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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Software - Economic aspects"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 1 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Software - Economic aspects"

Antos, Dimitrios, Costas Courcoubetis e George D. Stamoulis. "Economic aspects of building software for service-oriented architectures". Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience 22, n.º 14 (10 de junho de 2009): 2012–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpe.1444.

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Castro-Santos, Laura, e Almudena Filgueira-Vizoso. "A Software for Calculating the Economic Aspects of Floating Offshore Renewable Energies". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 1 (27 de dezembro de 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010218.

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The aim of this work is to develop a software to calculate the economic parameters so as to determine the feasibility of a floating offshore renewable farm in a selected location. The software can calculate the economic parameters of several types of offshore renewable energies, as follows: one renewable energy (floating offshore wind—WindFloat, tension leg platform (TLP), and spar; floating wave energy—Pelamis and AquaBuoy), hybrid offshore wind and wave systems (Wave Dragon and W2Power), and combined offshore wind and waves with different systems (independent arrays, peripherally distributed arrays, uniformly distributed arrays, and non-uniformly distributed arrays). The user can select several inputs, such as the location, configuration of the farm, type of floating offshore platform, type of power of the farm, life-cycle of the farm, electric tariff, capital cost, corporate tax, steel cost, percentage of financing, or interest and capacity of the shipyard. The case study is focused on the Galicia region (NW of Spain). The results indicate the economic feasibility of a farm of floating offshore renewable energy in a particular location in terms of its costs, levelized cost of energy (LCOE), internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and discounted pay-back period. The tool allows for establishing conclusions about the dependence of the offshore wind resource parameters, the main distances (farm–shore, farm–shipyard, and farm–port), the parameters of the waves, and the bathymetry of the area selected.

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Et al., Abdullo Sagdullaevich Turdiev. "Important Aspects of Investment Projects in Economic Relations in Digital Economic Processes". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2021): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.2257.

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The article analyzes the concept of the digital economy, definitions of the digital economy, technological changes inherent in the digital economy, the impact of the digital economy on employment, the creation of a national system of digital economic security, the share of information and communication technologies in GDP, analysis of some indicators of the analysis of the number of special software tools used in this area.The article also analyzes the state and development of the digital economy in developed countries and, based on the results, discusses a number of issues and problems in the strategy of development of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan and its economic significance.Also, mechanisms for creating local platforms of digital technology in the country have been proposed.

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Ouwersloot, H., P. Nijkamp e P. Rietveld. "Economic aspects of information and communication: some considerations". Information and Software Technology 33, n.º 3 (abril de 1991): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-5849(91)90131-t.

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Zhichkin, Kirill, Vladimir Nosov, Lyudmila Zhichkina, Elena Kuznetsova, Yury Abramov e Larisa Poletaeva. "Economic aspects of biodiesel use in agricultural production". E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 09026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016409026.

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The article discusses the economic issues of biodiesel use in agricultural production. Study purpose: determination of the biodiesel production basic economic parameters for agricultural needs. Costs of biodiesel production, formation when using different crops, and costs of replacing traditional diesel fuel are calculated based on an example of a specific enterprise. To solve the problem posed in the study, used specialized software for calculating technological maps in crop production. As a result of the study, it was determined that the own production of biodiesel in the agricultural enterprise conditions is economically justified even at an oil prices low world level. Thanks to the implementation of the investment project to create biodiesel production, it is possible to reduce the cost of fuel and lubricants and thus increase production efficiency. Every year in the conditions of the economy from the use of biodiesel, an economic effect of 2358.7 thousand rubles can be reached.

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Huang, Rei-Fu, Chao-Hsun Chen e Cheng-Wen Wu. "Economic Aspects of Memory Built-in Self-Repair". IEEE Design & Test of Computers 24, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2007): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdt.2007.41.

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Schomann, Carsten, Wolfgang Stapel, Peter Nickel, Jens Eden e Friedhelm Nachreiner. "BASS 4: a software system for ergonomic design and evaluation of working hours". Revista de Saúde Pública 38, suppl (dezembro de 2004): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102004000700009.

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OBJECTIVE: To extend an existing computer programme for the evaluation and design of shift schedules (BASS 3) by integrating workload as well as economic aspects. METHODS: The redesigned prototype BASS 4 includes a new module with a suitable and easily applicable screening method (EBA) for the assessment of the intensity of physical, emotional and cognitive workload components and their temporal patterns. Specified criterion functions based on these ratings allow for an adjustment of shift and rest duration according to the intensity of physical and mental workload. Furthermore, with regard to interactive effects both workload and temporal conditions, e.g. time of day, are taken into account. In a second new module, important economic aspects and criteria have been implemented. Different ergonomic solutions for scheduling problems can now also be evaluated with regard to their economic costs. RESULTS: The new version of the computer programme (BASS 4) can now simultaneously take into account numerous ergonomic, legal, agreed and economic criteria for the design and evaluation of working hours. CONCLUSIONS: BASS 4 can now be used as an instrument for the design and the evaluation of working hours with regard to legal, ergonomic and economic aspects at the shop floor as well as in administrative (e.g. health and safety inspection) and research problems.

