Bibliografias temáticas / South Africa – History – South African War, 1899-1902

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Publicado: 29 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "South Africa – History – South African War, 1899-1902"

Miller, Stephen M., e Bill Nasson. "The South African War, 1899-1902". Journal of Military History 64, n.º 2 (abril de 2000): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/120277.

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Grundy, Kenneth W., e Bill Nasson. "The South African War 1899-1902". American Historical Review 105, n.º 5 (dezembro de 2000): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652211.

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Rotberg, Robert I. "The Jameson Raid: An American Imperial Plot?" Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, n.º 4 (março de 2019): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01341.

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South Africa’s Jameson Raid ultimately betrayed African rights by transferring power to white Afrikaner nationalists after helping to precipitate the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902). The Raid also removed Cecil Rhodes from the premiership of the Cape Colony; strengthened Afrikaner control of the South African Republic (the Transvaal) and its world-supplying gold mines; and motivated the Afrikaner-controlled consolidation of segregation in the Union of South Africa, and thence apartheid. Perceptively, Charles van Onselen’s The Cowboy Capitalist links what happened on the goldfields of South Africa to earlier labor unrest in Idaho’s silver mines. Americans helped to originate the Raid and all of the events in its wake.

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Lamphear, John, e Bill Nasson. "The South African War 1899-1902". International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, n.º 2 (2000): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220744.

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Skubko, Yury. "30th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations Between Russia and South Africa". Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, n.º 3 (7 de setembro de 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-119-127.

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On March 14, 2022 the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences held a round table discussion to mark the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Russian Federation and the Republic of South Africa, organized by the Centre for Southern African studies. The history and current state of relations between the two countries and peoples were discussed by African studies researchers, Russian Foreign ministry officials and diplomats in South Africa, South African public figures and civil society activists, veterans of the national liberation movement. Among issues discussed were historic ties between Russia and South Africa dating back to the 18th century, first diplomatic contacts in the 19th century, participation of Russian volunteers in the Anglo-Boer war of 1899–1902, Russian emigration to South Africa, Soviet aid to the national liberation struggle against the apartheid regime, particularly relations with the ANC, first Soviet-South African diplomatic ties, influence on them of perestroika and the dissolution of USSR. Current problems of cooperation and development of relations in different fields within strategic partnership between the two countries, particularly, within the framework of BRICS, were also discussed.

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Donaldson, Peter. "‘We are having a very enjoyable game’: Britain, sport and the South African War, 1899–1902". War in History 25, n.º 1 (20 de julho de 2017): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344516652422.

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This article explores the relationship between sport and war in Britain during the South African War, 1899–1902. Through extensive press coverage, as well as a spate of memoirs and novels, the British public was fed a regular diet of war stories and reportage in which athletic endeavour and organized games featured prominently. This contemporary literary material sheds light on the role sport was perceived to have played in the lives and work of the military personnel deployed in South Africa. It also, however, reveals a growing unease over an amateur-military tradition which equated sporting achievement with military prowess.

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Miller, Stephen M. "British Surrenders and the South African War, 1899–1902". War & Society 38, n.º 2 (29 de janeiro de 2019): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07292473.2019.1566980.

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Porter, Andrew. "The South African War (1899–1902): context and motive reconsidered". Journal of African History 31, n.º 1 (março de 1990): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024774.

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Since 1899 the idea has been widely held that the South African War was no isolated episode but one illuminating the fundamental characteristics of British expansion, both in the nineteenth century and beyond. Cross-reference between the particulars of South African history and theories of imperialism has long been a fact of intellectual life. This process, however, often seems to reflect less the fruitful interplay of new knowledge and evolving hypotheses than the progressive entrenchment of separate schools of thought. The purpose of this article is to highlight the gulf between different approaches, with reference to recent work; and to suggest that, notwithstanding the work of the last decade, little headway has been made in linking the development of South Africa's economy and mineral resources to the War of 1899 in any but the most general and self-evident of ways. It argues that the case for interpreting the origins of the war in the main from a metropolitan and political perspective retains considerable persuasiveness and explanatory power. Finally it puts forward an alternative way of seeing in the struggle representative features of British expansion.

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Thompson, Leonard, e Peter Warwick. "Black People and the South African War, 1899-1902". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 16, n.º 1 (1985): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/204353.

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Wilde, Richard H., e Peter Warwick. "Black People and the South African War, 1899-1902". American Historical Review 90, n.º 2 (abril de 1985): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1852789.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "South Africa – History – South African War, 1899-1902"

Shearing, Hilary Anne. "The Cape Rebel of the South African War, 1899-1902". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1246.

