Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Soul City Company"

The bazar is the stage of ethical contestation, and the place of laying claim to Truth; it becomes the Holy Altar of Sacrifice. It is the place of ultimate witnessing, of shahādat, or martyrdom which is essentially the witnessing of Truth in the form of submission of the self into the Self, a sublimation of the soul into the Soul, a finding of contingent being into Absolute Being, a journey from wujūd to Wujūd. But that submission, paradoxically, must also be witnessed so that it can be known, and thus found, that is, become maujūd (existent)—there must needs be a shahāda of the shahādat, a witnessing of the Witnessing, and that witnessing must take place in the bazar, the centre of the spectacle—the jalwa, the tajallī, the spectacular Divine Deployment through Self-manifestation. For without witnessing, there’s no knowing and without knowing, no realization of Divine Self-knowledge of Absolute Being. That is why all the lovers of the Beloved, the ‘āshiqīn of al-Ḥaq̣q̣ al-Jamāl, of Truth-Beauty, must dance in the bazar, the quintessential site of the manifestation of the Beloved as Truth-Beauty, and also as Love in, and through, the lovers’ ecstatic dance. The lovers must dance in the company of the Beloved, at the sight of Her Self-disclosure, Her Unveiling, that is, in the bazar, the central square before being slaughtered on the square. They must do so, so that their shahādat of Truth in love, their intense witnessing of Truth through sacrificing of their self in love, their martyrdom that is, can be witnessed and known by other lovers and by the Beloved as a spectacular manifestation of Truth, Beauty, and Being. That is what the iconic martyr of love, shahīd-e ‘ishq, Hussain b. Mansur al-Hallaj brought upon himself, and sacrificing his self into the Self out of love—self-sacrifice being an inherent quality and condition of ‘ishq love—turned the scene of his spectacular public qattāl, his intense assassination in the bazar, the central square, into a tajallī, into Divine Self-disclosure itself. That is, in this intensified witnessing through annihilation of the self into the Self, the shāhid became shahīd, the witness became the martyr, and the lover became the Beloved, raising the spectacle of this witnessing to the level of tajallī, of Divine Deployment itself. And ever since, this tajallī has become common vocabulary in the phenomenological, metaphysical, and aesthetic tradition of Islam. In the realm of Urdu alone it has become common parlance in the popular poeticizations by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, such as in his oft-sung poem āj bāzār meñ pā-ba-jaulāñ chalo. Thus, all martyrs of love, like this ultimate martyr of love, dance in the bazar—the city square, the qalb, the heart, the pivot of inqilāb, of revolution—in the Beloved’s City and beckon others to the same fate. And they dance intoxicated and without fear—in fact, without pain or suffering, which is naught but their dam-sāz, the companion of their breath, their witness, and intimate friend—they dance instead in Joy of Divine Ecstasy. And in this state they invite more lovers, others whose hearts are afflicted with Truth to pack up their heart’s load, and yet again, go and be murdered, sacrifice themselves, and be martyred for and in Truth.

Folk instruments, which play an important role in the production and transferof music, are cultural products that sometimes give voice to non-expressible feelings,save time for remembering the lyrics, increase the joy by adding to the sound, andsometimes maintain the rituals and serves as a means of communication. Thematerials they are made from, their shape and sound, they bear the traces of societyand they are also the most important indicator of character of music. As ancient ashumanity in terms of existence, they are the proof of cultural values of humanity withtheir rich variety. Besides the variety of our traditional folk instruments that take onthe primary task in continuation of musical tradition, they have representatives too.Such representatives sometimes take the name of the traditional art which theyproduce and sometimes they are called by the name of the folk instrument they play;they show themselves by various names and qualities such as minstrel, bard,tambourine (tef/def) player, tabor (deblek/delbek) player, reed (sipsili) player,uyguncak playerThe representatives, who contribute to the creation and maintenance oftraditional music in company with the traditional folk instruments, represent theirinstruments by remaining loyal to their cultural identities as well as their social roles.The places where they produce music with such traditional instruments rangesdepending on mentioned indicative elements in indoor-outdoor verbal culturalenvironments such as village wedding, henna night, farewell ceremonies for soldiers,city/town festivals, culture houses, places of worship, high pastures, nomad campingsites, etc. In this point, when we look at the adventure of our traditional folkinstruments, we see that women take over the role of representative and even thoughthey create special expression styles in terms of music and lyrics during thisadventure, they do not have a room for themselves under such roof.In this context, considering the fact that although female representatives oftraditional folk instruments have moved to big cities or their local characteristicshave somehow changed even though they continue living in their hometowns, theyare a part of this tradition with their current characteristics and productions styles; wewant to keep such musical soul alive, which has existed in all periods and willcontinue to exist, to make artistic identities of female representatives visible and toaccompany to their existence stories. Date obtained via field records have beenanalyzed within the contexts of expression styles of female representatives oftraditional folk music in the 21stcentury, their playing techniques, creation process oftheir musical products, transfer methods, the function of music in the lives of suchfemale representatives and reflection of their female identities into music

<p>A cytogenetic analysis of meristem cells of <em>Triticum aestivum</em><em> </em>L. of primary rootlets, affected by soil heavy metal (HM) contamination in the industrial zones of SC “Poltavachimmash” in Poltava city, PPC “Specialized company for thermal processing of firm household garbage” (SCTPFHG) in Khrakiv city, PrSC “Avtoradiator” in Mariupol city, CC (commercial company) “Poltava concrete product plant” (PCPP) in Poltava city, SJC “Luhansk accumulator producing company” in Luhansk city, UC “Lubny water supply station” in Lubny city and the territory near B. Khmelnytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, was made. The frequency of aberrant cells of sprout root meristem of cultivar Al’batros odes’kyi was 1.37-2.30 % and that of cultivar Zymoiarka – 1.22-1.84 %, which exceeded the indicators of a background level by 1.9-3 and 1.6-2,5 times, correspondingly (Svatky village, Poltava region). The highest cytogenetic activity was recorded within the territory of the industrial zones of PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, SJC “Luhansk accumulator producing company”, the soils there were characterized by intensive Cd, Pb і Zn contamination. Significant differences in the levels of cytogenetic disorders depending on a wheat cultivar genotype, induced by high concentrations of soil toxic metals in the industrial zone of PPC “Specialized company for thermal processing of firm household garbage” and the territory near B. Khmel’nytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, can be caused by physiological-genetic peculiarities of the plants and a possible effect of non-differentiated factors, specific for each territory. Complex effect of low HM concentrations, typical for soil contamination of the industrial zone of CC “Poltava concrete product plant”, showed the lowest cytogenetic activity. Soil contamination with HM in the industrial zones and the areas affected by industrial releases resulted in a wide spectrum of cytogenetic disorders: fragmentation, advance and lagging chromosomes, formation of chromosome and chromatid bridges, ring chromosomes, micronuclei. A significant increase of the cells with advance and lagging chromosomes was seen under the effect of HM soil contamination of the industrial zones of PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, UC “Lubny water supply station” and the territory near B. Khmel’nytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka, Cd, Pb і Zn predominating among them. The induction with high frequency of aneuploid cells shows active interaction of HM with the threads of spindle division which allows using the violation fact of chromosome segregation as an indicator of HM contamination of the environment. As a result of wheat seed sprouting in the soil with the highest HM content (PPC “Specialized Company for thermal processing of firm household garbage”, PrSC “Avtoradiator”, SC “Poltavachimmash”, UC “Lubny water supply station” and the territory near B. Khmelnytskyi Street in Kostiantynivka), besides mentioned-above chromosome aberrations and mitosis pathology in meristem cells, the following complicated cytogenetic disorders occurred: single/pair fragments and bridge; pair fragments and lagging chromosomes; pair fragments, bridge and ring chromosome; pair fragments, chromosome bridge and micronucleus. High cytogenetic activity of HM soil contamination, caused by industrial releases, confirms genetic threat for the organisms of above-ground ecosystems and suggests the necessity to work out a national program of large-scale genetic monitoring over techno-genic contamination of the territories in the industrial regions of Ukraine.</p>

Abstract The work shows historical pollution aspects of the soil on a range of approximately 2000 m2 located in the east of Botosani city at the loading platform/discharge heavy fuel oil in the enclosure thermal power company S.C. Modern Calor found S.A. This study was based on a series of works based on projects of soil and groundwater investigation in the area of the heating company S.C. Modern Audit Office found S.A. Soil contamination is the result of pollution over time, which is due primarily to faulty-urilor occurring during operation of the pipes or the sewage system in the territory of society of heating, to the lines of transport heavy fuel oil.At present, industrial pollution control, requirements imposed by Community acquis on environment, shall be carried out on the basis of directive (IPPC Directive, Directive LCP) and other techniques of the medium (BAT-s corresponding BREF, in the industrial sector). By these tools are prevents and controls in full pollution, thereby reducing industrial pollution.

The current study includes determination of the concentrations of lead (Pb) in 18 specimen of Kirkuk city soil (K). Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology has been used in the analysis of soil samples in laboratories Acme company in Canada. Results of chemical analysis of samples clarified a rise in average of lead in soil samples (26.11 ppm) compared with international average of soil (10 ppm) and with uncontaminated ones (15 ppm), and rise in its average in surface depth (30.2ppm) compared with the lower depths (17.97ppm), and decreases in its average as compared with local soils in other cities in Iraq. Factor analysis of the geochemical data for the samples above has been conducted and has been shown a presence of affinity and geochemical associations among Pb and both of potassium oxide and phosphorus penta oxide and also some elements such as phosphorus, cadmium, copper and zinc, as well as organic materials. Size analysis of the samples has confirmed that the concentration of Pb increases in the clay fraction in soils, and in a larger quantities than in the silty and sandy fractions. The value of Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) for samples of soil showed that it lies within the medium pollution category to non-pollution. Oxidation - reduction potential and the acidic function have helped to identify the prevailing metallic phase in the soils at the area of study, which is a type of Cerussite.

On July 12, 1871, the Colorado Springs Company and its largest shareholder, William Jackson Palmer, adopted a plan that divided the hundreds of acres they owned into the streets, blocks, and plots of Colorado Springs. To sell the city, the boosters of Colorado Springs marketed it as a refined resort for wealthy industrialists, health seekers, and tourists. Boosterism in Colorado Springs appealed to these audiences over the next four decades by using a changing mixture of politics, business, and religious morality. This boosterism successfully distinguished the resort of Colorado Springs from the mines, steel mills, and agriculture that defined nearby towns.

The purpose of the work is to compare soil pollution with oil products on the territory of industrial and landscape-recreational zones of the city of Usolye-Sibirskoye using the fluorometry method. The content of oil products in the samples of the four upper layers of soils taken from the production area of the chemically contaminated city of Usolye-Sibirskoye and from its landscape and recreational zone was determined. Although the maximum permissible concentration of oil products in the soils of these zones has not been established, it is known that the mass fraction of oil products in uncontaminated soils should not exceed 0.1%. The obtained results of fluorimetric analysis of soils from two practically diametrically opposite areas of the city in terms of pollution made us think and conduct a deeper analysis, taking into account the wind rose of the city and adjacent territories and the sufficiency of the fluorimetry method performed using the Fluorat-0.2 luminescent photometric analyzer. Using the results of the analysis of soil samples from the territories of "Usolekhim-prom" and "Ski base" in Usolye-Sibirskoye, it was revealed that the mass fractions of oil products exceed the indicators for all four upper soil layers in the case of focusing on the principles of rationing, which today are not legally established. The results of the study showed that the highest content of oil products in both cases is in the layer of forest litter. Based on the fact that the activities of Usolekhimprom have been completely stopped since 2017, and pollution with oil products exceeding the approximate standard values was found only in the uppermost layer of the soil, it was suggested that the main cause of soil pollution with oil products in the territory of the city of Usolye - Sibirskoye is, basically, the current largest enterprise in Eastern Siberia for the production of petroleum products and petrochemistry - JSC Angarsk Petrochemical Company, and this is annually confirmed by statistics.

Markets are social and infrastructure where businesses buy and sell goods, services, and labor. The existing condition of the site located on Jalan A. Yani, Angsau Village, Pelaihari District, Pelaihari City are as follows: Site Position : Hook/Corner, Site Area: 8,375 m2, Soil Type: Hard Soil, Topography: Flat, Site Orientation: West , Vegetation: Trees, Coconut Trees, Cassava Trees, Bamboo Trees, Weeds, Undergrowth, Weeds, and other plants, Drainage: Artificial, Electrical Networks: Overhead, Site Boundaries: - South: Gas Station - West: Road and Mosque - North: Rifle Company - East: Housing. The position of the site which is near the main road roundabout is a strategic position because it is on a street corner which makes its position open from several directions so that it is very precise and ideal as a business or business area.