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Fu, Wu Yan, e Yong Zhou. "Based on ARCGIS-SDE Spatial Evolution Trend of Industrial Clusters Space". Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (fevereiro de 2015): 982–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.982.

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This article borrows ArcGIS10.0 software, which will be spatial analysis model standard deviation ellipse (Standard deviational ellipse, SDE) used to study the Guanzhong - Tianshui Economic Zone of each urban high-tech industrial clusters, each cluster to explore spatial evolution of the economic trends in the region, Empirical Study of ArcGIS software applications in a cluster aspects.

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Ngoc Thach, Nguyen, Ali Morovatdar, Reza S. Ashtiani e Olga Kosheleva. "Impact of super heavy load vehicles on transportation infrastructure: economic aspects". Soft Computing 25, n.º 12 (21 de abril de 2021): 8003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05821-2.

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Zygmunt, Marcin, e Marcin Piczulski. "Economic, environmental and social aspects of buildings’ refurbishment – a case study". Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, n.º 4 (10 de janeiro de 2019): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.4.52.

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The aim of the article is to presents the results of calculations regarding the: economic – based on the life cycle costing (LCC) approach, environmental – based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and social aspects of modeled refurbishment of residential and non-residential stock of buildings. Particular emphasis was placed on the impact of energy efficiency of the modeled buildings on environmental aspects and the selection of renewable and non-renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of an area of energy cluster in terms of environmental aspects and a detailed analysis of an offi ce building using advanced energy simulations. The calculations for energy cluster was made using Polish energy certifi cate methodology (monthly calculations) while analysis of an office building was performed using dynamic hourly simulations with use of Energy Plus software. Performed analysis results in reaching energy efficiency scenarios for both cases according to meeting sustain development idea.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Software - Economic aspects"

Missopoulos, Fotios Stavros. "An analysis of cost influential factors for the development of a software product and a hypothetical method for estimating cost using the Cocomo and Putnam models". Virtual Press, 1988. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/539731.

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The inability to accurately estimate costs which are associated with software development is an increasing concern of the scientists and practitioners involved. Many factors influence the cost and many models have been offered to estimate the expenses for developing a software system of any size and type. Unfortunately, the problem remains the same. There is a significant need for further research in order to develop complete understanding in this area.This thesis examines the cost influential factors and reviews a number of existing cost estimation models. Then, a hypothetical method is shown for estimating cost, incorporating the PERT sizing technique, the Basic and Intermediate COCOMO models, and a blend of features from the Putnam's Resource Allocation model and the SLIM model. The implementation of this method is also included.
Department of Computer Science

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Monroe, Hunter K. "Mix-and-match compatibility and asymmetric costs". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ad9e7169-f426-4f71-aada-429735a84dee.

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This thesis analyzes how the ability of consumers to buy components of a system from different firms affects prices, profit margins, RandD effort, and welfare. It also examines firms' incentives to make their products compatible, that is, to allow consumers to mix-and-match different brands of components into systems. Chapter 1 reviews the economic literature on product compatibility with motivating material drawn from the personal computer industry. Three strands of the literature study compatibility using definitions based on the ability of consumers to mix- and-match components, to capture externalities arising from networks, and to switch brands costlessly. The mix-and-match literature has found that compatibility raises prices compared with those under incompatibility in a variety of settings. In practice, however, compatible computers appear to be less expensive than incompatible computers, and computer buyers have promoted standardization. Chapter 2 develops models of mix-and-match compatibility which make predictions that are the opposite of the literature's. If many Bertrand competitors draw their component costs, qualities, or characteristics from independent random distributions, then expected prices and profit margins are lower under compatibility than under incompatibility, while expected consumer surplus is higher. In addition, the chapter examines the incentives of firms to form coalitions around competing standards. It is found that a subset of firms may become compatible with each other to attract customers away from other firms, creating excess incentives for firms to become compatible from the perspective of industry profits. However, compatibility raises welfare if it is costless and components are homogeneous, because incompatibility is a restriction on the technology for combining components into systems. Chapter 3 shows that shifting from incompatibility to compatibility has an ambiguous impact on RandD effort to reduce costs. In an industry with sufficiently many firms that faces elastic demand, compatibility lowers prices and raises output, and therefore leads to greater RandD incentives. If effort lowers costs without changing the shape of the cost distribution function, compatibility induces firms to choose RandD effort levels that are closer together than under incompatibility. Chapter 4 relaxes the assumption that consumers combine components in fixed proportions. With variable coefficients, compatibility does not necessarily raise the profits of duopolists. For instance, compatibility prevents a dominant firm from setting the price of either component above its competitor's cost. On the other hand, when two "mirror-image" firms each have the lowest cost in one component and demand is symmetric across components, the firms prefer compatibility, as they did in the fixed coefficients case. When sufficiently many firms draw their costs from discrete random distributions, this ambiguity disappears, and expected profits are higher under incom- patibility. Variable coefficients also allow analysis of quantity competition, by eliminating the problem of unmatched components when there are asymmetric quantity choices. In this case, firms with mirror-image costs prefer compatibility to incompatibility because they can specialize in their low-cost component. However, when each firm has the same cost across components, firms are indifferent between the two regimes.

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Vieira, Erivaldo Costa. "Principios economicos aplicados a tecnologia da informação : uma analise sobre a industria brasileira de Software de Gestão Integrada (ERP)". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286139.

