Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Solvants eutectiques profonds naturels"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Solvants eutectiques profonds naturels"
MOUFAWAD, Tarek, Margarida COSTA GOMES e Sophie FOURMENTIN. "Solvants eutectiques profonds - Vers des procédés plus durables". Chimie verte, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-chv4002.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Solvants eutectiques profonds naturels"
Bertoloni, Calogera. "Étude prospective pour la récupération par voie électrochimique en milieu solvant eutectique profond de l’or et de l’argent issus du traitement des cartes électroniques de téléphones portables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0281.
Texto completo da fonteThe mining of gold and silver is no longer sufficient to meet the growing demands of modern society, due to the depletion of resources and increasing requirements in sectors such as electronics and renewable energies. This calls for the search for sustainable solutions. Recycling cell phone circuit boards is an interesting option for recovering these precious metals. This thesis is part of the ANR-funded EE4Precious project, which aims to develop an innovative method combining electroleaching and electrodeposition reactions to extract gold and silver in an environmental-friendly way, using deep eutectic solvents (DES). The aim is to obtain pure metal phases at the cathode (selectivity), and to carry out both reactions with maximum faradic yield to enable DES recycling. Ethaline 1:2, a mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG), was chosen as the reference DES. Subsequently, the substitution of EG by propylene glycol (PG) leading to a new DES named propeline, was explored. Several stages were envisaged to bring this project to fruition. Initially, since the performance of an electrochemical process depends on the electrolyte used, experiments focused on the physicochemical properties of ethaline and propeline: viscosity, conductivity, density and electroactivity range. The influence of water content on these properties was studied. By increasing the temperature and decreasing the ChCl:glycol ratio to 1:3, propeline exhibits comparable physico-chemical properties to 1:2 ethaline. Then the work switched to an in-depth study of the electrochemical reactions of anodic dissolution and cathodic deposition of silver and gold. The performance of the two DES for the electrochemical leaching of gold and silver was evaluated using pure metal phases. The efficiency of this step was determined after thorough development of analytical procedures dedicated to elemental analysis in DES media (ICP-OES). Thanks to the high complexing activity of these solvents, the electro-leaching step is efficient, with yields close to 100%, showing that PG is a good alternative to EG for the electrochemical process. Speciation of leached gold was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry and EXAFS/XANES. Finally, the kinetic parameters of charge transfer and material transport at the electrode were determined. To obtain highly accurate and reliable values, several electrochemical methods and laws were used. The diffusion coefficients of gold and silver were determined by applying Cottrell and Levich's laws to data obtained by chronoamperometry in natural and convective diffusion regimes. The charge transfer coefficient α, the rate constant k0 and the diffusion coefficient were estimated from cyclic voltammograms (CV) using a model programmed in Matlab. The electroplating step was studied in a final section. Coupling tests between electroleaching and electrodeposition using a synthetic silver solution showed very encouraging potential, with faradic yields of around 100% for both stages, in a controlled atmosphere. Finally, following an initial CV study of bimetallic Au-Ag solutions, initial tests of selective gold deposition in potentiostatic mode have proved promising
Longeras, Olympe. "Design et compréhension de nouveaux solvants eutectiques profonds". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC048.
Texto completo da fonteDeep Eutectics Solvents (DES) is a new class of solvent which has emerged during the last decades. DES have been increasingly studied because of their low cost and low toxicity. Because of these properties, DES could potentially replace toxic solvents used in large area of chemistry. To reach this goal, a broader knowledge of these new systems has to be acquired. Therefore, in the first work of this thesis, solid-liquid phase diagrams of three partially renewable DES have been established. The comparison of these diagrams to an ideal mixing model is showing a negative deviation that allows to considered them as “deep” eutectics solvents. Following this work on the binary mixture, water was added to these DES. A first aqueous - DES mixture with a lower critical solution temperature (LSCT) has been highlighted and the origin of this remarkable property has been elucidated. To complete the initial work aiming to get a deeper understanding of these new DES, these solvents have also been tested for two applications: carbon dioxide capture and liquid-liquid extractions of dyes
Rayee, Quentin. "Dépôts électrochimiques d’argent, de palladium et d’alliages argent-palladium en solvants eutectiques profonds". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/303218.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Durand, Erwann. "Solvants de type eutectiques profonds : nouveaux milieux réactionnels aux réactions de lipophilisation biocatalysées par les lipases ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20138/document.