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Thesis (DPhil (History))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
This dissertation investigates the role of a group of Cape colonists who rose in rebellion against the colonial government and allied themselves to the Boer Republics during the South African War of 1899-1902. The decision of the Griqualand West colonists to join the Republican forces took place against a background of severe deprivation in the agricultural sector due to the losses sustained in the rinderpest pandemic of 1896/1897. It also coincided with the invasion of Griqualand West by Transvaal forces. The failure of the Schreiner Government to defend its borders encouraged rebellion, as there were no armed forces to oppose either the invasion or the rebellion. While some of the Cape rebels fought on the side of the Republicans during major battles along the Modder River, others were commandeered to gather and transport supplies to the laagers. Four months after the surrender of Gen P Cronje at Paardeberg the majority of these rebels had laid down arms except for those under Gen Piet de Villiers who fought on in the Transvaal. After a second rebellion in 1901, far fewer rebels fought a war of attrition north of the Orange River; eventually about 700 men leaving the Cape Colony to avoid laying down arms. South of the Orange River Free State forces commandeered the disaffected colonists of the Stormberg and Colesberg regions in November 1899. Because the Republicans had not occupied these regions earlier in the war, British reinforcements and the Colonial Division took to the field against them almost immediately. The victory gained at Stormberg in December 1899 by the Boer forces was not followed up. Olivier failed to integrate his forces; unlike those at Colesberg where the Boers were far better led and scored some notable successes. The Republican burghers withdrew from the Cape Colony in March 1901, which in turn led to a mass surrender ofrebels. Those that were captured under arms were sent as POWs to Ceylon and India, while those that surrendered were held in colonial gaols until they were bailed or given passes. Only a few hundred continued to wage war in the Boer Republics for the remainder of 1900. The second invasion by Free State forces into the Cape Colony consisted of mobile commandos that criss-crossed the interior. For the first few months they sowed havoc, but after June 1901 the military used mass tactics against those who were forced into the isolated northwest Cape. In 1902, unknown to them, the Boer republics signed the Treaty of Vereeniging and ceased to exist as sovereign states. The Cape rebels were not signatories to the treaty. According to an agreement between the Boer leaders and the Colonial Office, if a rebel surrendered and pleaded guilty to High Treason under Proclamation 100 of 1902 he would receive a partial amnesty and be disfranchised. However rebel officers were charged in court and fines and prison sentences would be handed down. After the first invasion rebels who were captured or surrendered were tried under the Indemnity and Special Tribunals Act that was in force for six months until April 1901. Martial Law was then again in vogue from 22 April until Peace at the end of May 1902, and under this act 44 Cape colonists, Republicans and aliens were executed, and hundreds .of others, whose death sentences were commuted to penal servitude for life, were shipped to POW camps on Bermuda and St Helena. The surrenders 00,442 rebels were accepted under Proclamation 100 of 1902. Rebel officers or those facing serious charges were tried under the Indemnity and Special Tribunals Act in Special High Treason Courts. The general amnesty announced in 1905 brought to an end the prosecutions for High Treason ofCape rebels. In 1906 the names of disfranchised colonists were. replaced on the Voters' Roll. The final official return of Cape rebels for 1903 is 12,205 or 0.5% of the total population, while the return according to the database is 16,198 rebels or 0.7%. Strategically the rebellions played a limited role in the overall Republican war effort despite the individual rebel's self-sacrifice to the cause. However, although small in numbers, the rebellion had an enormous impact on colonial life (especially in 1901) as it led to a thinly disguised civil war and enmity between the Afrikaner and English colonists, which took years to disappear.

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Ross, Helen M. "A woman's world at a time of war : an analysis of selected women's diaries during the Anglo-Boer War 1899-1902". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1182.

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Webb, D. A. "King William's Town during the South African War, 1899-1902 an urban, social, economic and cultural history". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002424.