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Orientador: Jose Maria Ferreira Jardim da Silveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:29:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_ErivaldoCosta_M.pdf: 624383 bytes, checksum: e056c8e7fd377525c15548f62773b5e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar capacidade que o instrumental teórico microeconômico tem para explicar a estratégia competitiva das empresas do setor de software de gestão integrada (ERP), mais especificamente pela análise da indústria brasileira de software de gestão, tendo como fundamento o trabalho de Shapiro e Varian (1999). Este trabalho está dividido em três fases principais, nas quais foram utilizadas três formas de pesquisa: revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo (estudo de caso ou multicaso, já que envolve mais de um sujeito, mais de uma situação). A partir destes elementos elaboram-se considerações sobre as potencialidades e limitações do instrumental teórico microeconômico de explicar o comportamento dos agentes no referido setor
Mestrado
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

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Hu, Ganglan Information Systems Technology &amp Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "Decision-making criteria for software requirements selection: an empirical study in China". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Information Systems, Technology and Management, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25980.

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This study aims to explore the decision-making criteria for requirements selection in market-driven software development projects in China. Requirements selection decisions are made by reconciling the conflicting stakeholders??? value propositions into a mutually-agreed set through the negotiation and communication process between stakeholders. Firstly, this study identified decision-making criteria according to different stakeholders??? value propositions, and then evaluated the importance of the criteria when making the decisions of requirements selection. Moreover, the study determined the degree to which the stakeholders from business, product, and project perspectives influence the decision-making process. Furthermore, the study explored the communication between major stakeholders in requirements selection process, as a foundation to support and guide the process. A Delphi survey was applied in this study. Opinions from experienced industrial experts were obtained to achieve reliable consensus among them on the criteria and relative importance of the criteria in requirements selection process. The Delphi survey in this study included four phases of data collection by a series of intensive questionnaires interspersed with controlled opinion feedback and follow-up interviews. 132 Experts from 11 companies were recruited by following the rigid procedure to ensure the validity and reliability of the research. The study indicated that criteria from the business perspective had a major influence on decision-making of requirements selection, while project- and product-perspective criteria were relatively lower in priority. However, there were some inconsistencies among the opinions of the recruited experts regarding the importance of the criteria. The inconsistencies may result from a number of different factors, for example; different software development projects; different size, culture, organizational structure or maturity level of the companies; or different working positions of the experts surveyed. In addition, the study found three different types of communication in requirements selection in the companies surveyed. Further, Chinese culture was believed to have effects on the communication process between stakeholders. While informal communication was highlighted in Chinese context, the Chinese culture of strictly hierarchical communication could lead to problems in the communication process. Further research is recommended to gain deeper insight into these issues.

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Kudyachete, Gratitude. "An assessment of factors that impact on the performance of Cisco Academies: the South African situation". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014720.

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a catalyst for economic development and has been seen to provide new business opportunities and a source of competitive advantage. The acute ICT skills gap in South Africa is widely acknowledged. Such a shortage has cost the South African economy dearly, resulting in the government adopting a multi-pronged approach to the problem. The various interventions have yielded limited success leaving room for other players to contribute to the solution. The Cisco Academy programme, executed through the establishment of Cisco Academies in educational institutions, is a professional education programme focused on the provision of computer networking skills and other basic information technology technical skills. Its comprehensive approach has seen it playing a complementary role to those of the government and other stakeholders. This study focused on the factors that affect Cisco Academy performance. The primary objective was to improve the academic performance of the Cisco Academies in South Africa. More specifically the study assessed the effect of instructor quality, use of technology tools, multi-culture needs, motivation, supporting infrastructure and accessibility on academy performance. The sample consisted of 166 respondents from five Cisco Academies in South Africa. Techniques such as multiple regression analysis, two sample t-tests and analysis of variance were employed on the empirical data. It was established that instructor quality and use of technology tools were the significant determinants of academy performance. It was also established that the Cisco Academy programme is making a significant contribution towards addressing the ICT skills shortage. A number of recommendations are made for the government, Cisco Academies and Cisco systems itself. Recommendations for future research are also provided.

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Andjelkovic, Maja. "Mimetic processes in entrepreneurship ecosystems : the cases of mobile technology entrepreneurship networks in Nairobi, Kathmandu and London". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:935a8a55-f63f-458f-b462-17cad23c040e.