Texto completo da fonteWith the emergence of the green chemistry concept in the 90s, many studies have been dedicated to the discovery of new reactions media both suitable and efficient for chemical/enzyme catalysis. Up to now, the main efforts have focused on the development of ionic liquids. However, recently a novel class of solvent called "deep eutectic mixtures (DES)", have been described as a serious alternative and economically stronger than ionic liquids. Such solvents are formed by mixing an organic salt (ammonium or phosphonium) with a hydrogen-bond donor. Just like ionic liquid, DES may also be liquid at room temperature, non-volatile and have excellent thermal stability. However, unlike most ionic liquids, these new solvents are biodegradable, inexpensive, and very easy to prepare. In the field of biocatalysis, whereas the studies in ionic liquid are deeply documented, the published papers describing biotransformation reactions in DES are very low, especially in lipase-catalyzed processing, where these enzymes may be used in so-called "lipophilisation reactions", for the synthesis of new molecules with high added value (surfactants or lipophilized antioxidants).The main objective of this work was to assess and test the potential of DES as new "green" reaction media for lipase-catalyzed synthesis. On a fundamental point of view, this study provides valuable information to understand how the different components involved in these mixtures could contribute to their functional properties in order to enhance their use in various applications. Changes in reaction conditions (solvents and biocatalysts) allowed us to highlight the clear superiority of two DES (chloride cholinium:Urea and chloride cholinium:glycerol) to carry out lipase-catalyzed reactions using the lipase B from Candida antarctica as biocatalyst. However, our results showed that the biotransformations of dissolved substrates (such as phenolic compounds) in DES are extremely difficult to achieve without the addition of water. Studying DES-water mixtures (pH, thermodynamic activity of water, activity and stability of lipase, mixtures composition, etc ...) we were able to fine-tune the reaction conditions to optimize the performance of the lipasic catalysis. Thus, given the difficulties encountered when performing lipase-catalyzed reactions with substrates of two different polarities, it was still possible to synthesize high yields of a full range of lipophilic derivatives of ferulic and coumaric acids from C4 to C16 (aliphatic chain)
Augis, Luc. "Développement de systèmes à base de solvants eutectiques profonds pour la délivrance cutanée d'anti-infectieux hydrophobes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ011.
Texto completo da fonteInfections caused by pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses pose a significant health challenge, particularly when existing treatments lead to substantial side effects or prove too costly for developing countries. Given these challenges, the imperative to explore innovative pharmacotechnical methods is clear, especially for treating fungal and parasitic skin infections that are prone to causing undesirable systemic side effects with traditional administration routes. Against this backdrop, deep eutectic solvents (DES) have emerged as a promising topical alternative. This thesis investigates a range of DES- based systems, from predominantly hydrophobic mixtures to hydrophilic blends that incorporate amphiphilic molecules like surfactants, phospholipids, or amphiphilic cyclodextrins. The aim is to elucidate the self-organization of these lipids and their interactions within the DES environment. Our assessment of these systems concentrated on numerous aspects, including their physicochemical properties, ability to solubilize active molecules, and impact on the skin. Our research identified a particularly promising system, comprising a phosphonium salt and monoolein, which effectively solubilizes Amphotericin B in its most active and body-tolerated form. This formulation has shown no significant adverse effects on the epidermis, representing a significant stride towards developing effective and safe therapeutic solutions for combating skin infections
Rodriguez, Julymar. "Étude des mécanismes d’électropolissage dédiée aux alliages d’or 18 carats en milieux aqueux et solvants eutectiques profonds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD074.
