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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Social welfare – history"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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1

Berkowitz, Edward D., Daniel Levine, Stanley Wenocur, Michael Reisch, Margaret Weir, Shola Orloff e Theda Skocpol. "The Social Welfare History State". Reviews in American History 18, n.º 1 (março de 1990): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702732.

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2

Reisch, Michael, e Karen M. Staller. "Teaching Social Welfare History and Social Welfare Policy From a Conflict Perspective". Journal of Teaching in Social Work 31, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2011): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2011.562134.

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3

Stern, Mark J. "Michael Katz's Contribution to Social and Social Welfare History". Social Science History 41, n.º 4 (2017): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.32.

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Michael Katz began work on social welfare during the late 1970s with a project entitled “The Casualties of Industrialization.” That project led to a series of essays, Poverty and Policy in American History (Katz 1983), and a few years later to In the Shadow of the Poorhouse (Katz 1986). His reading in twentieth-century literature for Shadow—and the ideological and policy nostrums of the Reagan administration—allowed Katz to pivot to two books that frame contemporary welfare debates in their historical context—The Undeserving Poor in 1989 and The Price of Citizenship in 2001, as well as a set of essays Improving Poor People (Katz 1995) that he published between the two.

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McClymer, John F., e Bruce S. Jansson. "The Reluctant Welfare State: A History of American Social Welfare Policies". Journal of American History 75, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1988): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901565.

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5

Johnson, Paul. "Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century". Contemporary European History 2, n.º 2 (julho de 1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000424.

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The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a percentage of national income in most west European countries since the late 1950s, so economic growth rates had plummeted. The European welfare states appeared to produce few positive welfare benefits, and this minimal achievement was produced at enormous cost which was to the detriment of overall economic growth and societal well-being.

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6

BERKOWITZ, EDWARD D. "Social Welfare History in the Age of Diversity". Journal of Policy History 33, n.º 4 (outubro de 2021): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030621000191.

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AbstractThis policy perspective discusses three important social welfare programs—Social Security Disability Insurance, Medicare, and Temporary Aid to Needy Families—and offers an explanation of how they have expanded over time.

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Graham, Courtney, Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk e Becca Franks. "Zebrafish welfare: Natural history, social motivation and behaviour". Applied Animal Behaviour Science 200 (março de 2018): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.11.005.

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8

S, Sadhasivam. "Social Welfare in India". December 2023 2, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2023): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.2.010.

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In spite of social issues like destitution, financial inequality, etc., developing countries like India strive to have unprecedented economic growth. India has two different social welfare sectors. One is formal or organized and another one is informal or unorganized sector. The organized sector is run directly by the government, state-owned businesses, and private companies. It offers their workers a fair amount of social protection through mandatory laws covering certain things. The unorganized sector is covered by a defective network of social welfare and benefits offered by the national government of a federation and the relevant state governments. This article describes the constitutional position of welfare in India along with an outline of its historical development. With regard to the unorganized sector of the economy, it offers a summary of some major promotions and safety-oriented welfare programs and policies, including those that deal with problems like unemployment, health, education, and poverty. Further, it discusses the history and evolution of central and respective state governments in social welfare, the goals and nature of social welfare, and social welfare schemes.

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9

Pimpare, Stephen. "Toward a New Welfare History". Journal of Policy History 19, n.º 2 (abril de 2007): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2007.0012.

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Histories of American welfare have been stories about the state. Like Walter Trattner's widely read From Poor Law to Welfare State, now in its sixth edition, they have offered a narrative about the slow but steady expansion and elaboration of state and federal protections granted to poor and working people, and have usually done so by charting increases in government expenditures, by documenting the institutionalization of welfare bureaucracies, and by tracing rises or declines in poverty, unemployment, and other aggregate measures of well-being. This has been the case even in more critical accounts that emphasize that American social welfare history is not a story just of progress, such as Michael Katz's In the Shadow of the Poorhouse. These narratives have emphasized programs, not people (whether it is the poorhouse, the asylum, and mother's pensions, or the more recent innovations of national unemployment insurance, Social Security, AFDC and TANF, and Medicare and Medicaid). In the investigations of the welfare state that dominate academic research, the content and timing of government policy itself has served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables have been a congeries of interests, institutions, and policy entrepreneurs. Our attention has been focused upon what government has done, why it was done, and what the effects were as measured in official data.

