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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Soil management South Australia"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 4 de fevereiro de 2022

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1

Humphries, A. W., X. G. Zhang, K. S. McDonald, R. A. Latta, and G. C. Auricht. "Persistence of diverse lucerne (Medicago sativa sspp.) germplasm under farmer management across a range of soil types in southern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 59, no. 2 (2008): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar07037.

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The persistence of a diverse group of lucerne (Medicago sativa sspp.) germplasm was evaluated under farmer management across a range of acidic and neutral-alkaline soils at 8 sites in South and Western Australia. Dryland field trials were sown in parallel with commercial lucerne paddocks being grown in rotation with cereal crops, remaining unfenced and under management by the farmer for the life of the stand. The combined differences in soil type, grazing management, and low rainfall contributed to large differences in average lucerne persistence between sites in South Australia and Western Au

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2

Naidu, R., RH Merry, GJ Churchman, MJ Wright, RS Murray, RW Fitzpatrick, and BA Zarcinas. "Sodicity in South Australia - a review." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930911.

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The current knowledge of the nature and distribution of sodic soils in South Australia is reviewed. The agriculturally developed area of South Australia lies south of latitude 32-degrees-S. and is mainly used for low intensity grazing and dry land cereal/sheep production. A high proportion of the State, including much of the high rainfall area, has soils which are sodic (>6% ESP) through a significant proportion of the profile but information on the precise nature of sodicity in these soils is limited. Where exchangeable cation data axe available, the analytical techniques used often did no

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3

Webb, Ashley A., Georgina L. Kelly, and Warwick J. Dougherty. "Soil governance in the agricultural landscapes of New South Wales, Australia." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (March 29, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2015.4169.

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Soil is a valuable natural resource. In the state of New South Wales, Australia, the governance of soil has evolved since Federation in 1901. Following rapid agricultural development, and in the face of widespread soil degradation, the establishment of the Soil Conservation Service marked a turning point in the management of soil. Throughout the 20th century, advances in knowledge were translated into evolving governance frameworks that were largely reactionary but saw progressive reforms such as water pollution legislation and case studies of catchment-scale land and vegetation management. In

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4

Unkovich, Murray, Therese McBeath, Rick Llewellyn, James Hall, Vadakattu VSR Gupta, and Lynne M. Macdonald. "Challenges and opportunities for grain farming on sandy soils of semi-arid south and south-eastern Australia." Soil Research 58, no. 4 (2020): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19161.

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Sandy soils make up a substantial fraction of cropping land in low rainfall (&lt;450 mm p.a.) south and south-eastern Australia. In this paper we review the possible soil constraints to increased production on these soils in this region. Many of these soils have a very low (&lt;3%) clay content and suffer from severe water repellency, making crop establishment and weed control problematic. Crops which do emerge are faced with uneven soil wetting and poor access to nutrients, with crop nutrition constraints exacerbated by low fertility (soil organic matter &lt; 1%) and low cation ex

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5

Doran-Browne, Natalie A., John Ive, Phillip Graham, and Richard J. Eckard. "Carbon-neutral wool farming in south-eastern Australia." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15541.

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Ruminant livestock production generates higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) compared with other types of farming. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce or offset those emissions where possible. Although mitigation options exist that reduce ruminant GHGE through the use of feed management, flock structure or breeding management, these options only reduce the existing emissions by up to 30% whereas planting trees and subsequent carbon sequestration in trees and soil has the potential for livestock emissions to be offset in their entirety. Trees can introduce additional co-benefits th

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6

Bolan, NS, RE White, and MJ Hedley. "A review of the use of phosphate rocks as fertilizers for direct application in Australia and New Zealand." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 2 (1990): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900297.

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Field trials in New Zealand have shown that reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) can be as effective as soluble P fertilisers, per kg of P applied, on permanent pastures that have a soil pH<6.0 (in water) and a mean annual rainfall >800 mm. Whereas RPRs such as North Carolina, Sechura, Gafsa and Chatham Rise have been evaluated on permanent pastures in New Zealand, most Australian field trials have examined unreactive PRs such as Christmas Island A and C grade, Nauru and Duchess, using annual plant species. Only in recent experiments has an RPR, North Carolina, been examined. Except on the hi

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7

Scott, B. J., A. M. Ridley, and M. K. Conyers. "Management of soil acidity in long-term pastures of south-eastern Australia: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 8 (2000): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00014.