Thyroid gland is vital gland. It produces Thyroxine T3 and Tri-Idothyronine T4 hormones which are needed for the growth and development. Iodine is needed for the formation of T3 and T4 hormones. Iodine is found in different food such as sea food, vegetables produced in Iodine rich soil and table salt. The associated problems of thyroid gland are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of thyroid problems attending at Siddharthanagar City Hospital. It was hospital based retrospective study. Data related to thyroid problems T3,T4 and TSH was collected from hospital laboratory reports . The tests were done using Semi Auto Clia Plate Analyzer of TOSOH India Company. The total number of lab reports was 299 taken for study. Among them the percentage of male and female was 21.7 and 78.3 respectively. The overall prevalence of thyroid problems was 5.9% among general public. The overall prevalence of hypothyroidism was 9.69% and hyperthyroidism was 2.17% respectively. The prevalence of thyroid problems was seen more in female. This study showed that thyroid problem including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism is common. Female population and 21-40 years age group are highly suffered in comparison to male population.

The present study addresses mental health and psychosocial care in disaster contexts, focusing on the case of soil subsidence in Maceió, Alagoas. Initially, the gap in knowledge and intervention in this field in Brazilian public policies stands out. Disasters are defined as adverse events, natural or human, that affect vulnerable ecosystems, causing human, material and environmental damage. The disaster in Maceió began in 2018, caused by the disorderly extraction of salgema, leading to soil instability and affecting several neighborhoods. The response involved Civil Defense actions, compensation from the responsible company (BRASKEN) and relocation of the affected population. In addition to material damage, there were emotional and social losses, and it is essential to consider the psychosocial effects. Forced relocation, in particular, can cause social disconnection and increase stress, anxiety and depression. Psychosocial care requires a holistic approach, integrating specialized services with the health network and promoting emotional support and adaptation to changes. The psychosocial care network in Maceió has proven insufficient to meet the demand presented, therefore requiring the expansion of services. It is essential, therefore, to face the challenges of mental health requires public policies aligned with the principles of the SUS and Psychiatric Reform, in addition to a sensitive approach to the needs of affected communities.

Koya Koso mining is one of the group C exploration materials which will be exploitation where mining locations are in Papua Province which is located in Abepura District, Jayapura City, Papua Province with types of gamping materials. The concept of erosion control is a pattern of activity in effort to rehab and use damaged land due to mining activities carried out by the CV. Barend’s, namely excavation, charged, and environmental damage to land. In the principle of erosion control activities are carried out in several stages and the methods that can be used so that the results get better. The stages of evaluation control of erosion starting from soil conservation activities, the selection of land cover vegetation, control pH of soil, manufacturing of panting holes. And until the implementation of the evaluation of erosion control can be done accurately. Erosion control activities that have been planned to start from hoarding activities and replanting (revegetation) originally had links and function to rehab and utilize post-rection land in the company with an area of 1,9 Ha will cover with humus materials with a thickness of 2 m. After hoarding is completed, it will be continued with vegetation activities. For the total cost of the overall reclamation of RP. 15. 824.000; with the length of time reclamation work for approximately 2 moths 15 days.

Current research main aim is to study the effect of adding polypropylene fiber (PPF) on the behavior of expansive soil to reduce the swelling as percentage (0.5, 1 and 2%) of the weight of dry soil. Expansive soil used in this research was prepared artificially by mixing Ca-based bentonite from geological survey and mining company with sandy soil brought from Karbala city as percentage 80% bentonite to 20% sand of dry weight. Multiple laboratory tests have been carried are (Unconfined Compression Test, One-Dimensional Consolidation Test, Swelling Test, Sieve Analysis and Cycle Swell Shrink Test). A conventional odometer cell was modified to allow the study of swell- shrink cycle test to be carried out under controlled temperatures and surcharge pressure. The results showed that the increase in percentage of (PPF) led to decrease the swelling and to increase the unconfined compression strength. The wetting and drying results of (PPF) showed that with continuous cycles the effect of (PPF) keeps on reducing the swelling and the 2% of (PPF) produces less ratio of swell - shrink, which has obtained higher than 57 % in the improvement factor of swell and shrink.

In the framework of wider research activity on the physical and mechanical behaviour of volcanic soils, this paper reports the results of some laboratory tests on this type of geomaterial. The background of this research is the need for a construction company to possibly use pyroclastic material excavated along a tunnel profile to build railway embankments included in the design of a new High-Speed Train Line near the city of Naples, Italy. However, according to the standards of the National Italian Railways Company, pyroclastic soils cannot be employed as construction materials unless they are supported by a specific testing program demonstrating their good performance. The pyroclastic soil, which is widespread in the project area, is the product of Mt. Vesuvius volcanic activity. It is a coarse-graded soil that includes a significant percentage of non-plastic fines. They should be placed under compact conditions. The experimental campaign was aimed at identifying some physical characteristics that can synthesize the homogeneity of the pyroclastic deposit in terms of shearing resistance. The preliminary results obtained in terms of grading curves, modified Proctor compaction curves, and stress-strain curves from conventional drained triaxial tests are presented and discussed in this paper. The latter were executed on fully saturated specimens after compacting the soil at the optimum water content and on the dry and wet sides of the Proctor curve. The overall initial outcomes of the experimental campaign indicated that this material has acceptable characteristics and is suitable for the construction of railway embankments.

The potential of Albizia lebbeck (woman‘s tongue) to reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content of a highly polluted soil was investigated. Unpolluted and highly polluted soils were obtained from the Oredo oil field location (Ologbo near Benin City) belonging to Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC), Benin City. Different weights of highly polluted and unpolluted soils were mixed thoroughly to obtain samples of treatments designated as 0%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, and 100% polluted soil. Each soil sample weighed 2 kg. Pods of Albizia lebbeck were obtained from trees in the Senior Staff Quarters, University of Benin Campus. Plant data measured were percentage germination, plant height, number of branches, number of leaflets, fresh and dry weights. Other experimental data recorded before planting and after plant harvest were pH and EC (electrical conductivity) of soil, dominant soil microflora, TPH of soil, and aliphatic and aromatic constituents of soil samples using GC-FID. Twenty one days after planting (DAP), Albizia lebbeck seeds germinated in all treatments considered in this study. Other plant parameters evaluated showed that plants grown in 0% treatments gave the higher mean values than those grown in other treatments (40%, 50%, 70%, 80% and 100%). Generally, these values obtained for plants grown in treatments other than 0% were less than 50% of that obtained for 0% treatment. These observations showed depressive effects of crude oil pollution on plant growth. Higher values were obtained for pH and EC of soil samples after plant harvest. EC values particularly indicated improved ionic strength of soil media following plant growth and this has implication for soil-borne organisms. Dominant microflora were Pseudomonas sp. and Penicillium sp. after plant harvest. There were significant reductions in total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content after plant harvest. For example, TPH values for 0% and 100% treatments before planting were 695.33 and 7073.33 mg/Kg respectively; while after plant harvest were 386.67 and 5233.33 mg/Kg. The GC-FID chromatograms showed presence of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons at high concentration in polluted soil obtained from the field. These petroleum hydrocarbon compounds were degraded in soil following plant growth. The chromatograms showed the absence of some crude oil components after plant growth, and where present but at very insignificant concentrations detected. Both aliphatic and aromatic compounds were degraded in the polluted soils. Some other studies have reported selective degradation of hydrocarbons in contaminated soil. In this study, GC-FID chromatograms showed that aliphatic hydrocarbons were degraded more than aromatics. The plant, Albizia lebbeck, has shown good ability to tolerate and sustained growth in highly polluted soil.

In the early days of the petroleum industry, oil infrastructure had a short lifespan. Individuals were creating their own company and competing with others, without the financial means of current great companies. Many oil facilities were established in port cities like Dunkirk, because they were the entrance gates to many nations. In the case of Dunkirk, many former oil sites became houses and schools in the current urban tissue, and official records lost track of many others. The limited data available on official records to inform the people on the pollution of their soil is a threat to their safety and health, and an obstacle for the planning strategies of public authorities. The analysis of archival documents, past and present aerial pictures, paintings and mapping techniques related to geographic information systems (GIS) can reveal lost industrial sites, and thus indicate potential pollution. This paper investigates the oil history of Dunkirk as a background for its petroleum history and its transferability to other petroleum related cities. A cross analysis of sources will attempt to complete French files and locate oil sites. The objective is to illustrate the transformation of former oil sites, and why the current land use is often not compatible with its history.

In Zaruma city, located in the El Oro province, Ecuador, gold mines have been exploited since before the colonial period. According to the chroniclers of that time, 2700 tons of gold were sent to Spain. This exploitation continued in the colonial, republican, and current periods. The legalized mining operation, with foreign companies such as South Development Company (SADCO) and national companies such as the Associated Industrial Mining Company (CIMA), exploited the mines legally until they dissolved and gave rise to small associations, artisanal mining, and, with them, illegal mining. Illegal underground mining is generated without order and technical direction, and cuts mineralized veins in andesitic rocks, volcanic breccia, tuffs and dacitic porphyry that have been intensely weatherized from surface to more than 80 meters depth. These rocks have become totally altered soils and saprolites, which have caused the destabilization of the mining galleries and the superficial collapse of the topographic relief. The illegal miners, called "Sableros", after a period of exploitation at one site, when the gold grade decreased, abandon these illegal mines to begin other mining work at other sites near mineralized veins or near legalized mining galleries in operation. Due to this anthropic activity of illegal exploitation through the mining galleries and “piques” that remain under the colonial center of the city, sinkings have occurred in various sectors detected and reported in various technical reports since 1995. The Ecuadorian Government has been unable to control these illegal mining activities. The indicators of initial subsidence of the terrain are small movements that accumulate over a time and that can be detected with InSAR technology in large areas, improving the traditional detection performed with geodetic instrumentation such as total stations and geodetic marks. Recent subsidence at Fe y Alegría-La Immaculada School, the city’s hospital and Gonzalo Pizarro Street, indicates that there is active subsidence in these and other sectors of the city. The dynamic triggers that have possibly accelerated the rate of subsidence and landslides on the slopes are earthquakes (5 to 6 Mw) and heavy rains in deforested areas. Although several sinks and active subsidence caused by underground mining were detected in these sectors and in other sectors in previous decades, which were detailed in various reports of geological hazards prepared by specialized institutions, underground mining has continued under the colonial city center. In view of the existing risk, this article presents a forecasting methodology for the constant monitoring of long-term soil subsidence, especially in the center of the colonial city, which is a national cultural heritage and candidate for the cultural heritage of humanity. This is a proposal for the use of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) for the subsidence analysis of topographic relief in the colonial area of the city of Zaruma by illegal mining galleries.

Way Betung watershed is one of the important water resources in Lampung Province and it provides a clean water for Bandar Lampung City through a regional water supply company (PDAM). By the increase of population and economical activities of Bandar Lampung City, the need of clean water also increase, however by the time, the conditions of Way Betung watershed as water resources are declining. Therefore, to improve or to restore WayBetung watershed, a high cost is needed. The research was aimed: (a) to study the effects of Way Betung watershed land use change on the water resources of Bandar Lampung City, (b) to arrange the sustainable development of Way Betung watershed in order to maintain the availability of water resources. The sustainable developments of water resources of Way Betung watershed were arranged in five alternatives/scenarios and each alternative was related toits erosion (USLE method) and its run off volume (SCS method). The results showed that land use changes of Way Betung watershed (1991-2006) were likely to increase daily maximum discharge (Q max), to decrease daily minimum discharge (Q min), to increase fluctuation of river discharge, and to increase yearly run off coeffcient. The best sustainable development of water resources of Way Betung watershed, Lampung Province, was alternative/scenario-4 (forest as 30% of watershed areas + alley cropping in the mix garden). This alternative will decrease erosion to the level lower than tolerable soil loss and also decrease fluctuation of monthly run off.Keywords: Land use change, run off coefficient, water resources, watershed

Abstract Chemical plants are important objects of hydrogeological research, due to their potentially large impact on the soil and water environment. The topic of this paper is one of the oldest chemical plants in northern Poland, owned by the ‘Zachem’ company and located in the city of Bydgoszcz. The plant is located on a 500 ha property. This area has isolated about a dozen landfills for different types of wastes. In order to make a proper estimation of the influence of a chemical plant on its environment we must first identify the geological and hydrogeological conditions, and also the character of its land-use. Field investigations must be preceded by in-depth historical studies of the plant’s development and the technologies used within, and an identification of historical and present contamination sources. The author describes the current condition of the plant’s groundwater monitoring and indicates the direction of modernization and further development. This paper presents the problems faced when designing a groundwater monitoring network for industrial areas.