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10

Kuhnle, Stein. "Turning Point for the European Social Model?" Current History 109, n.º 725 (1 de março de 2010): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2010.109.725.99.

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11

Dannreuther, Charles. "Silencing the social: Debt and depletion in UK social policy". Capital & Class 43, n.º 4 (30 de outubro de 2019): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816819880793.

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This article draws on a social reproduction approach to examine how debt informed the development of UK welfare provision. A brief history of the Public Works Loan Board introduces its centrality not only in the delivering of welfare institutions but also in the typographies and social values that informed welfare policies. The depletion of social care services today may be evident in the extensive use of debt to deliver social policy across the United Kingdom. However, in the past access to publicly backed borrowing enabled local authorities to deliver social rights that had been legislated for by central government. We can therefore see that it was not debt but its democratic accountability that played a central role in the changing fortunes of the UK’s welfare state.

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12

Van Krieken, Robert. "Social theory and child welfare". Theory and Society 15, n.º 3 (maio de 1986): 401–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00172234.

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13

Clarke, John. "Public Nightmares and Communitarian Dreams: The Crisis of the Social in Social Welfare". Sociological Review 44, n.º 1_suppl (maio de 1997): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb03436.x.

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This chapter examines the break-up of the welfare state as a process that involved a crisis of representation. In particular, social democratic images of the public and their embodiment in the organizational regimes of welfare bureau-professionalism were dislocated by the New Right's attack on the welfare state. The chapter argues that the attempt to reinvent the public's relationship to social welfare through the couplet of managerialism and consumerism created an impoverished conception of the public realm. Communitarianism has been presented as a response to this impoverishment. However, both lessons from history and the contemporary inflections of community suggest that communitarianism needs to be seen as an attempt to resolve the ‘crisis of the social’ in social welfare in regressive directions.

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14

Kusmer, Kenneth L., Alan Dawley e Edward D. Berkowitz. "From Social Responsibility to Social Welfare in Modern America". Reviews in American History 21, n.º 3 (setembro de 1993): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702784.

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15

Jorg Michael, Dostal. "The Developmental Welfare State and Social Policy: Shifting From Basic to Universal Social Protection". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 25, n.º 3 (31 de dezembro de 2010): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps25308.

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Most people would agree that developing countries should advance from basic, informal, and insecure welfare provision toward universal, formal, and secure welfare regimes. This article examines how analytical concepts of developmental statehood and developmental welfare statehood might be applied to this issue. In particular, how is it possible to combine economic and social development objectives in a mutually beneficial manner? The article reviews the history of both concepts and some of their shortcomings; examines policy features of developmental (welfare) statehood, focusing on the examples of South Korea and four other countries that have frequently been referred to as "East Asian welfare regimes"; and explores some policy options for developing countries seeking to expand their economic and social policy-making capabilities.

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16

Melling, Joseph. "Welfare capitalism and the origins of welfare states: British industry, workplace welfare and social reform, c. 1870–1914∗". Social History 17, n.º 3 (outubro de 1992): 453–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071029208567850.

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17

Crook, David. "Education, Health and Social Welfare". History of Education 36, n.º 6 (novembro de 2007): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00467600701619630.

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18

Lees, A. "Social Reform, Social Policy and Social Welfare in Modern Germany". Journal of Social History 23, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 1989): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/23.1.167.

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19

Ashby, LeRoy, e Walter I. Trattner. "Biographical Dictionary of Social Welfare in America". Journal of American History 73, n.º 4 (março de 1987): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1904187.

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20

ECKERT, ANDREAS. "REGULATING THE SOCIAL: SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL WELFARE AND THE STATE IN LATE COLONIAL TANZANIA". Journal of African History 45, n.º 3 (novembro de 2004): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853704009880.