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Acidification of non arable soils under long-term pasture presents a major agricultural problem in the high rainfall areas (≥600 mm/year) of central and southern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria. Some of these soils were already strongly acid to depth before agriculture. Evidence suggests that persistence of pasture species tolerant of acidic soils is being affected adversely on a number of severely acidic soils. Acidification processes are well understood but the capacity for grazing enterprises to pay for amendment by lime application is a major constraint in long-term pasture area

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8

Adcock, D., A. M. McNeill, G. K. McDonald, and R. D. Armstrong. "Subsoil constraints to crop production on neutral and alkaline soils in south-eastern Australia: a review of current knowledge and management strategies." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 11 (2007): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06250.

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Crop yield variability and productivity below potential yield on neutral and alkaline soils in the semiarid Mediterranean-type environments of south-eastern Australia have been attributed, in part, to variable rooting depth and incomplete soil water extraction caused by physical and chemical characteristics of soil horizons below the surface. In this review these characteristics are referred to as subsoil constraints. This document reviews current information concerning subsoil constraints typical of neutral and alkaline soils in south-eastern Australia, principally salinity, sodicity, dense s

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9

Eyles, Alieta, Garth Coghlan, Marcus Hardie, Mark Hovenden, and Kerry Bridle. "Soil carbon sequestration in cool-temperate dryland pastures: mechanisms and management options." Soil Research 53, no. 4 (2015): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14062.

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Permanent pastures, which include sown, native and naturalised pastures, account for 4.3 Mha (56%) of the national land use in Australia. Given their extent, pastures are of great interest with respect to their potential to influence national carbon (C) budgets and CO2 mitigation. Increasing soil organic C (SOC) mitigates greenhouse gases while providing other benefits such as pasture productivity, soil health and ecosystem services. Several management approaches have been recommended to increase C sequestration in pasture-based systems; however, results have proved variable and often contradi

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10

Kelly, B., C. Allan, and B. P. Wilson. "Corrigendum to: Soil indicators and their use by farmers in the Billabong Catchment, southern New South Wales." Soil Research 47, no. 3 (2009): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08033_co.

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'Soil health' programs and projects in Australia's agricultural districts are designed to influence farmers' management behaviours, usually to produce better outcomes for production, conservation, and sustainability. These programs usually examine soil management practices from a soil science perspective, but how soils are understood by farmers, and how that understanding informs their farm management decisions, is poorly documented. The research presented in this paper sought to better understand how dryland farmers in the Billabong catchment of southern New South Wales use soil indicators to

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11

Tiller, KG, LH Smith, and RH Merry. "Accessions of atmospheric dust east of Adelaide, South Australia, and the implications for pedogenesis." Soil Research 25, no. 1 (1987): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870043.

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Atmospheric dust and rainfall were collected at 19 locations within a 90 x 10 km study area extending eastwards from the coast near Adelaide, South Australia. Monthly collections for up to 3 years established seasonal and regional trends in fallout of particulate matter. Fallout was highest in the area of highest rainfall, but correlation of monthly rainfall with fallout was generally not statistically significant. The amount of dust collected was higher under tree foliage than in adjacent open space. Annual accession of atmospheric dust within this urban-rural transect was in the range of 5-1

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12

Mitchell, M. L., M. R. McCaskill, and R. D. Armstrong. "Phosphorus fertiliser management for pastures based on native grasses in south-eastern Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 12 (2019): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19217.

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Approximately 3.1 Mha (22%) of the agricultural area of south-eastern Australia can be classified as native pasture. There is the assumption that, owing to the widespread occurrence of low-fertility soils in Australia, native grass species do not respond to increased phosphorus (P) fertility. Currently, there are no industry recommendations of target soil-test P values for native-grass-based pastures. This paper reviews the responses of perennial native pasture species endemic to south-eastern Australia to P application in controlled environments, surveys, replicated experiments and paired-pad

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13

Cock, GJ. "Soil structural conditions of vineyards under two soil management systems." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 2 (1985): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850450.

