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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Social sciences -> history -> middle eastern history"
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Kuran, Timur. "Synergies between Middle Eastern Economic History and the Analytic Social Sciences". International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, n.º 3 (26 de julho de 2012): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000505.
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Over the past half century, the scholarly literature on Middle Eastern economic history has grown substantially. By mining the surviving records of states and towns, scholars steeped in the region's languages have produced detailed studies of waqfs, guilds, taxation, government expenditures, monetary trends, production, land use, charity, and court systems, among many other topics. In carrying out their work, Middle Eastern historians can now draw on abundant publications that describe economic life in particular places and periods.
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Agmon, Iris. "Women's History and Ottoman Sharia Court Records: Shifting Perspectives in Social History". Hawwa 2, n.º 2 (2004): 172–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569208041514680.
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AbstractThis paper revisits some methodological and conceptual aspects of scholarly works on the social history of Middle Eastern women based on Ottoman court records that were published in the last three decades. It discusses the main approaches employed by historians in the field for analyzing court records, and the circumstances that shaped these patterns. It shows that, during the 1970s and 1980s, this body of scholarly works on women's history, as part of Middle Eastern social history, adhered to historiographical approaches that did not follow the "cultural turn" characterizing West European and North American historiography. This situation, however, has recently changed.
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Tuğ, Başak. "Gender and Ottoman Social History". International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2014): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814000178.
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Starting with Said's critique of Orientalism but going well beyond it, poststructuralist and postcolonial critiques of modernity have challenged not only one-dimensional visions of Western modernity—by “multiplying” or “alternating” it with different modernities—but also the binaries between the modern and the traditional/premodern/early modern, thus resulting in novel, more inclusive ways of thinking about past experiences. Yet, while scholars working on the Middle East have successfully struggled against the Orientalist perception of the Middle East asthetradition constructed in opposition to the Western modern, they often have difficulties in deconstructing the traditionwithin, that is, the premodern past. They have traced the alternative and multiple forms of modernities in Middle Eastern geography within the temporal borders of “modernity.” However, going beyond this temporality and constructing new concepts—beyond the notion of tradition—to understand the specificities of past experiences (which are still in relationship with the present) remains underdeveloped in the social history of the Middle East.
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Samin, Nadav. "Situating Tribes in History: Lessons from the Archives and the Social Sciences". International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, n.º 3 (agosto de 2021): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000751.
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The tribe presents a problem for the historian of the modern Middle East, particularly one interested in personalities, subtleties of culture and society, and other such “useless” things. By and large, tribes did not leave their own written records. The tribal author is a phenomenon of the present or the recent past. There are few twentieth century tribal figures comparable to the urban personalities to whose writings and influence we owe our understanding of the social, intellectual, and political history of the modern Middle East. There is next a larger problem of record keeping to contend with: the almost complete inaccessibility of official records on the postcolonial Middle East. It is no wonder that political scientists and anthropologists are among the best regarded custodians of the region's twentieth century history; they know how to make creative and often eloquent use of drastically limited tools. For many decades, suspicious governments have inhibited historians from carrying out the duties of their vocation. This is one reason why the many rich and original new monographs on Saddam Hussein's Iraq are so important. If tribes are on the margins of the records, and the records themselves are off limits, then one might imagine why modern Middle Eastern tribes are so poorly conceived in the scholarly imagination.
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Rafizadeh, Majid. "Exploring the field of middle-eastern gender history". Journal of Social Inclusion 2, n.º 2 (9 de novembro de 2011): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36251/josi37.
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Berkey, Jonathan P. "THE PROMISE AND PITFALLS OF MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC SOCIAL HISTORY". International Journal of Middle East Studies 46, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2014): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743814000191.
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When I was in graduate school, in the 1980s, one frequently heard complaints about the comparatively unsophisticated nature of the historiography of the medieval Middle East. There was considerable envy of historians in fields like early modern European history, who pushed broader disciplinary limits and whose works were read not just for content but also for historiographical and theoretical inspiration. There were some in our own corner of the profession blazing new methodological trails—Clifford Geertz, for example, who, though not a historian, had much to say to historians, and whose books were read eagerly by historians, and not just in Middle Eastern history; or Fedwa Malti-Douglas, as much at home in feminist literary theory as in medieval Arabic literature. But many graduate students in Middle Eastern history felt a bit underrepresented on the cutting edge of historical thought and practice.
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Goldberg, David. "The culinary crescent, a history of Middle Eastern cuisine". Food, Culture & Society 22, n.º 5 (29 de agosto de 2019): 714–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15528014.2019.1658152.