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This essay discusses British discourses and efforts to regulate social policy in both urban and rural areas in late colonial Tanzania. It focuses mainly on questions of social security and especially on the vague concept of social welfare and development, which after the Second World War became a favoured means of expressing a new imperial commitment to colonial people. The British were very reluctant about implementing international standards of social security in Tanganyika, mainly due to the insight that the cost of providing European-scale benefits could not be borne by the colonial regime in such a poor territory. They were far more enthusiastic in pursuing a policy of social development, embodied in social welfare centres and various other schemes. It is argued that in Tanzania, this policy remained focused on peasantization rather than on proletarianization and was characterized by a disconnection between Colonial Office mandarins in London, attempting to create bourgeois, respectable African middle classes, and colonial officials in Tanganyika, seeking to maintain the political legitimacy of the chiefs and headmen. Most Africans ignored rather than challenged many of these state efforts. However, the nationalist party, the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) under Julius Nyerere believed in these programmes and continued such dirigiste and poorly financed improvement schemes after independence.

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21

Cheng, Tyrone Chiwai. "Welfare “Recidivism” among Former Welfare Recipients". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 84, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.74.

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With welfare reform soundly launched and its effects already praised, it is time to examine its impact on former welfare recipients. A typology of adaptation to welfare—comprising dependency, supplementation, self-reliance, and autonomy—was developed based on former welfare recipients' financial status and employment status. An examination was also made of ways in which welfare recipients changed from more independent modes of adaptation (autonomy and self-reliance) to less independent modes (supplementation and dependency). Using longitudinal data extracted from a U. S. Department of Labor survey, event history analysis was applied to investigate changes in adaptation mode and factors contributing to these changes, among former welfare recipients across a period of 1 8 years. The investigation found that return to welfare was uncommon. Furthermore, the results show that nonpoor former recipients most often joined the ranks of the working poor because of welfare reform, ethnicity, education level, occupational skills, family income, housing subsidy, child care, and prior experience in welfare use. Some nonpoor former recipients who spent long spells in welfare returned to welfare because they suffered income reductions and needed food stamps. Working poor former recipients were likely to become nonpoor if they were married and had no need for child care or food stamps. Working poor White, single mothers with little work experience and little child support were likely to return to welfare and become further dependent on it.

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22

ZANONI, AMY. "Remembering Welfare as We Knew It: Understanding Neoliberalism through Histories of Welfare". Journal of Policy History 35, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2022): 118–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000318.

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AbstractThe political transformation that culminated in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act fueled scholarly interest in welfare history. As politicians dismantled welfare, scholars discovered long histories of raced and gendered social control, intertwined public and private interests, and fixations on work and personal responsibility. They also recovered more promising possibilities of cash assistance. This article examines foundational welfare histories published between 1971 and 2018. I suggest that this somewhat isolated body of work has shed bright light on the history of neoliberalism from the perspective of people never fully included into social citizenship. It exposes how neoliberalism is and is not different from mid-century liberalism and recovers a long history of resistance. In an era when few talk about cash assistance, welfare historiography is vital for restoring fading memory of its redistributive potential.

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23

Lin, Alfred H. Y. "Warlord, Social Welfare and Philanthropy". Modern China 30, n.º 2 (abril de 2004): 151–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700403261823.

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24

Moskal'onov, S. A. "Assessment criteria for aggregate social welfare". Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice 19, n.º 12 (25 de dezembro de 2020): 2358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ea.19.12.2358.

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Subject. The article addresses the history of development and provides the criticism of existing criteria for aggregate social welfare (on the simple exchange economy (the Edgeworth box) case). Objectives. The purpose is to develop a unique classification of criteria to assess the aggregate social welfare. Methods. The study draws on methods of logical and mathematical analysis. Results. The paper considers strong, strict and weak versions of the Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson criteria, introduces the notion of equivalence and constructs orderings by Pareto, Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky, and Samuelson. The Pareto and Samuelson's criteria are transitive, however, not complete. The Kaldor, Hicks, Scitovsky citeria are not transitive in the general case. Conclusions. The lack of an ideal social welfare criterion is the consequence of the Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem, and of the group of impossibility theorems in economics. It is necessary to develop new approaches to the assessment of aggregate welfare.