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The soil structural conditions of two management systems of vineyard soil on Barmera Sandy Loam in the Riverland of South Australia were compared. Three years of zero cultivation and weed mulching were compared with long term winter cropping and cultivation between vines. Significant increases in 1 mm dry aggregates, aggregate stability and percentage of large pores were measured under zero tillage. Significant reductions also occurred for bulk density and penetration resistance of the 6-12 cm layer of the zero-tilled soil. The results suggest that infiltration, aeration and root growth of vin

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14

McDonald, G. K., E. Tavakkoli, D. Cozzolino, K. Banas, M. Derrien, and P. Rengasamy. "A survey of total and dissolved organic carbon in alkaline soils of southern Australia." Soil Research 55, no. 7 (2017): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16237.

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Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is important to microbial activity and nutrient cycling, and its concentration is sensitive to pH. Despite the importance of alkaline soils to agricultural production in southern Australia, few studies have documented the concentrations of soil organic carbon (C) and DOC or described the effects of soil properties and management practices on DOC in these soils. A survey of 33 paddocks from the Eyre Peninsula and mid-North regions of South Australia and north-western Victoria demonstrated significant variation in pH, soil organic C and DOC. Carbon stocks in the su

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15

Farquharson, R. J., G. D. Schwenke, and J. D. Mullen. "Should we manage soil organic carbon in Vertosols in the northern grains region of Australia?" Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 3 (2003): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00163.

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Two issues prompted this paper. The first was the measured soil organic carbon decline in fertile northern Australian soils under continual cropping using traditional management practices. We wanted to see whether it was theoretically possible to maintain or improve soil organic carbon concentrations with modern management recommendations. The second was the debate about use of sustainability indicators for on-farm management, so we looked at soil organic carbon as a potential indicator of soil health and investigated whether it was useful in making on-farm crop decisions. The analytical resul

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16

Palmer, Jeda, Peter J. Thorburn, Elizabeth A. Meier, Jody S. Biggs, Brett Whelan, Kanika Singh, and David N. Eyre. "Can management practices provide greenhouse gas abatement in grain farms in New South Wales, Australia?" Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 4 (2017): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17026.

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Greenhouse gas abatement in the agricultural cropping industry can be achieved by employing management practices that sequester soil carbon (C) or minimise nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from soils. However, C sequestration stimulates N2O emissions, making the net greenhouse-gas abatement potential of management practices difficult to predict. We studied land-management practices that have potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions by increasing soil C storage and/or decreasing soil N2O emissions for a diverse range of broadacre grain cropping sites in New South Wales. Carbon sequestration

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17

Harries, Martin, Ken C. Flower, and Craig A. Scanlan. "Sustainability of nutrient management in grain production systems of south-west Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 3 (2021): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20403.

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Balancing nutrient inputs and exports is essential to maintaining soil fertility in rainfed crop and pasture farming systems. Soil nutrient balances of land used for crop and pasture production in the south-west of Western Australia were assessed through survey data comprising biophysical measurements and farm management records (2010–15) across 184 fields spanning 14 Mha. Key findings were that nitrogen (N) inputs via fertiliser or biological N2 fixation in 60% of fields, and potassium (K) inputs in 90% of fields, were inadequate to balance exports despite increases in fertiliser usage and ad

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18

Cochrane, HR, G. Scholz, and AME Vanvreswyk. "Sodic soils in Western Australia." Soil Research 32, no. 3 (1994): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940359.

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Sodic soils are common throughout Western Australia, particularly in the south-west agricultural area where they occur mainly as duplex or gradational profiles. Soils with sodic properties are dominant in 26% of the state; saline-sodic sediments and soils in intermittent streams, lakes and estuarine plains occupy a further 5%. Sodic soils are moderately common throughout the south and western portion of the rangeland areas (38% of the state). The south-west coastal sands and the desert and rangeland soils to the north and east of the state are rarely sodic. Although sodicity has been recognize

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19

Wilson, Brian R., Ivor Growns, and John Lemon. "Scattered native trees and soil patterns in grazing land on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 45, no. 3 (2007): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr07019.