Over the years, increasing population growth and industrialization, coupled with inadequate urban planning, have led to rapid and disorganized city expansion. This expansion has resulted in significant social and environmental impacts. In this context, this paper presents a case study conducted at a basic sanitation company. The study aimed to monitor the impacts of implementing Scrum, an agile development methodology, in constructing a new Sewage Pumping Station (SPS) in Guaratinguetá, São Paulo State. The concepts, benefits, and challenges of applying this methodology to projects involving the collection and transport of untreated effluents were discussed. Notable improvements were identified with the use of Scrum in the construction of the SPS, which also complied with environmental laws and protected the ecosystem by reducing the discharge of untreated waste into the soil and water basins. The results indicated an increase in team productivity, with teams demonstrating motivation, commitment, and integration in task execution throughout the process.

Nickel is the fifth most common chemical element on Earth. Several regions in Indonesia with large nickel content are East Luwu, South Sulawesi, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, Morowali, Central Sulawesi, East Halmahera, North Maluku. Most nickel mines use a mining method with an open mining system (Surface Mining) using a method (Open Cut Mining), namely cutting from the ridge downwards. The mining stages are carried out by clearing land, stripping overburden, dredging ore, loading and hauling for purification and processing. CV. Sentosa Abadi is a Mining Contractor based in Palu City, Central Sulawesi and also has a site camp in Bahomakmur Village, Bahodopi District. The company uses an open cut process along with open-pit mining technology. Land clearing, removal of top soil and cover soil. The aim of this research is to determine the overburden production target in July at CV. Sentosa Abadi and to evaluate production increases which are influenced by waiting times. Calculating production targets is one way to plan and control production, apart from that, production targets can also be defined as a tool to carry out effective and efficient planning. From research This is the volume of overburden produced during one month with total production of 296,927.7 bcm.

The continuous population growth and the high rate of urbanization of cities, added to the growing consumption of products, result in the proportional generation of solid waste that brings various harms, such as air and water pollution, soil contamination and degradation, proliferation of various diseases and devaluation of urban real estate. In Fortaleza, regardless of its size or number of inhabitants, waste is collected through the action of collectors belonging to the most miserable layers of the population, without adequate preparation to carry out such activity and by a mega private company hired by the City Hall, with serious doubts about the execution of your work. This article analyzes the roles of public and private actors involved in the solid waste management process in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, and suggests a new configuration for this operation that takes into account the needs of the community and more effective and necessary actions such as collection selection, review of waste disposal, use of gas and fertilizer generated in sanitary landfills, and greater attention to the work of collectors. Fortaleza is a capital that generates millions of tons of solid waste per year, with an obvious difficulty in dealing with this, caused by the inefficiency in solving the associated problems. We used a qualitative methodology for exploratory research, based on interviews with public and private managers related to solid waste management. We analysed the interviews through Content Analysis, using the Iramuteq software, and unveiled the roles of the different actors.

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, yellow-pigmented rod, designated DK69T, was isolated from soil collected from the waste liquid treatment facility of Bafeng Pharmaceutical Company in the city of Enshi, Hubei Province, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain DK69T in the genus Flavobacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae . The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities were found with Flavobacterium cauense R2A-7T (96.9 %), Flavobacterium saliperosum AS 1.3801T (96.3 %) and Flavobacterium suncheonense GH29-5T (95.7 %). The major fatty acids (≥5 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6. The genomic DNA G+C content was 34.4 mol%. Strain DK69T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the name Flavobacterium enshiense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DK69T ( = CCTCC AB 2011144T = KCTC 23775T). Emended descriptions of the genus Flavobacterium and Flavobacterium cauense , Flavobacterium saliperosum and Flavobacterium suncheonense are also proposed.

Several wastewater treatment technologies were evaluated as alternative systems to the more traditional centralized continuous flow system to serve decentralized areas of the city of Rome (Italy). For instance, the following technologies were selected: (1) Constructed wetlands, (2) Membrane Biological Reactor, (3) Deep Shaft, (4) Sequencing Batch Reactor, and (5) Combined Filtration and UV-disinfection. Such systems were distinguished based on the limits they are potentially capable of accomplishing on the effluent. Consequently, the SBR and DS were grouped together for their capability to comply with the standards for the discharge into surface waters (according to the Italian D.Lgs. 152/06, Table 1, All. 5), whereas the MBR and tertiary system (Filtration + UVc-disinfection) were considered together as they should be able to allow effluent discharge into soil (according to the Italian D.Lgs. 152/06, Table 4, All. 5) and/or reuse (according to the Italian D.M. 185/03). Both groups of technologies were evaluated in comparison with the more common continuous flow treatment sequence consisting of a biological activated sludge tank followed by the secondary settlement, with final chlorination. CWs were studied separately as a solution for decentralized urban areas with limited population. After the analysis of the main technical features, an economical estimate was carried out taking into account the investment, operation and maintenance costs as a function of the plant's capacity. The analysis was based on real data provided by the Company who manages the entire water system of the City of Rome (Acea Ato 2 S.p.A.). A preliminary design of the treatment plants using some of the selected technologies was finally carried out.

This research was carried out with the aim to assess the pollution that threatens agricultural soils in urban areas in the Haut-Katanga region (DR Congo) by searching for heavy metals in the arable soil bordering the Kimpulande drain, in the nearby of the Shituru commune, the City of Likasi. This drain has been utilized since the 1930s by the Gécamines, the largest state-owned mining company in the country, to dispose of wastewaters from the copper and cobalt industry. The population living in Shituru utilizes the arable soil bordering the Kimpulande drain to grow edible plants. Based on the results from physicochemical analysis of soil samples from the first 40 centimeters and the determination of the spatial distributions of pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of selected heavy metals (Cu, Co, Cd, and Fe), it was concluded that the study area is composed of an alkaline soil (pH = 7.54) of which the average electrical conductivity is about 700 µS/cm. Unlike average concentrations of cobalt and iron, those of copper and cadmium have similar behavior, given that their average values decrease with soil depth. Besides, the soil utilized for urban agriculture of edible plants is polluted on the surface by cadmium (> 3 mg/kg) and copper (> 40 mg/kg). It is contaminated in depth by cadmium (> 1 mg/kg) and cobalt (from 20 up to more 100 mg/kg). This is not the case for copper and iron, given that their concentrations remained smaller compared to the limits set by the quality standards (QS) applicable to soils for agricultural use. Given the toxicity related to the presence in the arable soil of heavy metals to high concentrations, it was deduced that the Shituru in-force agricultural practices might result in the population's exposure to serious health problems. Consequently, the urban agriculture of edible plants on arable soils threatened by mineral pollution must be prohibited to protect the population's health.

Optimal drip irrigation management in shallow groundwater areas needs to clarify the effects of flow rate and layout designs on the soil moisture, salt distribution, cotton root length density, plant height, leaf area, and yield. In this study, a one-year field experiment was conducted from April to October 2018 in the fifth company of the 16th Regiment in Alar City, Xinjiang, to investigate the effects of various drip flow rates and layout designs of cotton growth. Two drip flow rates (2.8 and 5.6 L·h−1) and two layout designs (one film, two drip tapes, and six rows; one film, three drip tapes, and six rows) were applied to explore the optimal combination, resulting in a total of four treatments that were irrigated three times in the whole growth period. Soil moisture, salt distribution, cotton root length density, plant height, and leaf area were measured. The main results were as follows: (1) Under the same layout designs, the soil moisture content was higher and the soil salinity was lower when the drip flow rate was 5.6 L·h−1, and the cotton root length density, plant height, leaf area, and yield were significantly higher than that of 2.8 L·h−1. (2) Under the same drip flow rate, the soil desalination rate, cotton growth indexes, and yield under the three-tapes treatment were significantly higher than the values of the two-tapes treatment. The actual yield of treatment D was 21.56%, 19.23%, and 11.71% higher than that of treatments A, B, and C, respectively. (3) The crop evapotranspiration of cotton during the two irrigation cycles showed an increasing trend, and the groundwater contribution showed a smaller and then increasing trend. Overall, the combination of three tapes and a drip flow rate of 5.6 L·h−1 had the highest cotton yield and net income, which were 6211.36 kg·hm−2 and 4820.21 kg·hm−2 for the theoretical and actual yields. The results of this study can provide a reference for the management of limited irrigation leaching soil salinity and cotton cultivation in shallow groundwater areas.

Urban Forests (UFs) are key elements in Mediterranean compact cities, as they provide numerous ecosystem benefits and increase the resilience of cities against the anticipated impacts of climate change. It is, thus, necessary to review all the aspects that may have a negative effect on their ecosystem functions and the services that they provide. In this paper, a set of indicators is proposed that allow for a preliminary evaluation of some of the main disservices and factors that Mediterranean UFs present and the ways to maximize their benefits for users. For this purpose, 20 indicators, divided into three categories—Biodiversity, Accessibility/Facilities, and Infrastructure—were selected. Within these three categories, a range of values was established, from low to high or absence/presence. The indicators were tested in 24 urban forests of different types, all of which are representative of a medium-sized compact Mediterranean city. The results highlight that the UFs have adequate species richness and diversity, but among the species present are quite a few that emit BVOCs and allergens, as well as some that have invasive behavior. Poor cleaning, absence of night lightning, and scarcity of water points are aspects to improve in a good number of UFs; while a high surface area of impermeable soil, low tree cover, and extensive areas of grass that require large amounts of water for maintenance are the main issues of the infrastructure block that need medium-term planning to be addressed. It can be concluded that the proposed set of indicators allows for a general assessment of the readiness of UFTs in Mediterranean cities for the upcoming climatic, social, and ecological challenges.

The article analyzes a man-made disaster of an oil spill that occurred in the city of Norilsk on May 29, 2020. The data for the study has been provided through the official open sources about the environmental disaster and the comments of experts. Not far from the city of Norilsk, a backup diesel fuel tank was depressurized at a combined heat and power plant owned by the Norilsk-Taimyr energy company, which belongs to PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel. According to the available data, the tank contained 21,163 m³ of fuel. Most of the fuel entered the Daldykan River, the right tributary of the Ambarnaya River, which flows into Lake Pyasino, which communicates with the Kara Sea through the Pyasina River. As a result of this spill, water bodies and soil cover were damaged. The article identifies three possible reasons for this incident: irresponsible operation and improper maintenance of buildings and structures of the CHPP, ineffective technical and environmental control, rapid melting of permafrost caused by global warming. Due to natural and climatic features, the ecosystems in the area of the spill have a very low recovery potential. In such conditions, even small-scale anthropogenic impacts can cause a significant damage to ecosystems. There is concern that ecosystems of water bodies will take a very long time to recover and probably will never recover to their initial condition. It is also noted that there is a threat of pollution of the marine ecosystems of the Kara Sea, as it receives the runoff of water bodies that have been polluted. Finally, some recommendations are given that can prevent or reduce the likelihood of such accidents in the future.

One of the biggest issues facing water utilities is the water loss experienced during the distribution process. This study sought to examine water distribution process in Kisumu and formulate an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to minimize water loss and mitigate their negative environmental impacts. A qualitative research approach and a case study research design were employed where 25 participants from Kisumu Water and Sanitation Company (KIWASCO) were interviewed in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Content analysis of the data collected indicated that water quality and quantity were greatly affected by water loss and the problems associated with them included water pollution due to introduction of contaminants when leakages or pipe bursts occur and water scarcity where the water utility was unable to make up for the amount of water lost. Water abstraction technique was also identified as a vital factor that determines how much water is lost even before it gets into the distribution system. Land/soil, socioeconomic and political environment were also some of the factors identified as they form the backbone of a functional EMP. The research concluded that as much as KIWASCO has a strategic plan to minimize these water losses, the goal entirely focuses on doing so for economic gains and not to address the associated negative environmental impacts hence the recommendation that there is need to incorporate an EMP in their management systems that will not only ensure high revenue generation but also guarantee the conservation of the said water resource to achieve environmental excellence.

The article follows the radioactive history of St. Louis featured in the works of the artist and activist Allana Ross. Her artistic practice presents an interesting, interdisciplinary approach to the social and environmental problems connected to the radioactive contamination of the city. The aforementioned contamination (apart from the workers directly involved in the processing of the uranium ore) affected mainly the lower middle-class families living in the outskirts. From the early 1940s until the late 1960s St. Louis based chemical company Mallinckrodt was the major manufacturer of uranium utilized in the Manhattan Project and later on in the development of the American national atomic energy programme. As the result of the negligence of many social and political actors, the radioactive waste produced by Mallinckrodt spread over the city’s suburbs contaminating air, soil and water. These facts, however, were not publicly known for many years. Just recently they received the publicity that they demanded. Even though the radioactive contamination of St. Louis dates back to the 1940s, the affected areas had not been taken care of till the late 1980s, when the city was included into FUSRAP and Superfund programmes, which were established by the U.S. government to “clean the radioactive mess”left recklessly in the American landscape some decades ago. The author of the article adopts the notion of negative heritage introduced by Lynn Meskell (2002) to interpret the significance of the radioactive contamination of the region and contextualize the works of Ross. The artist herself understands her projects, which may as well fall into the recently established category of artivism, as adaptive strategies for the slowly approaching environmental catastrophe. In a more general sense Ross calls out not only for the redefinition of St. Louis negative radioactive heritage, but also for the new culture of nature and new modes of human –environment relations.