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WIKTOROWICZ, QUINTAIN. "MAHMUD A. FAKSH, The Future of Islam in the Middle East: Fundamentalism in Egypt, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1997). Pp. 148. $49.95 cloth. MAHMOOD MONSHIPOURI, Islamism, Secularism, and Human Rights in the Middle East (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1998). Pp. 270. $55.00 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2001): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801411068.
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Middle Eastern studies is frequently criticized in the social sciences for being atheoretical and descriptive. While it is effective in elucidating the complexities of societies, a lack of theory tends to isolate Middle Eastern studies from social-science disciplines, because it often lacks applicable frameworks or concepts that can be applied outside the region. A growing group of scholars is attempting to address this concern by integrating strong empirical area expertise and the rigor of social-science inquiry to enhance the explanatory power of research.
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Burton, Elise K. "Narrating ethnicity and diversity in Middle Eastern national genome projects". Social Studies of Science 48, n.º 5 (outubro de 2018): 762–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312718804888.
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Most Middle Eastern populations outside Israel have not been represented in Western-based international human genome sequencing efforts. In response, national-level projects have emerged throughout the Middle East to decode the Arab, Turkish and Iranian genomes. The discourses surrounding the ‘national genome’ that shape scientists’ representation of their work to local and international audiences evoke three intersecting analytics of nationalism: methodological, postcolonial and diasporic. Methodologically, ongoing human genome projects in Turkey and Iran follow the population logics of other national and international genome projects, for example justifying research with reference to projected health benefits to their fellow citizens. Meanwhile, assumptions about and representations of ethnicity and diversity are deeply inflected by local histories of scientific development and nationalist politics. While Iranian geneticists have transformed this paradigm to catalog national genetic diversity through a discourse of ‘Iranian ethnicities’, Turkish geneticists remain politically constrained from acknowledging ethnic diversity and struggle to distance their work from racialized narratives of Turkish national identity. Such nationally-framed narratives of genomic diversity are not confined to their original contexts, but travel abroad, as demonstrated by a US-based genome project that articulates a form of Iranian-American diasporic nationalism.
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Kho, Gerson Ralph Manuel, Teguh Hidayatul Rachmad, Yohanes Probo Dwi Sasongko e Sara Hasan. "Women on Top: a Study of Middle Eastern Women's Rights in the Media Political Economy". Jurnal Spektrum Komunikasi 11, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2023): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.37826/spektrum.v11i3.522.
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The Middle Eastern media generally promotes the dignity of women more. The issues facing women who have endured conflict or sexual assault are constantly brought up in the news and widely distributed through movies. Discourse based on media culture demonstrates how firmly the Middle East supports the rights and dignity of women. The desire of the media to demonstrate the strength and might of a nation, a person, or a viewpoint is directly tied to the political and economic interests of this. Power relations are actually depicted in Middle Eastern media by a culture that has evolved from generation to generation. Unlike before the movement to uphold women’s rights, men's right to express their masculinity is now limited. This is the state of the art in scientific writings that take a media, political economy, and history approach to studying Middle Eastern media culture. Researchers in Indonesia still hardly ever use qualitative research methodologies that take a media political economy perspective with four units of analysis, including history, social totality, morality, and praxis orientation, that are connected to media cultures outside of Indonesia (the Middle East). The goal of this study was to determine the Middle Eastern countries' power structures based on their publicized media cultures. The Middle East is particularly receptive to industrialization that helps women, as shown by historical characteristics of the region that produce films and news about women's fights that women always win over males. Furthermore, the Middle East is home to a large number of female political figures, demonstrating that the media's political economy interests in promoting women are upheld there.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Social sciences -> history -> middle eastern history"
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Harman, Andrew. "A One Percent Chance: Jabotinsky, Bernadotte, and the Iron Wall Doctrine". Chapman University Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses/1.
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This thesis is an examination of the long historical processes that have led to the Israel/Palestine conflict to the contemporary period, focusing mostly on the period before Israeli independence and the 1948 war that created the Jewish state. As Zionism emerged at the turn of the twentieth century to combat the antisemitism of Europe, practical and political facets of the movement sought immigration to Palestine, an area occupied by a large population of Arab natives. The answer to how the Zionists would achieve a Jewish state in that region, largely ignoring the indigenous population, fostered disagreements and a split in the Zionist ideology. The Revisionist Zionist organization was founded by Ze’ev Jabotinsky and favored a more militant orientation. With an “Iron Wall” manifesto, and as time passed and international aid waned, the Revisionists evolved into an anticolonial movement that not only viewed Palestinians as an obstacle to the Jewish state but turned their anticolonial furor toward the British and United Nations threats. That evolution reached a crescendo in 1948 when the Revisionist paramilitary group Lehi assassinated the UN Mediator, Count Bernadotte. That act was a catalyst that began the end of the war and the solidification of a Palestinian refugee crisis that persists to the present. As the Iron Wall Doctrine evolved from the early teachings of Jabotinsky through anticolonial violence and the removal of native Arabs from the new state of Israel, future prime ministers who were former Revisionist terrorists maintained the prescribed perpetual state of war Jabotinsky predicted with the now landless Palestinians. This research concludes that both Jabotinsky and Bernadotte were crucial characters in the narrative that allowed for the Iron Wall Doctrine, and thus the Jewish state, to not only exist but to carry on beyond the 1948 independence into the long standing conflict it has become.