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Over large areas of south-eastern Australia, the original cover of native woodland has been extensively cleared or modified, and what remains is often characterised by scattered trees beneath which the ground-storey vegetation is largely grazed or otherwise managed. This study investigated the influence of scattered Blakely’s red gum (Eucalyptus blakelyi) trees on both near-surface and deeper soil layers in temperate grazed pastures on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. A significant canopy effect was observed with elevated soil pH, carbon, and nutrient status inside the tr

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20

Xu, R. K., D. R. Coventry, A. Farhoodi, and J. E. Schultz. "Soil acidification as influenced by crop rotations, stubble management, and application of nitrogenous fertiliser, Tarlee, South Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 3 (2002): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00104.

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Soil acidification, as influenced by N fertiliser, stubble management, and crop rotations, was investigated using soil samples from a long-term rotation trial at Tarlee, South Australia. With the effects of combination of treatment inputs (wheat–lupin, stubble retention and N-fertiliser application), the pHCa (0–10 cm depth) declined from the starting value of 6.12 to 4.50 after a 14-year period. All of the treatments caused the soil pH to decrease. The mean acidification rates for the period 1978–1992 varied from 0.5 to 2.22 kmol H+/ha.year for different treatments. Although the rainfall at T

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21

Trolio, R., A. Bath, C. Gordon, R. Walker, and A. Wyber. "Operational management of Naegleria spp. in drinking water supplies in Western Australia." Water Supply 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2008): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.063.

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Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeboflagellate inhabiting soil and water that can cause Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM), a rare and sometimes fatal disease. In Australia, the amoeba typically inhabits drinking water supplies that have consistent water temperatures above 20°C. The incidence of PAM is widespread in Australia, with reports from South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. One of the key issues for water utilities is the potential widespread distribution of N. fowleri and its ability to infect and re-infect drinking water supplies. In Western

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22

Rabbi, S. M. Fazle, Matthew Tighe, Annette Cowie, Brian R. Wilson, Graeme Schwenke, Malem Mcleod, Warwick Badgery, and Jeff Baldock. "The relationships between land uses, soil management practices, and soil carbon fractions in South Eastern Australia." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 197 (December 2014): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.06.020.

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Macdonald, Lynne M., Tim Herrmann, and Jeffrey A. Baldock. "Combining management based indices with environmental parameters to explain regional variation in soil carbon under dryland cropping in South Australia." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13156.

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Identifying drivers of variation in soil organic carbon (OC) at a regional scale is often hampered by a lack of historical management information. Focusing on red-brown-earth soils (Chromosol) under dryland agriculture in the Mid-North and Eyre Peninsula of South Australia, our aims were 2-fold: (i) to provide a baseline of soil OC stocks (0.3 m) and OC fractions (mid-infrared predictions of particulate, humus, and resistant OC in 0.1 m samples) in cropping and crop-pasture systems; and (ii) to evaluate whether the inclusion of management-based indices could assist in explaining regional-level

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24

Cox, J. W., C. A. Kirkby, D. J. Chittleborough, L. J. Smythe, and N. K. Fleming. "Mobility of phosphorus through intact soil cores collected from the Adelaide Hills, South Australia." Soil Research 38, no. 5 (2000): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr99125.

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Intact cores were collected from a variety of soils in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, and tested for phosphorus retention and mobility (P in drainage) under various rainfall intensities (5, 25, and 50 mm/h). Phosphorus mobility was high in soils with significant macropore structure. However, all soils exhibited some degree of preferential flow of P, including the heavy-textured soils with high P adsorption that were not P saturated. A phosphorus adsorption index based only on the chemical properties of the soil did not accurately predict the mobility of P through soils with macroporosity

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25

Johnston, W. H., Meredith L. Mitchell, T. B. Koen, W. E. Mulham, and D. B. Waterhouse. "LIGULE: An evaluation of indigenous perennial grasses for dryland salinity management in south-eastern Australia. 1. A base germplasm collection." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 3 (2001): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99140.

