Teses / dissertações: "Social rapport of vulnerability"

1

Thomas, Samuel. "Face au refus de soin : les aides-soignantes en formation à l'épreuve des dilemmes moraux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0160.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

La thèse étudie l’émergence et le traitement des dilemmes éthiques dans le travail desoin des aides-soignantes. Pour ce faire, elle mobilise trois types de matériaux, correspondant aux trois parties du manuscrit.Une première partie situe les pratiques de travail des aides-soignantes en service, ce qui permet de contextualiser les dilemmes dans les pratiques qui les font exister, et de constater la persistance d’une asymétrie dans le soin, au détriment des personnes soignées (personnes malades, patientes, usagères, etc.). La seconde partie historicise à la fois les catégories profanes et les catégories d’analyse associées à la morale. Elle permet de comprendre la coexistence de normes morales du soin qui entrent parfois en contradiction, de déconstruire les usages des termes d’éthique et de morale, puis d’élaborer un cadre théorique ajusté à l’étude des dilemmes moraux dans le soin.La troisième partie s’intéresse au traitement qui est fait des dilemmes éthiques en formation d’aide-soignante. La formation constitue à la fois un lieu d’observation privilégié, un moment de socialisation professionnelle et un cadre favorisant la réflexion sur les pratiques et les normes du soin. Cette troisième partie s’attache en particulier à saisir les conditions, les effets mais aussi les facteurs limitant ces montées en réflexivité portées par la formation.La thèse dégage une proposition théorique centrale : la relation de soin est le produit d’un rapport social de vulnérabilité, qui organise l’asymétrie entre aides-soignantes et patients au détriment de ces derniers. Les dilemmes moraux que suscitent les refus de soin sont susceptibles de mettre à l’épreuve cette asymétrie, lorsqu’ils font l’objet d’une montée en réflexivité éthique de la part des soignants. Ce mouvement critique est toutefois entravé par un cadre interprétatif individualiste, qui naturalise les normes morales du soin et transfère la responsabilité aux aides-soignantes. Les aides- soignantes se retrouvent alors bien seules pour faire face au refus de soin.Cette recherche a bénéficié d’un contrat doctoral effectué à l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), financé par le ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, via le réseau doctoral en santé publique (RDSP) coordonné par l’École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP)
The thesis examines the emergence and handling of ethical dilemmas in the caregiving work of nursing assistants. To do this, it mobilizes three types of materials, corresponding to the three parts of the manuscript.The first part situates the work practices of nursing assistants in service, which allows for the contextualization of dilemmas within the practices that give rise to them, and highlights the persistence of an asymmetry in care, to the detriment of those being cared for (sick individuals, patients, service users, etc.).The second part historicizes both the ordinary categories and the analytical categories associated with morality. It enables an understanding of the coexistence of moral norms in caregiving that sometimes contradict each other, deconstructs the usage of the terms ethics and morality, and develops a theoretical framework suited for the study of moral dilemmas in care.The third part focuses on how ethical dilemmas are addressed in nursing assistant training. Training serves as both a privileged observation site, a moment of professional socialization, and a framework that encourages reflection on care practices and norms. This third part specifically aims to capture the conditions, effects, and limiting factors of the increased reflexivity brought about by training.The thesis presents a central theoretical proposition: the caregiver-patient relationship is the product of a social relationship of vulnerability, which organizes the asymmetry between nursing assistants and patients to the detriment of the latter. The moral dilemmas arising from refusals of care are likely to challenge this asymmetry when they provoke an increase in ethical reflexivity among caregivers. However, this critical movement is hindered by an individualistic interpretive framework that naturalizes the moral norms of care and shifts responsibility onto nursing assistants. As a result, nursing assistants often find themselves alone in facing refusals of care.This research was supported by a doctoral contract carried out at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, through the doctoral network in public health (RDSP) coordinated by the École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique (EHESP)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

SCIASCIA, Maria Giovanna. "IL RAPPORTO DI LAVORO INDECENTE E LA VULNERABILITà SOCIALE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/10447/556024.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Una riflessione più attenta sul tema dello sfruttamento del lavoro e, più nello specifico, sulle pratiche contrarie al lavoro dignitoso, oggi è suggerita dal contesto economico e sociale e dalla precarizzazione dell’occupazione, il cui effetto è quello di produrre una corrente svalutazione del lavoratore.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Coulomb, Laureline. "Entre négociations et malentendus : l'interaction entre soignants et soignés sans-domicile". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG008/document.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Les personnes sans-domicile présentent de manière générale un état de santé dégradé et leur espérance de vie est de loin inférieure à celle de la population logée. Leurs interactions avec les soignants sont traversées de nombreux malentendus qui portent sur leurs rapports au corps, à la santé et au temps. La relation de soin est ainsi problématique et risque de déboucher sur des conflits que chacun tente pourtant d’éviter via des processus de négociation. Notre recherche développe ce paradoxe : alors que les négociations cherchent à pallier les difficultés créées par les nombreux malentendus entre soignants et soignés sans-domicile, le compromis qu’ils mettent au point consiste précisément à maintenir ces malentendus. Notre thèse conjugue une approche compréhensive et interactionniste. Elle se fonde sur un travail de terrain par observations et entretiens, menés à la fois avec des soignants et des soignés sans-domicile
Homeless people commonly have poor health status and their life expectancy is much shorter than the general population. Their interaction with healthcare professionals is characterised by various misunderstandings, which deal with the different relationships that these actors have with body, health and time. Their interaction is thus problematic and may lead to conflict. However, they are both trying to avoid conflict through negotiation. The aim of this thesis is to develop this paradox: while those negotiations try to prevent the difficulties created by their misunderstandings, the compromise they build consists precisely in maintaining those misunderstandings. This thesis uses a comprehensive and interactionist approach. It is grounded on data collected through observations and interviews held with both homeless people and healthcare workers

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Charlot, Bernard. "Du rapport social au savoir". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100301.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Lough, Emma Fiona. "Social vulnerability in Williams syndrome". Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11878/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This thesis focused on the high levels of social vulnerability experienced by individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS). The investigation began with parent interviews about social approach behaviour, with parents emphasising the lack of awareness of social boundaries that many individuals with WS display. The qualitative analysis also highlighted the within-syndrome variability in the parental accounts, prompting discussion on the heterogeneity of the WS social profile. Based on the atypical social approach behaviour described by parents, the subsequent studies addressed issues of personal space and interpersonal distance. Using a parent report questionnaire, it was found that children with WS were more likely to violate the personal space of others. This was followed up with a stop-distance paradigm which showed that children with WS failed to regulate their distance based on familiarity, and stood the same distance from a stranger as they did their parent, which was not the case for typically developing individuals. Given these findings, the research progressed to explore the issue of trust in WS. It was found that children with WS displayed higher levels of trust behaviour, compared to their mental age matched typically developing peers and struggled to decipher trustworthiness from faces. Taken together, these findings seem to suggest that children with WS could be experiencing high levels of social vulnerability on a daily basis. It is widely accepted that this social vulnerability continues into adulthood, with increased levels of both independence and isolation posing a new set of challenges. The subsequent chapter probed the level of insight that adults with WS had about their own vulnerability. Using the Social Vulnerability Questionnaire, it was found that adults with WS consistently reported lower levels of vulnerability, compared to parent reports. This emphasised the need for multi-informant methods, and called for interventions which target self-awareness in order to increase intervention efficacy. The final chapters looked at how this social vulnerability manifests in the online environment. It was found that adults with WS frequently use the Internet and the majority visit social networking sites every day or almost every day, with little parental supervision or oversight. These individuals were more likely to agree to engage in socially risky behaviours (e.g. meeting an “online friend” in person) compared to risky behaviours that were not social in nature when online (e.g. giving out passwords). A case study interview with an adult with WS and their parent highlighted that this individual held a broad definition of what a friend was and found they used the Internet as a tool to expand their social network, which was of great concern to their parent. The findings included in this thesis provide in-depth information relating to social vulnerability in WS and offer the first insights into online social behaviour and online vulnerability in adults with WS. The theoretical and real-world implications of these findings are emphasised throughout and a number of suggestions are made to help the research progress towards intervention development.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Stålberg, Gabriella. "Vulnerability and Social Functioning in Schizophrenia". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Psykiatri, Akademiska sjukhuset, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209626.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This thesis offers a broad approach in elucidating biological risk factors, as well as psychological and social functioning in schizophrenia. The aims are as follows: (I) investigate the association between birth characteristics and schizophrenia, (II) study the association between levels of neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y (NPY) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), social function and longitudinal outcome in schizophrenia, (III) compare social functioning of patients with schizophrenia with their biological siblings and (IV) explore how siblings to patients with schizophrenia perceive the sibling relationship and their role. Paper I was a cohort analysis of 11,360 same-sexed twins in which obstetric records were used. Low birth weight and small head circumference were associated with later development of schizophrenia. To some extent the results persisted in the within-pair analyses conducted on 82 pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Fifty-six patients with schizophrenia were included in paper II. Levels of NPY in CSF correlated to social competence at index admission. For each standard deviation increase in baseline NPY, there was a concomitant increased risk of being unemployed, having moderate or severe symptoms or recent hospitalization at the 3-year follow-up. In paper III, social functioning was investigated using the Swedish version of the videotaped test Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (AIPSS) in 70 participants (25 patients with schizophrenia, 20 siblings and 25 randomly selected controls). The patients presented severe deficits in social functioning. The siblings expressed subtle impairments in nonverbal language but did not generally differ from the controls. To explore the siblings’ perspective on schizophrenia a qualitative study was conducted with interviews of 16 siblings in paper IV. A unifying major theme was an emotional sibling bond. Siblings developed several coping patterns, including avoidance, isolation, normalization, care giving and grieving. A third major theme consisted of the fear of inheriting schizophrenia. In conclusion, fetal growth, altered levels of NPY in CSF and subtle impairments in nonverbal social behavior might be important risk factors in schizophrenia. Patients with schizophrenia revealed extensive impaired social functioning, and from the siblings’ perspective, a brother or sister’s diagnosis of schizophrenia seems to have a profound psychological impact on the siblings.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Adger, William Neil. "Social vulnerability to climate change in Vietnam". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389394.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Thiault, Lauric. "Social-ecological vulnerability : from assessment to action". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066352/document.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