Texto completo da fonteElectrochemical polishing, commonly referred to as electropolishing (EP), is an electrolytic process used to enhance the aesthetic and functional properties of metallic surfaces. This process involves the controlled anodic dissolution of a thin surface layer, with a focus on removing micro-asperities, resulting in simultaneous surface leveling and brightening. Within just a few minutes, electropolishing achieves sub-micrometric roughness and a bright, smooth finish. Unlike traditional mechanical finishing methods such as machining, lapping, or polishing, EP is a non-contact process that preserves the metallurgical integrity of the surface. Additionally, it can be easily applied to parts with intricate geometries or delicate lattice structures, making it highly adaptable for complex applications.Known for almost a century, its application to the treatment of precious metals is however rather marginal, with very limited research dedicated to the electropolishing of gold and its alloys. This gap in literature stems from the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the lack of predictive models. As a result, optimizing the electrolyte composition and electrical parameters (such as voltage or current) for each specific alloy requires extensive experimental work. Furthermore, the electrolytes commonly used in electropolishing often contain toxic or hazardous chemicals—such as fluoride, perchlorate, cyanide, cyanate, and thiourea—posing significant safety and environmental concerns. These factors, combined with the perceived complexity of the technique, have hindered its widespread industrial adoption, particularly in sectors like watchmaking, jewelry, and luxury goods, where gold and its alloys are prevalent.The objective of the research project will therefore be to study and propose a sustainable electropolishing process for gold and its alloys (yellow, pink, gray, etc.). Particular attention will be paid to understanding the underlying mechanisms of electropolishing in relation to the metallurgical, topographic, and geometric characteristics of the substrates. This will involve studying the power spectral density (PSD) of the surface roughness patterns to gain deeper insights. One of the major scientific obstacles will be the development of environmentally friendly polishing electrolytes. The goal is to eliminate hazardous compounds commonly found in traditional electrolytes, such as fluoride, cyanide, and thiourea, and replace them with more sustainable complexing agents. In tandem, the project will explore the use of pulsed polarization waves with variable frequency and amplitude to optimize the polishing process. This analysis of the system response will be a major issue in the future potential exploitation of the developed processes
Beliaeva, Kristina. "Captage et conversion électrochimique du CO2 dans des liquides ioniques et des solvants eutectiques profonds avec des catalyseurs à base de Pd". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALI094.
Texto completo da fonteCarbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) is a way to decarbonize industrial sector. This technology provides a valorization of cheap carbon feedstock by its transformation to carbonaceous value-added chemicals. Multiple CO2 capture and utilization techniques exist to prevent the release of the greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. Here, we propose an integrated process of CO2 capture sequenced by electroconversion to C-based products in electrochemical cell. Electrochemical CO2 conversion is a promising method due to mild reaction conditions and possibility to power the reaction with electricity produced by renewable energy sources. This process necessitates the development of solvents capable to capture CO2 and to play a role of electrolyte during electrochemical reduction reaction. At the same time, efficient catalytic materials are vital for selective CO2 conversion to targeted product(s). The choice of capture solvent is usually based on CO2 capture ability, chemical and electrochemical stabilities, environmental issue and cost. Economically affordable deep eutectic solvent (DES) electrolytes seem to be promising candidates for CO2 capture and electroreduction because of good thermal and electrochemical stabilities, competitive CO2 uptake and large electrochemical windows. In this work, we focused on the development of novel deep eutectic solvent electrolytes for CO2 electroreduction with Pd-based electrocatalysts. Palladium proved its efficiency for selective conversion of carbon dioxide to C1 molecules such as carbon monoxide.During the thesis, we synthesized and electrochemically tested multiple DESs and Pd-based electrocatalysts with different morphologies and particle sizes to get more insights into reaction mechanism of CO2 electroreduction to C1 molecules. The implementation of different characterization techniques helped to study catalytic materials and DESs structures, to analyze gaseous and liquid reaction intermediates and products, and to understand main challenges of the studied system. Overall, this study is a one step forward the application of CO2ER (carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction) for valorisation of carbon dioxide and climate change mitigation
Villemejeanne, Benoît. "Étude des milieux liquides ioniques et solvants eutectiques profonds pour une valorisation des métaux critiques à partir des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0010.