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This paper reports on the collection phase of a research program which aimed to identify Australian native grasses that may be useful for pastoral purposes and for controlling land degradation on hill-lands in the high (>500 mm) rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. Live plants of 37 target species were collected along a number of transects, and at specific locations, in New South Wales and Victoria. The collection sites were generally along public roads, and were chosen for their vegetation diversity. Each collection site was marked on a 1: 250000 topographic map, and detailed notes we

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26

Mackenzie, D. E., and A. G. Christy. "The role of soil chemistry in wine grape quality and sustainable soil management in vineyards." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0004.

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This study aimed to establish if there is any evidence that soil mineralogical and/or chemical composition influence the composition and quality of wine grapes. In the initial phase of the study, soils and grapes were sampled in two riesling vineyards in South Australia. Soils were analysed for a wide range of total major and trace elements; soil cation extracts and grape juices were analysed for 27 trace elements by ICP-MS and ICP-AES. The results show that grape juice properties such as Baumé and titratable acidity (TA) are clearly correlated with several plant-available trace elements in th

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Kelly, B., C. Allan, and B. P. Wilson. "Soil indicators and their use by farmers in the Billabong Catchment, southern New South Wales." Soil Research 47, no. 2 (2009): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08033.

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‘Soil health’ programs and projects in Australia’s agricultural districts are designed to influence farmers’ management behaviours, usually to produce better outcomes for production, conservation, and sustainability. These programs usually examine soil management practices from a soil science perspective, but how soils are understood by farmers, and how that understanding informs their farm management decisions, is poorly documented. The research presented in this paper sought to better understand how dryland farmers in the Billabong catchment of southern New South Wales use soil indicators to

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28

Wills, Timothy J., and Jennifer Read. "Effects of heat and smoke on germination of soil-stored seed in a south-eastern Australian sand heathland." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 2 (2002): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01017.

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Various fire-related agents, including heat, smoke, ash and charred wood, have been shown to break dormancy and promote germination of soil-stored seed in a broad range of species in mediterranean-type systems. However, relatively little work has been conducted in south-eastern Australian heathlands. This study examined the effects of heat and smoked water on germination of the soil seed bank in a mature sand heathland within the Gippsland Lakes Coastal Park, in south-eastern Australia. Heat was clearly the most successful treatment for promoting seed germination, followed by smoked water, the

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Gray, Jonathan M., Greg A. Chapman, and Brian W. Murphy. "Land management within capability: a new scheme to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14196.

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A new evaluation scheme, land management within capability (LMwC), used to guide sustainable land management in New South Wales (NSW), is presented. The scheme semi-quantitatively categorises the potential impacts of specific land-management actions and compares these with the inherent physical capability of the land in relation to a range of land-degradation hazards. This leads to the derivation of LMwC indices, which signify the sustainability of land-management practices at the scale of individual sites up to broader regions. The LMwC scheme can be used to identify lands at greatest risk fr

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Moxham, Claire, Josh Dorrough, Mick Bramwell, and Brad J. Farmilo. "Fire exclusion and soil texture interact to influence temperate grassland flora in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 5 (2016): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16056.

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Fire has a major influence on the structure and composition of temperate grasslands and woodlands. We investigated whether the impacts of fire exclusion on a temperate grassland plant community varied according to the scale of investigation and soil texture. Ten sites with known fire histories were selected along a soil texture gradient in south-eastern Australia. Floristics and ground layer attributes were investigated at small (0.25 m2) and large (100 m2) spatial scales in regularly burnt and unburnt grasslands. Fire exclusion over a 10 year period led to declines in native species diversity

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Walden, L. L., R. J. Harper, D. S. Mendham, D. J. Henry, and J. B. Fontaine. "Eucalyptus reforestation induces soil water repellency." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13339.

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There is an increasing interest in eucalypt reforestation for a range of purposes in Australia, including pulp-wood production, carbon mitigation and catchment water management. The impacts of this reforestation on soil water repellency have not been examined despite eucalypts often being associated with water repellency and water repellency having impacts on water movement across and within soils. To investigate the role of eucalypt reforestation on water repellency, and interactions with soil properties, we examined 31 sites across the south-west of Western Australia with paired plots differ

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Sadras, Victor O., and John F. Angus. "Benchmarking water-use efficiency of rainfed wheat in dry environments." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 57, no. 8 (2006): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar05359.