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Malone, Chad Allen. "A Socio-Historical Analysis of U.S. State Terrorism from 1948 to 2008". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1216592463.
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Alghunaim, Ghadah. "Conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran: An Examination of Critical Factors Inhibiting their Positive Roles in the Middle East". NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/19.
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Since 1979, Saudi-Iranian relations have been tense due to their position as superior powers in the Middle East. Both countries have different values and perspectives in regards to diplomatic relations with the West. As a consequence of the new developments in Iran's foreign policy and the newfound openness to the West adopted by President Rouhani, the topic has proven to be of research interest. The primary concern of this research was to explore the effect of the conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the Middle East, and whether or not there is a possibility to overcome this conflict using the new political developments. For this purpose, a content analysis methodology was employed.
Through an analysis of data presented in the literature review, which consisted of scholarly articles, policy briefs, and books, this dissertation examines the complex political relations through which the pattern of the bilateral relations explain the conflicting narratives. This complexity is present in the political actions taken by Iran and Saudi Arabia, as well as the domestic and foreign policies they are embracing. The findings of this study demonstrate the effect of this conflict in the Middle East. The research also proposes a number of possible recommendations on how to resolve this conflict through political openness and reciprocal agreements that target the citizens of Iran and Saudi Arabia.
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Yilmaz, Gulay. "The economic and social roles of janissaries in a seventeenth century Ottoman city: the case of Istanbul". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104500.
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This study examines the ways in which the janissaries were part of civic society in early seventeenth-century Istanbul. It is based on the premise that investigation of the relationship between military cadres and civilians in Ottoman cities will reveal how hitherto unnoticed or underestimated aspects of urban life was during the early modern era. Making use of the Istanbul court records (şer'iye sicils), probate registers (tereke defters), conscription (eşkal defters) and salary registers (mevacib defters) of the janissaries, and registers of central state decrees (mühimme defters), the study focuses on the economic and social roles of the janissaries in Istanbul, as they entered into an enhanced urbanization process due to the social and political transformations of the Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century.By studying various aspects of janissaries' lives this dissertation reveals the extent of their involvement in seventeenth century Istanbul's civic society. First, the methods of becoming a janissary are investigated and how these methods changed during the early seventeenth century are laid out. The profiles of janissaries in seventeenth-century Istanbul became much different than those of previous centuries as a result of changes in the conscription methods. These profiles are looked at more closely in the following sections of the dissertation. An examination of the janissaries' residential patterns in Istanbul reveals that the urban topography of the capital was directly influenced by an increase in the number of janissaries who were not living in the barracks and therefore were not segregated from the civic population. Solidarities and antagonisms that emerged thanks to the intertwinement of the janissaries with the city is another important concentration of this dissertation. A two-way movement between the janissaries and the artisans as well as solidarity among them emerged, which was reflected in janissary-led urban protests. These are all important dimensions of the newly emerged urban dynamics in Istanbul. Another one is the enhanced janissary solidarity through the economic bonding among the same regiment members through the strengthening of the regiment waqfs. This study reveals that the urbanization process of the janissaries in seventeenth-century Istanbul and their economic activities was a reflection of the general trends of increased capital accumulation and growth of a credit economy in Ottoman society.La présente étude vise à examiner les moyens dans lesquelles les Janissaires faisaient partie de la société civile d'Istanbul au début du 17e siècle. Il se fonde sur la prémisse qu'une investigation des rapports entre cadres militaires et civiles dans les villes ottomanes révélera des aspects de la vie urbaine, jusqu'ici inaperçus ou sous-estimés, dans la période moderne. En exploitant les documents de la cour de justice d'Istanbul (şer'iye sicils), les registres de testament (tereke defters), les registres de conscription (eşkal defters) et des salaires (mevacib defters) des Janissaires, et les registres des décrets de l'état centrale (mühimme defters), l'étude concentre sur les rôles économiques et sociales des Janissaires en Istanbul au moment où ils se sont embarqués dans un processus d'urbanisation rehaussée dû à la transformation sociale et politique de l'empire ottoman au 17e siècle.Par une étude des différents aspects de la vie des Janissaires, cette dissertation découvre l'étendu de leur implication dans la société civile d'Istanbul dans cette période. D'abord, il est question d'examiner les moyens de devenir janissaire et comment ces moyens ont changé dans les premières décades du 17e siècle. Les janissaires d'Istanbul ont subis en ce temps un grand changement de profil à la différence des siècles précédents suite aux changements dans les méthodes de conscription. Ces profils sont examinés de plus près dans les sections qui suivent. Une étude des dispositions résidentielles des Janissaires en Istanbul révèle