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25

Morgan, Kimberly J. "European Social Policy Embraces Solidarity in a Crisis". Current History 120, n.º 824 (1 de março de 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.824.87.

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Governments in Europe responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding their welfare systems to protect health, jobs, and incomes. The varied initiatives embody the principle of solidarity and demonstrate how welfare programs serve as a form of collective insurance against risk. But the twin health and economic crises also exposed gaps in coverage for many, including migrants and gig economy workers. Fiscal austerity, enforced by the European Union, has long constrained efforts to close those gaps.

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26

Chen, Wu. "Hong Kong’s Welfare System Under “Starting a New Chapter”: History and Prospects". World Journal of Social Science Research 10, n.º 3 (21 de julho de 2023): p44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v10n3p44.

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“Starting a new chapter for Hong Kong together” is the campaign slogan shouted by Mr. John Lee, the new chief executive of Hong Kong, under the new background of Hong Kong’s development. To start a new chapter, the primary goal is to solve various social problems accumulated in Hong Kong in the past, so Hong Kong’s welfare system should be reformed. This paper first analyzes the development history, current characteristics and driving factors of Hong Kong’s welfare system, finds that the progress of Hong Kong’s welfare system has been slow and it is difficult to respond to new social problems such as the large rich-poor gap, aging population, and working poverty, although Hong Kong has relatively comprehensive social welfare as an developed region. Where will Hong Kong’s welfare system go to start the new chapter? Starting from the real situation, this paper believes that Hong Kong will inevitably move towards a “People’s Livelihood-Oriented Active and Moderate Inclusive” welfare system based on the new government’s policy address and budget.

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Shave, Samantha A. "The Winding Road to the Welfare State: Economic insecurity and social welfare policy in Britain". Social History 47, n.º 3 (3 de julho de 2022): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2022.2075589.

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28

Barton, Thomas R., e Vijayan K. Pillai. "Using an Event History Analysis to Evaluate Social Welfare Programs". Research on Social Work Practice 5, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104973159500500203.

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29

Satka, M., e T. Harrikari. "The Present Finnish Formation of Child Welfare and History". British Journal of Social Work 38, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2008): 645–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn037.

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30

Davies, Gareth, e Blanche D. Coll. "Safety Net: Welfare and Social Security, 1929-1979." Journal of American History 83, n.º 1 (junho de 1996): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945578.

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31

Caroli, Dorena. "Bolshevism, Stalinism, and Social Welfare (1917–1936)". International Review of Social History 48, n.º 1 (abril de 2003): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859002000913.

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This article examines the main characteristics of the reform of the Soviet social security system in the 1920s and the early years of Stalinism. It uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the development of the system from many angles: the beneficiaries, the political debates, and the methods used to finance it. The reforms introduced during this period show that the Soviet welfare system depended almost entirely on economic progress; in 1927, the only state-funded provision was for disabled war veterans. Hence, the welfare system was quite specific: it was used as a tool to promote the industrialization of the country, favouring the workers at the expense of the disabled and unemployed, who were forced to fall back on various self-help strategies, some legal, some illegal. The disabled and unemployed constituted the main social problem of the 1920s. Social legislation between 1931 and 1932, under the shadow of the impact which the Great Depression was having on Soviet society, progressively excluded the disabled and unemployed from the welfare system. Thus the USSR attempted to solve the unemployment problem by means of social exclusion.

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32

Marthinsen, Edgar. "Social work practice and social science history". Social Work and Social Sciences Review 15, n.º 1 (20 de dezembro de 2012): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v15i1.505.