La science et la pratique contemporaines en matière de gestion durable des ressources naturelles vivantes doivent prendre en compte la complexité des systèmes socio-écologiques et tirer profit des récentes avancées théoriques et appliquées réalisées dans diverses disciplines. Cela peut notamment être effectué en intégrant cette connaissance approfondie dans la gestion et la prise de décision par le biais de cadres intégratifs et opérationnels. Sur la base de cas d'études contrastés, mais complémentaires (pêche lagonaire récifale à Moorea, en Polynésie française; pêche benthique artisanale au Chili; et systèmes alimentaires globaux), et en s'appuyant sur le développement récent des sciences socio-écologiques, nous avons étendu l'utilisation du concept de vulnérabilité socio-écologique pour (1) cartographier les interdépendances entre l’Homme et la nature dans le contexte des interactions pêcheur-ressource, (2) intégrer la dimension temporelle, (3) tenir compte de multiples facteurs de changement et de (4) leur impact sur diverses entités du système considéré. Ce travail interdisciplinaire a servi de fondement à la représentation des liens clés dans les systèmes socio-écologiques, à la compréhension des sources sous-jacentes de non-durabilité et à l'établissement d'un ensemble de mesures de gestion ciblées et contextuelles. Cette thèse fournit une nouvelle perspective sur les liens entre l'homme et la nature et possède un certain nombre d'implications pratiques pour les gestionnaires, les planificateurs de la conservation et les décideurs qui cherchent à intégrer une perspective socio-écologique pour aborder les problèmes de gestion des ressources
Contemporary sustainability science and practice must embrace the complexity of social-ecological systems and capitalize on the lessons learned from the recent theoretical and applied advances made in various disciplines. This can be accomplished in particular by incorporating this extensive knowledge into management and decision making through integrative and operational frameworks. Based on contrasting but complementary case studies (coral reef fishery in Moorea, French Polynesia; artisanal benthic fishery in Chile and global food systems), and drawing from the recent development in social-ecological science, we extended the use of the social-ecological vulnerability framework by (1) mapping human-nature dependencies in the context of resource-user interactions, (2) integrating the temporal dimension, (3) accounting for multiple drivers of change and (4) their impact on diverse entities of the system considered. This interdisciplinary work provided the foundation to represent key linkages in social-ecological systems, understand the underlying sources of unsustainability, and address these through a set of targeted and context-grounded management interventions and policy actions. This thesis provides a new perspective on human-nature linkages and has a number practical implications for managers, conservation planners, and policy-makers that seek to incorporate a social-ecological perspective to tackle sustainability issues from local to global scales

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Guignard, Séverin. "Rapport au temps, rapport au social : Perspectives sociocognitives dans l’étude de l’expérience du temps futur". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3113.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Le présent travail développe une approche sociocognitive de la Perspective Temporelle Future (PTF), tel que ce construit est mesuré par l’échelle ZTPI (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser la normativité de ce construit et d’explorer les dimensions liées à l’expérience du temps psychologique futur. Une démarche de triangulation a été menée dans une double perspective : produire une analyse multi-niveaux de la normativité associée à la PTF et développer une réflexion théorico-méthodologique concernant la mesure de ce construit. Une première série d’études expérimentales mobilisant l’approche sociocognitive des normes sociales (Dubois, 2003) démontre une valorisation importante de la PTF dans des contextes évaluatifs. Une seconde série d’études utilisant une méthodologie mixte (paradigmes des juges et construits socio-représentationnels) analyse les dynamiques normatives de la PTF dans des situations socialement marquées (i.e. contexte de santé). Enfin, une recherche socio-représentationnelle par entretien étudie l’expérience du temps psychologique futur en tant que forme d’expérience sociale (Jodelet, 2006). En envisageant la PTF sous différentes perspectives sociocognitives, ces travaux apportent une contribution au domaine de recherche du rapport au temps (mesure de la PTF et fonctionnements idéologiques). D’autre part, ce travail pose les bases d’une approche sociocognitive de la PTF en tant que norme sociale
The present work develops a sociocognitive approach of Future Time Perspective (FTP), as this construct is measured by the ZTPI scale (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). The aim of this thesis is the analysis of this construct’s normativity and the exploration of the dimensions related to future psychological time experience. A triangulation approach has been conducted in a double perspective: its aim is to produce a multi-level analysis of normativity associated to FTP as well as to develop a theoretical and methodological thought on this construct’s measurement. A first series of experimental studies using the sociocognitive approach to social norms (Dubois, 2003) reveals an important value of FTP in evaluative contexts. A second series of studies using mixt methodology (judge paradigms and socio-representational constructs) analyses FTP’s normative dynamics in socially relevant situations (i.e. health context). Finally, a socio-representational research with interviews focuses on future psychological time experience as a form of social experience (Jodelet, 2006). Considering FTP under several sociocognitive perspectives, this thesis contributes towards the research field on relation to time (FTP measurement and ideological logics). This work lays also the foundation of a sociocognitive approach of FTP as a social norm

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Villalba, Daniella K. "The Effect of Rapport Building in Police Interrogations: Can Rapport Improve the Diagnosticity of Confession Evidence?" FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1700.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Police investigators rely heavily on eliciting confessions from suspects to solve crimes and prosecute offenders. Therefore, it is essential to develop evidence-based interrogation techniques that will motivate guilty suspects to confess but minimize false confessions from the innocent. Currently, there is little scientific support for specific interrogation techniques that may increase true confessions and decrease false confessions. Rapport building is a promising possibility. Despite its recommendation in police interrogation guidelines, there is no scientific evidence showing the effect of rapport building in police interrogations. The current study examined, experimentally, whether using rapport as an interrogation technique would influence participants’ decisions to confess to a wrongdoing. It was hypothesized that building rapport with participants would lead to more true confessions and fewer false confessions than not building rapport. One hundred and sixty nine undergraduates participated in the study. Participants worked on logic problems together and individually, with a study confederate. The confederate asked half of the participants for help in one of the individual problems – effectively breaking the rules of the study. After working on these problems, a research assistant playing the role of interviewer came into the room, built rapport or not with participants, accused all participants of cheating by sharing answers on the individual problems, and asked them to sign a statement admitting their guilt. Results indicated that guilty participants were more likely to sign the confession statement than innocent participants. However, there were no significant differences on participants’ confession decisions based on the level of rapport they experienced. Results do not provide support for the hypothesis that building rapport increases the likelihood of obtaining true confessions and decreases the likelihood of obtaining false confessions. These findings suggest that, despite the overwhelming recommendation for the use of rapport with suspects, its actual implementation may not have a direct impact on the outcome of interrogations.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

11

Telias, Simunovic Amanda. "Understanding vulnerability : three papers on Chile". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-vulnerability-three-papers-on-chile(da258b2d-b3f3-4eeb-b760-11b15b440c93).html.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Poverty eradication has been one of the most important, if not the most important, development goals of recent decades. It still represents one of the major challenges of our time. The first objective of the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals agreed in 2015 states: "End poverty in all its forms everywhere" (United Nations 2015). To meet the main objective of eliminating poverty by 2030, it has been recognized that protection must go not only to those in poverty but also to those who are in danger of falling into poverty in the future. Although vulnerability to poverty can be broadly defined as the likelihood of someone falling into poverty in the future, there is no agreement on how best to measure it or determine its impact on well-being. The main research question addressed in the thesis is: How can vulnerability to poverty be operationalized and measured? It explores this question empirically in three papers covering: (i) what are the shifts in vulnerability to poverty along the distribution of income over time; (ii) what do the measurements of vulnerability to poverty tell us about the sociodemographic characteristics of people in situations of vulnerability to poverty compared with those living in poverty and the middle class; (iii) what is the relationship between poverty, vulnerability and age and what is the role of social assistance in addressing these. The three papers take Chile as a case study to understand and measure vulnerability from three different approaches. Chile is a high-income country with a successful poverty reduction strategy but still facing the challenge of eradicating it. Most of its social programs are designed to reach the 60% most vulnerable sector of the population. The first paper employs a relative understanding of vulnerability. It examines population shifts along the distribution of income from deciles in poverty in an earlier period to deciles of vulnerability in a later period. Methods to analyse relative distribution proposed by Handcock & Morris (1999) are used to perform this analysis. The findings emphasize that poverty reduction can be accompanied by vulnerability reduction. The second paper measures vulnerability to poverty using the approach proposed by Lopez-Calva & Ortiz-Juarez (2014). This paper estimates the probability of falling into poverty and uses this to establish a vulnerability income threshold. The findings underline the differences between the group of people living in vulnerability, those living in poverty and people who belong to middle class. This paper contributes to the recognition of the group of people in vulnerability as a different group to those in poverty and the middle class providing the recommendation of different social programmes for these groups. Poverty reduction strategies should consider these differences. The third paper moves the analysis onto the vulnerable groups. It focuses on children and older people as vulnerable groups in need of state protection. A partial fiscal analysis is carried out following the guidelines of the Commitment to Equity Institute to compare the situation of these groups before and after direct taxes and cash transfers. It shows that current cash transfers have an age bias, being more effective in reducing poverty among the elderly than among children. The findings confirm the view that age bias in welfare institutions creates generational inequity in the allocation of public benefits. In the context of the general lack of agreement regarding what vulnerability to poverty is and how it can be measured, this thesis thus tries out three different ways to conceptualize and measure it.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

12

Jenelius, Erik. "Approaches to road network vulnerability analysis". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Infrastruktur, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4518.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

13

Mountain, Travis Patrick. "Life Insurance and Financial Vulnerability". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437387344.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

14

Bozorgui, Shohreh. "La construction du sujet et son rapport au social". Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082017.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

La démarche de cette recherche est existentielle. La notion de sensibilité élaborée tout au long de ce travail introduit ma méthode qui est une élaboration de la subjectivité par la séparation. Le résultat obtenu est ce mémoire. Ce sont trois entretiens réalisés par moi et Michel Lobrot chercheur à l'Université Paris 8 et psychothérapeute qui en constituent la matière première. Un de mes postulats, c'est de donner de l'importance à ce temps d'entretien pendant lequel l'individu est au plus près de lui-même et se construit par sa parole. Sa parole est sa capacité d'agir : ". . . La possible transparence entre la visée d'un je et la matière verbale en laquelle il se recherche et se reconnaît comme moi", écrit Christine Delory-Momberger. Le paradigme d'émergence du sujet est ici questionné : je propose d'explorer la séparation du sujet du social. L'élaboration du sujet est celle de la sensibilité. Pour cela il doit intervenir en lui-même et de l'intérieur. Le social est déjà là avant lui et avant qu'il ne devienne sujet existentiel. . .