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This qualitative study of networks of entrepreneurs in the mobile technology industry in three ecosystems - Kathmandu, Nairobi and London - examines perceptions and attitudes of entrepreneurs related to their networking activities. The focus is on understanding the entrepreneurs' motivations for, and benefits and risks of networking, as well as the overall trends of development of the three ecosystems, which are very different from each other in terms of socioeconomic circumstances. The findings provide new insights into the link between the concept of a community of supportive peers and the acquisition of subjective resources, such as self-efficacy and legitimacy, while also supporting conclusions of earlier empirical and theoretical work linking networks with the acquisition of resources necessary for founding and building a new firm. A comparison of results across the three ecosystems uncovers a strong tendency towards institutional convergence of the three ecosystems based on a model inspired by the Silicon Valley experience. The mechanisms through which this is found to occur are mimesis and storytelling, motivated primarily by learning goals and the pursuit of legitimacy for entrepreneurial action in the mobile technology industry, as well as for the individual ventures. The overall finding emerging from the cases is that, despite significant differences, the three ecosystems are reliant on a shared pool of relevant information and knowledge, via the Internet and through personal and organizational connections. They resemble one another not only in terms of resources sought by entrepreneurs through their networks, but also in the ways entrepreneurs signal their purpose and value to their community, and in the way the describe their environment - through references to other entrepreneurship ecosystems. In the absence of an existing theoretical approach to analyzing convergence of diverse entrepreneurship ecosystems, the study proposes a framework based on DiMaggio and Powell's theory of institutional isomorphism, and integrating the works of Wiewel and Hunter, on legitimacy-building by association through networks, and Djelic, on the process of cross-national transfer, or export, of economic models. The type of isomorphism perceived is termed "aspirational," since it is found to occur in the context of pursuing a specific outcome previously achieved by the application of a particular institutional model. The difference between "aspirational isomorphism" and behaviours described by DiMaggio and Powell lies in the interpretation and adaptation of a model that can then be embedded in a nascent institutional environment (in this case, an entrepreneurial ecosystem). Rather than pure mimesis, aspirational isomorphism is a flexible and creative endeavor.

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Jo, Arrah-Marie. "Economics of information security and the market for software vulnerabilities". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IPPAT003.

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L'environnement cybernétique est devenu un maillon essentiel au fonctionnement de notre société et de nos activités socio-économiques. Cette transformation va de pair avec un changement d’échelle et de portée des menaces de sécurité numérique, qui deviennent d’autant plus nombreuses et plus sophistiquées. Dans un environnement mondialisé où les systèmes sont connectés à de millions d’autres systèmes, les parties prenantes sont engagés dans de multiples interactions stratégiques. Qui doit-on responsabiliser et de quelle manière, afin d’inciter à une gestion efficace de la sécurité ? De quelle façon les différentes motivations économiques de chacun influencent-elles les décisions en matière de sécurité et par conséquent ont-elles des impacts sur la vulnérabilité d’un système ? Les nouvelles et rapides évolutions en cybersécurité apportent de nouveaux défis en matière de cybersécurité et force est de constater que le développement des solutions techniques ne suffit pas à comprendre et maitriser les risques. Dans cette thèse, nous mobilisons les outils de l'économie industrielle pour appréhender des éléments qui ont transformé l'environnement de la cybersécurité, tels que l'adoption de modèle de revenu basé sur la gratuité des logiciels, l'utilisation de mécanisme de crowdsourcing dans la découverte des failles de sécurité, ou l'implication croissante des acteurs externes à l’entreprise tels que les chercheurs individuels, les concurrents, les firmes de sécurité, ou les organismes publiques dans l'amélioration de la sécurité des logiciels. Nous nous attachons en particulier à comprendre les motivations des acteurs majeurs de la sécurité, allant de l'éditeurs de logiciels aux tierces parties telles que les white-hat hackers et les firmes de sécurité. Cette thèse est constituée de trois chapitres distincts, présentant chacun une contribution empirique. Le premier chapitre s'intéresse à la relation entre la réactivité des éditeurs de logiciel à corriger les failles de sécurité et l'intensité de la concurrence sur le marché. Nous étudions le cas d'un marché au coeur de la sécurité d'Internet, celui des navigateurs web, où l'utilisateur jouit d'une gratuité et les éditeurs dérivent leur revenu d'un autre marché connexe - celui des moteurs de recherche - et par conséquent sont en concurrence par la qualité du navigateur. A travers l'analyse économétrique de données de la correction des failles de sécurité sur les navigateurs web sur une dizaine d’années, nous montrons que la concurrence sur le marché n’incite pas nécessairement les éditeurs à renforcer la sécurité.Le deuxième chapitre se focalise sur le crowdsourcing des hackers pour découvrir des failles de sécurité, mécanisme représentatif du marché des vulnérabilités qui capitalise sur la contribution des tierce-parties. A travers l'analyse empirique de 156 programmes de chasse aux bug gérés sur la plateforme HackerOne, nous montrons comment la perception de l'incertitude à être rémunéré des hackers, défini par le niveau de détail des termes contractuels, affecte leur choix de participation et par conséquent l'efficacité du programme. Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, nous examinons comment la divulgation publique d'une vulnérabilité critique sur un système affecte le comportement des acteurs à fournir un effort pour améliorer sa sécurité. A travers l'analyse de panels de données sur 3 cas de divulgation de faille de sécurité particulièrement critique, nous montrons combien les acteurs autres que l'éditeur de logiciel - les chercheurs individuels, les firmes de sécurité, les organismes publiques, etc. - , contribuent de manière significative à améliorer la sécurité du logiciel et sont davantage impacté par des externalités telle que la divulgation publique de failles critiques
This thesis aims at contributing empirically to the research field of information security economics, by referring to traditional tools and knowledge in economics especially in Industrial Organization. It focuses on new and evolving elements in the cybersecurity environment such as the use of free software revenue models in digital markets (Chapter 1), the introduction of crowdsourcing mechanisms to improve software security (Chapter 2), or the increasing involvement of third parties in software security (Chapter 3). I am particularly interested in understanding the incentives of major actors that contribute to software security, such as software vendors, white-hat hackers, security firms, and other third parties. The thesis is organized in three chapters, each addressing a separate research question. In a first chapter, I examine the impact of competition intensity on software vendors' security investment behavior. I study the case of a software at the center of Internet security, namely the web browser, in which the vendors derive their revenue from advertising and compete in quality. I find out that market concentration is not necessarily harmful to security provision: indeed, higher market concentration positively impacts vendors' responsiveness in patching vulnerabilities, although this effect is reduced when a vendor is too dominant. In a second chapter, I focus on the crowdsourcing mechanism of white-hat hackers, which is representative of the market for software vulnerabilities that capitalizes on third parties' contribution. I study how hackers' perception of the uncertainty to be rewarded, determined by the level of information a contest provides about the contractual terms, affects their participation and thus the efficiency of the contest. I show that the self-selection process of participants leads to a trade-off between more numerous, but less performant participants, and higher quality but fewer participants. In a third chapter, I examine how the disclosure of a critical vulnerability affects the contribution of software vendors and third parties in discovering new vulnerabilities. I find that third parties' overall contribution in improving software security is considerable and that their contribution is significantly affected by externalities such as the disclosure of a critical vulnerability