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Social work may be regarded as a product of the Enlightment together with other social sciences. The ontological shift from religious perspectives to a secularly based responsibility that opens up for political as well as individual action is regarded as a baseline for modern social work. Social work itself has struggled to develop an academic identity and a sustainable social field within the social sciences. Social work has historically experienced a gap between research and practice, relating to social sciences and other subjects as part of its teaching without a firm scientific foundation for social works own practice. If social work earlier developed related to ideas of welfare and social policy in practice it may now be moving in a new direction towards more than being based on scientific development within its own field. Over the last decades the need for scientific development within social work has strengthened its relation to research and social science. There seems to be arguments to support that social work is moving with research in directions which may be regarded as an epistemological turn based on understanding of knowledge production as well as a linguistic turn where the construction of meaning enhance the importance of regarding different lifeworlds and worldviews as basis for claiming some egalitarian positions for different positions as clients as well as researchers and practitioners.

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Hale, Frederick. "Sweden's Welfare State at a Turning Point". Current History 111, n.º 743 (1 de março de 2012): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2012.111.743.112.

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Zabralova, O. S. "A Social Welfare State: A Concept, Essence and Types". Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, n.º 6 (21 de maio de 2022): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.139.6.021-031.

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The paper is devoted to the examination of the concept and essence of a social welfare state. The author studies the history of the formation of the concept of a social welfare state, correlates it with the state of prosperity, analyzes various approaches to the definition of the welfare state, classifies the models of the welfare state. The author criticizes the opinion that distinguishes between a paternalistic state and a welfare state and comes to the conclusion that a paternalistic state is an extreme form of a welfare state when the latter guarantees a high level of social safeguards. The paper concludes that the welfare state is directly related to such categories as social equality, social security, solidarity of society, social tension, social policy, as well as a number of other categories. At the same time, social justice is the central category, since it is the category that represents the goal for which the state conducts its social policy.

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Mandell, Nikki. "Allies or Antagonists? Philanthropic Reformers and Business Reformers in the Progressive Era". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 11, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2012): 71–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781411000466.

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In the early twentieth century, amid heightening industrial tensions, many large corporations introduced welfare work to co-opt their employees' loyalties and pacify public anger. Many of the techniques and ideas of what became known as “welfare capitalism” were adapted from charity aid and settlement work. Over time, however, labor relations moved from being identified as a social reform issue—bound up with other issues on which the new profession of social work concentrated—to a business management prerogative. This article argues that professionalization played a significant role in these developments. Philanthropic reformers initially claimed welfare work as part of their professional agenda. However, in the second decade of the century, the social work profession began to narrow its field of operations. As social work's ambivalent claims on the factory and shop floor atrophied, business schools were introducing elements of industrial social work into their new management curriculums. The burgeoning field of professional labor management incorporated welfare work as one of its essential tools.

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Harris, Jose. "Enterprise and Welfare States: a Comparative Perspective". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 40 (dezembro de 1990): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679167.

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DO ‘welfare states’ enhance or subvert economic enterprise, civic virtue, private moral character, the integrity of social life? Though these questions have a piquantly contemporary ring in modern British politics, they are nevertheless old quandaries in the history of social policy. Since the seventeenth century, if not earlier, practitioners, theorists and critics of public welfare schemes have argued for and against such schemes in contradictory and adversarial terms; claiming on the one hand that social welfare schemes would supply a humanitarian corrective to the rigours of a market economy; and on the other hand that they would support and streamline market forces by enhancing individual and collective efficiency. Similarly, for several hundred years models of civic morality which emphasize independence and self-sufficiency have jostled with alternative models which emphasize paternalism, altruism and organic solidarity. Few phases of social policy in Britain and elsewhere have not contained elements of more than one approach. Even the New Poor Law, notorious for its subordination to market pressures, nevertheless harboured certain residual anti-market principles and often lapsed into practices that were suspiciously communitarian; whilst Edwardian New Liberalism, famous for its philosophy of organic solidarism, in practice tempered social justice with the quest for ‘national efficiency’. These varying emphases have all been reflected in the fashions and phases of welfare state historiography—fashions and phases that appear to have been at least partly determined by the vagaries of prevailing political climate. Thus, in the aftermath of the Second World War, historians tended to portray the history of social policy as a series of governmental battles against private vested interests—battles in which the mantle of civic virtue was worn by an altruistic administrative elite, while civic vice was embodied in the motley crew of doctors, landlords, employers and insurance companies who viewed social welfare as a commodity in the market.

