regulatory organisations, which remained vital to fulfilling state functions throughout 1917. Finally, it discusses how the Soviet and socialist activists challenged established power relationships between Krasnoiarsk, as a locality, and all-Russian state authorities, revealing the growing importance they attached to securing greater local autonomy in revolution and the changing ways local actors viewed their role in wider all-Russian politics.

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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, e Bogdan Derevyanko. "Створення регіональних ПФГ як засіб подолання проблем регіонів". Thesis, Донецький національний університет, 2003. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6688.

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Для вирішення проблем окремих областей і регіонів шляхом створення ПФГ, головною метою яких постане реалізація соціально-економічних програм, затверджених обласними радами народних депутатів (регіональних ПФГ), необхідне законодавче закріплення можливості створення регіональних ПФГ внесенням до статті 1 Закону про ПФГ норми з наступним змістом: «Регіональна ПФГ – ПФГ, метою створення якої є реалізація соціально-економічних програм, затверджених обласними радами народних депутатів», і можливості отримання пільг такими групами, внесенням до статті 4 Закону про ПФГ загальної норми: «Головне підприємство та учасники ПФГ можуть отримувати пільги місцевих органів державної влади». Користуючись положеннями ГК України, Законами та даною нормою, запропонованою до статті 4 Закону про ПФГ, регіональні органи місцевого самоврядування зможуть надавати певну кількість пільг головному підприємству та/або учасникам ПФГ, стимулюючи їх до виконання певних державних програм розвитку економіки і одночасного вирішення місцевих проблем. Для решения проблем отдельных областей и регионов путем создания ПФГ, главной целью которых будет реализация социально-экономических программ, утвержденных областными советами народных депутатов (региональных ПФГ), необходимо законодательное закрепление возможности создания региональных ПФГ. To solve the problems of individual areas and regions by creating industrial-financial groups, whose primary purpose rise of social and economic programs approved by Regional Councils of People's Deputies (regional groups) necessary legislative confirmation possibility of creation regional IFG introduction to the Article 1 of the industrial-financial Act of relevant norm.

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Деревянко, Богдан Володимирович, Богдан Владимирович Деревянко e Bohdan Volodymyrovych Derevianko. "Створення регіональних ПФГ як засіб подолання проблем регіонів". Thesis, Донецький національний університет, 2003. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49399.

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Для вирішення проблем окремих областей і регіонів шляхом створення ПФГ, головною метою яких постане реалізація соціально-економічних програм, затверджених обласними радами народних депутатів (регіональних ПФГ), необхідне законодавче закріплення можливості створення регіональних ПФГ внесенням до статті 1 Закону про ПФГ норми з наступним змістом: «Регіональна ПФГ – ПФГ, метою створення якої є реалізація соціально-економічних програм, затверджених обласними радами народних депутатів», і можливості отримання пільг такими групами, внесенням до статті 4 Закону про ПФГ загальної норми: «Головне підприємство та учасники ПФГ можуть отримувати пільги місцевих органів державної влади». Користуючись положеннями ГК України, Законами та даною нормою, запропонованою до статті 4 Закону про ПФГ, регіональні органи місцевого самоврядування зможуть надавати певну кількість пільг головному підприємству та/або учасникам ПФГ, стимулюючи їх до виконання певних державних програм розвитку економіки і одночасного вирішення місцевих проблем.
Для решения проблем отдельных областей и регионов путем создания ПФГ, главной целью которых будет реализация социально-экономических программ, утвержденных областными советами народных депутатов (региональных ПФГ), необходимо законодательное закрепление возможности создания региональных ПФГ.
To solve the problems of individual areas and regions by creating industrial-financial groups, whose primary purpose rise of social and economic programs approved by Regional Councils of People's Deputies (regional groups) necessary legislative confirmation possibility of creation regional IFG introduction to the Article 1 of the industrial-financial Act of relevant norm.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Soviets of People's Deputies"

Barabashev, G. V. Soviets of People's Deputies: Democracy and administration. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1989.

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Barabashev, G. V. Soviets and people's deputies: Democracy and administration. Moscow: Progress, 1989.

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Soviet Union. Sʺezd Narodnykh Deputatov. First Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, 25 May-9 June 1989: The stenographic record. [Gulf Breeze, FL]: Academic International Press, 1993.

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Soviet Union. Sʺezd Narodnykh Deputatov. The U.S.S.R. First Congress of People's Deputies: Complete documents and records, May 25, 1989-June 1, 1989. New York, NY: Paragon House, 1991.