que la topographie urbaine de la capitale a été directement liée au surcroit dans le nombre de Janissaires qui ne résidaient plus dans les casernes et qui n'étaient donc pas isolés de la population civile. Les solidarités et les antagonismes qui s'ensuivaient, dus aux entrelacements des Janissaires avec la ville, font un autre focus de cette dissertation. Le va-et-vient entre les janissaires et les artisans, ainsi que la solidarité qui se formait entre ces deux groupes, est reflété dans les protestations menées par les janissaires. Ce sont tous des dimensions signifiantes d'une nouvelle dynamique urbaine à Istanbul. Un autre, c'est la solidarité rehaussée parmi les Janissaires qui découlait de la rapprochement économique à l'intérieur des régiments causée par la renforcement des waqfs régimentaires. L'étude révèle aussi que le processus d'urbanisation des Janissaires dans l'Istanbul du 17e siècle ainsi que leurs activités économiques reflétaient les tendances générales d'accumulation accrue du capital et l'essor d'une économie de crédit dans la société ottomane.
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Fonder, Nathan Lambert. "Pleasure, Leisure, or Vice? Public Morality in Imperial Cairo, 1882-1949". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10077.
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I investigate the social history of Egypt under British imperial occupation through the lens of morality in order to understand the contestation of cultural change and authority under empire. Points of cultural cleavage between European and local inhabitants in British-occupied Cairo included two customs, gambling and the consumption of intoxicants, which elicited sustained and dynamic reactions from observers of Egyptian society on the local and international level. I show that the presence of alcohol and gambling in public spaces in Cairo contributed directly to the politicization and selective criminalization of public morality. However, the meanings attributed to social practices relating to leisure were continually under negotiation and challenge as state authorities, British liberals, Egyptian reformers and religious leaders, foreign missionaries, and representatives of international temperance movements vied to impose their visions of morality upon Egyptian society.
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Stremlin, Boris. "Constructing a multiparadigm world history civilizations, ecumenes and world-systems in the ancient Near East /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Alatawi, Ahmed Saleem. "The Representation of Social Hierarchy in Saudi Women Novelists’ Discourse Between 2004 and 2015". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu149857309025208.
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Lattouf, Mirna. "The history of women's higher education in modern Lebanon and its social implications". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288958.
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Much has been theorized about the positive correlation between education and the change in women's status in society. Yet, in 1995, a United Nations report on women showed that although there has been much effort to eliminate discrimination based on sex, with greater opportunities and access to education, or formal learning, the most bias was due to socialization, or informal learning, as expressed through cultural values, norms and traditions. The report also showed that although governments claimed to be dedicated to erasing illiteracy and improving educational opportunities, they are very quick to claim cultural relativity when asked to review other elements of concern, such as harmful laws and customs. Education of girls and women has not accomplished the anticipated social transformation, especially the socially constructed patriarchal ideology which places them as primarily providers of biological and sexual services and unpaid labor. In a study on women and higher education in Modern Lebanon one finds the Lebanese case mimics international trends in the unwillingness to confront and reinterpret the strict ideology which impose on women the primary and at times sole function as "mother and wife." In Lebanon, one also finds that this hegemony has obviated the transformation of much female educational progress into change in the role of women in society. Although education has become more accessible, the hierarchy of opportunities is maintained and is more complex as it now intertwines class, religious affiliations and gender. Girls' formal education at the primary level was introduced into Lebanese society in the early nineteenth century. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the doors of higher education were opened to them. Today, women make up half of the student population at the tertiary level. Not only are they able to enter and compete with young men, they are exceeding all expectations by graduating at higher rates. However, there are a few points of concern. First, most women still register and graduate from traditionally female fields. Second, although there has been a tremendous increase of women attending universities, participating in the labor force and the political sphere, there is little change in the way society views women. Women and men regard education and work as secondary functions to women's primary purpose as "wife and mother." Third, when efforts are made to change harmful laws and customs, women are accused of trying to divide their community by placing mundane women's issues before national interest. Even worse, they may be accused of conspiring with the West to destroy Lebanese or Arab identity and traditions. Fourth, in the last six years, the initiation of various policies seem to thwart the advancement of women in the marketplace as government plans push women back into the home. Finally, one must not underestimate the role of the religious authorities in the continuous attempt to shape the strict division of labor between the sexes in Lebanon. The question remains, how can Lebanese women actively and cautiously participate in the formation of new truths, which will generate more inclusive and empowering myths for both girls and boys in the future?