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Yang, Ching-Ling. "Java/XML-based Trading Information Processing System for produce wholesale market". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2711.

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Gislen, Mikael. "Dysfunctional aspects of Software Development : An analysis of how lip-service, deception and organisational politics may side-track the result of well-intended methodologies". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5445.

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This paper tries to identify and understand the human social obstacles for developing quality software. These include lip-service, cutting corners, deception and effects of internal politics. These obstacles can undermine the good intentions behind the software methodologies. The paper draws from the literature in different disciplines and uses an ethnographic research methodology to create a rich picture of the concerning aspects in the framework of one software development company in India. What stands out among the findings are that internal audits has mainly focused on finding errors in documentation procedures but study of the actual practices has often been shallow. In addition the understanding of business risks by the internal auditors have often been weak. Context. The human based obstacles affecting Software Development Methodology analysed in the context of an ISO 9000 quality system in an Indian Software Development company working mainly with Swedish companies. Objectives. Identifying and increasing the understanding of intrinsic negative social aspects such as lip service, cheating and politics which are affecting the results of Software Development Methodologies and if possible suggest some means to mitigate them. In particular to create a deeper understanding of why people cheat and pay lip service to methodologies and to try to understand the political aspects of methodology and quality systems. There are other positive social aspects, but they are not considered since the objective is about understanding the negative aspects and possibly mitigate them. Methods. Ethnographic research using analysis of ISO 9000 and design artefacts, semi-structured interviews, participation in internal audits, Results. Most focus in audits was on documentation and very less focus on underlying methodologies, some indications of lip-service to process and processes were also mainly managed on a higher level in the organization while the understanding and practices were less well established on lower level. It was hard to get a grip on the internal political aspects since the perception of the subject in the informants view was that it is mainly malicious and therefore embarrassing to speak about. Some conflicts between internal quality goals and customers’ needs were also identified. Conclusions. An ethnographic research methodology gives a rich picture. The analysis gives deeper understanding of the problem areas, but not necessary solutions. The author suggests that at the heart of the problem is a difference in world view. Software professionals generally tend to resolve [technical] problems using a reductionist approach, while these intricate challenges cannot easily be resolved by this approach. A more holistic systemic approach is required and while the software methodology is useful to structure the development it does not resolve these dysfunctions. They have to be resolved on another level. It was also found that further studies is required in particular to better understand Internal politics, the effect of Positive and Negative Incentives, the effect of software metrics on quality performance and subjectivity in customers’ perception and expectation.
Uppsatsen försöker förstå mänskliga sociala hinder för att utveckla programvara med hög kvalitet. Dessa hinder inkluderar "läpparnas bekännelser", ta genvägar, vilseleda och internpolitik. Sådana hinder kan underminera utvecklingsmetoder. Denna uppsats bygger på literatur från olika discipliner och använder etnografisk forskningsmetodik för att skapa en rik bild av dessa oroande aspekter inom ramen för ett IT-företag i Indien. Vad står ut är att intern kvalitetsrevision fokuserar för mycket på att finna fel i dokumentationsprocesser medan revision av hur utvecklingsarbetet faktiskt sker har varit för ytligt. Dessutom har de interna revisorernas förståelse av affärsrisker varit svag.

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Håkanson, Josefin. "User Experience Design as a Building Block in a B2B Company’s Market Strategy : An empirical study of how the user experience of a software service can be used to create increased customer value". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-172288.