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Deputatov, Soviet Union Sʺezd Narodnykh. On the political and legal assessment of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty of 1939: Materials of the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR : December 1989. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Pub. House, 1990.

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Deputatov, Soviet Union Sʺezd Narodnykh. A discussion on the decisions adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic on March 10-12, 1990: Materials of the Special Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Moscow: [s.n.], 1990.

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Soviet Union. Sʺezd Narodnykh Deputatov. A discussion on the decisions adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic on March 10-12, 1990: Materials of the Special Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, from a stenographic report of the sittings held on March 13 and 15, 1990. Moscow: Congress of Peoples Deputies of the USSR, 1990.

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International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Guidebook for repeat elections of people's deputies of Ukraine, November 20, 1994. Kyiv: IFES, 1994.

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Gorbachev, M. S. Speech by USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev: The special third congress of people's deputies of the USSR : Moscow, Kremlin, March 15, 1990. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency, 1990.

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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. S"ezd narodnykh deputatov. Documents and materials: [resolutions of and speeches to the] Congressof People's Deputies of the USSR, Moscow, Kremlin, May 25-June 9 1989. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency, 1989.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Soviets of People's Deputies"

Kiernan, Brendan. "The Congress of People's Deputies". In The End of Soviet Politics, 73–87. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429310492-5.

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Shevardnadze, Edvard. "Speech to the Congress of People's Deputies, December 20, 1990". In The Soviet System in Crisis, 698–99. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314810-60.

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Kryuchkov, Vladimir. "Speech to the Congress of People's Deputies, December 22, 1990". In The Soviet System in Crisis, 700–702. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314810-61.

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Scarborough, Isaac McKean. "1989". In Moscow's Heavy Shadow, 61–81. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501771026.003.0005.

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This chapter elaborates on the Soviet Union's unavoidable economic downturn. It highlights the growing societal frustration in the Tajik SSR. Throughout the USSR, the political mobilization allowed by Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost and alternative nodes of political power allowed people the opportunity to voice their frustrations and draw upon increasing social fragmentation. Despite the rising violence, Moscow consistently emphasized the need to allow greater local initiative and democratization. Moreover, instead of addressing the immediate socioeconomic needs that were leading people to protest and violence, Gorbachev and his advisors doubled down on a reorganization of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet government and creating the Congress of People's Deputies to debate and pass reform legislation.

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Yeltsin, Boris. "Speech to the Russian Federation Congress of People's Deputies, Moscow, May 22, 1990". In The Soviet System in Crisis, 334–37. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429314810-28.

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Brovkin, Vladimir N. "The Making of Elections to the Congress of People's Deputies (CPD) in March 1989". In The Soviet Union, 471–96. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351145206-20.

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Ro'i, Yaacov. "The Position of the Soviet Political Establishment". In The Bleeding Wound, 98–122. Stanford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503628748.003.0005.

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Those who decided to intervene in Afghanistan deluded themselves that the intervention would be short-lived and perhaps not even involve Soviet troops in fighting and so not lead to Soviet casualties. It was soon clear that the actual situation was very different. The Kremlin, however, refrained from seriously contemplating withdrawal. The three old and sick General-Secretaries of the early 1980s – Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko – were incapable of admitting their error Withdrawal began to be considered only after the accession to power in March 1985 of Mikhail Gorbachev, who had not been involved in the decision to intervene, and even then it took over three years to finally announce a timetable for implementation. The chapter looks in particular at the role of domestic public opinion in the decision to withdraw and in the condemnation of the intervention by the Congress of People's Deputies.

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Feldbrugge, F. J. M. "The Soviet Parliament: Congress of People’s Deputies and Supreme Soviet". In Russian Law, 146–51. Brill | Nijhoff, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004634442_033.

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Gorbachev, Mikhail. "Report to the Congress of People’s Deputies". In Gorbachev and the Decline of Ideology in Soviet Foreign Policy, 118–20. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429043000-18.

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"3 Two Systems for Electing People's Deputies". In Restructuring Political Power in China, 63–96. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781685851927-006.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Soviets of People's Deputies"

BARDANOV, N. S. "THE ROLE OF THE SOVIETS OF WORKERS’, SOLDIERS’ AND PEASANTS’ DEPUTIES IN THE HISTORY OF BURYATIA". In Scientific conference, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0521-6-2018-42-43.

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