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

15

Crooks, Donneth. "Development and Testing of the Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI): A Composite Indicator to Measure Social Vulnerability in the Jamaican Elderly Population". FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/186.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Over the last two decades social vulnerability has emerged as a major area of study, with increasing attention to the study of vulnerable populations. Generally, the elderly are among the most vulnerable members of any society, and widespread population aging has led to greater focus on elderly vulnerability. However, the absence of a valid and practical measure constrains the ability of policy-makers to address this issue in a comprehensive way. This study developed a composite indicator, The Elderly Social Vulnerability Index (ESVI), and used it to undertake a comparative analysis of the availability of support for elderly Jamaicans based on their access to human, material and social resources. The results of the ESVI indicated that while the elderly are more vulnerable overall, certain segments of the population appear to be at greater risk. Females had consistently lower scores than males, and the oldest-old had the highest scores of all groups of older persons. Vulnerability scores also varied according to place of residence, with more rural parishes having higher scores than their urban counterparts. These findings support the political economy framework which locates disadvantage in old age within political and ideological structures. The findings also point to the pervasiveness and persistence of gender inequality as argued by feminist theories of aging. Based on the results of the study it is clear that there is a need for policies that target specific population segments, in addition to universal policies that could make the experience of old age less challenging for the majority of older persons. Overall, the ESVI has displayed usefulness as a tool for theoretical analysis and demonstrated its potential as a policy instrument to assist decision-makers in determining where to target their efforts as they seek to address the issue of social vulnerability in old age. Data for this study came from the 2001 population and housing census of Jamaica, with multiple imputation for missing data. The index was derived from the linear aggregation of three equally weighted domains, comprised of eleven unweighted indicators which were normalized using z-scores. Indicators were selected based on theoretical relevance and data availability.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

16

Coquidé, Maryline. "Le rapport expérimental au vivant". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525838.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Le mémoire d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches du dossier de soutenance présente plusieurs travaux et propose une contribution épistémologique et didactique relative au Rapport expérimental au vivant. Les activités scolaires expérimentales relatives au vivant posent actuellement de nouveaux problèmes pédagogiques et didactiques, et doivent satisfaire de nombreuses contraintes (éthiques, pratiques et didactiques). Pour éviter d'avoir à trancher entre des options différentes, elles sont souvent conçues comme devant répondre à des finalités multiples, qui sont parfois divergentes. Face à ces diffi¬cultés, plusieurs chercheurs britanniques en pédagogie des sciences envisagent désormais de supprimer toute pratique expérimentale à l'école. Ils proposent de faire évoluer l'enseignement des sciences vers des "récits explicatifs", en ayant recours uni¬quement à la narration. Mais n'est-ce pas là un renoncement à une véritable éducation scientifique ? en totales divergences avec toutes les missions actuelles de l'enseignement des sciences de la vie ? Il apparaît indispensable de clarifier et de débattre des enjeux éducatifs, afin d'aider à faire des choix, aussi bien pour l'ensei¬gnant dans sa classe que pour le développement et le renouvellement des programmes. Le mémoire est organisé en trois parties : 1. L'expérimental dans l'enseignement de la biologie : approches et problèmes. 2. Pratiques scientifiques expérimentales du vivant. 3. Pratiques didactiques du rapport expérimental au vivant.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

17

Farrow, Andrew. "Spatial analysis of social vulnerability to the El Niño phenomenon in Ecuador : producing an assessment of vulnerability". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/19409/.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

18

Kempa, Ewelina. "Social media addiction : The paradox of visibility & vulnerability". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-1030.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

We currently post a large amount of personal information about ourselves on social media sites. Many times though, users of these services are poorly aware of what kind of terms and conditions they agree to. There are in fact many techniques available that ensure users privacy, yet not many organizations make the effort to have those in place. Making a profit is what matters for companies and information on users is highly valued. It is the lack of regulations regarding data collection that enable organizations not to consider their users privacy. The data that can be collected is vast, it is important to understand that everything we do online, every search, click, shop and view is stored and the information is many times sold along to third-parties. Using information on users, companies can make profit by for example making predictions on the users, figuring out what they are interested in buying. It is nevertheless very difficult to make long-lasting regulations as the web constantly changes and grows. A qualitative research was conducted to observe to what extent social media addiction and its consequences is being discussed and researched. Interviews with social media users were also conducted. After an analysis on the findings it is clear that many users in fact would like to have more privacy online yet they feel the need to accept the term and conditions any way. Many users also state that they happily would like to read the terms and conditions, had they been written in a different way.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

19

Flores, Ballesteros Luis. "Vulnerability and social risk management in India and Mexico". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45372.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-116).
The development of effective community, regional and national risk-management strategies, especially for systemic risks, such as natural disasters, entails understanding the determinants of social vulnerability in individuals and groups, and the factors that foster the adoption of specific mechanisms of risk management and, thus, the elements that supports an efficient implementation process. This thesis contributes to this understanding in the context of communities in developing countries by using data from surveys conducted in the district of Kalahandi, state of Orissa, India, and three municipalities in Mexico, each with a different level of socioeconomic development: Villaflores, Chiapas; Ahome, Sinaloa; and Valle de Santiago, Guanajuato. Using regression modeling of binary response variables, I tested the statistical association between the adoption of formal social risk-management and a number of endogenous and exogenous household characteristics. The results indicate that the likelihood of adoption of formal risk-management strategies increases with the level of the household's association, i.e., its affiliation with local groups; in addition, proximity to roads, financial services and urban-mixed use areas (markets), is less strongly correlated with the likelihood of adoption of risk-management strategies than the level of association, particularly in less-developed environments. These findings are robust to a variety of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and environmental contexts. Keywords: risk, social risk management, social capital, vulnerability
by Luis Flores Ballesteros.
M.C.P.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

20

Hayes, Sara Louise. "Volcanic risk assessments : integrating hazard and social vulnerability analysis". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2170.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The vulnerability of communities at risk from volcanic activity at Volcan Tungurahua, Ecuador and Mount Rainier in the USA provided the focus for this thesis. The research aimed to develop an integrated approach to risk assessments that combined both hazard and vulnerability analysis. In phase one, the study developed a novel methodology to assess volcanic threat that utilised previously published data. This semi-quantitative approach integrated measures of both hazard and exposure factors, allowing the relative threat to different communities to be ranked. By avoiding the complex quantitative analysis associated with traditional risk assessments of the multiple hazards associated with volcanic activity, this methodology may be applied where comprehensive historic and geological data may be lacking, as well as facilitating understanding amongst non-specialists and members of the public. The second phase of the research investigated human vulnerability, with an exploratory study carried out in Ecuador. This utilised a questionnaire survey aimed at eliciting an individual’s beliefs and attitudes towards volcanic risk, which provided the basis for a more comprehensive exploration of social vulnerability conducted in the USA. This investigated further the role of socio-economic features and psychological characteristics, such as risk perception, hazard salience and self-efficacy, in promoting self-protective behaviour, and examined the relative importance of these factors in determining vulnerability. The theoretical underpinnings of this research suggest that individuals with certain socio-economic characteristics may incur greater losses during a disaster, whilst perceptual processes may influence how an individual responds to a hazardous event. Little evidence was found to support the socio-economic model of vulnerability, which prevented the integration of the two research phases. However, perceptual factors were found to be significant predictors in the adoption of protective hazard adaption. This suggests that targeting risk mitigation and communication strategies to address these psychological constructs may be more important for reducing overall vulnerability than focusing efforts towards specific socio-economic groups.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

21

Picot, Geneviève. "Le rapport social entre médecins et infirmières à l'hôpital public". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS012S.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Depuis les années 70-80, le rapport social entre médecins et infirmières à l'hôpital public recouvre des modalités de construction différentes tant du point de vue des rapports sociaux de classe, de sexe que générationnel. D'une part, ces changements proviennent d'un double processus en cours, un mouvement de féminisation de la médecine et de masculinisation des soins infirmiers. D'autre part, le recrutement social des hommes et des femmes aussi bien en médecine que dans les soins infirmiers n'est pas identique. L'augmentation du nombre d'hommes ou de femmes dans chaque discipline s'opère avec un renforcement de la hiérarchisation interne professionnelle créatrice d'une segmentation interne à la fois sociale et sexuée. Une diversification des configurations sociales et sexuées selon les établissements, les spécialités et les services de soins est à l'oeuvre. A partir d'une étude de la division sociale et sexuelle du travail dans les services de soins ainsi que de deux monographies de service en pédiatrie générale hospitalière représentatives de deux configurations sexuées de ce rapport social parmi les plus répandues, nous dégageons certains aspects de ces nouvelles modalités de construction du rapport de domination entre médecins et infirmières. Les transformations de ce rapport social s'inscrivent dans un contexte de changement de l'institution hospitalière et notamment dans celui d'une juridicisation de cet environnement ainsi que dans l'exercice des différentes fonctions dans les services de soins
Since the seventies, the social relationship between physicians and nurses in public hospitals is construed in different ways according to class, sex and generation. On one hand, this relationship has been modified because of a still going on double process. More women are entering the medicine practice while the male rate in nursing is growing up. On the other hand, male and female physicians or nurses as well don't come from the same class as before. As the relative number of women and men vary in each field, the internal professional hierarchy with its class and gender divisions is reinforced. The work team structured along the class and gender lines are different according to the kind of hospitals and specialized branches of medicine. We realized a general study of social and gender division of labour in two hospitals and monographs on two paediatrics units based each one on the most usual gender configuration : male physicians/female nurses and male and female physicians/female physicians. Changes in that social relationship are related to the changes which occurred in the hospital system mainly because the pervasive presence of the law in the hospital structure itself as in the different medical and nursing practices