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The after-sales pricing industry has, as many other industries, transformed with the digital era which have enabled automatization and scalable solutions. For companies pricing over 35 000 after sales items, scalable, digital solutions is needed. “The Company” International AB offers their SaaS solution Price, which integrates with the company’s ERP system and helps gain as much profits as possible by assisting with value-based pricing. But lately, “The Company” has realized to be able to be market leading they need to ensure a better user experience (UX). This research’s aim was to understand how design affect customer value by understanding what UX factors are important to succeed in a B2B after-sales spare part market. The main research question were thereby: How do the UX design affect the customer value on an after sales digital service?. An important note to make is that this study will focus on the market, UX design trends and customers and their needs – not how the design should be done per se (e.g. “this button should be green, not blue”). From the literature review, the sub-elements of UX were found to be Functionality, UI Design, Usability and Affect. Moreover, Organization is found to be a vital part to enable as good the UX as possible. The review suggested all sub-elements and their units could play a part of creating enhanced customer value. The study is based upon qualitative interviews, followed up by a quantitative validation form studying the sub-elements and CSI. The interviews were held online with video calls and lasted for about 1–1,5 hr. The findings verify earlier studies and implications, that all UX sub-elements do affect customer value significantly. The factor with least correlation to CSI is functionality which could be explained by being a hygiene factor, not motivator factor. Another finding, in contrary to B2C research, suggests that positive emotions is not wished for in B2B software’s as the users are “forced” to use the software as it is a part of their job, but this implication need to be further researched. To be able to use UX as a market strategy “The Company” is advised to, within the product development team, not only prioritize new functionalities but also improving existing functionalities. It is also advised to share UX goals and vision throughout the different division working with Price. Some actions advice to take to enhance Price’s UX is making error messages actionable, enabling the user to save drafts in wizards and make it possible for the user to terminate any actions in the system.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Software - Economic aspects"

Baetjer, Howard. Software as capital: An economic perspective on software engineering. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society, 1998.

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Hall, Bronwyn H. The private value of software patents. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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1967-, Edler Jakob, e Friedewald Michael 1965-, eds. Software patents: Economic impacts and policy implications. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub., 2006.

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Clapes, Anthony Lawrence. Softwars: The legal battles for control of the global software industry. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books, 1993.

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Davis, Steven J. Economic perspectives on software design: PC operating systems and platforms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Lerner, Joshua. The simple economics of open source. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Elie, François. Economie du logiciel libre. Paris: Eyrolles, 2009.

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Lerner, Joshua. The economics of technology sharing: Open source and beyond. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Maurer, Stephen M. Open source software: The new intellectual property paradigm. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Olivier, Bonsignour, ed. The economics of software quality. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Addison-Wesley, 2012.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Software - Economic aspects"

Fernández, Héctor, Giuseppe Procaccianti e Patricia Lago. "Economic Aspects of Green ICT". In Green in Software Engineering, 107–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08581-4_5.

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Pratt, Vaughan R. "Software Geography: Physical and Economic Aspects". In SOFSEM 2001: Theory and Practice of Informatics, 336–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45627-9_30.

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Weber, Karsten. "Soziale Aspekte non-proprietärer Software". In Wirtschaftsethische Fragen der E-Economy, 202–13. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57345-3_12.

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Lakka, Spyridoula, Nikolas E. Lionis e Dimitris Varoutas. "Social Aspects of Open Source Software". In Electronic Business, 1709–22. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch105.

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Open source software/free software (OSS/FS), also abbreviated as FLOSS/FOSS (free/libre and open source software), has risen to great prominence. Existing literature from diverse disciplines or through interdisciplinary studies have tried to explain the growth and success of the phenomenon. This chapter describes and discusses OSS/FS under the scope of three major aspects: motivations that lead to OSS/FS, the organization of OSS/FS communities and the economic theory as a means of explaining the manifold phenomenon. Furthermore, the chapter analyzes the social implications that lie underneath the OSS/FS diffusion, together with the social processes that take place in OSS/FS communities in an effort to enhance our understanding of the diverse mechanisms that disseminate OSS/FS rapidly.

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Elpern, Jeff, e Sergiu Dascalu. "A Framework for Understanding the Open Source Revolution". In Designing Software-Intensive Systems, 439–54. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-699-0.ch014.

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Traditional software engineering methodologies have mostly evolved from the environment of proprietary, large-scale software systems. Here, software design principles operate within a hierarchical decision- making context. Development of banking, enterprise resource and complex weapons systems all fit this paradigm. However, another paradigm for developing software-intensive systems has emerged, the paradigm of open source software. Although from a traditional perspective open source projects might look like chaos, their real-world results have been spectacular. This chapter presents open source software development as a fundamentally new paradigm driven by economics and facilitated by new processes. The new paradigm’s revolutionary aspects are explored, a framework for describing the massive impact brought about by the new paradigm is proposed, and directions of future research are outlined. The proposed framework’s goals are to help the understanding of the open source paradigm as a new economic revolution and stimulate research in designing open source software.

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Sanders, Anselm Kamperman. "Competition and IP Policy for AI— Socio-economic Aspects of Innovation". In Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property, 403–18. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870944.003.0019.

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With the publication of its White Paper on Artificial Intelligence—A European Approach to Excellence and Trust, the European Commission has set the stage for regulatory measures to ensure that the diffusion of artificial intelligence (AI) will remain acceptable to market participants, data subjects, and citizens. While recognizing the immense promise that AI holds for economic development, it also points to serious concerns over privacy, accuracy, and equity of automated decision systems, and economic dominance and abuse by platform providers. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have, from the perspective of competition law and policy, always raised questions about the justification of their exercise in light of economic dominance. The use of AI in traditional business models involving sales and online services, but also new applications such as Internet of Things (IoT), digital twinning and AI of Things (AIoT), otherwise known as Edge Computing, is set to create new forms of dominance that is reinforced by intellectual property in relation to data, software, and trade secrecy. This chapter deals with the intellectual property system and how it may have to be adapted for its continued acceptance as instrument to engender trust in the sustainable development of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) platform technologies, and AI in particular. It is argued that competition policy that recognizes and safeguards consumer interests in AI-dominated markets is key to the smooth functioning of such a platform economy.