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Lieberman, Robert C. "Race, Institutions, and the Administration of Social Policy". Social Science History 19, n.º 4 (1995): 511–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017491.

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The New Deal marked a critical conjuncture of civil rights and welfare policy in American political development. During the Progressive Era, civil rights policy and social policy developed independently and often antithetically. While the American state expanded its reach in economic regulation and social welfare, laying the institutional and intellectual groundwork for the New Deal, policies aimed at protecting the rights of minorities progressed barely at all (McDonagh 1993). But with the Great Depression, the welfare and civil rights agendas came together powerfully. For African Americans, who had already been relegated to the bottom of the political economy, the Depression created even more desperate conditions, and issues of economic opportunity and relief became paramount. The African American political community pursued an agenda that linked advances in civil rights to expansions of the state's role in social welfare (Hamilton and Hamilton 1992).

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Laws, Glenda. "The dilemma of American social welfare". Social Science & Medicine 41, n.º 11 (dezembro de 1995): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)90353-4.

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Giorgi, Chiara. "Social Policies in Italian Fascism. Authoritarian Strategies and Social Integration". Historia Contemporánea, n.º 61 (7 de outubro de 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/hc.20259.

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El texto desarrolla algunos de los pasos fundamentales relacionados con el desarrollo del Welfare italiano durante los años del fascismo, enmarcándolos tanto en el debate historiográfico más reciente como en el contexto de algunos procesos nacionales e internacionales. Así, las políticas sociales fascistas se examinan tanto en el contexto general de extensión de los seguros sociales de la década de 1930, como en lo concerniente a la principal institución italiana responsable de la gestión de estos seguros sociales (el INFPS, -Instituto Nacional Fascista de Previsión Social-).

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Grassi, Davide. "Democracy and Social Welfare in Uruguay and Paraguay". Latin American Politics and Society 56, n.º 01 (2014): 120–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2014.00225.x.

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AbstractThis article aims to assess how democracy affects social welfare by analyzing Uruguay and Paraguay, one country with a vibrant democratic history and a progressive political landscape, the other with a generally authoritarian past and a conservative dominant party. The article maintains that welfare systems in these countries have been critically shaped by the impact of democracy, or by its absence, and by the strategies adopted by major social and political actors, especially parties; these strategies have been determined, in turn, by parties' ideologies and by the workings of electoral competition. The article also emphasizes that the impact of democracy on social welfare is critically mediated by the role of previous welfare legacies, the presence of welfare constituencies defending acquired rights and privileges, and social and economic variables, such as overall wealth levels, the formal or informal nature of labor markets, and the political organization of domestic economies.

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Pasolli, Lisa. "Talking Tax to Social Policy Historians". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 31, n.º 1 (9 de novembro de 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083631ar.

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When it comes to the links between taxation and social policy, the growth of the welfare state, funded by income tax, is the obvious starting point. But in Give and Take, Tillotson goes far beyond the obvious. In her hands, the tax system has complex “welfare effects.” Looking through the tax lens, Tillotson gives us fresh perspectives on the origins, politics, and consequences of social welfare programs, as well as the negotiation of social citizenship rights and obligations. In this essay, I also suggest Give and Take points us towards a relatively unexplored set of questions about the history of social policy in twentieth-century Canada, namely how the tax system and especially tax expenditures have been used to achieve social policy objectives.

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Trattner, Walter I., e Blanche D. Coll. "Safety Net: Welfare and Social Security, 1929-1979." American Historical Review 102, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170974.

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Hacker, Jacob S. "Bringing the Welfare State Back In: The Promise (and Perils) of the New Social Welfare History". Journal of Policy History 17, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2005.0004.