This study aimed to assess the pollution levels, sources, and human health risks of heavy metals in street dust from a typical industrial district in Wuhan City, Central China. In total, 47 street dust samples were collected from the major traffic arteries and streets around Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company (WISC) in Qingshan District, Wuhan. The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cd) in street dust were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that the mean concentrations of Zn (249.71 mg/kg), Cu (51.15 mg/kg), and Cd (0.86 mg/kg) in street dust were higher than their corresponding soil background values in Hubei Province. Heavy metal enrichment is closely related to urban transportation and industrial production. The pollution level of heavy metals in street dust was assessed using the geo-accumulation method (Igeo) and potential ecological risk assessment (PERI). Based on the Igeo value, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni showed no pollution, Zn and Cu showed light to moderate contamination, and Cd showed moderate contamination. The PERI values of heavy metals in street dust ranged between 76.70 and 7027.28, which represents a medium to high potential ecological risk. Principal component analysis showed that the sources of heavy metals in street dust were mainly influenced by anthropogenic activities. Among the studied metals, Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe, and Mn mainly come from industrial processes, while Ni and Cd come from traffic exhaust. The non-carcinogenic risk indexes of heavy metals for children and adults are ranked as Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd > Zn. The health risks to children through the different exposure pathways are higher than those for adults. Hand-to-mouth intake is the riskiest exposure pathway for non-carcinogenic risk. In addition, Cr, Ni, and Cd do not pose a carcinogenic risk for the residents.

Current article considers the contribution of X-ray physicists from the city of Novosibirsk to the formation and development of the two X-ray spectral analysis directions: electron probe microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis using the synchrotron radiation. The research on geological topics at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences using the MS-46 electron probe microanalyzer of the French company CAMECA (since 1967) served as the basis for the development of methods for the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of rock-forming minerals as the methods for quantitative determination of the contents of elements with low atomic numbers in the long-wavelength X-ray region were still in their infancy. With the development and the improvement of the method’s technical base (microprobes JXA-5A, JEOL, 1975; Kamebaks Micro, CAMECA, 1981; JXA-8100, JEOL, 2003; JXA-8230, JEOL, 2016; electronic computing), the software for controlling the operation of devices and converting the measured intensities of the analytical lines into the concentration of elements continued to changed and improve. The first results of elemental analysis, obtained using the synchrotron radiation to excite X-ray fluorescence at the VEPP-3 accelerating ring at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, were published in1977. Inthe following years, at the station of elemental SRXRF, samples of various nature were studied — biological (bio tissues of the heart, liver, lungs, hairs, bones, plants), geological, environmental objects (soils, sediments, aerosols, etc.), archaeological sites as well as new technological materials. The procedures for the determination of chemical elements in low-mass samples (milligrams) in unique samples of lunar soil samples, biopsy material of human myocardial tissues, etc. have been developed. The scanning device at the elemental SRXRF station made it possible to obtain the information for reconstructing the climate change for different periods of time – from 100 to 1000 years. A new non-destructive method of confocal X-ray microscopy for studying micro-objects and visualizing the distribution of chemical elements in extended objects on this station are currently being developed.

The intervention of industrial production in the state of nature-reserved objects often causes a number of changes in natural ecosystems. In the city of Boryslav and its surroundings, industrial oil production has already caused a large number of environmental problems. In order to preserve the valuable native beech-fir forests surrounding the city on the southern side, the gene pool of the animal and plant world, and maintain the overall ecological balance in the Drohobych region, in 1984 the Boryslavsky landscape reserve of local importance was created, the area of which is 2,049.3 hectares. The territory of the reserve belongs to the Upper Dniester Beskydy district and is of particular importance for ensuring the water regime of the Tysmenytsia River and its tributaries, in the basin of which it is located. Also, 15 red book insect species were found here, which is about half of the red book entomofauna of the Transcarpathian region in general, and a number of insects that are under protection in European countries or recognized as rare, although they are not listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 6 rare red book species of animals. Our research confirmed the presence of four Red Book grass species that have the nature conservation status of unassessed and two rare phytocenoses (the association of Alnetum (incanae)alliosum (ursini) and Fageto (sylvaticae)Abietum (albae) Hederosum. The territory of the reserve is located within the boundaries of South Boryslav of the oil field, which belongs to the most promising oil and gas-bearing areas of Precarpathia. In accordance with the approved limit for the special use of natural resources within the territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of local importance, in accordance with the state environmental protection department in the Lviv region, and on the basis of the permit issued by the local self-government body, the limited liability company "First Ukrainian Gas and Oil Company" began conducting geological exploration works on the site belonging to the territory of the Boryslavsky Reserve. the territory of the nature reserve, with an area of 2.5 hectares, located on the border of blocks 63 and 66, vid. 5 square meters 66 and part of ed. 1 and 2 sq. 63 of the Boryslav Forestry (territory of the reserve, altitude about 740 m above sea level) was cut down due to the need for geological exploration. As of today, this company has a special permit to use the subsoil of this area and plans to continue its activities. Given these circumstances, we consider it expedient to remove this area from the lands of the landscape reserve of local importance "Borislavsky", as it does not fulfill the functions assigned to it, namely: protection, preservation and restoration of valuable fir and beech plantations of natural origin with a typical formations with flora and fauna. In turn, we propose to include two plots of highly productive beech-fir groves from the lands of the State Enterprise "Drogobitske LG", Boryslav Forestry, namely sections No. 20 (area of 2.8 ha) and No. 22 (area of 1.2 ha) ) of the 44th quarter. These areas, bordering the lands of the landscape reserve, were selected as a result of the study of the tree stand, features of vegetation and soil cover, the existing natural undergrowth of beech and fir, the presence of plant and animal species included in the Red Book and subject to protection. Thus, the area of the reserve will increase by 1.5 hectares.

Thirty-one samples of sludge were taken, stored at the natural radioactive waste collection site, NORM, in Khidir Al-Maa, south of Basra city, resulting from the operations of extracting and filtering crude oil in oil fields in Basra Oil Company, to determine gas concentrations Radon 222Rn and other radioisotopes in Sludge models. The rapid electronic technology was adopted through the RAD7 device, the active method, and the gamma analysis technique using HPGe High Purity Germanium Detectors to determine the specific activity of radioactive elements. The measurements for this study showed 98463±7031 Bq.m-3 in sample no. S10 a barrel of sludge was brought from the third Degassing Station plant in the northern Rumaila oil field and least concentrated is 8317±594 Bq.m-3 in sample no. S14 sludge belonging to the sixth Degassing Station / West Qurna-1, the study also revealed the presence of high concentrations of the specific effectiveness of radioactive isotopes (214Pb, 212Bi, 226Ra) and (212Pb, 212Bi, 228Ac) of the uranium-238 series and Thorium-232 series in a sludge form selected from a barrel returning to the third gas isolation plant - North Rumaila Oilfield and stockpile at the collection site, where the specific activity value of radium was 226 Ra 133851 Bq.k-1 of the uranium-238 series and for lead 212Pb 56432 Bq.k-1 of For uranium-238 series compared to their concentrations, 32 Bq.k-1 45 Bq.k-1 in a natural soil model. The effective dose to which on-site workers would be exposed in contact was calculated and found to be 196.92 Svh-1, a dose that exceeded the proposed 50 Sv. h-1 dose limits by the US EPA. The probability of developing cancer due to exposure to radon per million people was found and it was found to be a high value compared to the suggested value (170-230) per million people previously by ICRP.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a utilização do ingrediente ativo imidacloprid, aplicado em diferentes dosagens, por meio de gel condicionador de solo, em mudas de Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae) recém-plantadas. O experimento foi instalado em uma das áreas da Empresa Celulose Irani S.A., no município de Vargem Bonita, SC, com desenho experimental em blocos ao acaso com 5 tratamentos e 8 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 25, 56 e 81 dias após a instalação do experimento. A análise estatística mostrou não haver diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A presença da APP próxima ao experimento influenciou significativamente nos resultados. A intensidade de dano após três avaliações (81 dias) foi de 4,06%, resultado este promissor para o controle de quenquéns (Acromyrmex spp.) com a metodologia proposta.Palavras-chave: Controle químico; formigas cortadeiras; avaliação de dano. AbstractEvaluation of imidacloprid usage in control of Acromyrmex spp. in Pinus taeda planting. This research aimed to evaluate usage of active ingredient imidacloprid in different dosages, applied as gel soil conditioner in seedlings of Pinus taeda L. (Pinaceae) newly planted. The experiment was installed in one area of the company Celulose Irani S. A., at Vargem Bonita city, Santa Catarina State. The experimental design was randomized blocks with five treatments and 8 replicates. Evaluations were performed at 25, 56 and 81 days after the experiment beginning. The presence of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) near the experimental area significantly influenced the outcome. The intensity of damage after three assessments (81 days) was 4.06%, a promising result for control leaf-cutting ants (Acromyrmex spp.) with the proposed methodology.Keywords: Chemical control; leaf-cutting ants; damage assessment.

AbstrakLogo adalah bahasa visual yang merupakan abstraksi dan representasi dari banyak hal. Logo sering berisi kode atau tanda artistik yang hanya dimengerti oleh konvensi tertentu. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memahami pemaknaan logo Rumah Atsiri Indonesia baik secara tekstual maupun kontekstual. Kajian tekstual membahas elemen-elemen pembentuk visual logo, seperti bentuk dasar, warna, dan teks. Pada pemaknaan kontekstual lebih mendalami perihal aspek kesejarahan yang melatarbelakangi pembentukan pemilihan logo itu sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Studi kasus dipilih agar data yang digali lebih spesifik dan mendalam melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Pada tahap analisis, data dari lapangan akan dielaborasi dengan data dari literatur seperti, buku, jurnal, dan penelusuran website. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini antara lain, bentuk logo mengambil bentuk dasar fasad bangunan lama, dan pemilihan nama Rumah Atsiri Indonesia (kedua hal tersebut) merupakan abstraksi dari tindakan penerusan spirit cita-cita lama Pabrik Citronella 1963; warna pada logo adalah hasil perpaduan nuansa tanah dan cahaya matahari sebagai respon terhadap alam sekitar; pemilihan font memiliki kesamaan nuansa dengan gaya arsitektur bangunan lama dan sejarah keberadaan bangunan tersebut. Proses kreatif tersebut merupakan upaya untuk membentuk otentisitas Rumah Atsiri Indonesia melalui logo. Kata Kunci: logo, revitalisasi, Rumah Atsiri Indonesia, sejarah, semiotika AbstractThe Logo is one of polysemic sign language. It contains multiple subjective and objective meanings. This research will textually and contextually discuss the logo of Rumah Atsiri Indonesia. In textual area, the limit of this research will be on logo’s visual elements such as form, color, and body text. In contextual area, it will discuss historical reason behind the creative process of the logo. This research is qualitative study uses case study approaching. Case study is the best approach to lead researcher to a dept and specific information through observation, interview, and literature study. The datas both from field research and literature will be elaborated. Findings show that the main idea of the logo’s form is created from the roaster shape in old building’s façade. The name ‘Rumah Atsiri Indonesia’ and the fact that the logo’s form is taking from roaster’s design were derived by a willing of physically and historically conservation of the past 1963 company ‘Citronella Factory’; the color of the logo represents soil, sunlight and is a response to embrace the nature; typeface design follows the antiquity of old company and its historycal aspects. Thus, the discussion conclued that the logo of Rumah Atsiri Indonesia is symbol of its authenticity. Keywords: conservation, history, logo, Rumah Atsiri Indonesia, semiotic

Farming in urban areas is recognized as a sustainable approach towards the provision of food, and it has increased in Malaysia over recent years. Urban farming has emerged as one approach to contribute to local food security by increasing the availability and accessibility of fresh and healthy produce. Solar Nutrient Film Technique System is a product that can overcome challenges for agriculture sector at urban area. This product objective are to reduce the cost of living, to improvement of food self-sufficiency, to minimize water usage, to create environmentally friendly product and to provide space for agriculture activities for urban area. The novelty and uniqueness of NFT are it can be grown outdoors, indoors even in small space. Furthermore, the NFT is the cultivation of plants without using soil. Vegetables are planted in inert growing media and supplied with nutrient-rich solutions, oxygen, and water by using the electric pump. The application of solar pump also can reduce the cost of electricity and save the environment. Due to challenges of life in an urban environment where the time and space for gardening are limited, the innovation idea of hydroponics system will help the people to plant their fresh produce even though in the city. It creates commercialization potential to individual or company to start on agriculture production. Hydroponic agriculture using the Solar NFT System could be an option for meeting the world's growing food demand. One of the aspects to consider is the nutritional needs of the hydroponic plant. The NFT hydroponic nutrient controlling system is designed to help farmers manage the proper amount of nourishment for their plants. To manage the amount of nutrients, this system use the linear regression method. The precision gained from the controlling system experiment is 87.84%.