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Spalević, Žaklina, e Miloš Ilić. "MANAGEMENT OF TOURIST PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN COVID 19 – IT PERSPECTIVES, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS". In 5th International Thematic Monograph: Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 409–24. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans; Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality, Ohrid, North Macedonia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/tmt.2020.409.

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During 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic left its mark on almost every sphere of the economy. Travel bans, bans on entry and exit and the countries in which people live, mandatory quarantine after entering another country, fear of mutual contacts and locking of large European and world cities have affected tourism to feel the effects of the pandemic. In order to reduce the movement of the population infected with this virus, it was not uncommon for the personal data of those infected to be published. This paper aims to analyze the legal and economic aspects of the protection of personal data of tourists during the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper also proposes a software solution that would enable better control and registration of infected persons, all with the aim of preventing the spread of the virus by travel.

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Feja, Sven, Sören Witt e Andreas Speck. "Tool Based Integration of Requirements Modeling and Validation into Business Process Modeling". In Software Design and Development, 285–309. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4301-7.ch016.

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Business process models (BPM) are widely used for specification of software systems, as the basis for model driven software development. Hence, it is crucial to ensure that these BPMs fulfill the requirements they have to comply with. These requirements may originate from various domains. Many may be considered non-functional requirements. They are affecting privacy, security, as well as compliance or economic aspects. In order to avoid error-prone manual checking, automated checking techniques should be applied wherever possible. This requires expressing requirements in a formal manner. The common textual representations for such formal requirements are not well accepted in the modeling domain, since they are settled on a lower level of abstraction, compared to BPMs. In this chapter, the authors present the Business Application Modeler (BAM), which integrates formal requirement specification and automated checking with process modeling. On the one hand BAM supports different notations for process modeling. On the other hand a graphical notation, called G-CTL, for the formal specification of requirements is provided. G-CTL is based on temporal logic, and statements are expressed on the level of abstraction of the graphical process models. Furthermore BAM provides the ability to define selective views on process models. This allows complex domain specific annotations of processes as well as the assignment of responsibilities regarding functional domains. Moreover, BAM integrates into common requirements engineering processes.

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Cipolla-Ficarra, Francisco V. "Multimedia, Scientific Information, and Visualization for Information Systems and Metrics". In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 56–78. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3437-2.ch003.

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We present the main aspects of the importance of carrying out quality measurements in multimedia/interactive systems in the current era of expansion of communicability. Besides we disclose the first key elements to carry out techniques and/or methodologies to discover the quality attributes of an interactive system, such as the realization of quality metrics and the process of a heuristic evaluation. A set of examples online and off-line complete the current research work. In this set is stressed the economic importance of the process of evaluation in services and products related to the software, as well as some of the human factors to gain the hegemony of quality control.

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Tockey, Steve. "Aspects of Software Valuation". In Economics-Driven Software Architecture, 37–58. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-410464-8.00003-9.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Software - Economic aspects"

Weinman, Joe. "Fogonomics — The Strategic, Economic, and Financial Aspects of the Cloud". In 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2017.283.

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Klemen, M. "Economic aspects and needs in IT-security risk management for SMEs". In "Sixth International Workshop on Economics-Driven Software Engineering Research (EDSER-6)" W9L Workshop - 26th International Conference on Software Engineering. IEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20040285.

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da Silva Amorim, Simone, John D. McGregor, Eduardo Santana de Almeida e Christina von Flach G. Chavez. "The Architect's Role in Software Ecosystems Health". In WASHES '17: 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098322.3098324.

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Fontão, Awdren, Oswald M. Ekwoge, Rodrigo Santos e Arilo Claudio Dias-Neto. "Facing up the primary emotions in Mobile Software Ecosystems from Developer Experience". In WASHES '17: 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098322.3098325.

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de Sá Leitão Júnior, Nelson G., Ivaldir H. de Farias Junior, Sabrina Marczak, Rodrigo Santos, Felipe Furtado e Hermano P. de Moura. "Evaluation of a Preliminary Assessment Method for Identifying the Maturity of Communication in Distributed Software Development". In WASHES '17: 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098322.3098326.

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McGee, Ethan T., Matthew Krugh, John D. McGregor e Laine Mears. "Designing for Reuse in an Industrial Internet of Things Monitoring Application". In WASHES '17: 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098322.3098323.

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Qi, Li. "A review of economic value added (EVA) survey — From the aspects of theory and application". In 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsn.2011.6014620.

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Grace, Dale, Christopher A. Perullo e Jared Kee. "Economic Optimization of Inlet Air Filtration for Gas Turbines". In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-75435.

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Selecting the appropriate level of filtration for a gas turbine helps to minimize overall unit costs and maximize net revenue. When selecting a filter type and configuration, one must consider the initial costs, operational costs, and ongoing maintenance costs for both the filter and corresponding impacts on unit performance. Calculations are complex, and a fully functional framework is needed to properly account for all aspects of the life cycle and provide an opportunity to optimize filter selection and water wash scenarios for specific plant operating conditions. Decisions can generally be based on several different criteria. For instance, one may wish to minimize maintenance costs, maximize revenue, minimize fuel consumption, etc. For criteria that can be expressed in monetary terms, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) is a means to simultaneously consider all criteria and reduce them to a single parameter for optimization using present value arithmetic. To be practically applied, the analysis must include all the significant inputs that would have an impact on the relative comparison between alternatives, while excluding minor inputs that would unduly add to complexity. This paper provides an integrated, quantitative, and transparent approach to life cycle cost analysis for gas turbine inlet filtration. Most prior art tends to focus either on how to perform the life cycle cost analysis (with simplified assumptions on the impact of filtration on performance), or on a specific technical aspect of filtration such as filter efficiency and performance, the impact of dust on compressor blading and fouling, or the impact of fouling on overall gas turbine performance. Many of these studies provide useful insight into specific aspects of gas turbine degradation due to fouling, but make simplifying assumptions that can lead to inaccuracies in application. By heavily leveraging prior work, this paper provides the reader with an overview of all aspects of the functionality required to perform such a life cycle analysis for gas turbine filtration. This work also serves as a technical summary of the underlying physics models that lead to the development of EPRI’s Air Filter Life-Cycle Optimizer (AFLCO) software. The software tool provides a method to account for the influence of gas turbine type, operating conditions, load profile, filtration choices, and wash type and frequency on overall life-cycle costs. The AFLCO tool is focused on guiding the user to make optimum filter selections and water wash scheduling, accounting for all the significant parameters that affect the economic outcome. Revenue and cost quantities are considered simultaneously to determine the net present value of gross revenue minus filtration and water wash costs over a multiple year analysis period. The user defines the scenarios and the software displays the net present value (NPV) and present value difference between the scenarios. The preferred configuration from an LCCA perspective is that which yields the highest present value for net revenue. The user can iterate on multiple scenarios to seek further increases in NPV. The paper provides relevant example case studies to illustrate how LCCA evaluations of inlet air filters and water wash frequency can be applied to optimize gas turbine economic performance. The intent of the paper is to provide the user with a summary of prior work that can be integrated to provide a more holistic, complete life cycle cost analysis and describes the framework used within the AFLCO software. The underlying technical analysis in this paper can be applied to any life cycle cost analysis.

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Hobbs, William B. "Simulation of Major Aspects of Wind Energy Generation". In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60093.

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The objective of this project was to perform an analysis of all of the major aspects of implementing electrical power generation using wind energy in a specific location. The project consisted of three main sections: location selection, turbine modeling and selection, and an economic analysis of the potential project as a whole. A limiting factor for a location was the availability of adequate wind speed data for analysis of the area’s potential. With these criteria, several locations were considered, and the Dominican Republic was selected because of high wind energy potential as well as high demand for electricity. There were several regions of the country with class 4 winds [1], and the average cost of electricity was very high at $0.15/kWh [2]. For the modeling and design of a wind turbine, a program named PROPID was used, which is a tool that takes design and wind parameters and returns simulated data such as power curves. The software was first validated for known configurations, to show the accuracy of the program, and it was then used to iteratively design new turbine configurations. The design of a popular 1300 kW commercial turbine, the Nordex N60, was scaled down to produce 1000 kW, and then gradually redesigned to increase the ratio of the power output to the surface area of the turbine, which was termed the design-factor, which would help to increase profitability of the turbine. The design-factor was increased from 320.9 for the original design to 466.2 for the final design. The final portion of the project was an economic analysis of a proposed wind farm. A software tool called HOMER was used, as well as Microsoft Excel’s internal rate of return function to calculate the long-term return of the project. Initial and annual costs were estimated based on available data for existing projects, and a 10 MW, 20 year life-span project was simulated using the newly designed turbine. Total levelized cost of energy was found to be between $0.042 and $0.057/kWh, depending on actual costs, and the overall annual return on investment in the project was calculated to be between a very conservatively determined value of 9.1% and a more general value of 12.9%. These values are limited in accuracy, and a more detailed study would be required prior to further project consideration, however they do indicate that this area is highly likely to have profitable wind energy resources.

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Andre, Martin, Zsolt Lavicza e Theodosia Prodromou. "Integrating ‘education for sustainable development’ in statistics classes: visual analysis of social and economic data with gapminder". In New Skills in the Changing World of Statistics Education. International Association for Statistical Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.20103.

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Sustainable development goals (SDGs) address various aspects of future human development such as poverty, pollution, or climate change. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) seeks to encourage students to actively participate and consider these issues in sustainable development. Following design-based research approaches, our study aims to identify opportunities for integrating ESD into statistics education. We describe the main features of an ESD-integrated learning trajectory for middle school students exploring sets of ESD related data visually with the software Gapminder. The outcomes of our study suggest that (1) Students’ engagement in forming statistical models of various countries’ sustainable development developed their abilities to generate statistical questions (2) Their intuitive knowledge of statistical concepts was further formalized during their subsequent analyses.

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