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

22

Jenelius, Erik. "Large-Scale Road Network Vulnerability Analysis". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Transport och lokaliseringsanalys, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24952.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Disruptions in the transport system can have severe impacts for affected individuals, businesses and the society as a whole. In this research, vulnerability is seen as the risk of unplanned system disruptions, with a focus on large, rare events. Vulnerability analysis aims to provide decision support regarding preventive and restorative actions, ideally as an integrated part of the planning process.The thesis specifically develops the methodology for vulnerability analysis of road networks and considers the effects of suddenly increased travel times and cancelled trips following road link closures. The major part consists of model-based studies of different aspects of vulnerability, in particular the dichotomy of system efficiency and user equity, applied to the Swedish road network. We introduce the concepts of link importance as the overall impact of closing a particular link, and regional exposure as the impact for individuals in a particular region of, e.g., a worst-case or an average-case scenario (Paper I). By construction, a link is important if the normal flow across it is high and/or the alternatives to this link are considerably worse, while a traveller is exposed if a link closure along her normal route is likely and/or the best alternative is considerably worse. Using regression analysis we show that these relationships can be generalized to municipalities and counties, so that geographical variations in vulnerability can be explained by variations in network density and travel patterns (Paper II). The relationship between overall impacts and user disparities are also analyzed for single link closures and is found to be negative, i.e., the most important links also have the most equal distribution of impacts among individuals (Paper III).In addition to links' roles for transport efficiency, the thesis considers their importance as rerouting alternatives when other links are disrupted (Paper IV). Such redundancy-important roads, found often to be running in parallel to highways with heavy traffic, may be warranted a higher standard than their typical use would suggest. We also study the vulnerability of the road network under area-covering disruptions, representing for example flooding, heavy snowfall or forest fires (Paper V). In contrast to single link failures, the impacts of this kind of events are largely determined by the population concentration, more precisely the travel demand within, in and out of the disrupted area itself, while the density of the road network is of small influence. Finally, the thesis approaches the issue of how to value the delays that are incurred by network disruptions and, using an activity-based modelling approach, we illustrate that these delay costs may be considerably higher than the ordinary value of time, in particular during the first few days after the event when travel conditions are uncertain (Paper VI).
QC 20101004

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

23

Sickmiller, Adam Byron. "Social vulnerability to natural disasters a study of Skopje, Macedonia /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1179513447.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (Master of Community Planning)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed July 16, 2007). Includes abstract. Keywords: Earthquakes; International Development; Disaster Planning; Disaster Preparedness; Community Preparedness; Albanians in Macedonia; 1963 Skopje Earthquake Includes bibliographical references.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

24

SICKMILLER, ADAM BYRON. "SOCIAL VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTERS: A STUDY OF SKOPJE, MACEDONIA". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1179513447.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

25

Beare, Robert K. Jr. "Senior leaders' experiences with vulnerability| A multiple case study". Thesis, Capella University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10127264.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

A multiple case study was used to explore the experiences of senior leaders with vulnerability. The leaders selected for the study were seasoned executives who consciously used vulnerability as part of their leadership style and who had extensive experience with a variety personal development processes. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 senior leaders from a variety of for-profit and non-profit sectors. The study provides insights that may be of practical use to leaders who wish to deepen their experience and expression of leadership, and to leadership development professionals who focus on helping leaders to be more emotionally genuine, relationally transparent, and able to take healthy risks. Though there are tangentially relevant theories such as emotional intelligence and authentic leadership, vulnerability is a new area of study especially as it concerns leadership, and this qualitative exploration may bring an important perspective to this emerging topic of academic and practical interest.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

26

Amsellem, Norbert. "Rapport au travail, rationalisation et différenciation sociales et culturelles". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA082.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

27

Abel, Lyndsey E. "Evaluating a Method for Measuring Community Vulnerability to Hazards: A Hurricane Case Study in New Orleans". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1213969721.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

28

Auletta, Jamie Lynn. "Disaster Vulnerability of University Student Populations". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3960.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Student populations at Gulf Coast universities and colleges are subjected to multiple forces working together making them an especially vulnerable sub-group to hazards. Research has suggested that college students represent a segment of the population that hazards research has frequently overlooked and maybe not fully appreciated in university emergency planning. Most prior research has focused on university disaster experiences, highlighting what went wrong, and what should be done but little research focuses on what is actually taking place. The primary intent of this research was to gain better insight into university emergency planning and identify areas universities have neglected with respect to students' wellness. Interviews were conducted with various representatives from university Emergency Management, Student Affairs and Residence Life Offices at universities in the Florida State University System. Universities were found to have neglected concerns pertaining to student involvement, assessment of hazards perceptions, language barriers, mutual-aid agreements, emergency housing plans and personal emergency plans of key personnel. The results from this study will help fill gaps in hazards and emergency management research and provide useful suggestions for improving university emergency planning and areas for future research.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

29

Calvo, Boyero Diana. "Social vulnerability, adaptation and conservation in the calakmul biosphere reserve, Mexico". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400280.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

El proceso actual de globalización ha contribuido al incremento de la dependencia entre las áreas rurales y urbanas, y ha resultado en un incremento de la volatilidad de los precios de los productores, una intensificación del cambio climático y un aumento de la presión sobre los recursos naturales afectando a los hogares rurales en todo el mundo. También, la proliferación de nuevas áreas de protección “inclusivas” y de incentivos para la conservación ha modificado el acceso y el uso de los recursos naturales y, por ende, los medios de vida rurales. El presente estudio analiza cómo dos comunidades que forman parte de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul, en México, se diferencian en sus patrones de vulnerabilidad y procesos de adaptación a las perturbaciones localmente percibidas. Con enfoque que combina métodos mixtos, la tesis investiga, primero, historias ambientales y actividades para identificar las perturbaciones percibidas cómo más relevantes para los medios de vida locales. Segundo, la tesis desarrolla un Índice de Vulnerabilidad (HVI en inglés) para medir la sensibilidad de los hogares a dichas perturbaciones e identificar los principales factores que afectan a la capacidad de adaptación de las comunidades y los grupos de hogares. Tercero, la tesis explora los procesos de adaptación a estas perturbaciones e investiga cómo las iniciativas de conservación influyen en la libertad de acción local para adaptarse. El análisis de las historias ambientales muestra que la propiedad de la tierra y las actividades de sustento son esenciales para entender las condiciones de vida pasadas y presentes, así como la percepción de la vulnerabilidad y la adaptación de los hogares. La variabilidad en las precipitaciones, la incertidumbre sobre los precios del chile y las regulaciones de conservación son percibidas como las principales perturbaciones para los medios de vida locales. El HVI corrobora el alto rango de sensibilidad hacia las regulaciones de conservación, resultado del impacto de estas regulaciones en los derechos de propiedad y acceso a los recursos forestales. La capacidad de adaptación se diferencia a través de los grupos de hogares, debido a diferencias en los derechos de propiedad y las características de los hogares, incluyendo la salud, la edad, el conocimiento, la motivación y el espíritu emprendedor. La presente investigación también muestra que la gente local se está adaptando individual y colectivamente a las perturbaciones climáticas, del mercado y derivadas de la conservación. Sin embargo, el débil sistema de gobernanza de las dos comunidades analizadas, caracterizado por bajos niveles de confianza, cohesión social y responsabilidad, dificulta el desarrollo de procesos colectivos de adaptación sostenible. La principal contribución de esta tesis es el análisis del impacto de las regulaciones de conservación en la vulnerabilidad social y los procesos de adaptación bajo una perspectiva de ecología política. La investigación muestra que las iniciativas de conservación estudiadas (la Reserva de la Biosfera de Calakmul, el programa de Pagos por Servicios Ambientales y el programa de Compensación Ambiental) posibilitan y limitan la libertad de acción para adaptarse. Dichas iniciativas facilitan nuevos medios de vida debido a la provisión de ingresos económicos adicionales, pero a su vez contribuye al incremento de las desigualdades entre los hogares, exacerbando los conflictos internos, debilitando la acción colectiva y, en última instancia, configurando los patrones de vulnerabilidad y los procesos de adaptación de los hogares. A través del escrutinio crítico de los efectos de las regulaciones de conservación, esta tesis pretende informar las políticas de desarrollo rural y de conservación de la biodiversidad para hacerlas más sensibles a la heterogeneidad de las sociedades rurales, en particular a las condiciones de vida y a las características de los hogares más vulnerables.
A deepening process of economic, social, political and cultural globalisation has contributed to increase the connection between rural and urban areas, and has resulted in an increased volatility of farm gate prices, an intensification of climatic changes, and an increased pressure over land and natural resources affecting rural households and rural environments around the world. At the same time, the proliferation of new “inclusive” protected areas and incentive-based conservation tools has modified the access to and use of natural resources and therefore rural livelihoods. This multi-faceted context has influenced rural households, which are undergoing rapid, irreversible and unprecedented changes. This research analyses how two communities part of Mexico’s Calakmul Biosphere Reserve differ in their vulnerability patterns and adaptive processes to locally perceived stresses. Using a mixed-methods approach, this dissertation investigates, first, the environmental histories and livelihood activities to identify the most relevant locally perceived stresses on local livelihoods. Second, the thesis develops a Household-level Vulnerability Index (HVI) to analyse household sensitivity to such stresses and identify the communities’ main adaptive capacity factors, as well as the main clusters of households. Third, the thesis explores the adaptive processes and responses to deal with these stresses, and investigates how conservation initiatives influence local agency for adaptation. The analysis of environmental histories shows that land tenure and livelihood activities are essential for understanding past and present living conditions, as well as households’ perceptions of vulnerability and adaptation. Rainfall variability, uncertainty about chilli prices and conservation regulations are perceived as the main stresses to local livelihoods. The HVI corroborates a wide range of sensitivity to conservation regulations, resulting from the impact of such regulations on people’s tenure rights and access to forest resources. Adaptive capacity differs across household clusters because of distinct tenure rights and characteristics of community households, including health, age, knowledge, motivations and entrepreneurship. The research also shows that local people are adapting individually and collectively to climatic, market and conservation stresses by developing activities based on exchange or rationing, while diversifying their livelihood portfolio. However, the weak governance system of two studied communities, characterised by low levels of trust, social cohesion and accountability, makes it difficult to engage in sustainable collective adaptive processes, e.g. community forest management plans. The main contribution of this thesis is a critical analysis of the impact of conservation regulations on social vulnerability and adaptive processes through a political ecology perspective. The research shows that the studied conservation initiatives (the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, the Payment for Ecosystem Services programme and the Environmental Compensation programme) enable, but also constrain, the local agency for adaptation. Such initiatives facilitate new subsistence and commercialisation practices by providing additional financial revenues to some households, but they also contribute to deepen the social differentiation across households, exacerbating internal conflicts, weakening collective action, and ultimately shaping households’ vulnerability patterns and adaptive processes. By critically scrutinising the effects of conservation regulations, this thesis aims at informing rural development and biodiversity conservation policies so that they become more sensitive to the heterogeneity of rural societies, particularly to the lives and characteristics of the most vulnerable households.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