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This thesis examines the urban social, economic and cultural history of a community under stress and in transition at the turn of the century. Two themes run through the study: how the residents responded to long-term challenges such as the decline of the town in relation to its nearest urban neighbour, the increasing significance of the black population of the town and district, and the end of the millennium; and secondly, the effects of the South African War on King William's Town society and how the residents perceived the various stresses it exerted on the town. Chapter 1, by way of introduction, provides a general overview of the history of King William's Town and of the current state of historical research on the town. It also examines historiographical strands reflected in this study, focusing on urban history, social history, local history and the new cultural history. The chapter ends with a brief note on sources and methodology. Chapter 2 sets the scene be examining the population of the town and district in relation to its eastern Cape neighbours. It briefly explores the settlement patterns in the town, and the social divisions and racial attitudes manifested by its inhabitants. The third chapter provides a study of the town's economy with particular emphasis on the mercantile sector, agriculture and manufacturing. The informal sector, domestic service and labour relations are also explored. Political processes in this period are dealt with in Chapter 4. The 1898 elections and the re-alignment of political allegiances, the outbreak of the war, the main political issues that emerged and the suppression of the Imvo Zabantsundu newspaper are discussed. Chapter 5 provides an examination of military aspects of the town and district during the war. The impact of the imperial garrison, the attitudes of the residents to the war and the imposition and effects of martial law are amongst the topics covered. The next chapter deals with municipal matters, with particular reference to the townspeople's attitudes to Borough status, public health and sanitation, municipal locations and residential segregation, and the various successes and failures of the Borough Council during the war. The seventh chapter focuses on crime, legislation and social control in the town. The number and type of criminal incidents during the period are analyzed, the various laws establishing the parameters of society and the manner in which these were applied are examined. Chapter 8 seeks to define the cultural contours of the town, looking at religion, the large number of different clubs and societies, sport and recreation. It explores the way in which cultural pursuits were both a reflection and a reinforcement of the social, political and economic order. The ninth and final chapter links the preceding themes with regard to the effects of the war on King William's Town society, with particular reference to the mentalité of the community as displayed in the attitudes of the residents to the various developments discussed in the body of the thesis.

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Pretorius, Willem Jacobus. "Die Britse owerheid en die burgerlike bevolking van Heidelberg, Transvaal, gedurende die Anglo-Boereoorlog". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07012008-152711/.

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Yakutiel, Marc M. ""Treasury control" and the South African War, 1899-c.1905". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72996f72-53d5-4c91-aafb-943ed406f9c3.

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This thesis gives an account of the Treasury's role in preparing for, and conducting, the South African War, at a time when the orthodox Gladstonian principles of public finance were being challenged. It is a case study, in an exceptional instance, of the nature and effectiveness of Treasury control over expenditure on imperial expansion; of the Treasury's view of how a colonial war should be financed and who was to pay for it, of what cost-benefit analysis the Treasury applied to a colonial war, and of why it relied on recouping a substantial part of the war cost from an indemnity levied on a defeated Transvaal. The thesis is an attempt to define the vague concept of "Treasury control", not in constitutional theory, but as it worked in practice. It is argued that Treasury control and the rigidity of the annual peace time budget obstructed before the war the taking of any serious military precautions, left no reserve fund for war contingencies, and made any long-term strategic planning almost impossible. Rather than run the risk of asking money from Parliament for reinforcements to South Africa, which would be unpopular, as it might require increased taxation, and which might prove unnecessary, the Cabinet waited till the need to spend taxpayers' money had been demonstrated, although it could result in initial setbacks and in a longer and more expensive campaign. This, in conjunction with Milner's and Chamberlain's political strategy, dictated a military solution to the crisis. It is further argued that at first the Treasury estimated the cost of the war at £10 million, while assuring Parliament that a substantial part of it would be recouped by way of indemnity from the Transvaal. But the colonial expedition turned into a war on a European scale, the final charge to the British Exchequer was £217 million, and not a penny of indemnity was exacted from the Transvaal. The Treasury's view was restricted largely to the current year's budget and the following year's estimates, and how to secure their approval in Parliament. In this case, Treasury control was as ineffective during the war, as its estimates of the cost of the war and who would pay for it, were unrealistic.

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Allen, Dean Colin. "'A far greater game' : sport and the Anglo-Boer War". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52636.