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Shams-Esmaeili, Fatemeh. "Official voices of a revolution : a social history of Islamic republican poetry". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6f2561b-fd26-4064-88b8-f365d7abf2e4.
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This thesis is primarily concerned with the literary aspects of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Its immediate focus rests on the evolution of the Islamic republican poetic trend, encompassing both the disillusioned and conformist voices that rose to prominence in the course of the 1979 Revolution and their on-going engagement with the ruling political power. In this vein, this thesis investigates the various cultural policies of the state, as well as select political transformations of the past three decades, all of which played a pivotal role in this literary evolution. The thesis shows how the official poets that emerged during the 1979 Revolution, and which proved significantly active throughout the immediate history subsequent to that event (war with Iraq, the death of Ayatollah Khomeini and the rise and fall of the reform movement), evolved over time and thereby either received political support for their commitment to the state ideology or became gradually excluded from official cultural institutions. Finally, this thesis reviews the manner in which state strategies have shaped an institutionalised form of poetry that is monitored and reinforced by the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic and official cultural authorities. It demonstrates how an innate linking of the project of Islamic republican literature to underlying ideologically defined notions such as 'religious verse', 'legitimate poetry' and 'commitment' was and continues to be an intrinsic part of the literary foundations of the ideological apparatus of the Islamic Republic.
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Thornton, Amara Alexandra. "British archaeologists, social networks and the emergence of a profession : the social history of British archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East 1870-1939". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318140/.
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My research into the history of archaeology centres on the lives and social networks of five British archaeologists: George and Agnes Horsfield, John and Molly Crowfoot and John Garstang, and explores various themes in the development of archaeology from 1870-1939. These themes include the education of archaeologists, the development of archaeological training institutions, and the institutionalisation of archaeology at university level; the relationship between archaeology and architecture/architects in the development of departments of antiquities in the unofficial British empire; the relationship between archaeologists, art historians and artists; fundraising and patronage, and networks in the history of archaeology. Exposing the facets of the connections between archaeologists, politicians and practitioners of various disciplines broadens our understanding of how archaeological knowledge was collected. It illuminates the social historical context to archaeological work conducted by Britons abroad, specifically those archaeologists working in Egypt, the Sudan, Palestine and Transjordan. It also highlights the differences and similarities between men and women in archaeology. Using broad categories to map and highlight different kinds of connections between people, places and organisations, I examine the development of archaeology as a discipline, including a wide variety of practitioners often overlooked in traditional histories of archaeology. These connections have their roots in the social and political history of Britain and the British Empire, the context of a large proportion of late 19th and early 20th century archaeology. This research proposes that, as archaeological work, unlike many other scholarly activities, was conducted with the permission, aid and/or oversight of government officials, politicians, military officers, patrons, art historians, architects and artists - they all contributed to the development of archaeological methods and practice. The history of archaeology should reflect the complex network of organisations, transactions and personal relationships which make up the reality of archaeological work, while illuminating the historical, political and economic context in which such work took place.
Livros sobre o assunto "Social sciences -> history -> middle eastern history"
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1933-, Hughes Brady, ed. Women in world history. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1995.
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E, Tucker Judith, ed. Women in the Middle East and North Africa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999.
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Højlund, Flemming. Qala'at al-Bahrain. Moesgaard: Jutland Archaeological Society, 1994.
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Northey, W. Brook. The Gurkhas: Their manners, customs, and country. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 2001.
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Peter M. M. G. Akkermans. The Archaeology of Syria: From Complex Hunter-Gatherers to Early Urban Societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
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Rabinovich, Itamar. Ḥevle shalom: Yiśraʾel ṿeha-ʻArvim, 1948-2003. Or Yehudah: Devir, 2004.
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Saud M. S. Al Tamamy. Averroes, Kant and the Origins of the Enlightenment: Reason and Revelation in Arab Thought. I.B. Tauris, 2014.
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Dr, Christie Niall. The Book of the Jihad of 'Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami: Text, Translation and Commentary. Taylor & Francis, 2015.
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HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST, CA. 3000-323 B.C. 2a ed. OXFORD: BLACKWELL, 2006.
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Western Imperialism in the Middle East 1914-1958. Ebsco Publishing, 2006.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Social sciences -> history -> middle eastern history"
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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War". In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.
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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.