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The welfare state—the complex of policies that, in one form or another, all rich democracies have adopted to ameliorate destitution and provide valued social goods and services—is an increasingly central subject in the study of American history and politics. The past decade has unleashed a veritable tidal wave of books on the topic, including, from historians, Alice Kessler-Harris'sIn Pursuit of Equityand Michael Katz'sThe Price of Citizenship, and, from political scientists, Robert Lieberman'sShifting the Color Lineand Peter Swenson'sCapitalists Against Markets. Journals ranging from theAmerican Historical ReviewtoPolitical Science Quarterly(and, with less regularity, even theAmerican Political Science Review) now routinely feature analyses of U.S. social policy. And going back just a few years more, the early 1990s saw the publication of several influential works on the subject, notably Paul Pierson'sDismantling the Welfare State?and Theda Skocpol'sProtecting Soldiers and Mothers, each of which won major book prizes in political science. If any moment deserves to be seen as a heady time for writing on the American welfare state, this is it.

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Reisch, Michael. "Social Justice and Multiculturalism: Persistent Tensions in the History of US Social Welfare and Social Work". Studies in Social Justice 1, n.º 1 (5 de março de 2007): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v1i1.981.

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Social justice has been a central normative component of U.S. social welfare and social work for over a century, although the meaning and implications of the term have often been ambiguous. A major source of this ambiguity lies in the conflict between universalist views of social justice and those which focus on achieving justice for specific groups. This conflict has been masked by several long-standing assumptions about the relationship between social justice and multiculturalism – assumptions which have been challenged by recent developments. The assumption that the pursuit of social justice requires the creation of a more egalitarian society has been challenged by the new political-economic realities of globalization. The assumption that the maintenance of individual rights complements the pursuit of social equality has been challenged by racially-based attacks on social welfare benefits and civil rights. Most significantly, the assumption that a socially just society is one in which different groups share a compatible vision of social justice has been challenged by the realities of multiculturalism. This paper explores the evolution of four themes regarding the relationship between social justice and multiculturalism during the past century and discusses their implications for the contemporary demographic and cultural context of the U.S. These themes are: the relationship of cultural diversity to the nation’s values and goals; the contradiction between coerced cultural assimilation and coerced physical and social segregation; the relationship between individual and group identity and rights; and the linkage between “Americanization” and the equal application of justice.

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Bäckman, Olof, e Åke Bergmark. "Escaping welfare? Social assistance dynamics in Sweden". Journal of European Social Policy 21, n.º 5 (dezembro de 2011): 486–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928711418855.

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The article analyses temporal patterns in social assistance receipt in Sweden in the 2000s by looking at which circumstances facilitate versus reduce the possibilities of a person ceasing to be a recipient of social assistance. The analysis is guided by the following questions: What conditions lead people to terminate periods of social assistance receipt? Which factors are central to exits with different subsequent income patterns? How do these explain the different situations of recipients prior to termination? We focus particularly on income maintenance prior to spells of social assistance. We use event history data on monthly social assistance take-up covering the total adult Swedish population for the years 2002–2004. We adopt a gamma mixture model to control for unobserved heterogeneity. The results suggest that previous experience of both employment and social assistance receipt are important determinants for all types of exits from social assistance recipiency. A negative duration dependence is found also when unobserved heterogeneity is controlled for.

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Wrigley, Chris. ":The Winding Road to the Welfare State: Economic Insecurity and Social Welfare Policy in Britain". Journal of Modern History 95, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2023): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/725976.

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Noorkamilah, Noorkamilah. "Peran Mualaf Center Yogyakarta terhadap Keberfungsian Sosial Mualaf Perspektif Pekerjaan sosial". WELFARE : Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 10, n.º 1 (15 de setembro de 2022): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/welfare.2021.101-02.

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This paper is motivated by concern for converts who experience social welfare problems. converts are very vulnerable to fall into situations of social dysfunction. Their choice to convert, often invites sectarian attitudes, bullying, acts of violence or other forms of injustice. This study aims to explain the conditions of social functioning of the converts, especially those who are members of the Yogyakarta Mualaf Center.This research is a field research with a descriptive-qualitative approach. To enrich the research results, comparisons were made to other cases with similar contexts. The selection of informants used a purposive sampling technique, which consisted of MCY administrators, Companion, and converts themselves. The research data were collected using the following techniques: interviews using life history, non-participant observations, and documentation. The data were then analyzed by peforming three activities; data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion and verification. The results of this study conclude that in the conversion process there are several conditions experienced by converts. Converts experience 3 situations, namely the situation to meet basic needs, social roles and psychological and physical pressure. Mualaf Center has made several social intervention efforts including, Counseling, Individual and Group Assistance. The support and interventions that have been carried out are able to provide changes to the social functioning of converts from difficulties in social functioning to increasing at risk social functioning. Keywords: Mualaf, social functioning, Social Work Intervention, religious conversion Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kepedulian terhadap mualaf yang mengalami masalah kesejahteraan sosial. mualaf sangat rentan untuk jatuh ke dalam situasi disfungsi sosial. Pilihan mereka untuk berpindah agama, seringkali mengundang sikap sektarian, bullying, tindakan kekerasan atau bentuk ketidakadilan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kondisi keberfungsian sosial para muallaf khususnya yang tergabung dalam Mualaf Center Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Untuk memperkaya hasil penelitian, dilakukan perbandingan terhadap kasus lain dengan konteks yang sama. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, yang terdiri dari pengurus MCY, Pendamping mualaf, dan mualaf. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik sebagai berikut: wawancara menggunakan life history, observasi non partisipan, dan dokumentasi. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dengan melakukan tiga kegiatan; reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam proses konversi ada beberapa kondisi yang dialami oleh Mualaf. Mualaf mengalami 3 situasi yang dihadapi yakni situasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar, peranan sosial dan tekanan psikis maupun fisik. Mualaf Center telah melakukan beberapa upaya intervensi sosial diantaranya yakni, Konseling, Pendampingan individu dan Kelompok. Dukungan dan intervensi yang telah dilakukan mampu memberikan perubahan pada keberfungsian sosial Mualaf dari kesulitan dalam berfungsi sosial (difficulties in social functioning) meningkat ke arah keberfungsian sosial berisiko (at risk social functioning). Kata Kunci: Mualaf, Keberfungsian Sosial, Intervensi Pekerjaan Sosial, Konversi Agama

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Tanenhaus, David S. "Welfare, History, and the Framing of Twenty‐First‐Century Social Policy". Social Service Review 74, n.º 3 (setembro de 2000): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516414.

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Coll, Blanche D., e Robert X. Browning. "Politics and Social Welfare Policy in the United States". Journal of American History 73, n.º 4 (março de 1987): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1904147.

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Igersheim, Herrade. "The Death of Welfare Economics". History of Political Economy 51, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 2019): 827–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-7803691.

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The death of welfare economics has been declared several times. One of the reasons cited for these plural obituaries is that Kenneth Arrow’s impossibility theorem, as set out in his pathbreaking Social Choice and Individual Values in 1951, has shown that the social welfare function—one of the main concepts of the new welfare economics as defined by Abram Bergson (Burk) in 1938 and clarified by Paul Samuelson in the Foundations of Economic Analysis—does not exist under reasonable conditions. Indeed, from the very start, Arrow kept asserting that his famous impossibility result has direct and devastating consequences for the Berg-son-Samuelson social welfare function, though he seemed to soften his position in the early eighties. On his side, especially from the seventies on, Samuelson remained active on this issue and continued to defend the concept he had devised with Bergson, tooth and nail, against Arrow’s attacks. The aim of this article is precisely to examine this rather strange controversy, which is almost unknown in the scientific community, even though it lasted more than fifty years and involved a conflict between two economic giants, Arrow and Samuelson, and, behind them, two distinct communities—welfare economics, which was on the wane, against the emerging social choice theory—representing two conflicting ways of dealing with mathematical tools in welfare economics and two different conceptions of social welfare.

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