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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Today white South Africans take their sport very seriously and at the tum of the nineteenth century this was no different. The key difference however was that a war had erupted between the two Boer Republics (Orange Free State and the Transvaal) and Britain. The Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 was fought for the supremacy of South Africa at a time when sport was still developing within the country and like other facets of its culture, it too became entwined within a conflict that was to effect the whole future of Southern Africa. This socio-historical study is an attempt to explore sport during this era and how it impinged upon the relationship between Boer and Briton. A pivotal period in South African history, the account will trace the background and nature of the Anglo-Boer conflict and how a passion for sport was shared by both sides throughout and beyond the hostilities. Britain had indeed introduced its sporting codes to South Africa prior to the war and cricket and rugby in particular were already established within its towns and cities. The origins of both sports will be examined here including the significance of the first tours which took place between South Africa and Britain during this time. The majority of research for this study has been completed in South Africa, predominately within the Western Cape but also during spells in the Free State and Gauteng. Visits have also been made to various sources in the UK including Twickenham and Lords. Whilst published work has been used, concerted efforts have been made throughout to include data obtained from primary sources. The descriptive nature of the work has also necessitated the employment of qualitative methods of analysis with data gathered from archive and literary sources selectively underpinned with information from a number of interviews.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrikaanse Blankes is vandag baie ernstig oor hul sport en aan die einde van die negentiende eeu was dit ook nie anders nie. Die belangrikste verskil was egter dat 'n oorlog uitgebreek het tussen die Boererepublieke (Oranje-Vrystaat en die Transvaal) en Brittanje. Die Anglo-Boereoorlog van 1899-1902 is geveg vir die oppergesag van Suid-Afrika toe sport, net soos baie ander fasette van die kultuur, steeds besig was om te ontwikkel in die land. Dit het deel geword van 'n konflik wat die hele toekoms van Suidelike Afrika sou raak. Hierdie sosio-kulturele studie is 'n poging om sport tydens hierdie era te verken en hoe dit die verhouding tussen Boer en Brit beïnvloed het. Hierdie was 'n deurslaggewende periode in die Suid-Afrikaanse geskiedenis en die studie sal die agtergrond en aard van die Anglo-Boerekonflik navors en toon hoe 'n passie vir sport gedeel is deur beide partye ten spyte van al die vyandigheid. Brittanje het inderdaad voor die oorlog sy sportkodes na Suid-Afrika gebring en veral krieket en rugby was alreeds gevestig in die stede. Die oorsprong van beide sportsoorte sal hier bestudeer word, insluitend hoe belangrik die eerste toere was wat in hierdie tyd tussen Suid-Afrika en Brittanje plaasgevind het. Die meeste navorsing vir hierdie studie is in Suid-Afrika gedoen, hoofsaaklik in die Wes- Kaap, maar ook, met tye, in die Vrystaat en Gauteng. Besoeke is ook afgelê in verskeie plekke in die Verenigde Koninkryke, bv. Twickenham en Lords. Terwyl van sekondêre bronne gebruik gemaak is, is daar deurgaans nougeset te werk gegaan om primêre bronne te ontsluit. Die beskrywende aard van die werk het ook die gebruik van kwalitatiewe metode van analise van data genoodsaak. Hierdie data is versamel vanuit argivale en literêre bronne wat goed ondersteun is deur inligting verkry uit 'n aantalonderhoude. iv

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Becker, Celia. "The role of the Pretoria-Pietersburg railway line in the Northern Transvaal during the South African War (1899-1902)". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78155.

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This dissertation intends to reconstruct accurately the events in the vicinity of the Pretoria-Pietersburg railway during the South African War (Anglo-Boer War) of 1899-1902 that influenced both the Boer and British war efforts and comment on the role played by the railway line in such events. The research question at the centre of this dissertation is the role and impact of the Pretoria-Pietersburg railway line on the trajectory of the War.
Dissertation (MSocSci (History))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
2022/12/30
Historical and Heritage Studies
MSocSci (History)
Restricted

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Stone, M. S. "The Victorian army : health, hospitals and social conditions as encountered by British troops during the South African War, 1899-1902". Thesis, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320071.

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Benneyworth, Garth Conan. "Traces of forced labour – a history of black civilians in British concentration camps during the South African War, 1899-1902". University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5466.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
During the South African War of 1899-1902 captured civilians were directed by the British army into military controlled zones and into refugee camps which became known as concentration camps. Established near towns, mines and railway sidings these camps were separated along racial lines. The British forced black men, women and children through the violence of war into agricultural and military labour as a war resource, interning over 110,000 black civilians in concentration camps. Unlike Boer civilians who were not compelled to labour, the British forced black civilians into military labour through a policy of no work no food. According to recent scholarly work based only on the written archive, at least 20,000 black civilians died in these camps. This project uses these written archives together with archaeological surveys, excavations, and oral histories to uncover a history of seven such forced labour camps. This approach demonstrates that in constructing an understanding and a history of what happened in the forced labour camps, the written archive alone is limited. Through the work of archaeology which uncovers material evidence on the terrain and the remains of graves one can begin to envisage the scale an extent of the violence that characterized the experience of forced laborers in the 'black concentration camps' in the South African War.