30

Terti, Galateia. "Forecasting of flash-flood human impacts integrating the social vulnerability dynamics". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU004/document.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Au XXIe siècle, la prévision de l'aléa hydrométéorologique et des impacts associés aux crues rapides demeurent un défi pour les prévisionnistes et les services de secours. Les mesures structurelles et / ou les avancées des systèmes de prévision hydrologique ne garantissent pas, à elles seules, la réduction des décès lors de ces phénomènes d'inondation rapide. La littérature souligne la nécessité d'intégrer d'autres facteurs, liés aux processus de vulnérabilité sociaux et comportementaux, afin de mieux prendre en compte les risques encourus par les populations lors de ces épisodes extrêmes. Cette dissertation conduit une analyse théorique couplés à ceux de une analyse des accidents historiques mortels afin d'expliquer les interactions qui existent entre les processus hydrométéorologiques et sociaux responsables de l'apparition de vulnérabilités humaines lors de crues rapides aux États-Unis. Des données d'enquêtes liées aux crues rapides sont examinées afin d'élaborer un système de classification des circonstances du décès (en voiture, à l'extérieur, à proximité d'un cours d'eau, dans un camping, dans un bâtiment ou en mobile-home). L'objectif est d'établir un lien entre la conception des vulnérabilités et l'estimation des pertes humaines liées à ces catastrophes naturelles. "Random forest" est utilisé et est basé sur un arbre de décision, qui permet d'évaluer la probabilité d'occurrence de décès pour une circonstance donnée en fonction d'indicateurs spatio-temporels. Un système de prévision des décès liés à l'usage de la voiture lors des crues rapides, circonstance la plus répandue, est donc proposé en s'appuyant sur les indicateurs initialement identifiés lors de l'étude théorique. Les résultats confirment que la vulnérabilité humaine et le risque associé varient de façon dynamique et infra journalière, et en fonction de la résonance spatio-temporelle entre la dynamique sociale et la dynamique d'exposition aux dangers. Par exemple, on constate que les jeunes et les personnes d'âge moyen sont plus susceptibles de se retrouver pris au piège des crues rapides particulièrement soudaines(par exemple, une durée de près de 5 heures) pendant les horaires de travail ou de loisirs en extérieur. Les personnes âgées sont quant à elles plus susceptibles de périr à l'intérieur des bâtiments, lors d'inondations plus longues, et surtout pendant la nuit lorsque les opérations de sauvetage et / ou d'évacuation sont rendues difficiles. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'importance d'examiner la situation d'exposition aux risques en tenant compte de la vulnérabilité dynamique, plutôt que de se concentrer sur les conceptualisations génériques et statiques. Ce concept de vulnérabilité dynamique est l'objectif de modélisation développée dans cette thèse pour des vulnérabilités liés aux véhicules. À partir de l'étude de cas sur les crues rapides survenues en mai 2015, et en analysant principalement les états du Texas et de l'Oklahoma, principaux états infectés par ces évènements,le modèle montre des résultats prometteurs en termes d'identification spatio-temporelle des circonstances dangereuses. Cependant, des seuils critiques pour la prédiction des incidents liés aux véhicules doivent être étudiés plus en profondeur en intégrant des sensibilités locales non encore résolues par le modèle. Le modèle établi peut être appliqué, à une résolution journalière ou horaire, pour chaque comté du continent américain. Nous envisageons cette approche comme une première étape afin de fournir un système de prévision des crues rapides et des risques associés sur le continent américain. Il est important que la communauté scientifique spécialisée dans l'étude des crues éclairs récoltent des données à plus haute résolution lorsque ces épisodes entrainement des risques mortels, et ce afin d'appuyer la modélisation des complexités temporelles et spatiales associées aux pertes humaines causées par les futures inondations soudaines
In the 21st century the prediction of and subsequent response to impacts due to sudden onset and localized flash flooding events remain a challenge for forecasters and emergency managers. Structural measures and/or advances in hydrological forecasting systems alone do not guarantee reduction of fatalities during short-fuse flood events. The literature highlights the need for the integration of additional factors related to social and behavioral vulnerability processes to better capture risk of people during flash floods. This dissertation conducts a theoretical analysis as well as an analysis of flash flood-specific historic fatalities to explain complex and dynamic interactions between hydrometeorological, spatial and social processes responsible for the occurrence of human life-threatening situations during the "event" phase of flash floods in the United States (U.S.). Individual-by-individual fatality records are examined in order to develop a classification system of circumstances (i.e., vehicle-related, outside/close to streams, campsite, permanent buildings, and mobile homes). The ultimate goal is to link human vulnerability conceptualizations with realistic forecasts of prominent human losses from flash flood hazards. Random forest, a well-known decision-tree based ensemble machine learning algorithm for classification is adopted to assess the likelihood of fatality occurrence for a given circumstance as a function of representative indicators at the county-level and daily or hourly time steps. Starting from the most prevalent circumstance of fatalities raised from both the literature review and the impact-based analysis, flash flood events with lethal vehicle-related accidents are the subject to predict. The findings confirm that human vulnerability and the subsequent risk to flash flooding, vary dynamically depending on the space-time resonance between that social and hazard dynamics. For example, it is found that younger and middle-aged people are more probable to get trapped from very fast flash floods (e.g., duration close to 5 hours) while participating in daytime outdoor activities (e.g., vehicle-related, recreational). In contrary, older people are more likely to perish from longer flooding inside buildings, and especially in twilight and darkness hours when rescue and/or evacuation operations are hindered. This reasoning places the importance of situational examination of dynamic vulnerability over generic and static conceptualizations, and guides the development of flash flood-specific modeling of vehicle-related human risk in this thesis. Based on the case study of May 2015 flash floods with a focus in Texas and Oklahoma, the model shows promising results in terms of identifying dangerous circumstances in space and time. Though, critical thresholds for the prediction of vehicle-related incidents need to be further investigated integrating local sensitivities, not yet captured by the model. The developed model can be applied on a daily or hourly basis for every U.S. county. We vision this approach as a first effort to provide a prediction system to support emergency preparedness and response to flash flood disasters over the conterminous U.S. It is recommended that the flash flood disaster science community and practitioners conduct data collection with more details for the life-threatening scene, and at finer resolutions to support modeling of local temporal and spatial complexities associated with human losses from flash flooding in the future

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

31

Byars, Lise Elsu. "Conceptualizing Vulnerability: The Impact, Meaning and Human Response to Social Catastrophe". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1242235185.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

32

Dreher, Kevin Clark. "College Student Vulnerability to Harmful Religious Groups Based on Perceptions". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1957.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This study was conducted in an attempt to understand which, if any, groups of college students are susceptible to cult influence based on false perceptions. Religion is a powerful practice that, if used for the wrong reasons, can influence a person to dissolve social and financial relationships with family, friends, and the surrounding community. Surveys were given to randomly selected cluster samples of students currently enrolled at the university. These surveys consisted of demographic questions and a scale designed to measure perceptions. Also devised was a scale to measure traits of depression. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis showed that the depression scale was more significant than the perceptions scale in measuring vulnerability.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

33

Pearce, Christianne. "Storm Surge and Evacuations in Pinellas County". Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7885.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The purpose of this study was to determine evacuation decisions of residents in Pinellas County, a vulnerable area in Florida, during Hurricane Irma in 2017, and whether those decisions will impact their future decisions to evacuate. This study also examines the resident’s perception of storm surge flooding during a hurricane. To understand evacuation decisions and storm surge perceptions a survey was conducted on residents in vulnerable areas of Pinellas County. The survey examined multiple aspects including the role of media, relationships, and sociodemographic status on decision making. Another aspect examined if their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will impact their decision for the future. Residents were also asked to rate how different aspects of the storm influenced their decision, including flooding from storm surge. It was concluded that their decision to evacuate for Hurricane Irma will significantly impact their decision to evacuate for the next hurricane, with many residents claiming they would leave their local area. Storm surge was not perceived as the greatest threat, instead wind speed and size of storm were determined to be the greater threat. Better understanding of evacuation decisions and perceptions about storm surge can be used to update emergency management preparations and planning for the next hurricane.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

34

Tarquinio, Cyril. "Diagnostic social et rapport social : étude expérimentale de l'intervention des registres évaluatif versus descriptif dans le jugement social". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF20005.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Cette thèse a pour objectif de préciser les contours de l'intervention des registres évaluatif versus descriptif introduit par Beauvois et Dubois, dans les jugements personnologiques. 2 idées principales ont été développées. La 1ère est que la mobilisation de ces deux registres est fonction de l'existence d'un lien tangible entre la cible et le sujet, déterminé par un rapport de domination et de contrôle social que nous avons qualifié d'orthopédique. La 2de est relative à l'impact des appartenances sociales et catégorielles des sujets percevants. En effet, celles-ci ont été considérées comme autant de creusets posibles à l'orientation du sujet vers un traitement évaluatif de l'information personnologique. Pour valider une telle position, nous avons fait appel à deux groupes de sujets : le 1er (expérimental) composé d'assistants de service social et le 2d (témoin) composé d'étudiants. Les résultats montrent que lorsque le rapport à la cible implique une relation de pouvoir de la part du sujet, les descripteurs les plus évaluatifs sont massivement utilisés (dans le cadre du paradigme du lien entre mémoire et jugement) ou les plus accessibles (dans le cadre du paradigme de la décision catégorielle)
The aim of this thesis is to clarify the outline of the intervention of the evaluative versus descriptive registers in social judgement introduced by beauvois et dubois. Two main ideas have been developed. The first one stresses the fact that the calling up of these two registers depends on the presence of a tangible link between target and the perceiver, specified by a relationship based on influence (domination) and social control which the impact of the social and the positioning of the perceiver toward an evaluative treatment of social information. To ratify such a position, we have resorted to two experimental groups; the first one was composed of social services assistants and the second one of students. The results show that when the connection to the target involves an influential relation on the perceiver behalf, the most evaluative descriptors are more widely used (within the context of the paradigm of the relationship between memory and judgement) or more attainable (within the context of the paradigm of the differential decision)