In this article, the authors analyze results of their long-term researches on protection of buildings and structures against dynamic loads caused by the nature and/or human activities. They also give the grounds for necessity to provide vibration insulation of buildings, and show how to choose and calculate proper parameters for rubber vibroseismic insulators. Specifics of finite element method applied for static calculating the vibroseismic insulators is also described. In order to take into account weak compressibility of rubber, a moment finite element scheme was used, which assumes a triple approximation of the displacement vector components consisting of strain tensor and volume change function. Stress-strain state of the shock absorbers was determined for different standard sizes and diameters. The authors also describe two variants of calculation depending on the method of fixing the insulator’s ends. In the first case, the ends are vulcanized to the metal plates. In the second variant, the ends are free and can move in a horizontal plane. Influence of ratio of the shock absorber height and radius to the strain state of a structure was also analyzed. In order to determine factual levels of the soil and pile vibration (in two horizontal and one vertical directions), vibrodynamic studies were carried out. The obtained vibration signals were registered by the one-component vibration transducers 731A (vibration sensors) produced by the Wilcoxon Research company (the USA). Then, the vibration records were processed by the specialized program “Seismic Monitoring”. Based on the results of these studies, numerical calculations were performed in order to determine whether the predicted levels of the residential building vibrations are in compliance with the existing sanitary standards when exposed to real technogeneous loads. Vibrodynamic tests on vibration acceleration levels of the vibration-insulated reinforced concrete slabs and floors in residential building confirmed high effectiveness of the used vibroseismic insulation system with the rubber elements: the registered vibration acceleration levels in the residential building on all floors did not exceed acceptable levels set by the sanitary standards, and ensured comfortable living conditions under different dynamic impacts. The results of this work make it possible to design buildings with anti-seismic protection by using the designed rubber elements in accordance with the local conditions of the city of Almaty.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade do ar na cidade de Maceió-AL utilizando o modelo numérico de mesoescala WRF/CHEM (Weather Research and forecasting/Chemistry) durante o período de 23 a 25 de abril de 2011. O WRF/CHEM foi configurado para realizar quatro tipos de simulações: Default - simulação com a topografia e uso do solo padrões do modelo; Topo - simulação com a topografia atualizada e uso do solo padrão; IGBP - simulação com a topografia padrão e uso do solo atualizado e Topo_IGBP - simulação com a atualização da topografia e uso do solo. O inventário de emissões veiculares necessário para servir como dado de entrada no modelo foi construído de acordo com a metodologia proposta pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) onde se calculou as emissões totais em toneladas anuais de monóxido de carbono (CO), óxidos de nitrogênio (NOx), hidrocarbonetos não metano (NMHC) e material particulado (MP). O modelo WRF/CHEM foi executado com duas grades aninhadas com espaçamento de grade de 5 e 1 km. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a resolução de 1 km obteve resultados melhores, em relação às observações, para as simulações de temperatura, umidade relativa e concentrações de dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) do que os resultados obtidos pelas simulações utilizando a grade de 5 km, porém a variabilidade horária foi melhor representada pela resolução de 5 km. A simulação Topo foi a que apresentou melhor acurácia das simulações nas duas resoluções adotadas mostrando que a atualização da topografia é mais eficiente do que a atualização do uso do solo.Palavras-Chave: WRF/CHEM; inventário; topografia; uso do solo; resolução. A B S T R A C TThis work aims to evaluate the air quality in the city of Maceió-AL using the numerical model of the WRF/CHEM (Weather Research and forecasting / Chemistry) during the period from April 23 to 25, 2011. The WRF/CHEM was configured to perform four types of simulations: Default - simulation with topography and land use patterns of the model; Topo - simulation with updated topography and standard soil use; IGBP - simulation with the standard topography and updated soil use and Topo_IGBP - simulation with updating topography and land use. The vehicle emissions inventory required to serve as input data in the model was constructed according to the methodology proposed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) where the total emissions in annual tons of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and particulate matter (MP). The WR /CHEM model was run with two nested grids with grid spacing of 5 and 1 km. The results obtained showed that the resolution of 1 km obtained better results, relative to the observations, for the simulations of temperature, relative humidity and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations than the results obtained by the simulations using the 5 km grid, the hourly variability was best represented by the resolution of 5 km. The Topo simulation was the one that presented better accuracy of the simulations in the two adopted resolutions showing that the updating of the topography is more efficient than the update of the land use.Keywords: WRF/CHEM; inventory; topography; land use; resolution.

Mining and copper production in Bor, in the past hundred years, had a huge impact on the environment of town, but also in a wide region. In the area of Bor, in the zone of Mining and Smelting Company (RTB) activity, over 29,000 ha of land under forests and fields is degraded. The area of degraded agricultural land in the Bor municipality is over 60% of total agricultural land. Wastewater, generated in the sites of RTB Bor, pollute the Bor River and Krivelj River, which still flow into the Timok River and Danube River. These pollutions are often presented by low pH value, increased content of heavy metal ions, suspended particles and fine particles of flotation tailings, which is deposited in the valleys of these rivers on the area of over 2000 hectares. During the decades of exploitation of ore from the open pit Bor at different locations ("Visoki Planir" - also called ?Ostreljski planir?, "Severni planir" dump of ore body "H" (RTH)) gangue and tailings were delayed. The largest amount of tailings, about 150 million tons, was postponed on location Visoki planir. The effect of the mining waste and the impact of the whole process of processing copper ore to the final products on the environment, was conducted during the 4th study period of the project "Management of mining waste-tailing dump in the Bor region," supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion Science (Eng. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) and the Japan international cooperation Agency and the Ministry of environment, Mining and Spatial planning of the Republic of Serbia. Influence of season on the level of pollutants in soil and water, the impact on water quality in the river Timok and the River Danube, was conducted during first three periods of project. This paper presents the results of the third study period. The third period of research, which was conducted over a period of 17. 10. 2012 to 17. 01.2013 year, included a review of pollution sources and define their impact on the environment. The study included the following sources of pollution: mining waste and drainage water originating from the active mine (Bor pit , field 1 Krivelj large tailings, flotation tailings in Bor RTH, metallurgical water), as well as the drainage water from the flotation tailings, which are no longer in operation (field 2 flotation tailings Great Krivelj, drainage water from the old Bor flotation tailings), the old inactive landfill mine gangue (Saraka landfill, Veliki planir - tailings from the old Bor mine, landfill mine gangue from mine RTH) and the city - urban waste water, which are discharged without treatment directly into the watercourse Bor River. Wastewater directly pollute Bor River and Krivalj River.

Integrated geo- and environmental monitoring in mining represents a high-dimensional challenge (location, altitude/depth, time and sensors). This is challenging for experts but poses great problems for a multitude of participants and stakeholders in building up a complete process understanding. The Epe research cooperation aims to elucidate the ground movement at the Epe cavern storage facility with a public participation process. The research cooperation was founded by the city of Gronau, the citizens’ initiative cavern field Epe, the company EFTAS, Münster, and the Research Center of Post-Mining at the Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola, Bochum. This research cooperation is the first in Germany to involve direct collaboration between science and the public. In the cavern field, which has been in operation since the 1970s, brine is extracted, and at the same time natural gas, crude oil and helium, as well as hydrogen in the future, are stored in the subsurface. The technical focus of this work was the development of a high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of ground movements. The area is monitored annually by the mining company’s mine surveyor. The complexity of the monitoring issue lies in the fact that the western part is a bog area and a former bog area. Furthermore, the soils in the eastern part are very humus-rich and show strong fluctuations in the groundwater and therefore complex hydraulic conditions. At the same time, there are few fixed scatterers or prominent points in the area that allow high-resolution spatiotemporal monitoring using simple radar interferometry methods. Therefore, the SBAS method (Small Baseline Subset), which is based on an aerial method, was used to analyze the radar interferometric datasets. Using an SBAS analysis, it was possible to evaluate a time series of 760 scenes over the period from 2015 to 2023. The results were integrated with the mine survey maps on the ground movement and other open geodata on the surface, the soil layers and the overburden. The results show complex forms of ground movement. The main influence is that of mining. Nevertheless, the influence of organic soils with drying out due to drought years and uplift in wet years is great. Thus, in dry years, ground subsidence accelerates, and in wet years, ground subsidence not only slows down but in some cases also causes uplift. This complexity of ground movements and the necessary understanding of the processes involved has been communicated to the interested public at several public information events as part of the research cooperation. In this way, an understanding of the mining process was built up, and transparency was created in the subsurface use, also as a part of the energy transition. In technical terms, the research cooperation also provides a workflow for developing the annual mine survey maps into an integrated geo- and environmental monitoring system with the development of a transparent participatory geomonitoring process to provide resilience management to a mining location.