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Attainable water-use efficiency relates attainable yield, i.e. the best yield achieved through skilful use of available technology, and seasonal evapotranspiration (ET). For wheat crops in south-eastern Australia, there is a common, often large gap between actual and attainable water-use efficiency. To evaluate whether this gap is only an Australian problem or a general feature of dry environments, we compared water-use efficiency of rainfed wheat in south-eastern Australia, the North American Great Plains, China Loess Plateau, and the Mediterranean Basin. A dataset of published data was compi

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Condon, Jason, Helen Burns, and Guangdi Li. "The extent, significance and amelioration of subsurface acidity in southern New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 59, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20079.

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Soil pH is seldom uniform with depth, rather it is stratified in layers. The soil surface (0–0.02 m) commonly exhibits relatively high pH and overlies a layer of acidic soil of 0.05–0.15 m deep, termed an acidic subsurface layer. Commercial and research sampling methods that rely on depth increments of 0.1 m either fail to detect or under report the presence or magnitude of pH stratification. The occurrence of pH stratification and the presence of acidic subsurface layers may cause the extent of acidity in NSW agricultural land to be underestimated. Though the cause of pH stratification in agr

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Lattimore, MAE. "Pastures in temperate rice rotations of south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 7 (1994): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9940959.

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Legume-based pastures have long been an integral part of rice growing in the southern New South Wales irrigation areas and still offer potential to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of the temperate rice-cropping system.This paper reviews both historical and current aspects of pastures in temperate rice rotations in southern New South Wales and highlights the importance of pastures in sustaining this cropping system as environmental pressures increase. Topics discussed include pasture species and rotations, their role in improving soil fertility and sustainability, th

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Lamb, D. W. "The use of qualitative airborne multispectral imaging for managing agricultural crops - a case study in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99086.

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Charles Sturt University has operated an airborne multispectral imaging system as a research support and management tool over south-eastern Australian crops since 1994. Our experiences have demonstrated the utility, timeliness and cost-effectiveness of qualitative multispectral imagery for monitoring and managing spatial variability in a range of agricultural crops, yet to date the technology remains underutilised in Australia. Images showing variations in the texture of soils in paddocks are a useful indicator of the location of different soil zones for soil sampling, and can assist in siting

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White, D. A., M. Battaglia, C. Macfarlane, D. Mummery, J. F. McGrath, and C. L. Beadle. "Selecting species for recharge management in Mediterranean south western Australia – some ecophysiological considerations." Plant and Soil 257, no. 2 (December 2003): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1027338731384.

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Schoknecht, Noel. "Report card on sustainable natural-resource use in the agricultural regions of Western Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 6 (2015): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14267.

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A ‘Report Card’, which summarises the current knowledge of the status and trend in land condition in the agricultural areas of the south-west of Western Australia, was published in 2013 by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. The Report Card draws on best available evidence from government and industry on the current condition and trend of 10 soil- and water-related natural resource themes relevant to agriculture, and discusses the implications of these results for the agricultural industries. The report also discusses the three main factors driving the performance of the

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Badgery, Warwick B., Aaron T. Simmons, Brian M. Murphy, Andrew Rawson, Karl O. Andersson, Vanessa E. Lonergan, and Remy van de Ven. "Relationship between environmental and land-use variables on soil carbon levels at the regional scale in central New South Wales, Australia." Soil Research 51, no. 8 (2013): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12358.

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The potential to change agricultural land use to increase soil carbon stocks has been proposed as a mechanism to offset greenhouse gas emissions. To estimate the potential carbon storage in the soil from regional surveys it is important to understand the influence of environmental variables (climate, soil type, and landscape) before land management can be assessed. A survey was done of 354 sites to determine soil organic carbon stock (SOC stock; Mg C/ha) across the Lachlan and Macquarie catchments of New South Wales, Australia. The influences of climate, soil physical and chemical properties,

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Mathers, Nicole J., Zhihong Xu, Susan J. Berners-Price, M. C. Senake Perera, and Paul G. Saffigna. "Hydrofluoric acid pre-treatment for improving 13C CPMAS NMR spectral quality of forest soils in south-east Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 40, no. 4 (2002): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01073.

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Hydrofluoric acid (HF) was used to pre-treat forest soils of south-east Queensland for assessing the effectiveness of iron (Fe) removal, carbon (C) composition using 13C cross-polarisation (CP) with magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) before and after the HF pre-treatment, and the improvement of 13C CPMAS NMR spectra. Soil samples were collected from 4 experimental sites of different soil types, harvest residue management or prescribed burning, and tree species. More than 86% of Fe was in all soil types removed by the HF treatment. The 13C NMR spectral quality was impro

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Mendham, D. S., A. M. O'Connell, and T. S. Grove. "Organic matter characteristics under native forest, long-term pasture, and recent conversion to Eucalyptus plantations in Western Australia: microbial biomass, soil respiration, and permanganate oxidation." Soil Research 40, no. 5 (2002): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01092.

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The influence of land-use management on Walkley-Black soil carbon (C) concentration, 3 concentrations of permanganate oxidisable C (33, 167, and 333 mm), microbial biomass, and soil respiration in a laboratory incubation was tested in surface soil from 10 sites in south-western Australia. The sites ranged in total C concentration from 1.9 to 8.3%, and represented a broad climatic and soil-type distribution across south-western Australia. At each of the sites, 0-10 cm soil was collected from plots in pasture (20-71 years old), Eucalyptus globulus plantation (7-10 years old, established on ex-pa

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Orgill, S. E., C. M. Waters, G. Melville, I. Toole, Y. Alemseged, and W. Smith. "Sensitivity of soil organic carbon to grazing management in the semi-arid rangelands of south-eastern Australia." Rangeland Journal 39, no. 2 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj16020.

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This study compared the effects of grazing management on soil organic carbon (OC) stocks in the semi-arid rangelands of New South Wales, Australia. A field survey was conducted at three locations (Brewarrina, Cobar–North and Cobar–South), with paired sites of long-term (>8 years) rotational grazing management and continuously grazed pastures (either set stocked or no stocking). At each location, soil OC, carbon (C) fractions, soil nitrogen (N) and microsite and site factors (including ground cover and woody vegetation) were measured. The control of total grazing pressure (TGP) through rotat

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Fillery, IR, and KJ McInnes. "Components of the fertiliser nitrogen balance for wheat production on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920887.

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In this paper, we review literature on the fate of fertiliser nitrogen (N) applied to duplex soils in wheat-growing regions of southern Australia, and discuss the contribution of specific N transformations to N loss. Duplex soils are characterised by the presence of soil material, within the rooting depth of crops, that possess hydraulic conductivities that are lower than those of overlying material. Denitrification and the transport of nitrate below rooting depth of crops are thought to be the chief causes of loss of fertiliser N and to contribute to poor grain yields. Ammonia volatilisation

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Xiong, X., F. Stagnitti, G. Allinson, N. Turoczy, P. Li, M. LeBlanc, M. A. Cann, et al. "Effects of clay amendment on adsorption and desorption of copper in water repellent soils." Soil Research 43, no. 3 (2005): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04088.

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Copper is an important micronutrient and trace amounts are essential for crop growth. However, high concentrations of copper will produce toxic effects. Australia is increasingly developing production of crops in water repellent soils. Clay amendment, a common amelioration techniques used in Australia, has demonstrated agronomic benefits in increased crop or pasture production. The sorption and desorption of copper and the effect of clay treatment on copper behaviour in a water repellent soil collected from an experimental farm in South Australia is studied. We found that the water repellent s

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Evans, J. "An evaluation of potential Rhizobium inoculant strains used for pulse production in acidic soils of south-east Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 3 (2005): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03129.

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Profitability of the pulse industry relies considerably on crop nitrogen fixation because this process supplies greater than 60% of pulse crop nitrogen. Therefore the industry requires the most efficient Rhizobium symbioses and effective inoculation management. Re-appraisal of the recommended inoculant strain for field pea, SU303, in south-east Australia, was warranted by field evidence that SU303 failed to maximise grain yield at sites in Western Australia. Re-appraisal of the inoculant strain for faba bean and lentil, WSM1274, was warranted because of anecdotal evidence from Western Australi

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Angus, J. F., R. R. Gault, M. B. Peoples, M. Stapper, and A. F. van Herwaarden. "Soil water extraction by dryland crops, annual pastures, and lucerne in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00103.