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

35

Persson, Erik. "Om sociala sårbarheter i relation till naturkatastrofer". Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4646.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ge en forskningsöversikt kring begreppet social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer i allmänhet. Sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer har kartlagts och studerats vetenskapligt under en kortare period, medan social sårbarhet, som är en undergrupp till sårbarhetsfältet, har studerats förhållandevis lite. Genom att ta reda på vilka människor/grupper av människor som är mest utsatta för naturkatastrofer finns det en möjlighet för beslutsfattare att fatta välgrundade beslut om var förebyggande insatser bör göras, såväl som akuta insatser i händelse av en naturkatastrof. Tanken är att denna uppsats skall ligga till grund för en lokal studie 2009-2010 av social sårbarhet i en utvald kommun vid Vänerns strand. Vänern är som känt hotad av ökad översvämningsrisk i samband med klimatförändringar och vikten av att undersöka social sårbarhet där är stor. Det huvudsakliga resultatet är att social sårbarhet i relation till naturkatastrofer är bristfälligt kartlagt i vetenskaplig litteratur. Den metodik som har utarbetats för att mäta och hantera social sårbarhet i olika samhällen är fortfarande på ett experimentellt stadium. Att mäta och analysera social sårbarhet i Sverige är möjligt, om än med tydliga begränsningar, men det är av största betydelse att hänsyn tas till de unika förhållanden som råder på den plats som skall studeras. De variabler som används i utländska studier för att mäta social sårbarhet är förmodligen annorlunda från vilka variabler som är lämpliga att använda i Sverige. De studier som undersökts i rapporten använder sig av variabler som är lätta att kvantifiera. Kvalitativa variabler skulle sannolikt vara mer intressanta att mäta i en studie om social sårbarhet i Sverige.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

36

Waiton, Stuart. "Amoral panic : the construction of 'antisocial behaviour' and the institutionalisation of vulnerability". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1528/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Through a re-examination of the issue of moral panics, with particular reference to sociological work around ideas of ‘risk’ and a ‘culture of fear’, this thesis attempts to examine the emergence of the social problem of ‘antisocial behaviour’. Situated in part within the changing political terrain of the 1990s, the emergence of the politics of behaviour is related to the diminution of the human subject and the development of a therapeutic culture - both trends helping to lay the basis for an engagement by the political elite with the ‘vulnerable public’. These developments are traced through the 1980s and 1990s to illustrate the construction of the problem of ‘antisocial behaviour’, with particular reference made to the shift in left-wing thought from radical to ‘real’. Using the example of the Hamilton curfew in the west of Scotland, empirical research with adults and young people, and media coverage of this safety initiative, are examined to explore the idea of a ‘culture of fear’. The legitimation of the curfew justified by various claimsmakers is examined to indicate the emergence of the new ‘amoral’ absolute of safety. The experience of the curfew for the local people is also analysed and the contradictions between local concerns and those of the authority are contrasted. Finally, through exploring the changing meaning of the term ‘antisocial behaviour’ and its growing politicisation, the emergence of this social problem is related to the deterministic and managerial form of politics that emerged at the end of the 20th century.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

37

Gagné, Marie. "Identité et rapport au travail. Des différences persistantes selon le milieu social". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26094/26094.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

38

Gagné, Marie. "Identité et rapport au travail : des différences persistances selon le milieu social". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20731.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Les trajectoires individuelles, de même que les cadres sociaux plus larges dans lesquels elles s'inscrivent, semblent être marqués par une indétermination croissante dans la société contemporaine. Pour plusieurs théoriciens, l'époque actuelle se caractériserait par l'assouplissement, voire la dissolution des anciens rôles sociaux de la modernité, ce qui implique une plus grande variabilité dans les identités, de même qu'une responsabilité accrue de l'individu dans l'élaboration de celles-ci. Mais la défmition des identités personnelles s'est-elle vraiment affranchie de l'influence du milieu social d'appartenance des individus? Les résultats issus de cette recherche empirique de type qualitatif menée auprès de 29 participants de la ville de Québec permettent d'apprécier la prégnance des caractéristiques sociales, économiques et culturelles sur la construction des identités, particulièrement professionnelles. Malgré le discours sociologique ambiant, des différences notables dans la façon d'aborder le travail subsistent entre les divers milieux socioéconomiques.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

39

Bénollet, Philippe. "Principe de régulation sociale : le rapport structuro-comportemental dialectique, recherche expérimentale". Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO22014.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

L'entreprise doit s'adapter a des environnements de plus en plus complexes et incertains. Cette adaptation doit se faire en des termes organisationnels et manageriaux. Il ne s'agit plus de demander la contribution passive et disciplinee a des agents, mais de stimuler les decisions et les actions d'acteurs au plus pres des lieux d'emergence des problemes. Il s'agit de concevoir, d'animer, de piloter un systeme vivant complexe. Il s'agit de passer d'un management par le controle a un management de la regulation sociale. Les eclairages << classiques >> de la regulation sociale sont imparfaits, ils presentent une naturalite de la performance economique liee a la regulation sociale, ils ne valorisent pas les effets economiques de cette regulation, et les leviers et canaux de l'action qu'ils decrivent aboutissent a des impasses operatoires. La dynamique socio-economique repond d'une part aux points critiques qui grevent les canaux << classiquement >> definis, et d'autre part contribue a l'amelioration de la performance de l'entreprise par un veritable management de la regulation sociale. Cette dynamique socio-economique utilise deux leviers qui sont les structures et les comportements, dont la relation entre les deux est de nature dialectique. Cette nature dialectique permet de qualifier l'analyse socio-economique de pertinente pour rendre compte de la regulation sociale, le mouvement meme de cette regulation sociale etant dialectique
Companies must adapt to environments which are more and more complex and uncertain. This adaptation must be in terms on organization and management. What is at stake is not to ask for passive and disciplined contribution of the employees, but to stimulate actors' decisions and actions to get as close as possible to the roots of the problems. What it's all about is to design, to bring to life and to direct a complex living system. What matters is to switch from a controlling management to a social adjustment one. The << classical >> definitions of the social adjustment regulation are defective and deal with a natural economic performance linked to the social regulation, they don't bring out the economic effects of this regulation, and the ways and means of action that they discribe result in a deadlock. The socio-economic dynamics, on the one hand are an answer to the critical points which affects the << classical >> action means, on the other hand enables improvement of efficiency of the companies, thanks to a real social regulation management. Two levers are used : structures and behaviors, linked by a dialectical connection. This dialectical aspect makes it possible to look on as pertinent the socio-economic analysis to account for the social regulation because of the dialectical motion of this regulation

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

40

Carrino, Ludovico <1983&gt. "Understanding vulnerability and patterns of elderly-care in Europe : essays on formal and informal care, multidimensional measures of vulnerability and social exclusion". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6530.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This dissertation addresses two main challenges for the Economics of social protection in Europe, namely, the measurement of multidimensional vulnerability conditions and the interplay between the public and the family support to population in need. The first two chapters focus on availability, accessibility and utilization of long-term care (LTC) among vulnerable elderly adults in Europe. We review assessment-of-need and eligibility frameworks for public home-care benefits (in kind or in cash) in European countries and regions, and show that coverage of formal LTC systems is significantly affected by cross-countries and within-countries heterogeneities in the definition and the measurement of vulnerability conditions. Accounting for regulations heterogeneity in empirical analyses allows us to identify individual characteristics that affect access to home-care among the eligible individuals. Indeed, an important role of (low) education is found, as a predictor of potential LTC failures, i.e., situations in which individuals do not receive any public formal assistance, although being eligible for it. The second chapter investigates the trade-off between formal and informal home-care for vulnerable elderlies in Austria, Belgium, Germany and France. We focus on a direction of causality of high policy-relevance, i.e., whether an increase (decrease) in the formal provision of home-care would crowd out (be substituted by) informal caregiving. Difficulties arise in finding reasonable and valid exclusion restrictions for formal care which is a potentially endogenous determinant of informal-care. We adopt a two-part model introduced by Duan et al. (1983) where we instrument the utilization of formal care with an individual-specific variable, built on the analysis in chapter one, that captures the eligibility status to local LTC programmes. Using data from SHARE, we find evidence of a positive relationship between the two sources of care. This suggests the existence of a residual demand for LTC, unmet by public programmes (Stabile et al., 2006) that is satisfied by additional formal and informal sources. This also implies that proactive formal-care policies could lead to positive results in terms of healthy-ageing agendas, and that reductions in public LTC coverage should be planned carefully, as they can result in a net decrease of the overall care provided to the elderly population. Finally, the third chapter goes back to the methodology and rationale of measuring multi-dimensional socio-economic phenomena. In particular, we focus on the concept of Social Exclusion (defined by the European Council), a multi-faceted condition of weakness that prevents groups of individuals from taking part to an active social and working life in a community. Basing on a flexible CES framework, we show how different methodological approaches generate contradictory measures of Exclusion at regional level in Europe, primarily because of different strategies (and hidden shadow prices) in data normalization and aggregation. In particular, we argue that normalization is among these implicit forms of weighting and that it is often not made transparent enough, both in terms of how it is performed and in terms of its (economic) implications on the trade-offs which are intrinsic to any multidimensional measure. We then propose and develop an alternative measure of Social Exclusion at European regional level, with normalization parameters elicited through a survey conducted among the Ca’ Foscari Alumni of the Departments of Economics and Management in Venice.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

41

Gungor, Haki Zeynep. "Assessment Of Social Vulnerability Using Geographic Information Systems: Pendik, Istanbul Case Study". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1252196/index.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Natural hazards are the reality of today&
#8217
s world, which considerably affect people&
#8217
s living conditions. As they cannot be prevented, the basic precautions should be taken before the occurrence to protect people. At this point, the preparedness for any threat is really important, which does decrease destructive effects of the hazard for communities and shorten recovery interventions. In terms of preparedness, identification of vulnerable people in the community gives an important contribution for better planning in disaster management. In this respect, this thesis aims to develop a methodology in order to define vulnerable groups in terms of their social conditions for any possible hazard, with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. Moreover, the thesis aims to find out an interrelation between hazards and vulnerability, to build awareness about identification of socially vulnerable groups in the pre- and post-disaster planning. A case study area is selected in earthquake-prone Pendik, Istanbul, in order to find the contribution of the assessment. A study is carried out to describe social vulnerability levels in the study area using GIS. Criterion standardization, weighting and combining are accomplished by multi criteria evaluation methods. These calculations are supported with five explorative spatial data analyses to understand global trends and spatial interactions of the study data. The objectivity of the assessment and the complicated structure of the study data are also discussed. The main outcomes of the methodology and its applications in the case study area show that, the southeast part of Pendik is socially vulnerable to any possible hazard.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