Today, Philippine society is confronted by different types of social problems that require solidarity with the poor, marginalized groups, and nature. In this regard, what can Filipino theologians do to address these challenges? Carlito “Karl” Gaspar, in thinking theologically, proposes to rediscover the precolonial Filipino spirituality to address the social issues. For Gaspar, precolonial Filipino spirituality is a transformative-oriented spirituality and inherently Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan (For God, People, Nature). Gaspar argues that reclaiming the roots of our connection with precolonial spirituality could lead us towards developing solidarity with the poor, with marginalized groups, and with nature. Analyzing Gaspar’s The Masses Are Messiah: Contemplating the Filipino Soul (2010) as resource dissipation, this paper is an invitation to explore precolonial Filipino spirituality as a source to transform power structures. The paper is divided into five parts: First, the paper gives a brief introduction to the life and work of Karl Gaspar. Second, the paper offers an overview of Gaspar’s book, The Masses Are Messiah. Third, the paper discusses Gaspar’s transformative spirituality. Lastly, the paper advances the precolonial Filipino spirituality as a potential source for a holistic model of Filipino spirituality, especially for Filipino Pentecostal spirituality. Therefore, Filipino Pentecostal spirituality becomes meaningful, useful, and relevant in the Philippine context. References “Black Nazarene statue draws 800,000 Philippine Catholics to procession in Manila,” South China Morning Post, January 9, 2019. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/2181294/black-nazarene-statue-draws-800000-philippine-catholics. (accessed January 10, 2019) “Human Flourishing Project Brief Paper 1,” TearFund UK, February 2016. https://learn.tearfund.org/~/media/files/tilz/research/01_deanedrummond_a_theological_commentary_humanflourishing.pdf. (accessed January 20, 2019). “Philippines: Over five million join 'Black Nazarene' procession,” Independent Catholic News, 2019. https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/36325. Originally published in Agenzia Fides, http://www.fides.org/en/news/65356-ASIA_PHILIPPINES_Over_5_million_pilgrims_at_the_Black_Nazarene_feast. (accessed January 20, 2019. “Religion Prevails in the World,” Gallup International, 2019. http://gallup-international.bg/en/Publications/2017/373-Religion-prevails-in-the-world. (accessed January 20, 2019). Amit, Miguel Angelo B. “Exposing Hypocrisy: Rizal’s Critique of the Philippine Religious Culture and Bulatao’s Split-level Christianity,” Talisik: An Undergraduate Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 3, No.1, (date not indicated): 4-19. Arguillas, Carolyn O. “Tribute to Mindanao’s Karl Gaspar: 3 awards in one month,” 2017. http://www.mindanews.com/top-stories/2017/09/tribute-to-mindanaos-karl-gaspar-3-awards-in-one-month/. (accessed January 19, 2019). Batara, Jame Bryan. “Overlap of religiosity and spirituality among Filipinos and its implications towards religious prosociality,” International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology Vol. 4 No. 3, (2015): 3-21. Benavidez, Doreen A. ‘Pentecostalism and Social Responsibility, Prospects and Challenges for the Ecumenical Movement in the 21st Century’ Insights from the Global Ecumenical Theological Institute, No. 12, (Geneva, Globalethics.net, 2016), 171-178. http://www.globethics.net/documents/4289936/13403236/GE_Global_12_web.pdf. (accessed December 28, 2018). Buenafe, Christian B. “Foreword” in The Masses Are Messiah: Contemplating the Filipino Soul. Quezon City: Institute of Spirituality in Asia Publications, 2010. Bulatao, Jaime C. Split-level Christianity. Manila, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1966. Bulatao, Jaime C. Phenomena and Their Interpretation: Landmark Essays 1957-1989. Manila: Ateneo de Manila, 1966. Calano, Mark Joseph. (2015), ‘The Black Nazarene, Quiapo, and the Weak Philippine State,’ Kritika Kultura Vol. 25, (2015):166-187. Clifton, Shane. ‘Pentecostals and Ecology – part 1,’ Pentecostal Discussion Blog, May 2005. https://scc.typepad.com/scc_faculty_pentecostal_d/2006/05/pentecostals_an.html. (accessed January 23, 2019). Clifton, Shane. “Preaching the ‘Full Gospel’ in the Context of Global Environmental Crises.” in The Spirit Renews the Face of the Earth: Pentecostal Forays in Science and Theology of Creation, edited by Amos Yong, 117-34. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2009. Cornelio, Jayeel S. Philippines beyond clichés: ‘Catholic country’ New Mandala, 2018. https://www.newmandala.org/beyond-cliches-catholic-country/. (January 11 2019). Drum, Mary Therese. “Women, Religion and Social Change In The Philippines: Refractions of the Past in Urban Filipinas' Religious Practices Today, School of Social Inquiry,” PhD. diss. Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, 2001. https://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30023597/drum-womenreligionandsocial-2001.pdf. (accessed January 20, 2019). Faysaleyyah, Abdullah, et. al. Organized Chaos: A Cultural Analysis of Quiapo, Unpublished paper https://www.academia.edu/3684663/Organized_Chaos_A_Cultural_Analysis_of_Quiapo_in_the_Philippines. (accessed January 20, 2019). Gasch-Tomás, José L. “The Hispanization of the Philippines. Spanish Aims and Filipino Responses,” 1565–1700, European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire, Vol. 19, No. 3, (2012): 452-453. Gaspar, Karl. The Masses Are Messiah: Contemplating the Filipino Soul. Quezon City: Institute of Spirituality in Asia Publications, 2010. Homes, Peter R. “Spirituality: Some Disciplines Perspectives,” in A Sociology of Religion, eds. Kieran Flanagan and Peter C. Jupp, England, Ashgate Publishing Company, 2007. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. in Toward A Pneumatological Theology: Pentecostal and Ecumenical Perspectives on Ecclesiology, Soteriology, and Theology of Mission, ed. Amos Young, USA: University of America, 2002. Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti. “Are Pentecostals Oblivious to Social Justice? Theological and Ecumenical Perspectives,” Missiology: An International Review, Vol. 29, No. 4 (2001): 417–431. Kees, Waaijman, Spirituality: Forms, Foundations, Methods. Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2002. Kees, Waaijman. “Spirituality, A Multifaceted Phenomenon: Interdisciplinary Explorations”, in Studies in Spirituality, Vol. 17, (2017): 1-113. Lacal, Marlon A, Torre, Edicio G. and Miranda, Dionisio M., Spirituality as Interdisciplinary Phenomenon: The Philippine Setting. Quezon City: Institute of Spirituality in Asia Publications, 2011. Lacsa, Jose Eric M. “Integral Eucharist: a way to bring about Environmental Awareness,” 2018. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/arts-congress-proceedings/2018/acp-04.pdf. (accessed January 20, 2019). Matienzo, Rhochie Avelino “The Quiapo Leap: A Kierkegaardian Reading of the Religious Experience of the Black Nazarene Popular Devotion,” Kritike: An Online Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 10, No. 2, (2016): 29-43. Matienzo, Rhochie Avelino E. “Kierkegaard in Quiapo! An Existential Look at the Quiapo Black Nazarene Popular Religious Experience,” Kritike: An Online Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 10, No. 2, (2016):43-71. https://www.kritike.org/volume-10-2.html. (accessed January 20, 2019). Odchigue, Randy J.C. “Emancipating Religion from Religion: Reflections on the Contribution of Karl Gaspar,” This article was read at the Damdaming Katoliko sa Teolohiya (DaKaTeo) – Catholic Theological Society of the Philippine General Assembly Conference in October 16-17, 2017 held at St. Vincent School of Theology Quezon City, Philippines. Paris, Janella. “Things to know about the Feast of the Black Nazarene,” Rappler, 2019. https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/220515-things-to-know-about-feast-black-nazarene>, (accessed January 20, 2019). Piscos, James Loreto C. “Poststructuralist Reading of Popular Religiosity in the Devotion to the Black Nazarene in Quiapo,” Scientia: The International Journal on Liberal Arts, Vol. 7, No. 2, (2018): 101-115. Ramirez, Robertzon and Galupo Rey. “Black Nazarene devotees leave 43 trucks of trash after traslacion,” The Philippine Star, January 11, 2019. https://www.philstar.com/nation/2019/01/11/1883990/black-nazarene-devotees-leave-43-trucks-trash-after-traslacion#XDXKiDbdSywXfCBt.99. (accessed January 20, 2019).Sadje, Hadje C. “Reinventing Pentecostal Prophetic Ministry in the Philippines,” Pentecostals and Charismatic for Peace and Justice, 2018. https://pcpj.org/2018/03/18/reinventing-pentecostal-prophetic-ministry-in-the-philippines/. (accessed January 20, 2019). Tallman, Matthew. “Pentecostal Ecology: A Theological Paradigm for Pentecostal Environmentalism” in The Spirit Renews the Face of the Earth: Pentecostal Forays in Science and Theology of Creation, ed. Amos Yong, Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2009..Tan, Michael T. “Translating Quiapo,” Inquirer Net: Philippine Daily Inquirer, January 10, 2013. https://opinion.inquirer.net/44593/translating-quiapo#ixzz5iKQ4i6LO. (accessed March 16, 2019). Tejedo, Joel A. The Church in the Public Square: Engaging our Christian Witness in the Community. Baguio City, Sambayanihan Publishers, 2016. Yabot, Homer. “The Development of the Filipino Spirituality Scale,” Presented at the DLSU ARTS Congress October 2018, at De La Salle University-Manila, Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328040686_The_Development_of_the_Filipino_Spirituality_Scale. (accessed March 13, 2019). Waaijman, Kees. Spirituality: Forms, Foundations, Methods: Studies in Spirituality, Supplement 18 Translated by John Vriend. Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 2003.