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Bozarslan, Hamit. "The Margins of Academia or Challenging the Official Ideology". In Documenting the Armenian Genocide, 229–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36753-3_12.
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AbstractThis chapter highlights two intellectuals, both “ethnic Turks,” who have challenged Turkey’s huge scientific machines. Their scholarship demolished the credibility of the official, extremely rigid, and radically nationalist “social sciences” as they are practiced, in the past and currently in Turkish universities and research centers. The impact of their work and their intellectual audacity gave birth to new intellectual traditions in Turkey and shook international Turcology and “Turkish studies,” which constitute an important branch of Middle Eastern Studies.İsmail Besṃikçi earned a PhD in Sociology and seemed poised to obtain a position in the Turkish academic establishment. Through a series of sociological-ethnographic volumes published at the turn of the 1970s, however, he chose to show the centrality of the Kurdish issue in the very fabric of modern Turkey. In the second half of the 1970s, after he was fired from his university and spent several years in prison, he directly attacked the Kemalist academic establishment. Besṃikçi insisted that Kemalist power, far from being the initiator of modernity in Turkey, preserved, if not reinforced, pre- or profoundly anti-modern institutions, such as tribal leadership and religious brotherhoods, at least in the Kurdish region.The second intellectual, Taner Akçam, one of the main figures of the radical left in Turkey of the 1970s, was obliged to flee the country. One of his largely unknown first books, published in 1992, was not on the Armenian issue, but on torture and cruelty in the national history. That same year, he also published a path-breaking book on the Armenian issue. Akçam had very few archival resources at his disposal, but he was able to see the deeper sense of what scholars shyly called the “Armenian question”: questioning “1915” meant questioning the very foundation of Turkey, as a state, but also as a country and a society, with all her components, including the Kurdish one, and all her political trends, including the liberal and left-wing ones. Scholars working on contemporary Tukey had to establish the facts, describe what happened in 1915 by taking their distance from official history-writing, and, more importantly, understand how such an act could take place and how such a massive taboo on the genocide could have been institutionalized.
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Oki, Sayaka. "Encounter with «Moral science» in Late Nineteenth-Century Japan". In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History, 123–35. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0242-8.10.
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The term «moral science» was used in universities and academies prior to the emergence of the expression «humanities and social sciences». However, its connection with the modern eastern Asian context has not yet been sufficiently investigated. This paper tries to fill the gap with a case study on its import and appropriation by late nineteenth-century Japan to its socio-cultural sphere, having lacked the framework of classifying the sciences into «moral» and «physical» ones. The study achieves this by examining the activities of Meirokusha, a learned society created in 1773 to promote Western studies, and the writings of one of its leading members, Yukichi Fukuzawa, who tried to understand Francis Wayland’s Elements of Moral Science (1835), a famous American textbook in his time.
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Ouaissa, Rachid, Friederike Pannewick e Alena Strohmaier. "Introduction". In Re-Configurations, 1–21. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_1.
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Abstract This essay collection is the outcome of interdisciplinary research into political, societal, and cultural transformation processes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region at the Philipps-Universität in Marburg, Germany. It builds on many years of collaboration between two research networks at the Center for Near and Middle Eastern Studies: the research network “Re-Configurations: History, Remembrance and Transformation Processes in the Middle East and North Africa” (2013–19), funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the Leibniz-Prize research group “Figures of Thought | Turning Points: Cultural Practices and Social Change in the Arab World” (2013–20), funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). Both research projects’ central interest lay in the political, social, and cultural transformation that has become especially visible since 2010–11; we conceptualize this transformation here using the term “re-configurations.” At the core of the inquiry are interpretations of visions of past and future, power relations and both political and symbolic representations.
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Tiurin, Sergei Sergeevich. "The character of the city of Verny (Almaty) in pre-revolutionary journals of historical themes in Russia (1854-1917)". In The character of the city of Verny (Almaty) in pre-revolutionary journals of historical themes in Russia (1854-1917). Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97929.
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Faithful military fortification, founded in the middle of the XIX century in the south-eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, was located far from the center of the state with a turbulent political and social life. At the same time in the middle of the XIX century, there is interest in the history of Russia, memoirs, internal politics and social sciences in general, that leading to the emergence of an unprecedented hitherto the number of periodicals historical themes. This article explores references to the city / Verny Fortification in the "Historical Gazette", "Notes of the Fatherland", "Russian Archive", "Niva", "Russian Gazette", "Russian Antiquity", "Russian Thought" and a number of other publications. Identified during the study, articles and notes on the city of Verny allow us to get an idea of what exactly the city remembers to travelers, what specific information about it was reflected in historical journals published between 1854 and 1917 in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
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Blusiewicz, Tomasz. "Eastern European Studies: History". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 810–15. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.10127-8.
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Blackwood, W. L. "Eastern European Studies: History". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 3990–91. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/03341-6.
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Siegrist, H. "Bourgeoisie/Middle Classes, History of". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 1307–14. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/02707-8.
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Siegrist, Hannes. "Bourgeoisie and Middle Classes, History of". In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 784–89. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.62013-5.
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Battistini, Matteo. "The American Middle Class". In Middle Class: An Intellectual History through Social Sciences, 38–82. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004514553_003.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Social sciences -> history -> middle eastern history"
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Daulay, Musnar Indra, Azwar Ananda, Syafri Anwar e Siti Fatimah. "Developing the Social Science-History Teaching Materials for the Sixth Grade Middle School Students". In Proceedings of the International Conference of CELSciTech 2019 - Social Sciences and Humanities track (ICCELST-SS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccelst-ss-19.2019.8.
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Mohammed, D. BELARBI. "THE MYTHOLOGICAL TENDENCY AMONG ARAB HISTORIANS". In I. International Century Congress for Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/soci.con1-14.
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This research deals with the phenomenon of mythological tendency among Arab historians in the Middle Ages. The ancient Arabs contributed to writing history: the history of human events. They also contributed to writing other aspects of history, such as the history of cities, as Al-Khatib Al-Baghdadi did in his History of Baghdad, or as Ibn Al-Khatib did in his briefing on the news of Granada. He also dated the Arabs for kings, messengers, and scholars. Hence, history in its various aspects is a cognitive obsession and a scientific preoccupation that the Arabs have known and written extensively about. As for general history, many historians have worked on it, perhaps the most famous of whom are Ibn Jarir al-Tabari 310 AH - 923 AD, Al-Masudi 346 AH - 956 AD, Al-Maqrizi 845 AH - 1442 AD, and others. In this research, we will attempt to study the legendary mythological tendency in the historical writing of Al-Tabari and Al-Masudi, a tendency that permeated the history of these two historians. Al-Tabari was famous for his book The History of the Messengers and Kings or The History of Nations and Kings, as we find in other versions. In which, Al-Tabari tried to narrate the history of the world since the appearance of man on Earth, drawing his information from his culture and religious sources. Hence, his cosmic history is closer to religious history than to human history. He relies on religious texts such as the Qur’anic text and Hadith texts, and he does not hesitate to mention the myths of other nations. Which explains the history of the origin of the universe and the appearance of creation on Earth, and he formulates it in his beautiful foundry style so that it appears as if it were of his own making.
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Wozniakowski, Arkadiusz. "THE EASTERN BATTERY IN SWINOUJSCIE, POLAND � HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF A PRUSSIAN COASTAL FORT FROM THE 19th CENTURY". In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018/5.3/s21.077.
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Chukov, Vladimir S. "Kurdish migration waves to Rojava (Northern Syria)". In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.07085c.
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This study aims to present the Kurds and the Kurdish migration waves to Rojava (Northern Syria). The accumulation of huge Kurdish masses on the territory of today's Syria is the result of millennial waves of migration caused by the turbulent events in the Middle East. The article analyzes: The Kurdish settlements in Syria; The French colonial authorities; The French colonial policy in the Middle East; The migration flow to Syria. The authors of the in-depth study of modern Syrian Kurdistan, The Question of Syrian Kurdistan – Reality, History, Mythologisation, argue that in the twentieth century there were two main waves of migration to northern Syria. One is expansionist and the other is restrictive. They form the current profile of the Kurdish community in Syria.
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Chukov, Vladimir S. "Kurdish migration waves to Rojava (Northern Syria)". In 6th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.06.07085c.
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This study aims to present the Kurds and the Kurdish migration waves to Rojava (Northern Syria). The accumulation of huge Kurdish masses on the territory of today's Syria is the result of millennial waves of migration caused by the turbulent events in the Middle East. The article analyzes: The Kurdish settlements in Syria; The French colonial authorities; The French colonial policy in the Middle East; The migration flow to Syria. The authors of the in-depth study of modern Syrian Kurdistan, The Question of Syrian Kurdistan – Reality, History, Mythologisation, argue that in the twentieth century there were two main waves of migration to northern Syria. One is expansionist and the other is restrictive. They form the current profile of the Kurdish community in Syria.
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Arta, Ketut Sedana. "Vihara in the Middle of Thousand Temples (History, Process, and Implications of Religious Conversion from Hinduism to Buddhism in Alasangker Village, Buleleng District, Buleleng Regency-Bali)". In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, and Education, ICLSSE 2022, 28 October 2022, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.28-10-2022.2326373.