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The extraction of soil water by dryland crops and pastures in south-eastern Australia was examined in 3 studies. The first was a review of 13 published measurements of soil water-use under wheat at several locations in southern New South Wales. Of these, 8 showed significantly more water extracted by crops managed with increased nitrogen supply or growing after a break crop. The mean additional soil water extraction in response to break crops was 31 mm and to additional N was 11 mm. The second study used the SIMTAG model to simulate growth and water-use by wheat in relation to crop management

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Stevens, D. P., M. J. McLaughlin, and M. K. Smart. "Effects of long-term irrigation with reclaimed water on soils of the Northern Adelaide Plains, South Australia." Soil Research 41, no. 5 (2003): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02049.

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On a small scale, reclaimed water (RCW) use has been practised on the Northern Adelaide Plains (NAP) horticultural districts for more than 28 years. The RCW has had approximately 1.7 times the salinity and twice the sodium absorption ratio (SAR) of bore water commonly used for irrigation in the district. Recently, a large-scale reclamation scheme has been commissioned which could eventually supply approximately 30 GL of RCW to over 250 growers on the NAP. This study compared historical water quality and time of use data with physico-chemical properties of soil cores taken from sites where recl

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Pereg, Lily L. "Black root rot of cotton in Australia: the host, the pathogen and disease management." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 12 (2013): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13231.

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Black root rot is a seedling disease caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola, a species with a worldwide distribution. Diseased plants show blackening of the roots and a reduced number of lateral roots, stunted or slow growth, and delayed flowering or maturity. It was first detected in cotton in Australia in 1989, and by 2004, T. basicola reached all cotton-growing regions in New South Wales and Queensland and the disease was declared as an Australian pandemic. This review covers aspects of the disease that have implications in black root rot spread, severity and manage

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Wilson, AD, NA Abraham, R. Barratt, J. Choate, DR Green, RJ Harland, RE Oxley, and RJ Stanley. "Evaluation of methods of assessing vegetation change in the semi-arid rangelands of southern Australia." Rangeland Journal 9, no. 1 (1987): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9870005.

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Methods for measuring long-term changes in vegetation and soil condition were evaluated in terms of recording error, efficiency and value in meeting management objectives. The evaluation was made on 4-5 sites for each of six vegetation types across the semi-arid rangelands of South Australia and New South Wales. In the semi-arid woodlands the lowest errors of measurement (C.V. = 12-14%) were associated with point measures of canopy cover, while in the chenopod shrublands the most precise measure in most situations was the density of shrub clumps (C.V. = 12-16%). Measures of herbaceous and litt

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Bell, M., N. Seymour, G. R. Stirling, A. M. Stirling, L. Van Zwieten, T. Vancov, G. Sutton, and P. Moody. "Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia." Soil Research 44, no. 4 (2006): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05137.

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The grain-producing regions of northern New South Wales and southern and central Queensland are characterised by cropping systems that are strongly dependent on stored soil moisture rather than in-crop rainfall, and tillage systems that are increasingly reliant on zero or minimum tillage. Crops are grown relatively infrequently and crop rotations are dominated by winter and summer grains (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench], respectively), with smaller areas of grain legumes and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The grey, black, and brown Vertosols represent the

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Thomas, M., R. W. Fitzpatrick, and G. S. Heinson. "An expert system to predict intricate saline - sodic subsoil patterns in upland South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 6 (2009): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08244.

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Digital soil mapping (DSM) offers apparent benefits over more labour-intensive and costly traditional soil survey. Large cartographic scale (e.g. 1 : 10 000 scale) soil maps are rare in Australia, especially in agricultural areas where they are needed to support detailed land evaluation and targeted land management decisions. We describe a DSM expert system using environmental correlation that applies a priori knowledge from a key area (128 ha) soil–landscape with a regionally repeating toposequence to predict the distribution of saline–sodic subsoil patterns in the surrounding upland farming

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