The 2000s have been a lively decade for cities. The Worldwatch Institute estimated that 2007 was the first year in human history that more people worldwide lived in cities than the countryside. Globalisation and new digital media technologies have generated the seemingly paradoxical outcome that spatial location came to be more rather than less important, as combinations of firms, industries, cultural activities and creative talents have increasingly clustered around a select node of what have been termed “creative cities,” that are in turn highly networked into global circuits of economic capital, political power and entertainment media. Intellectually, the period has seen what the UCLA geographer Ed Soja refers to as the spatial turn in social theory, where “whatever your interests may be, they can be significantly advanced by adopting a critical spatial perspective” (2). This is related to the dynamic properties of socially constructed space itself, or what Soja terms “the powerful forces that arise from socially produced spaces such as urban agglomerations and cohesive regional economies,” with the result that “what can be called the stimulus of socio-spatial agglomeration is today being assertively described as the primary cause of economic development, technological innovation, and cultural creativity” (14). The demand for social justice in cities has, in recent years, taken the form of “Right to the City” movements. The “Right to the City” movement draws upon the long tradition of radical urbanism in which the Paris Commune of 1871 features prominently, and which has both its Marxist and anarchist variants, as well as the geographer Henri Lefebvre’s (1991) arguments that capitalism was fundamentally driven by the production of space, and that the citizens of a city possessed fundamental rights by virtue of being in a city, meaning that political struggle in capitalist societies would take an increasingly urban form. Manifestations of contemporary “Right to the City” movements have been seen in the development of a World Charter for the Right to the City, Right to the City alliances among progressive urban planners as well as urban activists, forums that bring together artists, architects, activists and urban geographers, and a variety of essays on the subject by radical geographers including David Harvey, whose work I wish to focus upon here. In his 2008 essay "The Right to the City," Harvey presents a manifesto for 21st century radical politics that asserts that the struggle for collective control over cities marks the nodal point of anti-capitalist movements today. It draws together a range of strands of arguments recognizable to those familiar with Harvey’s work, including Marxist political economy, the critique of neoliberalism, the growth of social inequality in the U.S. in particular, and concerns about the rise of speculative finance capital and its broader socio-economic consequences. My interest in Harvey’s manifesto here arises not so much from his prognosis for urban radicalism, but from how he understands the suburban in relation to this urban class struggle. It is an important point to consider because, in many parts of the world, growing urbanisation is in fact growing suburbanisation. This is the case for U.S. cities (Cox), and it is also apparent in Australian cities, with the rise in particular of outer suburban Master Planned Communities as a feature of the “New Prosperity” Australia has been experiencing since the mid 1990s (Flew; Infrastructure Australia). What we find in Harvey’s essay is that the suburban is clearly sub-urban, or an inferior form of city living. Suburbs are variously identified by Harvey as being:Sites for the expenditure of surplus capital, as a safety valve for overheated finance capitalism (Harvey 27);Places where working class militancy is pacified through the promotion of mortgage debt, which turns suburbanites into political conservatives primarily concerned with maintaining their property values;Places where “the neoliberal ethic of intense possessive individualism, and its cognate of political withdrawal from collective forms of action” are actively promoted through the proliferation of shopping malls, multiplexes, franchise stores and fast-food outlets, leading to “pacification by cappuccino” (32);Places where women are actively oppressed, so that “leading feminists … [would] proclaim the suburb as the locus of all their primary discontents” (28);A source of anti-capitalist struggle, as “the soulless qualities of suburban living … played a critical role in the dramatic events of 1968 in the US [as] discontented white middle-class students went into a phase of revolt, sought alliances with marginalized groups claiming civil rights and rallied against American imperialism” (28).Given these negative associations, one could hardly imagine citizens demanding the right to the suburb, in the same way as Harvey projects the right to the city as a rallying cry for a more democratic social order. Instead, from an Australian perspective, one is reminded of the critiques of suburbia that have been a staple of radical theory from the turn of the 20th century to the present day (Collis et. al.). Demanding the “right to the suburb” would appear here as an inherently contradictory demand, that could only be desired by those who the Australian radical psychoanalytic theorist Douglas Kirsner described as living an alienated existence where:Watching television, cleaning the car, unnecessary housework and spectator sports are instances of general life-patterns in our society: by adopting these patterns the individual submits to a uniform life fashioned from outside, a pseudo-life in which the question of individual self-realisation does not even figure. People live conditioned, unconscious lives, reproducing the values of the system as a whole (Kirsner 23). The problem with this tradition of radical critique, which is perhaps reflective of the estrangement of a section of the Australian critical intelligentsia more generally, is that most Australians live in suburbs, and indeed seem (not surprisingly!) to like living in them. Indeed, each successive wave of migration to Australia has been marked by families seeking a home in the suburbs, regardless of the housing conditions of the place they came from: the demand among Singaporeans for large houses in Perth, or what has been termed “Singaperth,” is one of many manifestations of this desire (Lee). Australian suburban development has therefore been characterized by a recurring tension between the desire of large sections of the population to own their own home (the fabled quarter-acre block) in the suburbs, and the condemnation of suburban life from an assortment of intellectuals, political radicals and cultural critics. This was the point succinctly made by the economist and urban planner Hugh Stretton in his 1970 book Ideas for Australian Cities, where he observed that “Most Australians choose to live in suburbs, in reach of city centres and also of beaches or countryside. Many writers condemn this choice, and with especial anger or gloom they condemn the suburbs” (Stretton 7). Sue Turnbull has observed that “suburbia has come to constitute a cultural fault-line in Australia over the last 100 years” (19), while Ian Craven has described suburbia as “a term of contention and a focus for fundamentally conflicting beliefs” in the Australian national imaginary “whose connotations continue to oscillate between dream and suburban nightmare” (48). The tensions between celebration and critique of suburban life play themselves out routinely in the Australian media, from the sun-lit suburbanism of Australia’s longest running television serial dramas, Neighbours and Home and Away, to the pointed observational critiques found in Australian comedy from Barry Humphries to Kath and Kim, to the dark visions of films such as The Boys and Animal Kingdom (Craven; Turnbull). Much as we may feel that the diagnosis of suburban life as a kind of neurotic condition had gone the way of the concept album or the tie-dye shirt, newspaper feature writers such as Catherine Deveny, writing in The Age, have offered the following as a description of the Chadstone shopping centre in Melbourne’s eastern suburbChadstone is a metastasised tumour of offensive proportions that's easy to find. You simply follow the line of dead-eyed wage slaves attracted to this cynical, hermetically sealed weatherless biosphere by the promise a new phone will fix their punctured soul and homewares and jumbo caramel mugachinos will fill their gaping cavern of disappointment … No one looks happy. Everyone looks anaesthetised. A day spent at Chadstone made me understand why they call these shopping centres complexes. Complex as in a psychological problem that's difficult to analyse, understand or solve. (Deveny) Suburbanism has been actively promoted throughout Australia’s history since European settlement. Graeme Davison has observed that “Australia’s founders anticipated a sprawl of homes and gardens rather than a clumping of terraces and alleys,” and quotes Governor Arthur Phillip’s instructions to the first urban developers of the Sydney Cove colony in 1790 that streets shall be “laid out in such a manner as to afford free circulation of air, and where the houses are built … the land will be granted with a clause that will prevent more than one house being built on the allotment” (Davison 43). Louise Johnson (2006) argued that the main features of 20th century Australian suburbanisation were very much in place by the 1920s, particularly land-based capitalism and the bucolic ideal of home as a retreat from the dirt, dangers and density of the city. At the same time, anti-suburbanism has been a significant influence in Australian public thought. Alan Gilbert (1988) drew attention to the argument that Australia’s suburbs combined the worst elements of the city and country, with the absence of both the grounded community associated with small towns, and the mental stimuli and personal freedom associated with the city. Australian suburbs have been associated with spiritual emptiness, the promotion of an ersatz, one-dimensional consumer culture, the embourgeoisment of the working-class, and more generally criticised for being “too pleasant, too trivial, too domestic and far too insulated from … ‘real’ life” (Gilbert 41). There is also an extensive feminist literature critiquing suburbanization, seeing it as promoting the alienation of women and the unequal sexual division of labour (Game and Pringle). More recently, critiques of suburbanization have focused on the large outer-suburban homes developed on new housing estates—colloquially known as McMansions—that are seen as being environmentally unsustainable and emblematic of middle-class over-consumption. Clive Hamilton and Richard Denniss’s Affluenza (2005) is a locus classicus of this type of argument, and organizations such as the Australia Institute—which Hamilton and Denniss have both headed—have regularly published papers making such arguments. Can the Suburbs Make You Creative?In such a context, championing the Australian suburb can feel somewhat like being an advocate for Dan Brown novels, David Williamson plays, Will Ferrell comedies, or TV shows such as Two and a Half Men. While it may put you on the side of majority opinion, you can certainly hear the critical axe grinding and possibly aimed at your head, not least because of the association of such cultural forms with mass popular culture, or the pseudo-life of an alienated existence. The art of a program such as Kath and Kim is that, as Sue Turnbull so astutely notes, it walks both sides of the street, both laughing with and laughing at Australian suburban culture, with its celebrity gossip magazines, gourmet butcher shops, McManisons and sales at Officeworks. Gina Riley and Jane Turner’s inspirations for the show can be seen with the presence of such suburban icons as Shane Warne, Kylie Minogue and Barry Humphries as guests on the program. Others are less nuanced in their satire. The website Things Bogans Like relentlessly pillories those who live in McMansions, wear Ed Hardy t-shirts and watch early evening current affairs television, making much of the lack of self-awareness of those who would simultaneously acquire Buddhist statues for their homes and take budget holidays in Bali and Phuket while denouncing immigration and multiculturalism. It also jokes about the propensity of “bogans” to loudly proclaim that those who question their views on such matters are demonstrating “political correctness gone mad,” appealing to the intellectual and moral authority of writers such as the Melbourne Herald-Sun columnist Andrew Bolt. There is also the “company you keep” question. Critics of over-consuming middle-class suburbia such as Clive Hamilton are strongly associated with the Greens, whose political stocks have been soaring in Australia’s inner cities, where the majority of Australia’s cultural and intellectual critics live and work. By contrast, the Liberal party under John Howard and now Tony Abbott has taken strongly to what could be termed suburban realism over the 1990s and 2000s. Examples of suburban realism during the Howard years included the former Member for Lindsay Jackie Kelly proclaiming that the voters of her electorate were not concerned with funding for their local university (University of Western Sydney) as the electorate was “pram city” and “no one in my electorate goes to uni” (Gibson and Brennan-Horley), and the former Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, Garry Hardgrave, holding citizenship ceremonies at Bunnings hardware stores, so that allegiance to the Australian nation could co-exist with a sausage sizzle (Gleeson). Academically, a focus on the suburbs is at odds with Richard Florida’s highly influential creative class thesis, which stresses inner urban cultural amenity and “buzz” as the drivers of a creative economy. Unfortunately, it is also at odds with many of Florida’s critics, who champion inner city activism as the antidote to the ersatz culture of “hipsterisation” that they associate with Florida (Peck; Slater). A championing of suburban life and culture is associated with writers such as Joel Kotkin and the New Geography group, who also tend to be suspicious of claims made about the creative industries and the creative economy. It is worth noting, however, that there has been a rich vein of work on Australian suburbs among cultural geographers, that has got past urban/suburban binaries and considered the extent to which critiques of suburban Australia are filtered through pre-existing discursive categories rather than empirical research findings (Dowling and Mee; McGuirk and Dowling; Davies (this volume). I have been part of a team engaged in a three-year study of creative industries workers in outer suburban areas, known as the Creative Suburbia project.[i] The project sought to understand how those working in creative industries who lived and worked in the outer suburbs maintained networks, interacted with clients and their peers, and made a success of their creative occupations: it focused on six suburbs in the cities of Brisbane (Redcliffe, Springfield, Forest Lake) and Melbourne (Frankston, Dandenong, Caroline Springs). It was premised upon what has been an inescapable empirical fact: however much talk there is about the “return to the city,” the fastest rates of population growth are in the outer suburbs of Australia’s major cities (Infrastructure Australia), and this is as true for those working in creative industries occupations as it is for those in virtually all other industry and occupational sectors (Flew; Gibson and Brennan-Horley; Davies). While there is a much rehearsed imagined geography of the creative industries that points to creative talents clustering in dense, highly agglomerated inner city precincts, incubating their unique networks of trust and sociality through random encounters in the city, it is actually at odds with the reality of where people in these sectors choose to live and work, which is as often as not in the suburbs, where the citizenry are as likely to meet in their cars at traffic intersections than walking in city boulevards.There is of course a “yes, but” response that one could have to such empirical findings, which is to accept that the creative workforce is more suburbanised than is commonly acknowledged, but to attribute this to people being driven out of the inner city by high house prices and rents, which may or may not be by-products of a Richard Florida-style strategy to attract the creative class. In other words, people live in the outer suburbs because they are driven out of the inner city. From our interviews with 130 people across these six suburban locations, the unequivocal finding was that this was not the case. While a fair number of our respondents had indeed moved from the inner city, just as many would—if given the choice—move even further away from the city towards a more rural setting as they would move closer to it. While there are clearly differences between suburbs, with creative people in Redcliffe being generally happier than those in Springfield, for example, it was quite clear that for many of these people a suburban location helped them in their creative practice, in ways that included: the aesthetic qualities of the location; the availability of “headspace” arising from having more time to devote to creative work rather than other activities such as travelling and meeting people; less pressure to conform to a stereotyped image of how one should look and act; financial savings from having access to lower-cost locations; and time saved by less commuting between locations.These creative workers generally did not see having access to the “buzz” associated with the inner city as being essential for pursuing work in their creative field, and they were just as likely to establish hardware stores and shopping centres as networking hubs as they were cafes and bars. While being located in the suburbs was disadvantageous in terms of access to markets and clients, but this was often seen in terms of a trade-off for better quality of life. Indeed, contrary to the presumptions of those such as Clive Hamilton and Catherine Deveny, they could draw creative inspiration from creative locations themselves, without feeling subjected to “pacification by cappuccino.” The bigger problem was that so many of the professional associations they dealt with would hold events in the inner city in the late afternoon or early evening, presuming people living close by and/or not having domestic or family responsibilities at such times. The role played by suburban locales such as hardware stores as sites for professional networking and as elements of creative industries value chains has also been documented in studies undertaken of Darwin as a creative city in Australia’s tropical north (Brennan-Horley and Gibson; Brennan-Horley et al.). Such a revised sequence in the cultural geography of the creative industries has potentially great implications for how urban cultural policy is being approached. The assumption that the creative industries are best developed in cities by investing heavily in inner urban cultural amenity runs the risk of simply bypassing those areas where the bulk of the nation’s artists, musicians, filmmakers and other cultural workers actually are, which is in the suburbs. Moreover, by further concentrating resources among already culturally rich sections of the urban population, such policies run the risk of further accentuating spatial inequalities in the cultural realm, and achieving the opposite of what is sought by those seeking spatial justice or the right to the city. An interest in broadband infrastructure or suburban university campuses is certainly far more prosaic than a battle for control of the nation’s cultural institutions or guerilla actions to reclaim the city’s streets. Indeed, it may suggest aspirations no higher than those displayed by Kath and Kim or by the characters of Barry Humphries’ satirical comedy. But however modest or utilitarian a focus on developing cultural resources in Australian suburbs may seem, it is in fact the most effective way of enabling the forms of spatial justice in the cultural sphere that many progressive people seek. ReferencesBrennan-Horley, Chris, and Chris Gibson. “Where Is Creativity in the City? Integrating Qualitative and GIS Methods.” Environment and Planning A 41.11 (2009): 2595–614. Brennan-Horley, Chris, Susan Luckman, Chris Gibson, and J. Willoughby-Smith. “GIS, Ethnography and Cultural Research: Putting Maps Back into Ethnographic Mapping.” The Information Society: An International Journal 26.2 (2010): 92–103.Collis, Christy, Emma Felton, and Phil Graham. “Beyond the Inner City: Real and Imagined Places in Creative Place Policy and Practice.” The Information Society: An International Journal 26.2 (2010): 104–12.Cox, Wendell. “The Still Elusive ‘Return to the City’.” New Geography 28 February 2011. < http://www.newgeography.com/content/002070-the-still-elusive-return-city >.Craven, Ian. “Cinema, Postcolonialism and Australian Suburbia.” Australian Studies 1995: 45-69. Davies, Alan. “Are the Suburbs Dormitories?” The Melbourne Urbanist 21 Sep. 2010. < http://melbourneurbanist.wordpress.com/2010/09/21/are-the-suburbs-dormitories/ >.Davison, Graeme. "Australia: The First Suburban Nation?” Journal of Urban History 22.1 (1995): 40-75. Deveny, Catherine. “No One Out Alive.” The Age 29 Oct. 2009. < http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/society-and-culture/no-one-gets-out-alive-20091020-h6yh.html >.Dowling, Robyn, and K. Mee. “Tales of the City: Western Sydney at the End of the Millennium.” Sydney: The Emergence of World City. Ed. John Connell. Melbourne: Oxford UP, 2000. 244–72.Flew, Terry. “Economic Prosperity, Suburbanization and the Creative Workforce: Findings from Australian Suburban Communities.” Spaces and Flows: Journal of Urban and Extra-Urban Studies 1.1 (2011, forthcoming).Game, Ann, and Rosemary Pringle. “Sexuality and the Suburban Dream.” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 15.2 (1979): 4–15.Gibson, Chris, and Chris Brennan-Horley. “Goodbye Pram City: Beyond Inner/Outer Zone Binaries in Creative City Research.” Urban Policy and Research 24.4 (2006): 455–71. Gilbert, A. “The Roots of Australian Anti-Suburbanism.” Australian Cultural History. Ed. S. I. Goldberg and F. B. Smith. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1988. 33–39. Gleeson, Brendan. Australian Heartlands: Making Space for Hope in the Suburbs. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2006.Hamilton, Clive, and Richard Denniss. Affluenza. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2005.Harvey, David. “The Right to the City.” New Left Review 53 (2008): 23–40.Infrastructure Australia. State of Australian Cities 2010. Infrastructure Australia Major Cities Unit. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. 2010.Johnson, Lesley. “Style Wars: Revolution in the Suburbs?” Australian Geographer 37.2 (2006): 259–77. Kirsner, Douglas. “Domination and the Flight from Being.” Australian Capitalism: Towards a Socialist Critique. Eds. J. Playford and D. Kirsner. Melbourne: Penguin, 1972. 9–31.Kotkin, Joel. “Urban Legends.” Foreign Policy 181 (2010): 128–34. Lee, Terence. “The Singaporean Creative Suburb of Perth: Rethinking Cultural Globalization.” Globalization and Its Counter-Forces in South-East Asia. Ed. T. Chong. Singapore: Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, 2008. 359–78. Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space. Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell, 1991.McGuirk, P., and Robyn Dowling. “Understanding Master-Planned Estates in Australian Cities: A Framework for Research.” Urban Policy and Research 25.1 (2007): 21–38Peck, Jamie. “Struggling with the Creative Class.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29.4 (2005): 740–70. Slater, Tom. “The Eviction of Critical Perspectives from Gentrification Research.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 30.4 (2006): 737–57. Soja, Ed. Seeking Spatial Justice. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2010.Stretton, Hugh. Ideas for Australian Cities. Melbourne: Penguin, 1970.Turnbull, Sue. “Mapping the Vast Suburban Tundra: Australian Comedy from Dame Edna to Kath and Kim.” International Journal of Cultural Studies 11.1 (2008): 15–32.