42

Pruitt, Cenate. "Not Just A "Place For Friends": Teenagers, Social Networks, and Identity Vulnerability". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/60.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This study is an empirical analysis of adolescents' risk management on internet social network sites such as Facebook and MySpace. Using a survey of 935 U.S. adolescents gathered by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, I investigate the influence of offline social networks on online socialization, as well as the impact of parental and self mediation tactics on risky online information-sharing practices. Overall, the relationship between offline social network strength and online communications methods was inconclusive, with results suggesting that most teens use online communications in similar ways, regardless of offline connectedness. Some relationships were discovered between parental and individual mediation tactics and risky online information sharing, largely supporting the use of active mediation techniques by parents and informed control of shared information by individual users. User demographics had a strong effect on risky information sharing, with gender and age playing a significant role. This study also offers some suggestions for parents and policy-makers interested in the topic.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

43

Pelling, Mark. "A political ecology of urban flood hazard and social vulnerability in Guyana". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263908.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

During the 1990s vulnerability analysis has brought political ecology into the study of hazards, and in so doing allowed the study of risk in society/environment relations to engage more directly with broader issues of social science interest. This approach acknowledges that hazards are the product of risk and vulnerability but focuses primarily on the ways in which social organisation influences the distribution of hazard impacts; when and where risk becomes hazard, who is affected. if and how people respond and the extent to which hazard events may provide opportunities for, as well as constraints on, society. The vulnerabilities approach rests upon two key conceptual tools, the Pressure and Release Model and the Access Model, which were designed for use in exploring a wide variety of stressful events. Their utility in an urban flood hazard context is, however, limited because of a lack of meso-level conceptual tools and models. This weakness was overcome by bringing in a range of tools from the urban management literature which can also be combined within a political ecology frame. For the 90% of the Guyanese population, resident on the Atlantic coastal plain. flood hazard as a consequence of episodic and everyday events is an ongoing problem manifesting in collective and individual vulnerabilities, and a problem which is likely to become more acute as a consequence of global climate change. This project sought both to identify superficial experiences of hazard and vulnerability, and the deeper human and physical processes producing risk and vulnerability. National level experience and vulnerability indicators were gathered from a review of secondary data from the press, consultants' reports and government and academic publications. Following this, the first stage of primary field research identified the extent to which vulnerability indicators were associated with observed vulnerability and flood impact in both urban and peri-urban case studies. The second stage of field research examined local social/political-economic relations and their role in directing the flow of resources for environmental management and, consequently, in shaping distributions of vulnerability within the case study areas. For households in peri-urban and urban neighbourhoods economic and social assets are shown to be equally important for shaping the distribution of vulnerabilities; however, for low-income groups, and for squatter communities in particular, social assets are often the key to mitigating vulnerability. The importance of social assets at the household level contrasts with the weakened condition of social capital locally, and within Guyana as a whole. Locally, the low level of social capital was seen in a withdrawal of households from communal activity and a preference for investing in flood adaptation mechanisms within the household or extended family, and by topdown constructions of community and unrepresentative and unresponsive leadership serving to deepen dependency and alienation from the decision-making process. At a national level, government and public institutions are weak and ineffective, the private sector and civil society are undeveloped with few inter-sectoral linkages being maintained. Failures in social development and the low level of social capital are identified as key determinants in the production of vulnerability despite democratisation and structural adjustment which has promoted both privatisation and the funding of community sponsored development.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

44

Flores, Arenas B. A. "Essays on poverty, inequality, vulnerability and social policies, with reference to Chile". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1546486/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This thesis consists of three chapters on the empirical analysis of poverty, inequality, and vulnerability, and on the evaluation of public policies that attempt to reduce social inequalities in Chile. Chapter 1 presents a study of the impact of a new Chilean school subsidy, which is delivered by the government to state funded schools for each student who is identified as a priority in terms of her socioeconomic status. The empirical strategy relies on comparing the test scores of different cohorts of students over time. Suitable difference-in-differences and individual fixed-effect estimators are developed to compare the differential growth of test scores among three cohorts of students. Chapter 2 is aimed at analysing how peers affect the participation in family allowance for poor families in Chile called Subsidio Unico Familiar (SUF). Peer effects are analysed in neighbourhoods by exploiting variation in the information about social programs delivered by Chile Solidario program (CS), which is random for a subset of households. A regression discontinuity design is implemented by exploiting the fact that eligibility to receive the visit of social workers of CS was random around municipality level cutoffs on an index of wealth, and thus unrelated with other observable and unobservable factors which influence participation in SUF. Chapter 3 presents an analysis on how social interactions among low-income women affect their labour market behaviour. Specifically, the aim is to quantify the causal social effect of female neighbours’ behaviour on the individual decision of participating in the labour force. The model is based on the literature of discrete choice with social interactions and extends a standard model of participation in work by including the choices of female neighbours in the utility function. The empirical strategy exploits the geographic location of low-income households in Chile to identify neighbours of neighbours who are not closest neighbours, and their choices are used to construct instruments for the behaviour of closest neighbours.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

45

Richardson, Brian T. "Social Vulnerability and Bio-Emergency Planning: Identifying and Locating At-Risk Individuals". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248413/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

In 2006, the United States Congress passed the Pandemic All-Hazards Preparedness Act (PAHPA) which mandated that all emergency preparedness planning shall address at-risk populations. Further, in 2013, the reauthorization of this act, known as PAHPRA, defined at-risk individuals as "children, older adults, pregnant women, and individuals who may need additional response assistance." This vague definition leaves emergency managers, planners, and public health officials with the difficult task of understanding what it means to be at-risk. Further, once identified, the geographic location of at-risk individuals must be obtained. This research first uses the concept of social vulnerability to enhance the understanding of what it means to be "at-risk." Then, by comparing two data disaggregation techniques, areal weighted interpolation and dasymetric mapping, I demonstrate how error of estimation is affected by different scenarios of population distribution and service area overlap. The results extend an existing framework of vulnerability by stratifying factors into quantifiable and subjective types. Also, dasymetric mapping was shown to be a superior technique of data disaggregation compared to areal weighted interpolation. However, the difference in error estimates is low, 5 percent or less in 72 percent of the test cases. Only through local collaboration with community entities can emergency planners access the appropriate data to both: 1) understand the nature of at-risk individuals in their service areas and 2) spatially target resources needed to ensure all individuals are planned for in case of a bio-emergency.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

46

Berland, Alexander Jorge. "Extreme weather and social vulnerability in colonial Antigua, Lesser Antilles, 1770-1890". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29292/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This thesis presents an history of extreme climate events in Antigua, a former British colony in the Lesser Antilles, spanning the years 1770-1890. It employs a range of documentary sources from that period, including government, plantation, missionary and scholarly papers. Two major empirical elements are addressed: (1) reconstruction of the timing and magnitude of precipitation variability and tropical cyclone activity and (2) investigation of the implications of climatic hazards—principally droughts and hurricanes—for Antiguan society. On the basis of these analyses, temporal and social patterns of human vulnerability to hydrological extremes and storms are explored. Established methodologies for analysing documentary climate evidence are used to reconstruct two major chronologies covering the study period, one of relative annual precipitation variations and one of tropical cyclones. The former, which is the first of its kind in the Caribbean, captures nine major phases of drought and six of precipitation excess and corresponds well with two series of instrumental data from the 1870s and 1880s. The latter records 42 tropical cyclones—including ten currently not listed in published storm datasets—with several peaks in event frequencies matching those in other reconstructions of North Atlantic cyclones. Connections between findings and known oceanic-atmospheric drivers of regional climate variability are considered. Assessment of the societal consequences of extreme events centres upon three case studies of climate-related disaster in the periods 1775-1783, 1834-1838 and 1860-1880. Each corresponds with historical developments of regional importance—respectively, the American War of Independence, the abolition of slavery in the British Empire and major deceleration of the colonial sugar economy. The ways in which precipitation extremes and tropical cyclones affected human livelihoods in these distinctive socio-economic contexts, as well as how different groups reacted to them, are examined in detail. Evidence from the full study period is also used to highlight longer-term trends of impact and response, as well as the possible linkages between extreme weather, disease outbreaks and social unrest. Diverse structural factors shaping Antiguans’ vulnerability are explored, ranging from local topography to economic dependence on plantation agriculture. Three broad thematic divisions of the study period are then proposed: (1) the late 1700s through early 1800s, when recurrent international warfare heightened vulnerability by disrupting maritime commerce; (2) the mid-1810s through 1840s, when relative geopolitical stability and economic success reduced vulnerability; and (3) the mid to late 1800s, when vulnerability was again amplified, this time by the rise of laissez-faire imperial policy in the midst of burgeoning competition in the global sugar market. Within the Antiguan populace, the distribution of socio-economic losses resulting from climatic stresses is shown to mirror patterns of material inequality inherent in the race- and class-based colonial hierarchy. Though failing to radically alter these relationships of power and vulnerability, slave emancipation is argued to have altered their finer dynamics in important ways.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

47

Pannuzzo, Nelly. "Ostracism and social vulnerability : impact on cognitive control, emotions and fundamental needs". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20126.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