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Бобринский, А. А. "THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF POTTERY PRODUCTION AMONG THE POPULATION OF THE UPPER AND MIDDLE DNIEPERREGION IN THE 1ST MILLENNIUM B. C. – 2ND MILLENNIUM A.D." In Вестник "История керамики". Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-316-9.21-32.
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Данный текст был обнаружен в личном архиве А. А. Бобринского, хранящемся в Институте археологии РАН. Написание его относится к концу 1970-х – началу 1980-х гг. Он посвящен краткому изложению истории развития функций гончарного круга на протяжении трех тысячелетий на территории Верхнего и Среднего Поднепровья и частично лесной зоны Восточной Европы. На основании разработанной автором методики дано описание уровня экономического развития гончарного производства у носителей днепро-двинской, милоградской, юхновской культур, культуры штрихованной керамики, дьяковской, позднескифской, зарубинецкой, черняховской культур, населения древнерусского и более позднего времени, вплоть до этнографической современности. This text was found in A. A. Bobrinsky’s personal archive which is preserved in the Institute of Archaeologyof the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was written in the late1970s – early1980s. It is a brief summary of the three thousand-year history of potter’s wheel functions on the territory of the Upper and Middle Dnieper region and partly of the forest zone of Eastern Europe. Based on the methodology developed by the author it describes the level of economic development of pottery production among bearers of the following cultures: the Dnieper-Dvina, the Milogrady, the Yukhnovo, the Brushed Pottery, the Dyakovo, the late Scythian, the Zarubintsy, the Chernyakhov as well as among the population from the old Russian to later period and up to ethnographic modern age.
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Bitko, Sanita. "CHURCH INTERIORS AND DIGITAL NARRATIVES: LATVIAN CHURCH HERITAGE IN THE DIGITAL AGE". In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/sv13.20.
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Today, digitalisation is widely discussed in the context of various institutions whoseoperational guidelines have made it a daily routine and a necessity for making informationaccessible to the public. The digitisation of museum collections is of particularimportance, both in terms of making them accessible to the public and for art historyresearch. However, many art objects are not only in museums, but also in churches,where, unlike the above-mentioned institutions, digitisation is not a priority and anecessity for them to continue to fulfil their tasks for the public. Considering that most ofthe sculptures created in Latvia before the middle of the 19th century are located inchurches, the paper focuses on the issues related to sacred interiors, digitisationpossibilities and their necessity. The paper analyses a number of problems and proposessolutions to the questions of what digitisation should be in order to give the maximumvalue, rather than digitisation for digitisation's. What are the benefits of a high quality,research-based digitisation of sacred interiors in the Latvian and European context. Theauthor highlights the necessity and importance of creating a digital database of sacredinteriors and masters, ensuring the circulation and accessibility of information not onlyfor art history research, but for society as a whole. The availability of information willcreate the possibility not only to see but to understand what you see and to appreciateuniqueness.
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Palestini, Caterina, e Carlos Cacciavillani. "Integrazioni multidisciplinari: storia, rilievo e rappresentazioni del castello di Palmariggi in Terra d’Otranto". In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11358.
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Multidisciplinary integrations: history, survey and representations of the castle of Palmariggi in Terra d’OtrantoThe contribution integrates historical readings, conducted through archive documents and iconographic materials, with surveys and graphical analyzes carried out through direct knowledge of Palmariggi’s historic center in Salento. The imposing Aragonese castle of which today only the two cylindrical towers remain, joined together by a stretch of perimeter masonry, initially presented a quadrangular plan with four corner towers, of which three are cylindrical and one is square and was surrounded by an existing moat, until the middle of the twentieth century, with a wooden drawbridge on the eastern side. The fortress was part of a strategic defensive system, designed to protect the village and the productive Otranto’s land with which it was related. The fortified Palmeriggi’s center represented an important defensive bulwark placed within the network of routes and agricultural activities that led from the hinterland to the port of Otranto, where flourishing trade took place. The research examines the changes undergone by the defensive structure that has had several adaptations made initially in relation to changing military requirements, resulting from the use of firearms, the upgrades that were supposed to curb the repeated looting and the military reprisals against the inhabited coastal and inland centers of Salento peninsula, and later social that led to the expansion of fortified village with Palazzo Vernazza’s (eighteenth century) adjacent construction and the original parade ground’s elimination. Summing up, the contribution in addition to documenting the current situation with integrated surveys, the state of preservation of fortified structure with its village, of which it examines the urban evolution based on the construction, typological and morphological systems, relates to the surrounding territory by comparing the plant of the ancient nucleus with that of neighboring fortified Salento’s centers. Finally, digital study models allow fortified structure’s three-dimensional analysis, its construction techniques, assuming the original shape.