In Mexico, Agricultural Family Microenterprises (AFME) are called Rural Economic Units (UER) and according to the National Agricultural Survey in 2019 there were 4,650,783. Microenterprises generate 45.6% of employment and contribute 14.6% to the economic value of the Country. Like large companies, they are vulnerable to the generational succession process. This article highlights the importance of generational succession through a case study located in Mexico City. Through grounded theory, the information was integrated into stages: family and company diagnosis, origin of ownership, succession perspectives and analysis of the contingency plan. The lessons learned in the case study invite reflection on the importance of planning the generational succession process in the AFME´s for the preservation of conservation land in Mexico City.

2D Electrical Resistivity has been applied at three selecting areas within the study area using Dipole-dipole and Wenner arrays with an a-spacing of 1 m, and the profile length was 120 m for both. The total data points were 4455 reads for Dipole-dipole, and the total data points for Wenner were 2340 reads, and the depth of each array was 15.4 m and 20.2 m, respectively. The 2D inverse results indicate the resistivity anomalies approximately at depth (2 - 7.8) m formed as a weakness zone lies within the quaternary and Injana Formation deposits and interbedded with secondary gypsum and gypcretes. Additionally, the inverse resistivity distribution model demonstrated that the area is impacted by groundwater that is interaction with sand, silt, and clay of the subsurface layers due to the gypsiferous and gypcrete deposits. They are distinguished by their ability to interact with water, whether it is surface or underground, and as a result, cause the emergence of a set of cavities and voids that may be filled with sediments that contain high levels of water and cause soil to wet. As well, the investigation gives the ideal array as Dipole-dipole rather than Wenner array due to its better in signal to noise ratio and provides the most suitable resolution for these applications, as well as the study, recommends conducting engineering and site investigations of the soil and determining the type of soil and the appropriate treatment methods that can overcome these problems.

The environmental-ecological problem that humanity faces today is believed to be as ‘the ultimate life issue.’Such is the rationale for the study. This research investigates the said issue thru descriptive-historical research. Lonergan’smethod is used as a framework of the study. Lonergan distinguishes four realms of meaning as: (1) common sense, (2) theory, (3) interiority, and (4) transcendence. The investigation covers the gamut of the ecological problem, the causes and origins, the present environmental situation, its encompassing effects, and the different paradigmatic responses to it. The environmental crisis can be traced from how the people’s mindset and cultural attitudes operate in relationto how nature can be used in the pursuit of science, modernization, growth, and progress. The sad state of theenvironmental degradation includes the prevalence of continued deforestation, uncontrolled flooding, topsoil erosion,heavily silted inland waterways, destruction of coral reefs, and various forms of pollution. Amidst the crisis, hope can be seenfrom the moral values and beliefs of Filipinos. Social principles can be transformed into practice through authentic humanfunctioning associated with knowledge and choice. References Boff, L. Cry of the poor, cry of the earth. New York: Orbis Books. Bokenkotter, T. 1992. Dynamic Catholicism: A historical catechism. New York: ImageBooks, 1997. Byrne, B. Inheriting the Earth: The Pauline basis of a spirituality of our time. NewYork: Alba House, 1990. Cajes, P.A. Anitism and Perichoresis: Towards a Filipino Christian Eco-theology ofNature. Quezon City: Our Lady of Angel Seminary, 2002. Cane, B. Circles of hope: Breathing life and spirit into a wounded world.Makati: St.Paul Philippines, 1997. Christiansen, D. & Grazer, W. (Eds). “And God saw that it was good:” Catholic theologyand the environment. Washington: United States Catholic Conference, 1996. Church, A.T. Filipino personality: A review of research and writings. Manila: De LaSalle University Press Monograph Series Number 6, 1986. Church, A.T. & Katigbak, M.S. Filipino personality: Indigenous and cross-culturalstudies. Manila: De La Salle University Press, Inc, 2000. Conn, W. Christian conversion: A developmental interpretation of autonomy andsurrender. New York: Paulist Press, 1986. Dorr, D. Integrated spirituality: Resources for community, peace, justice and theearth. New York: Orbis Books, 1990. ________. The social justice agenda: Justice, ecology, power and the Church.NewYork: Orbis Books, 1991. Enriquez, V.G. From Colonial to Liberation Psychology: The Philippine Experience.Manila: De La Salle University Press, 1994a. _______________. Pagbabangong dangal: Indigenous psychology and cultural empowerment.Philippines: Pugad Lawin Press, 1994b. Gamalinda, E. (Ed.). Saving the earth: The Philippine experience. Manila: PhilippineCenter for Investigative Journalism, 1990. Grace, R.J. The transcendental method of Bernard Lonergan. Retrieved on July 1,2002, from http://pages.sbcglobal.net/rjgrace/lonergan.htm, 2001. Gorospe, V.R. Filipino values revisited. Manila: National Book Store, 1988. Haughey, J.C. The faith that does justice: Examining the christian sources for socialchange. New York: Paulist Press, 1977. Hill, B.R. Christian faith and the environment: Making vital connections. New York:Orbis Books, 1998. Holland, J. & Henriot, P. Social Analysis: Linking faith and justice. Revised andEnlarged Edition. New York: Orbis Books, 1983. Hui, S. Deforestation: Humankind and the global ecological crisis. Retrieved onJune 22, 2002, from http://www.aquapulse.net/knowledge/deforestation.html, 1997. International Commission on J.P.I.C. Manual for promoters of justice, peace andintegrity of creation. Quezon City: Claretian Pulications, 1998. Institute on Church and social Issues. The Philippine National Situationer. QuezonCity: Institute on Church and Social Issues, 1999. Johnson, E. A. Women, earth, and creator spirit. New Jersey: Paulist Press, 1993. _______________. “Losing and finding creation in Christian Tradition,” in Hessel, andR.R. Ruether. (2000). (Eds). Christianity and ecology: Seeking the well-beingof earth and humans. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2000. Lonergan, B.J.F. Introducing the thought of Bernard Lonergan. London: Darton,Longman & Tood, (1973). Lonergan, B.J.F. Method in theology. Canada: Toronto University Press, 1994. McDonagh, S. To care for the earth: A call to a new theology. London: GoeffreyChapman, 1986. McDonagh, S. The greening of the church. New York: Orbis Books, 1990. _______________. Passion for the earth: The christian vocation to promote justice,peace, and the integrity of creation. London: Geoffrey Chapman, 1994. McFague, S. The body of God: An ecological theology. London: SCM Press, Ltd, 1993. Natividad, E.L. Chaos Theory and Theology: Scientific perspectives on Divine action.Unpublished doctoral dissertation, De La Salle University, Manila, 2000. Northcott, M.S. The environment and Christian ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress, 1999. Robbins, O., & Solomon, S. Choices for our future: A generation rising for the life onearth. Tennessee: Book Publishing Company, 1994. Romero, S.E. Changing Filipino values and the re-democratization of governance.In Han Sung-Joo. (1999). (Ed.). Changing values in Asia: Their impact ongovernance and development. Tokyo: Japan Center for International Exchange, 1999. Ruether, R.R. (Ed.). Women healing earth: Third world women on ecology,feminism,and religion. New York: Orbis Books, 1996. ______________. Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a feminist theology. New York: PaulistPress, 1983. Ruether, R.R. The biblical vision of ecological crisis. Retrieved on July 5,2002 from http://www.religion-online.org/cgi-bin/relsearchd. dll/showarticle?item_id=1807, 1978. Ryan, T. Ecology. In Dwyer, J.A. (1994). (Ed). The new dictionary of Catholic socialthought. Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 1994. Smith, P. What are they saying about environmental ethics? NY/Mahwah, NJ: PaulistPress, 1997. Streeter, C.M. “Aquinas, Lonergan, and the split soul,” Theology Digest, 32, 4, 1985. Swimme, B. Where does your faith fit in the cosmos? Retrieved September 14,2001, in http://www.uscatholic.org/1997/06/cosmos.html, 1997. Time Magazine. Global warming: Feeling the heat. Time Magazine Special Report.9 April 2001. Wenz, D.S. Environmental ethics today. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. White, L. The historical roots of our ecological crisis. Retrieved on July 5, 2002 inhttp://www.zbi.ee/~kalevi/lwhite.htm, 2002. Utting, P. (Ed.). Forest policy and politics in the Philippines: The dynamics of participatoryconservation. Quezon City: United Nations Research for SocialDevelopment and Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000. Zimmerman, M.E. (Ed.). Environmental philosophy: From animal rights to radicalecology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993.

Sustainable development has become one of the key principles for succeeding human development goals while at the same time strengthening the power of natural systems in order to provide ecosystem services which the economy and society depends upon. The society’s end result is where the use of resources and the living conditions prolong to meet the human needs without hindering the balance of the natural systems. If ever focusing on Environmental sustainability, it will have a concern with the natural environment and how it remains diverse and productive. For natural resources are derived from the environment, the state of water, air, soil are of particular concern. GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) has an important role to form a framework of sustainable development in businesses, government and other organizations. The goal of the sustainable development process is to achieve the status of ‘sustainability’ in all communities. It is important to make compatible with developed and flexible using the standards laid down by GRI therefore in the long term,strategies’ of sustainable development should assist the continuance of the system of biodiversity of city and suburbs through the active protection and sustainable utilization of natural sources. Therefore in order to achieve sustainability, it is necessary to make structural reforms as regarded in the standards set by GRI and to create some deep and fundamental changes in all levels of communities. Sustainable Business Models (SBM) integrates a triple bottom line approach and includes stakeholder interests, including the environment and society. They are important in implementing business innovation for sustainability and can help fix sustainability into corporate purpose, and serve as a key driver of competitive advantage. This study focuses on the analysis of the sustainable development of Vedanta Company

AbstractIn mid-2018, several neighbourhoods in Maceió, Brazil, were affected by soil subsidence in the region. Since then, unprecedented developments and consequences have been observed in the affected areas. Against this backdrop, the study aims to analyses the socio-environmental impacts suffered by the five neighbourhoods affected by subsidence from rock salt extraction in the municipality of Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. We collected secondary data from documents (Geological Survey studies, information made available by the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office, Compensation Plan, Terms of Agreement, Socio-urban Action Plan, Environmental Impact Study, Study of the Economic Impact of the Disaster) to assess the socio-environmental impacts caused by the socio-environmental disaster. These data were analysed using Checklist, Interaction Matrix, and Delphi. The results highlight the complexity of the effects since they were observed from a multidisciplinary approach. In addition, it is clear that these impacts were relevant and important from the specialists' point of view and, when analysed quantitatively and qualitatively,such as impacts on identity and cultural aspects, change in standard of living, and overload in the provision of public facilities, which had a high degree of impact when evaluated in this study. The study also concluded that it is pertinent to take measures to mitigate the impacts indicated as possible through integration between public authorities and the mining company. Upon its completion, a technical product in the form of a document containing the identified mitigation measures was submitted to the competent authorities. These results can be relevant for practitioners and policymakers involved in decisions related to mining operations.

In recent years, owing to advances in technology, excavation pits have shown increased improvements. Taking advantage of advanced solutions combined with traditional ones has brought about considerable advantages for construction contractors and saves on expenses to carry out construction projects. Owing to their ability to analyze geotechnical problems, several calculation and simulation software, such as Plaxis, Bentley, along with many others, have grown in popularity. Among them, Midas is one such software, which is a set of solutions developed by the MIDAS IT company and is widely applied in many constructions. The authors evaluated the ability to use Midas software to calculate the stability of a wall in a deep excavation pit for the Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Improvement Project. The results of these researches reveal that combining soil-cement piles and sheet steel piles decreases the internal forces in sheet steel pile walls. At the same time, this solution not only reduces horizontal displacement but also keeps the settlement of the soil around the excavation pit within the permissible range, which helps to ensure that the adjacent pavements are stable and will not crack. The results of this study can be applied to similar geological constructions.