Texto completo da fonteThe growing increase of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) on Earth, associated with their high metal contents are driving academic or industrial international researchers to develop their recycling and in particular the recovery of the metal fraction they contain. The treatment of these complex materials (polymetallic, composites, etc.) is based on several successive stages including pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes that do not follow Green Chemistry principles (waste generation, worker safety). Indeed, concentrated acidic solutions or toxic reagents such as cyanides are necessary to recover pure noble metals such as gold (Au) or palladium (Pd). This PhD work aims to break with the conventional chemistry practiced for over a century in the field of extractive metallurgy with the using of new kind of solvents: ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The combination of these solvents with electrochemical techniques allows implementing an ElectroLixiviation-ElectroChemical Deposition process (EL-ECD) with waste dissolution at the anode and the simultaneous recovery of the target metal at the cathode without any solvent degradation. A screening was carried out to understand the impact of the nature of ionic solvents on precious metal oxidation properties and mass transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity). Among many electrolytes, Ethaline (ChCl:EG 1:2) and imidazolium-based ionic liquid mixtures C4C1Im (NTf2)1-xClx, present interesting properties for the aimed application. A proof of concept and an optimization of this process for Au and Pd recovery in a monometallic medium in ChCl:EG mixtures was carried out. Faradic yield and recovery rate reached are suitable for an application in small WEEE treatment units
Di, Pietro Thomas. "Approche multi-échelle pour la modélisation de fluides de travail des procédés de revalorisation de la chaleur fatale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0184.
Texto completo da fonteIndustries produce a significant amount of waste heat usually rejected in the atmosphere. As of today, it is possible to produce high temperature heat (120-150°C) from medium temperature heat (60-80°C) by using a particular kind of absorption heat pumps: the absorption heat transformers (PACA type II or AHT). Unfortunately, traditional working fluids (water/lithium bromide or ammonia/water) display numerous drawbacks (corrosion, toxicity, risk of crystallization…) which hinder the development of these technologies.This study focuses on the working fluids water/deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a green and cheap solution of replacement. Using an innovative method based on a multiscale approach, this work aims at modelling the properties of many DESs without the need of a comprehensive and costly experimental investigation. At first, quantum chemical calculations were performed in order to get a better understanding of the molecular structure of different components of working fluids and the interactions between them. The importance of the hydrogen bond between the chloride ion and the hydroxyl groups has been highlighted in the most stable conformations of the DESs {choline chloride : phenol} and {choline chloride : glycolic acid}. From these observations, a modified version of the COSMO-SAC (COnductor-like Screening MOdel segment activity coefficient) model taking into account the possible hydrogen bonds between atoms of chlorine or bromine and hydroxyl groups was developed. This model improves the prediction of the vapour-liquid equilibria of mixtures with chlorine and bromine atoms, including DESs. Group contribution models have also been developed to predict three key properties of DESs: the density, the viscosity and the heat capacity.These models have been implemented in a simulation tool to evaluate the performances of 32 water/DES working fluids in AHT. Their performances are close to those of the traditional working fluids
El, Masri Sarah. "Low transition temperature mixtures based on cyclodextrins as solubilizing vehicles in pharmaceutical preparations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2024. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/122040_EL_MASRI_2024_archivage.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSolubility enhancement is a critical aspect in the formulation and development of novel drug molecules. To overcome challenges associated with poor solubility, formulation scientists have explored numerous strategies, among them the use of cyclodextrins and cosolvents. The latter approach is a simple and effective method, where organic solvents are used to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble compounds. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a cheap and green alternative to organic solvents, showing great promise for the solubilization of hydrophobic molecules. More recently, DESs based on cyclodextrins (CDs) have been introduced under the name "supramolecular deep eutectic solvents" (SUPRADESs). Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cage molecules renowned for their ability to enhance the solubility and stability of drug molecules entrapped inside their cavity.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for use in pharmaceutical preparations. To this end, a panel of selected DESs and SUPRADESs were first prepared and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the solvents are liquid over a broad temperature range and stable up to 100°C. Density and viscovity measurements showed that DESs' properties can be tuned depending on their composition. Infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies provided evidence of hydrogen bonds formation in the prepared solvents. Further, the solubility and stability of a series of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were evaluated. The solvents displayed significant solubility enhancement and good stability after a year of storage. In addition, the effect of water addition on the solubilizing potential was evaluated. These experiments highlighted the advantage of using SUPRADESs over DESs, since they were revealed to be more resistant to dilution effect. This was attributed to the formation of CD/API inclusion complex, as proved by NMR studies. Finally, drug release experiments showed that the use of DESs and SUPRADESs resulted in increased dissolution rates compared to the solid drug. Overall, these findings support the potential of DESs and SUPRADESs for being used as solubilizing vehicles in phamaceutical formulations