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Constantine, Rodney James. "The guerrilla war in the Cape Colony during the South African War of 1899-1902 : a case study of the republican and rebel commando movement". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9264.

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Bibliography: leaves 190-208.
This dissertation examines the nature and extent of armed conflict in country areas of the Cape Colony, between 1900 and 1902. The relationship between invasion and rebellion is explored, as are the tactics and strategies of the Boer commando movement. Only republican and rebel military activity is examined, not the counterresistance of the imperial army, the colonial state, or of black agrarian communities. A general uprising in the Cape Colony was regarded by many Boer leaders as the key to their success in the South African War. This case study reveals the reasons why this general uprising did not occur during the second Cape invasion. In 1901 a general uprising did take place in certain Cape regions (notably west of the Cape Town-Johannesburg railway) but these regions were either strategically unimportant, in which case events within them could not decisively influence the course of the war, or else they were regions such as the Midlands, where a unique combination of geographical features, Boer command problems, lack of access to the lines of communication, in combination with other factors suppressed the uprising just when it was beginning to exhibit popular and universal features. The Cape guerrilla war was subject to moderating and constraining influences for much of its course, despite being characterized by rebellion and executions. Extremism and moderation were both freely exhibited by the Boers in the conflict. But ultimately it was the moderation and restraint of the senior Boer commanders in the Cape (as elsewhere in South Africa) which emerged as the defining feature of the war there. Features of total war were rarely present, and the peace treaty concluded at Vereeniging represented a defeat for the irreconcilable and extremist elements of the Boer forces.

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Livros sobre o assunto "South Africa – History – South African War, 1899-1902"

Creswicke, Louis. South Africa and the Transvaal war. Toronto: Publisher's Syndicate, 1993.

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Cammack, Diana Rose. The Rand at war, 1899-1902: The Witwatersrand and the Anglo-Boer War. London: J. Currey, 1990.

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Marshall, Everett, ed. Thrilling experiences in the war in South Africa. Quebec: A. Crawford, 1993.

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Judd, Denis. The Boer War. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

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Judd, Denis. The Boer War. London: John Murray, 2002.

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Wilcox, Craig. Australia's Boer War: The war in South Africa, 1899-1902. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Wessels, Elria. Veldslae: Anglo-Boereoorlog 1899-1902. Pretoria: LAPA, 2002.

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Kitchener, Kitchener Horatio Herbert. Lord Kitchener and the war in South Africa: 1899-1902. London: Pub. by Sutton Publishing for the Army Record Society, 2006.

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Smith, Iain R. The origins of the South African War, 1899-1902. London: Longman, 1996.

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Nasson, Bill. Uyadela wen'osulapho: Black participation in the Anglo-Boer war. Randburg [South Africa]: Ravan Press, 1999.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "South Africa – History – South African War, 1899-1902"

Selby, John. "The Second Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902". In A Short History of South Africa, 187–201. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003312703-12.

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McCulloch, Jock, e Pavla Miller. "Mapping and Resolving a Health Crisis: 1902–1929". In Mining Gold and Manufacturing Ignorance, 55–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8327-6_3.

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AbstractThe history of gold mining in South Africa was marked by several profound crises. This chapter traces the emergence and resolution of the first one. Following official recognition of the disproportionate mortality of miners from North of latitude 22 South, in 1913 the South African government banned further recruitment of ‘Tropical’ labour. Several commissions of enquiry, a series of pioneering Mines and Miners’ Phthisis Acts, the creation of a state supported research community, the commissioning of vaccine for pneumonia and the establishment of a system of compulsory medical examinations helped resolve the crisis politically. Living and working conditions on the mines improved, and deaths from pneumonia were reduced. However, the risk of silicosis and TB infection remained, and repatriations of sick and dying men continued. The first health crisis became a model for how the mining houses would respond to occupational disease. The industry captured the science, framed the legislation and externalised the principal costs of occupational disease onto labour-sending communities.

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Simpson, Thula. "Aftermath". In History of South Africa, 5–18. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197672020.003.0002.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the finale of the Second Anglo-Boer (or South African) War (1899-1902), the conflict that pitted the British Empire against the South African Republic and the Orange Free State. It discusses the peacemaking leading to the Treaty of Vereeniging, in which the Boer Republics surrendered their independence. The chapter then considers the post-war reconstruction overseen by Lord Alfred Milner, Britain's High Commissioner for South Africa. This involved him seeking to restore the status quo ante in the agricultural and mining sectors, which required betraying the black African population, many of whom had remained loyal to Britain during the war. It also involved importing Chinese miners, a step that provoked a backlash that transcended the Brit-Boer divide within the white population. That backlash contributed to thwarting Milner's plans for political reconstruction, which centered on "Anglicizing" the white population prior to self-government. The chapter closes with the Natal Rebellion, and Chief Bhambatha's unsuccessful stand against the loss of Zulu independence.

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LeFanu, Sarah. "Rudyard Kipling". In Something of Themselves, 305–24. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197501443.003.0015.

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This chapter explores the period of creativity Kipling entered into on his return from South Africa in 1900, and in particular the farewell stories he wrote to – and about – his daughter Josephine, who had died in 1899. The reader is shown how, at the same time, Kipling was becoming increasingly embittered with the South African War, and how angry he was made by the Treaty of Vereeniging in 1902. The chapter analyses the stories that came out of the war, and argues that with a few exceptions Kipling failed to find inspiration in South Africa and was turning instead to England, its landscape and pre-history. The chapter ends with an examination of Kipling’s famous poem ‘If–’.

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Trapido, Stanley. "Imperialism, Settler Identities, and Colonial Capitalism: The Hundred-Year Origins of the 1899 South African War". In The Cambridge History of South Africa, 66–101. Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521869836.004.

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Marks, Shula. "War and Union, 1899–1910". In The Cambridge History of South Africa, 157–210. Cambridge University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521869836.006.

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Nasson, Bill. "The South African War/Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 and political memory in South Africa". In Commemorating War, 111–27. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315080956-3.

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"The South African War/Anglo-Boer War 1899–1902 and political memory in South Africa". In The Politics of War Memory and Commemoration, 125–41. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203770115-9.

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Balfour, Sebastian. "A Disaster Foretold? The Spanish Defeat at Anual". In Deadly Embrace, 52–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199252961.003.0003.

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Abstract The history of colonial campaigns is littered with military disasters suffered by the European powers. The British in particular were defeated several times at the end of the nineteenth century at the height of their expansionism in south and eastern Africa. They were routed in 1879 by the Zulu army at Isandhlwana. The Mahdi uprising in 1882 in Eastern Sudan led to the ten- month siege of British-held Khartoum and its fall in 1885 and the death of General Gordon and his soldiers. The Boers in South Africa inﬂicted defeat on the British army in 1881 and then during the Boer War of 1889–1902. For their part, the Italians suffered military defeat at the hands of the Ethiopians at Adowa in 1896, which led to the fall of a government and Italy’s abandonment of its aim to create a colonial empire in Abyssinia.

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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, e Andrew Cliff. "Further Regional Studies". In War Epidemics. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233640.003.0023.

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In Chapters 7 to 11, we have examined a series of recurring themes in the geography of war and disease since 1850 through regional lenses. In this chapter, we conclude our regional–thematic survey by illustrating further prominent themes which, either because of their subject-matter or because of their geographical location, were beyond the immediate scope of the foregoing chapters. In selecting regional case studies for this chapter, we concentrate on wars which have not been examined in depth to this point (the South African War and the Cuban Insurrection) or which, on account of their magnitude and extent, merit examination beyond that afforded in previous sections (World War I and World War II). Four principal issues are addressed: (1) Africa: population reconcentration and disease (Section 12.2), illustrated with reference to civilian concentration camps in the South African War, 1899–1902; (2) Americas: peace, war, and epidemiological integration (Section 12.3), illustrated with reference to the civil settlement system of Cuba, 1888–1902; (3) Asia: prisoners of war, forced labour, and disease (Section 12.4), illustrated with reference to Allied prisoners on the line of the Burma–Thailand Railway, 1942–4; (4) Europe: civilian epidemics and the world wars (Section 12.5), illustrated with reference to the spread of a series of diseases in the civil population of Europe during, and after, the hostilities of 1914–18 and 1939–45. As before, the study sites in (1) to (4) span a broad range of epidemiological environments, from the cool temperate latitudes of northern Europe, through the tropical island and jungle environments of the Caribbean and Southeast Asia, to the warm temperate and subtropical savannah lands of the South African Veld. Diseases have been sampled to reflect this epidemiological range. The South African War (1899–1902) has been described as the last of the ‘typhoid campaigns’ (Curtin, 1998)—a closing chapter on the predominance of disease over battle as a cause of death among soldiers (Pakenham, 1979: 382). From the military perspective, typhoid was indeed the major health issue of the war, accounting for a reported 8,020 deaths in the British Army (Simpson, 1911: 57).

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