L'exclusion sociale est considérée comme l'une des situations les plus douloureuses pour les êtres humains. Les travaux dans ce domaine montrent que même de brefs épisodes d’ostracisme (paradigme du Cyberball) ont des effets importants aux niveaux neurophysiologique, émotionnel et comportemental, l’impact de cet ostracisme au niveau cognitif néanmoins n'a pas reçu beaucoup d'attention. Des résultats récents mettent en évidence une influence négative de l'ostracisme sur les marqueurs électrophysiologiques du contrôle cognitif, il n'y a cependant à ce jour aucune preuve directe d’une réduction de contrôle cognitif sous l’effet d’une exclusion sociale. Dans nos travaux nous avons étudié l'impact de l'ostracisme (Cyberball) sur le contrôle cognitif avec la tâche standard de Simon couplée à des analyses distributionnelles des temps de réaction auprès de populations caractérisées ou non par des expériences chroniques d’ostracisme (i.e., des étudiants ordinaires dans l’Étude 1, des personnes illettrées dans l'Étude 2 et des chômeurs de longue durée dans l'Étude 3). Dans les trois études, de brefs épisodes d'exclusion sociale suffisent à dégrader le niveau de satisfaction exprimé par les participants à l’égard des besoins fondamentaux (appartenance sociale, existence significative, estime de soi, contrôle des événements). Ces effets, cependant, s’avèrent réduits dans les populations chroniquement frappées d'ostracisme, suggérant leur moindre sensibilité à l'exclusion sociale en jeu dans le Cyberball. Plus important encore, cet ostracisme provoque chez les participants non stigmatisés une diminution du contrôle cognitif (Étude 1), mise en évidence dans nos travaux par un effet Simon stable (plutôt que réduit) sur les temps de réaction les plus longs pourtant les plus sensibles à l’expression d’un processus d'inhibition. Cependant, nos résultats ne montrent aucune différence de sensibilité entre les participants chroniquement ostracisés et leurs groupes contrôle (les Études 2 et 3), suggérant une certaine faiblesse du paradigme Cyberball auprès des personnes en situation d'exclusion sociale dans leur vie quotidienne. Nos résultats remettent donc en question la prédominance de ce paradigme pour la compréhension des effets cognitifs de l’exclusion sociale, au moins chez les individus caractérisés par un ostracisme chronique
Impact on cognitive control, emotions and fundamental needsRésumé : Social exclusion is considered as one of the most painful situations for human beings. Past research showed that even brief episodes of ostracism (the Cyberball paradigm) have strong effects at the neurophysiological, emotional, and behavioral levels, its impact at the cognitive level however did not receive much attention. Recent findings revealed a negative influence of ostracism on electrophysiological markers of cognitive control, yet there is no direct evidence that being socially excluded reduces cognitive control. Here, we investigated the impact of ostracism (using the Cyberball) on cognitive control using a standard Simon task and distributional reaction time analyses with non-chronically-ostracized and chronically-ostracized populations (regular students in Study 1, illiterate people in Study 2, and long-term unemployed people in Study 3). In the three studies, brief episodes of social exclusion had negative effects on participants’ self-reports of fundamental needs' satisfaction (belonging, meaningful existence, self-esteem, and control). These effects, however, were substantially reduced in chronically-ostracized populations, suggesting that ostracism based on the Cyberball is a bit less meaningful for those populations. More importantly, this ostracism caused a transitory reduction in cognitive control in the non-chronically-ostracized participants (Study 1), as indicated by a stable (rather than decreased) Simon effect on longer reaction times where inhibition yet is more likely. However, we found no evidence of a differential sensitivity between the chronically-ostracized participants and their control groups (Study 2 and Study 3), suggesting that the Cyberball paradigm is not powerful enough with people experiencing social exclusion in their ordinary life. Our findings therefore call into question the predominance of the Cyberball paradigm for our understanding of the cognitive effects of ostracism, at least in chronically ostracized-individuals

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

48

Roder, Giulia. "Flood dynamics, social vulnerability and risk perception: challenges for flood risk management". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427296.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The 2015 was a remarkable year in the global policy with the publication of three milestones: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement for Climate Change. The global significance of such documents raised interest in the understanding of the interaction between humans, the Earth and the climate, and the past and current development of disasters. Anthropogenic landscapes are one of the most sensitive environments to hydrological extremes, fluctuations and changes. Here, hydrogeological disasters such as floods are considered one of the major threat of our time, bringing negative consequences to the whole societal system. However, while climate change and socio-economic development are important drivers of flood impacts, human behaviours can alter the potential effects of a flood by undertaking protective behaviours. In this regard, risk perceptions are potential drivers of behaviour. Thus, exploring individuals’ concern about natural hazards provide essential information about people willingness to take precautionary measures and can, therefore, identify the major reasons behind the unsatisfactory performance level of current disaster management practices. This suggests that advancing our understanding of the hazard perceptions by investigating personal, social and cultural influences can help in determining people preparedness. Limitations of personal action in front of the risk might come from social vulnerabilities, those factors that increase the fragility of individuals toward a particular threat. In light of this, there is the need to create people-oriented management strategies, with governments focused on vulnerable groups, able to recognise local capacities, foster communication and create awareness campaigns to empower the citizens and mitigate the undesirable effects of such events. For this reason, this thesis proposes an analysis of flood and human interactions using historical and land use change data, participatory approaches and analysis of social vulnerability. Furthermore, this thesis would suggest possible flood risk management actions and policies in different anthropogenic communities. Different study areas have been chosen in order to tackle site-specific flood dynamics and capture how the socio-political and unique cultural background of each community might affect individuals conceptualisation of risk.
Il 2015 è stato un anno chiave nella politica globale con la pubblicazione di tre documenti fondamentali: il Quadro di Sendai per la Riduzione dei Rischi Naturali, gli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile e l'Accordo di Parigi sui cambiamenti climatici. Il significato globale di tali documenti ha suscitato interesse riguardo l'interazione tra uomo, Terra e clima simultaneamente alla frequenza dei disastri. I paesaggi antropici sono uno degli ambienti più sensibili agli eventi climatici estremi, alle loro fluttuazioni e mutamenti. Qui, i disastri idrogeologici, come le alluvioni, sono considerati una delle maggiori minacce del nostro tempo con conseguenze negative sull’intero apparato sociale. Tuttavia, mentre i cambiamenti climatici e lo sviluppo socio-economico sono fattori chiave che incidono sull’impatto delle inondazioni, i comportamenti umani possono anch’essi alterare e talvolta esasperare le conseguenze di tali eventi. A tal riguardo, la percezione del rischio di un individuo costituisce un elemento strategico per la definizione delle politiche di gestione poiché influenza la capacità del singolo di adottare misure precauzionali. Questa conoscenza permette di identificare le motivazioni che spingono le popolazioni ad agire (o non agire) in protezione da questi eventi. Si esaminano così le componenti personali, ma anche la struttura sociale, culturale e politica della comunità, che influenza tutto il processo cognitivo relazionato alle alluvioni. Tra i caratteri personali, ci possono essere degli elementi che amplificano la vulnerabilità verso tali eventi, rendendo l’individuo più esposto al pericolo e limitando la capacità di reazione. Tutti questi elementi sottolineano la necessità di una gestione integrata del rischio alluvionale, atto a riconoscere le capacità locali, aumentando la comunicazione, sensibilizzando la popolazione ad una cultura del rischio affinché possa prepararsi e mitigare gli effetti di tali eventi. Per questa ragione, questa tesi mira a proporre un approccio integrato alla gestione del rischio, proponendo analisi di dinamiche di piena e di cambiamento di uso del suolo, valutando il comportamento dell’uomo in relazione a tali eventi, attraverso analisi storiche, di vulnerabilità sociale e anche attraverso l’uso di approcci partecipativi. Inoltre, questa tesi suggerisce possibili azioni e politiche di gestione del rischio alluvionale in diversi territori antropizzati. Le aree di studio analizzate si differenziano tra loro al fine di comprendere come il contesto socio-politico e culturale unico di ogni comunità possa influenzare la comprensione del rischio e come si sono evolute le dinamiche di piena.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

49

Sundong, Samuel Natonaah. "Vulnerability, Poverty and HIV/AIDS in Bawku East Municipality of Northern Ghana". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-668.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This is a study about vulnerability and risk of HIV/AIDS in Bawku East municipality of northern Ghana. The main objective of the study is to examine poverty as a likely determinant of HIV/AIDS. It also includes other factors which are contributing to the risk of HIV infection in the municipality.

The study makes use of concepts and perspectives linked to the risk theory, the human disease ecology model and ideas generated from structuration, diffusion theory and place and time.

The triangulation approach which encompasses multiple methods of data collection included questionnaire administration covering a purposive sample of 120 respondents, 12 in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations. Primary data was complemented with secondary data from Ghana sentinel HIV/AIDS data, statistics on PLWHA in Bawku and other sources of data.

The relationship between poverty and HIV/AIDS is complex. The prevailing poor conditions have led to various ways of coping with life. The study reveals that such livelihood strategies might catapult the risk of infection of HIV/AIDS among the vulnerable. Women are more at risk and are likely to adopt risky sexual behaviours that could put them in high positions for infection. The study reveals that women’s socio-economic dependence on men constrains them in negotiating protective sex.

The study further reveals that there are a wide range of cultural beliefs and practices that fuel the spread of HIV/AIDS in Bawku. The high value placed on marriage and the recognition of many children, widow inheritance, arranged marriages, bridal dowry, polygamy, female circumcision and religious beliefs in particular weaken the autonomy of women and deprive them the rights to decision making in the household. Early initiation of sexual intercourse and the number of sexual partners involved is also reported to be very high. A regression analysis performed on possible variables indicated significant positive association between age and personal monthly income with multiple sexual partners. It is recommended that HIV/AIDS prevention programmes should not only promote condom use but also initiate projects that will address the socio-economic, religious and cultural issues that entrap people putting them at greater risk of HIV infection.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

50

Becker, Michael Henry. "Control, Learning, and Vulnerability| An Interactional Approach to Engagement in Violent Extremism". Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10682480.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

In criminological research, scholars present learning and social control theories as competing explanations for criminal behavior. While this has extended to specific offenses and analogous behaviors, it has less frequently been related to ideologically-motivated extremist behavior. This study considers the explanatory power of these two schools of criminological thought as they predict individual participation in violent ideologically motivated extremist behaviors using a recently collected individual-level dataset. A combination of Multivariate Imputation through Chained Equations (MICE), Exploratory Factor Analysis, and logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between theoretical measures and the probability of violent extremist behavior. Ultimately, this thesis finds: (1) having stronger social bonds is associated with a lower probability of violent ideologically motivated behavior, (2) the social learning of violence is associated with a higher probability of violent ideologically motivated behavior, and (3) these relationships depend somewhat upon the ideological milieu of the individual.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Social rapport of vulnerability"

Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos