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1
Guy, Carol Richert. "Perceived social support: Its impact on length of sobriety". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1967.
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This study examined the relationship between perceived social support and length of sobriety. In particular this study investigated whether higher reports of perceived social support had an effect on an individual's length of sobriety. Sixty-seven male and female residents of an inpatient alcohol and drug treatment center participated in this study.
2
Boldi, Juliet Suzanne, e Jamileth Lara. "An exploration of the role of spirituality in recovery from alcoholism". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1609.
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This study investigates the relationship between spirituality and recovery for alcohol abusers. The data was gathered by administering a survey questionnaire that explored background information, alcohol use and recovery, and spirituality.
3
Merlan, Julio. "Domestic violence, conflict resolution skills, and alcoholism: Treatment recommendations". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2015.
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Researchers agree that there is a relationship between alcoholism and domestic violence but theoretical perspectives have not established a correlation between the variables. Alcoholism and domestic violence are a manifestation of a complex system of family interactions characterized by inadequate communication skills.
4
Haggerty, Susan. "Parental alcoholism, early social support, and family environment as predictors of current adjustment". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40672.
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The present study assessed 351 undergraduate subjects on
dimensions of parental alcohol abuse, childhood family
environment, childhood social support, current coping style,
current negative life experiences, current psychological
symptomatology, and current indices of drug and alcohol
abuse. Results indicated that, while paternal alcohol abuse,
in and of itself, was not related to any of the outcome
measures, maternal alcoholism was correlated with one
measure of alcohol abuse and three measures of drug abuse,
and was independently predictive of a portion of the
variance of one alcohol abuse measure among subjects. Early
environmental factors (family environment and low levels of
social support), as well as current coping style and current
negative life experiences, were found to be related to
psychological symptomatology and to indices of drug and
alcohol abuse. coping style was also found to be related to
early family environment and to childhood social support,
suggesting that coping style may have its developmental
roots in early environmental factors. An interaction between
paternal alcohol abuse and disengagement coping style was
shown to be predictive of a portion of the variance of
subjects' alcohol abuse. Interactions between maternal
alcoholism and low level of social support were predictive
of a portion of the variance of subjects' drug abuse.
Master of Science
5
Miller, Geraldine. "The relationships between alcoholics' and nonalcoholics' attributions and their emotions of anxiety and depression". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/720281.
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This study is an examination of the relationships between alcoholics' and nonalcoholics' attributions and their emotions of anxiety and depression. The research design is an ex post facto/causal comparative analysis. Subjects were 150 white males. The treatment factor is separated into three levels: no treatment for alcoholism (50 nonalcoholics), two or three day treatment for alcoholism (50 alcoholics in detoxification units), and three to six months of treatment for alcoholism (50 alcoholics in a supportive living situation, halfway house, three-quarterway house). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) was used to separate nonalcoholics from alcoholics. The variables measured for the three populations are: attributional style (as measured by the Attributional Style Questionnaire-revised for drinking practices) and emotional state (as measured by the Profile of Mood State).One-way MANOVA analysis was used to examine the data because there are three attributional areas measured by the ASQ (internality, stability, and globality) and two emotional areas measured by the POMS (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection). MANOVA analysis resulted in a significant F. The three groups were significantly different at the multivariate level in terms of attributional and emotional states.Discriminate analysis was used to determine if the groups were reliably different. Both synthetic variables analyzed resulted in significant results. The first synthetic variable was labeled "emotional stability," and the second was labeled "specific causal attribution."Univariate analysis showed: (1) no significant difference between groups on the internal/external dimension or the stable/unstable dimension, (2) significant difference at the .01 level on the global/specific dimension when comparing alcoholics in recovery and nonalcoholics, and (3) significant difference at the .01 level on anxiety and depression levels of each of the three group comparisons.Pearson Product Correlations were examined to understand the relationships between attributions and emotional states for alcoholics and nonalcoholics. The stable/unstable and global/specific dimensions are positively correlated with depression and the global/specific dimension is positively correlated with anxiety.All the hypotheses were supported:1. Alcoholics in detoxification make different attributions and have different mood states than alcoholics in recovery.2. Nonalcoholics make different attributions and have different mood states than alcoholics in treatment and in recovery.3. There are correlational relationships between the attributions and emotional states for alcoholics and nonalcoholics.Some alcoholic treatment recommendations were made.Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
6
McDonald, Rodney, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University e Faculty of Social Inquiry. "Never trust a cop who doesn't drink : a critical study of the challenges and opportunities for reducing high levels of alcohol consumption within an occupational culture". THESIS_FSI_SEL_McDonald_R.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/276.
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Police culture often valorises 'hard' drinking, and in NSW police label their heavy drinkers 'heroes'. It is queried if there is some relationship between occupational culture and drinking style.It is found that much of the current theorising about the origins and nature of problem drinking, such as psychological theorising about stress, is inadequate to explain and address the extraordinary level of high-risk drinking among police.This thesis explores alternative views such as critical and feminist perspectives on police culture, constructions of masculinity, and mechanisms of 'enabling', to discover whether these might prove more applicable and more productive. The research also explores the matter of whether a case can be made for taking alternative ideas and theories into account in designing intervention programmes for specific occupation contexts, and whether they raise any policy and practical implications for addressing problem drinking within the NSW Police Service.Master of Science (Hons)
7
Brannan, Deborah L. "Effects of Daily Social Support on Tension-Reduction Drinking". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/764.
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Researchers have argued that in times of need having supportive, caring people available can make all the difference between achieving optimum health and well-being or suffering from mental or physical illness (Cobb, 1976; Sarason & Sarason, 1985; Thoits, 1986). The direct-effect model of support postulates that having the knowledge of available relationship resources (i.e., perceived support) and receiving benefits from those relationships (i.e., received support) both have beneficial effects on health behaviors and well-being (Cohen & Wills, 1985). According to the stress-buffering model, when stressors are encountered, the certainty of having available resources, as well as having tangible support resources, is hypothesized to lessen the negative effects of stressors (Cohen, et al., 2000; Cohen &Wills, 1985, Cutrona, 1986; Thoits, 1986). Most of the research that has examined social support effects on drinking-related outcomes has focused on the association between support and alcohol problems, particularly among high risk populations (those who are alcohol dependent, alcohol abusers, or adolescents). Yet, it could be argued that when examining drinking levels, not all consumption is harmful. Of particular concern is drinking that is motivated to reduce negative or stressful experiences. Individuals who use drinking as a method of avoidant coping, or reducing tension drink significantly more alcohol and be at a greater risk for developing later drinking problems (Cooper, Russell, & George, 1988). Research employing daily process methodology has been able to resolve documented methodological inconsistencies (e.g., Greeley & Oei, 1999) by examining the within-person processes between negative experiences and alcohol consumption (Tennen & Affleck, 1996; Tennen, Affleck, Armeli, & Carney, 2000; Mohr et al., 2008). Similarly, these methodologies have been useful to social support researchers in helping to understand social support as a within-person process rather than just an interpersonal event between two individuals. This research was part of a larger study about the influence of alcohol use on daily emotion regulation among 47 moderate-to-heavy drinking adults in the local metropolitan area. Participants carried a personal data assistant (handheld interviewer) for 30 days, responding to surveys three times each day (late afternoon, evening). Each survey probed supportive and negative interpersonal exchanges and drinking behaviors. Prior to the daily diary portion of the study, participants completed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List, a measure of perceived social support. For purposes of analyses, I examined the extent to which exchanges occurring in an earlier interview predicted subsequent solitary drinking at home using data from 2 of the three interviews (predicting evening and late evening drinking only). My analyses revealed that daily socially supportive exchanges had a significant direct effect on subsequent drinking at home alone. Interestingly, the daily supportive exchanges did not buffer the negative exchanges-later drinking relationship. However, my findings revealed that negative exchanges also resulted in a reduction in subsequent consumption, which contrasts previous studies that used similar methodologies but with heavier drinkers (e.g., Mohr et al., 2001). Further, perceived support was not related to solitary consumption. The results of this study indicate that in healthy adults, positively appraised received support directly reduces solitary consumption. This is an important finding given that received support is difficult to document. At the same time, my results showed that among these types of drinkers, negative exchanges may have a stronger direct effect than positive exchanges on solitary consumption. In non-clinical samples, such as this the relationship between social support and drinking is not straightforward. Thus, using a sophisticated methodology (i.e., daily process methods), this study was able to examine the relationship of drinking and social support on a daily basis; thus, further bridging the gap between social support and the drinking literature.
8
Abraham, Hanlie. "Family interaction patterns in maternal alcohol abuse: an application of Murray Bowen's family system theory". Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13669.
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The aim of this study was to explore and describe the intergenerational interactional patterns in a Coloured family where the mother has abused alcohol. Researchers have found that drinking behaviours of parents can have major effects on the children’s lives throughout generations. Substance abuse of a parent has major influences on the family, their interactions, and relationships, mostly between the parent and the child. There is a major gap in the study of the Coloured families and how substance abuse affects their families and children. The study employed Bowen’s constructs of differentiation of self, multigenerational transmission process, triangulation, emotional cut-off, nuclear family emotional system, sibling position, family projection process, and societal regression and utilized analytical generalization of the concepts to achieve its aim. The mother, an older sibling and maternal mother were the main sources of data although the perspective of the mother herself was privileged in the study. Semi-structured interviews were utilized to gather the data. This allowed participants to freely narrate their personal perceptions and experiences of interaction in both the family of origin and the current nuclear family. The research used a single case study of a purposively sampled family. The researcher is a Coloured female who had specific interest in this specific cultural group and their interactional patterns, which optimised cultural familiarity during the research process and reduced the likelihood of potential discriminatory racial bias of the participants. The findings demonstrate that perceptions of interactional patterns in the nuclear family and family of origin coincided with certain of Bowen’s Family Systems concepts, particularly, triangulation and differentiation. However, the need for further exploration of concepts such as the nuclear family emotional system and the family projection process in Coloured families are still needed in future studies. The findings provided insight into the functioning of the relationships and FAMILY INTERACTION IN MATERNAL ALCOHOL ABUSE interactions in both the nuclear family and the family of origin. Limitations of the current study are identified and recommendations for future studies in this field are also offered.
9
Mcconnachie, Karola. "Teachers’ understanding and implementation of inclusive education in an Eastern Cape primary school". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013150.
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Since 2001 the South African Department of Basic Education has been working towards implementing Inclusive Education over a twenty year period. This is in accordance with international trends in education. This study set out to investigate the implementation of Inclusive Education in a South African context by conducting a case study at an Eastern Cape no‐fee‐paying primary school. It looked at how the government policy, as set out in Education White Paper 6 (EWP6) (DoE, 2001), is understood and being implemented by teachers at the Welcome Primary school. The study further investigated the introduction of the National Strategy on Screening, Identification, Assessment and Support (SIAS strategy) (DoE, 2008a) to gain insight into how teachers identify and assess barriers to learning in an ordinary primary school. In addition it looked at emerging factors that could impact on the implementation of this policy. With 16 years teaching experience in ordinary and private schools and 19 years experience in a special needs school as a teacher, head of department and then principal, I have personal experience of the crisis in the Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education. This awareness provided the impetus and interest in researching Inclusive Education policy implementation. It is my view that only when we begin to grapple with the problems right at the source of the education crisis within the majority of the no‐fee‐paying schools that informed decisions about policy and policy implementation can be made. As I am able to understand and converse in isiXhosa, I was able to observe and experience the implementation of EWP6 and the SIAS strategy in a school that is an isiXhosa‐medium ordinary primary school and similar to the majority of ordinary public schools in the district. A qualitative research approach based within an interpretive paradigm using the case study method was used for this study. Semi‐structured interviews, detailed field notes as well as documents generated by meetings and education conferences helped me to investigate and refine my research goals. The research found that the implementation of EWP6 and the SIAS strategy posed a major challenge for the Department of Basic Education, and highlighted the significant gap between ordinary primary schools and special needs schools. However, the fact that there is a partial engagement with the process of providing inclusive education, does present some measure of hope for a better future for those learners that have experienced the injustice of exclusion from education and society. The Eastern Cape Department of Basic Education will have to ‘catch up’ to other provinces in its delivery of every child’s constitutional right to education in an inclusive school environment. Factors emerged from the study that showed that the assessment of learners’ barriers to learning with the resultant support needs was a relatively new concept, as teachers tended to rely on traditional classroom tests and simple informal classroom assessments to assess the learners. Teachers expressed a good verbal knowledge of learners with support needs but found it very challenging to put this verbal knowledge into a written document. In addition there was inadequate support from the District Based Support Team to implement the SIAS strategy. This study showed that the medical model of assessment was still being adhered to in the research district with little evidence of a move to a social model of assessment in terms of the SIAS strategy. In addition, factors emerged indicating the serious impact that alcohol abuse has on children and the society in which they live. The evidence of increasing numbers of children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in a single educational district is a matter of grave concern from an educational and financial perspective. It is my contention that this is a matter of national urgency and that the Department of Basic Education must confront the escalating problem of alcohol abuse and the resultant challenges of a large number of learners with serious barriers to learning that need to be included in the education system.
10
Escher, Furtado Luísa. "Le sujet alcoolique : l'articulation entre diagnostic, nomination et identité". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG019/document.
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L’analyse de l'arrimage de l'alcoolisme à la construction du sujet et la manière dont le diagnostic alcoolique peut produire des effets sur l’identité, nous a amené a élaborer trois hypothèses : l'étiquette 'alcoolique' peut avoir des effets dans le processus de production de la subjectivité; les effets subjectifs de la nomination sont liées aux usages que le nom« alcoolique » a dans de différents contextes historiques ; l'identification comme alcoolique est marquée par une recherche d’alliance du sujet à un réseau social plutôt que par le sentiment d'identité subjectif d'uniformité et de continuité de ce que désigne le diagnostic d'alcoolisme. La recherche de terrain dans des Centres d’addictologie et des Associations a abouti à la réalisation de cinq entretiens. L'identité alcoolique peut constituer des processus d'appartenance pour qui a une vie marquée par la migration; de résistance au productivisme, pour qui a dû travailler à l’armée et sur des chaînes de production; et une ouverture à l'amitié pour qui a souffert de ruptures affectives. Cependant cette identité peut cacher la singularité du sujet, lorsqu’elle sert comme explication close et clé à des conflitsThe analysis of the connection made of alcoholism to the construction of the subject and how the alcoholic diagnosis might produce effects on the process of production of identity lead us to three hypotheses: the label "alcoholic" might impact the process of production of subjectivity; the subjective effects of a nomination are related to the uses the name “alcoholic” have in different historical contexts; The identification as an alcoholic is marked by a search for alliance of the subject with a social network a lot more than it is marked for the subjective feeling of identity to a uniformity and continuing of what is designated by the diagnosis of alcoholism. The field research in addictology centres and associations derived from five interviews. The alcoholic identity might constitute a process of belonging for those who have their lives transformed by migration; of resisting productivism, for those who have to be in the army and in big productive chains and it could also be an opening to new friendships for those who have been through relationship break-ups. However, this identity might hide the singularity of the subject, as when it is used as a conclusive key explanation to conflicts
11
Mangham, Colin Richard. "Reasons for not drinking and pressures to drink : a survey of adolescent abstainers". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25464.
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Alcohol use among adolescents has been the subject of considerable research. A burgeoning literature exists identifying correlates and factors in teenage drinking. However, little is known about the adolescent abstaining from alcohol. The target of this study was this cohort of abstaining adolescents. The reasons for not drinking and the pressures to drink perceived among a sample of middle adolescent (grade 9) non-drinkers was investigated.
The study was a survey administered in three parts. First, an alcohol-use survey was administered to all participating grade 9 students in two school districts. A second questionnaire was administered to 72 subjects reporting non-use of alcohol on the initial survey. Thirty of these subjects were then interviewed.
Negative attitudes toward alcohol and drinking, a concern about alcohol's effects on health, and a dislike for the taste of alcoholic beverages were among the strongest reasons for not drinking given by the sample. The subjects' own attitudes about alcohol appear to be more important factors in their decisions to abstain than the direct influence of peers, parents or others. As in previous studies, religiosity was a strongly reported factor in the abstinence of a number (25%) of the subjects.
It appears that at least for this sample of non-drinking adolescents, the perceived pressure to drink from peers, adults, the media or society generally is very limited.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
12
Greer, Cathy. "Comparison of the prevalence of adult children of alcoholics between nursing and noncaretaking occupations". Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897488.
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Theoretical speculation implies Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) are drawn in disproportionate numbers to caretaking occupations. This study compared the prevalence of ACOAs between nursing and noncaretaking occupations. A cover letter, demographic questionnaire, and Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST) were distributed to a random sample of 196 registered nurses and 184 noncaretaking employees at a large metropolitan hospital. Seventy-nine nursing and 104 noncaretaking occupations respondents completed the questionnaires.Comparison of demographic data for nursing and noncaretaking occupations revealed similar composition regarding age, number of marriages, and race. There were more male, divorced, widowed, and first born respondents in noncaretaking occupations than in nursing.ACOAs were identified in 21.5% of nursing respondents and 19.2% of noncaretaking occupation respondents. Chi-square showed no significant difference between the proportion of ACOAs in nursing and noncaretaking occupations at the .05 level of confidence. Thus, the null hypothesis was not rejected. This study found ACOAs are not drawn in disproportionate numbers to nursing.School of Nursing
13
Redl, Donnie. "Factors in older adults' resistance to substance abuse treatment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2342.
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Alexander, Nevil. "The more we sell the happier we are: Comparison of responsible alcohol service in trained and untrained establishments in Perth". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1572.
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This research investigated whether training licensees and approved managers of Perth pubs and taverns resulted in more Responsible Alcohol Service (RAS). Specifically it investigated whether apparently intoxicated customers were refused service. Trained and untrained premises were compared using two methods. Quantitative data was gathered by observers posing as intoxicated customers (pseudo-drunks) while qualitative data was collected during interviews with management, staff, and patrons of trained and untrained premises. No significant difference in the service of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in trained or untrained premises was found. The interviews revealed no distinction between the attitudes and beliefs of management, staff, or patrons of trained or untrained outlets. A majority of management and staff was aware of laws prohibiting service of alcohol to intoxicated people but acknowledged that in many instances intoxicated customers continue to be served. A number of reasons or excuses were proffered. One frequently cited excuse was "if we don't serve drunks someone else will, so why shouldn't we profit from them?" Communities incur considerable costs in both financial and social contexts from the harms associated with excessive alcohol consumption. One means of reducing the severity and frequency of these harms is to limit the consumption of individuals during drinking sessions. Licensed premises have been identified as having a significant role to play in achieving this outcome. The director of liquor licensing in Western Australia has mandated Responsible Alcohol Service training for licensees and approved managers. This research studied the efficacy of the training. While the importance of enlisting the help of management in attempts to introduce RAS programmes has been identified in previous research, this is the first time the efficacy of training management alone has been studied. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge of what works in a practical sense by identifying perceived shortcomings of the current training programs and suggesting remedies to those shortcomings. It makes recommendations for future research which will contribute to a deeper understanding of the problem.
15
Kirk, Alice Joy. "The effect of explanatory style on the coping strategies of women in recovery". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3366.
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Wendt, Staci Jean. "Self-Efficacy and Drinking with Friends: An Investigation into the Drinking Behaviors of Japanese College Students". PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/293.
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Recent studies have documented an alarming rate of alcohol use in Japan (Eisenback-Stangl et al., 2005; Milne, 2003; Shimizu, 2000). Indeed, permissive social and cultural norms for alcohol use exist within Japanese culture (Shimizu, 1990, 2000). Japanese college-students may be at further risk due to their developmental time period, where increases in alcohol use are typically seen. Furthermore, drinking habits formed during this time period may be difficult to alter later in life (Frone, 2003). Thus, social, developmental, and cultural factors exist to influence drinking among Japanese college students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the drinking behaviors of Japanese college students and possible proximal predictors of use. Specifically, given the importance of social relationships and interactions to interdependent cultures, such as Japan, the occurrence of negative social interactions may be influential in predicting subsequent drinking, as individuals may increase drinking in order to adhere to the social norms and to make amends. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant and positive relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. Furthermore, the expected physical, social and emotional outcomes of alcohol consumption (alcohol outcome expectancies) have been shown to predict alcohol use among U.S. samples (e.g., Goldman, 1994), however, daily fluctuations in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies has not been previously investigated in a Japanese sample. Given the importance of fluctuations in desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies among U.S. samples (Armeli et al., 2005), this dissertation investigated daily fluctuations in the desirability of expected outcomes and alcohol use. Support for this relationship was found; on days with individuals experienced increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, individuals drank more with others. Support for the hypothesis that increases in daily negative social events would predict increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies was not found. Finally, this dissertation investigated two types of self-efficacy (drinking refusal self-efficacy and social self-efficacy) as stable factors of drinking. Drinking refusal self-efficacy significantly and negatively predicted drinking with others; marginal support for drinking refusal self-efficacy as a moderator of the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others was found. Social self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted drinking with others. No support was found for social self-efficacy as a moderating variable in the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. In sum, using data that was previously collected via daily process methodology, this dissertation investigated the relationships between daily negative social interactions, daily desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, and drinking refusal and social self-efficacy as moderators of alcohol consumption. Support was found for five of the seven hypothesized relationships.
17
Hinkin, Charles Henry 1958. "PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AMONG INDIGENT ALCOHOLICS (MMPI, SKID ROW)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276626.
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Aloulaqi, Mohammed Saleh. "Research study on laddering technique in depth interviews on alcoholic beverage consumption and brand preferences". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2376.
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This research study will clarify with facts and evidence that drinking alcoholic beverages is a social problem in American society. It will also focus on indepth interviews using the laddering technique on a small sample of eight respondents.
19
Liddell, Emmons Blaine 1955. "CHANGES IN PERCEIVED LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-REPORTED ANXIETY IN ALCOHOLICS DURING TREATMENT (ALCOHOLISM, REHABILITATION, OUTPATIENT)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275312.
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Proudfoot, Heather Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "DSM-IV alcohol use disorders in Australia: validity, prevalence and treatment seeking". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26323.
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Alcohol use disorders are common and make a significant contribution to the burden of disease throughout the world. This is especially true among the younger age groups. Although these disorders are common, evidence suggests that those affected do not seek help for their disorders. In order to understand this, reviews of the treatment literature and the epidemiological data on prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders and treatment seeking are presented. These reviews confirm that effective treatments exist and that screening in primary care can be efficacious. The reviews also highlight deficits such as the need for more epidemiological evidence on the validity of DSM definitions of alcohol use disorders and for more Australian data on the prevalence and correlates of the disorders and related treatment seeking. This thesis sets out to address these deficits applying sophisticated statistical techniques to data from a large nationally representative Australian sample. A confirmatory factor analysis of the eleven criteria that specify alcohol dependence and abuse examined the validity of DSM-IV definitions of alcohol use disorders and the best solution was found to be a single factor, not two as currently defined. These findings question the bi-axial nature of alcohol use disorders that has underpinned their definition since the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987. Data from this national sample also confirm that, in line with research from other western countries, Australians have high levels of alcohol use disorders, especially amongst males and younger people. Also no association was found between alcohol dependence and treatment seeking, and young people were least likely to seek treatment. However, a relatively large proportion of young people who drink had been in contact with their GPs in the past year; demonstrating that there is ample opportunity for screening and referral for treatment for alcohol use disorders in this vulnerable group. This research has found that although alcohol disorders are not necessarily associated with disability, there are those who can benefit from treatment. It suggests that outcomes for such individuals may be improved by better specification of disorders as well as improved access to best treatments.
21
Lund, Ulrika. "Treatment of alcoholism". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25817.
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Alkoholvården i Sverige kan vara utformad på många olika och skilda sätt. Det är ett område där det finns ett flertal olika åsikter kring vilken behandling som är lämpligast eller effektivast. Uppsatsens syfte är att titta närmare på hur diskursen kring alkoholvård kan se ut i Sverige idag genom närmare granskning av de två tidskrifterna Socionomen och Alkohol & Narkotika. Två stora tidningar inom praktiker av socialt arbete. För att uppnå syftet utgår uppsatsen från följande frågeställningar:-Vilka behandlingsmetoder för alkoholmissbruk diskuteras i tidskrifterna?-Hur problematiserar tidskrifterna kring olika behandlingsformer?-Hur lyfts för respektive nackdelar för behandlingsformerna upp?-Vad väljer tidskrifterna att lyfta fram i debatten kring alkoholvården? Som metod används kritisk diskursanalys för att synliggöra diskurserna i tidskrifterna. Analysen av tidskrifterna grundar sig på en analysmodell efter diskursanalytikern Fairclough och används främst för att synliggöra hur tidskrifterna förhåller sig till uppsatsens diskursordning. Diskursordningen som används är baserad på aktuell litteratur kring alkoholmissbruksbehandling och innefattar tre diskurser: Psykologisk, psykosocial och farmakologisk.Resultaten i uppsatsen visar att den psykosociala diskursen är dominerande i de båda tidskrifterna men att även den farmakologiska diskursen nämns. De behandlingsmetoder som tas upp är i de båda tidskrifterna kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) och motiverande samtal. Vidare visa uppsatsen att Socionomen efterfrågar en mer strukturerad, organiserad och evidensbaserad alkoholbehandling i allmänhet. Alkohol & Narkotika å andra sidan ifrågasätter den formella vårdapparaten kring alkoholmissbruk och beskriver den som otillgänglig och bristfällig. Som alternativ för att högkonsumenter av alkohol ska få tidig hjälp tar tidskriften upp olika självhjälps metoder grundade på KBT och motiverade samtal.In Sweden, the treatment of alcoholism can be shaped in many various and separate ways. The subject of area contains various opinions regarding what treatment would be the most correct or effective. The aim in this essay is to look closer at the discourse of how the treatment of alcoholism may work in Sweden today. This will be done by closer examine the magazines, Socionomen and Alkohol & Narkotika, that are large papers within the practice of social work. To achieve the aim, this essay will start out from the following questions of issue:- What methods of treatment are discussed in the two magazines?- How do the magazines questions the various treatments? - How are the advantages and disadvantages in the different treatments highlighted?- What chooses the magazines to highlight in the debate of alcohol treatment?As the method, to make the discourses in the magazines visible, a critical analyze of discourse is being used. The analyze of the magazines is based on a model of analyzing by the discourse analyzer Fairclough, and is mainly used to make the magazines relations to the essay’s system of discourse visible. The system of discourse that is being used is based on actual literature in the area of treatment of alcohol addiction and contains three different discourses: psychological, psychosocial and pharmacological.The conclusion of this essay shows that the psychosocial discourse is the dominating discourse in both of the magazines but that the pharmacological discourse also is mentioned. The methods of treatment being raised in the magazines are cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Further more the essay shows that the paper Socionomen generally asks for a more structured, organized and evidence based treatment of alcoholism. In the other hand, the magazine Alkohol & Narkotika questions the formal care unit’s treatment of alcohol abuse and describes it as inaccessible and insufficient. As an alternative this magazine highlights the methods of self- help based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing so that those that are high consumers of alcohol will get help at an earlier stage of their abuse.
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Peterson, Jordan Bernt. "Potential psychological markers for the predisposition to alcoholism". Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39261.
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Sons of male alcoholics (SOMAs) are at increased risk for the development of alcoholism, and are apparently characterized by other abnormalities. It is possible that one or more of these abnormalities might serve as a marker for the alcoholic predisposition. Research described in this thesis, conducted in the hopes of identifying such a marker, was designed (1) to separate the relative pharmacological and psychological effects of acute alcohol intoxication upon neuropsychological functioning; (2) to investigate the neuropsychological function of SOMAs with a multigenerational family history of male alcoholism; (3) to examine the relationship between SOMAs' neuropsychological function and their cardiovascular hyper-reactivity to threat of and aversive stimuli; and (4) to investigate the relationship between a number of cardiovascular response patterns and voluntary weekly alcohol consumption. These studies are linked conceptually, within the context of a general theory of information-processing and action.
23
Clemens, Camille Willette 1963. "Variables associated with alcoholics' long term treatment success". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276617.
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This study investigated demographic and personality variables, that counselors used in the selection of alcoholics for long term treatment and compared the completion rate for this group against completion rates reported in past studies, in order to determine if certain personality variables are associated with completion. The MMPI, Survey of Drinking Patterns and Effects, and a demographic questionnaire was administered to 355 lower class and "skid row" inpatient alcoholics from a North Tucson alcoholism treatment center. Results showed that counselors selection judgements approximated the characteristics of alcoholics who had completed long term treatment programs in past studies. Completion rates for this group studied were found to be moderately high compared to past studies. It was concluded that certain biographical and psychological variables can be used as selection criteria for determining alcoholics long term treatment completion. Implications for these findings are discussed.
24
Wertz, Jennifer S. "Perceptions of postdrinking anxiety : effect of sex, beverage, and sex of companion /". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063136/.
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Cast, Andrea Snowden. "Women drinking in early modern England". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc346.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 320-415) Investigates female drinking patterns and how they impacted on women's lives in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in early modern England. Deals with female drinking as a site of contention between insubordinate women and the dominant paradigm of male expectations about drinking and drunkeness. Female drinking patterns integrated drinking and drunkeness into women's lives in ways that enhanced bonding with their female friends, even if it inconvenienced their husbands and male authorities. Drunken sociability empowered women.
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Chung, Man-hong, e 鍾汶康. "Relationships in alcoholism and depression : will it be a global health burden?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193761.
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Introduction
Depression can lead to long term health burden; while alcohol is now also one of the global burdens of diseases. This review is trying to investigate how healthy population can be at risk when the trends of alcohol consumption are increasing.
Methods and Results
This review studied 11 journals out of 1096 literature in PubMed / Medline / PsyInfo for alcohol and depression association via prospective cohort or longitudinal study. Results varied in outcomes measured and no conclusion on developed causality with alcohol and depression.
Discussions
Some significant associations may be observed at heavy use of alcohol or binge drinking groups. Young adolescents association was not as significant as adult studies results. Some stratification on gender difference is also non-conclusive. Population on heavy drinking and dependency are at risk of developing depression.
Conclusions
Future perspectives in research like the need of developing high quality research and more on population approach studies focusing on alcohol and depression should be carried. Prevention of alcohol-related problems especially in young people or population as a whole should include policies reducing overall alcohol consumption, or reducing the rates of high-risk drinking.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
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Klaich, Katherine. "The daily experiences of women with alcoholism teaching tales about women's process /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7222.
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Tye, Robyn. "Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University students' perceptions of television advertisements for four SAB beer brands". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021122.
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This research study aimed to provide the South African beer industry and their advertising representative with insights into 18-28-year-olds’ perceptions of the communicated messaged in beer advertisements. This included the use of social and cultural references to attract their attention and the suggestions made by the advertisements about the consumption of beer in certain contexts. This research study aimed to determine the selected sample’s (NMMU students) perceptions of four South African Breweries beer brands, namely Castle Lager, Castle Lite, Carling Black Label and Hansa Pilsener, in terms of their use of references to social and cultural identity of males and females in South Africa within their television advertisements. The survey questionnaire helped determine what the selected sample’s perceptions were of each advertisement, and whether they fully understood the desired communicated message. It also helped to understand whether each advertisement captured their attention. A semiotic analysis of each advertisement was conducted to deconstruct the advertisements and to determine if they do contain elements of social and cultural identity in an attempt to sell products to their target audiences, or to affect the perceptions of the brand and drinking beer in general. This was achieved by examining the signs and imagery in each advertisement, looking specifically at the representamen, interpretant and object using Pierce’s model of a sign.Hierdie navorsingstudie is daarop gemik om die Suid-Afrikaanse bierbedryf en sy adverteerders ‘n beter begrip te gee van verbruikers tussen die ouderdomme van 18-28, se waarnemings van die boodskappe in bieradvertensies. Dit sluit in die gebruik van sosiale en kulturele verwysings, wat veronderstel is om die verbruikers se aandag te trek, asook die suggesties wat deur die advertensies gemaak word met betrekking tot die verbruik van bier in ‘n bepaalde konteks. Die studie moes ook die gekose monster (“selected sample”), nl. die NMMU-student se persepsies bepaal van vier handelsname van die South African Breweries, naamlik Castle Lager, Castle Lite, Carling Black Label en Hansa Pilsener, en in watter mate daar in bieradvertensies oor die televisie verwys word na die sosiale en kulturele identiteit van Suid-Afrikaanse mans en vroue. Die meningspeiling het die groep se waarnemings van elke advertensie, asook of die boodskap wat gekommunikeer is ten volle verstaan word, ondersoek. Die vraelys kon ook vasstel of die advertensies hulle aandag getrek het. ‘n Semiotiese ontleding van elke advertensie is gedoen, om die advertensies te dekodeer en sodoende vas te stel of die adverteerders elemente van sosiale en kulturele identiteit gebruik het om hul produkte aan die teikenmarkte te verkoop, of om die idees rondom die handelsnaam en bier oor die algemeen te beïnvloed. Aan die hand van Peirce se semiotiese model is die tekens en beelde in elke advertensie bestudeer.
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Harney-Delehanty, Brianna. "Family History of Alcoholism and Stress-Reactivity". Thesis, Fairleigh Dickinson University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28027029.
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Family history of alcoholism (FHA) is posited to convey its risk on problematic drinking, in part, though how individuals react to stressful situations. Research thus far, however, has found equivocal results, with some studies concluding that FHA is associated with heightened stress-reactivity whereas others have found FHA associated with blunted stress-reactivity. In addition, the preponderance of this research has been conducted using laboratory-based paradigms, thus raising questions about the ecological validity of their findings. The purpose of the current study was to further clarify the association between FHA and affective reactions to two types of stress (social and academic stress) using an ecologically valid, micro-longitudinal research design. Participants were 1,606 undergraduate students (54% women) who completed a baseline survey, including questions related to both maternal and paternal alcohol use, and who subsequently completed a 30-day daily diary in which they reporting on their daily social and academic stress and affective states. Results showed a weaker positive association between social stress and anxiety among individuals with more paternal FHA symptoms, consistent with a blunted stress-reactivity perspective. The current study is the first to use an ecologically valid approach to investigate stress-reactivity in individuals with and without FHA. The results add to the current literature, providing a direction for future research to continue to clarify the nature FHA and stress-reactivity in order to understand the risk incurred by FHA.
30
Kovac, Ilija. "Genetic epidemiology and phenotypic resolution of complex traits : studies in specific language impairment and alcoholism". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36974.
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Rationale. Definition of complex behavioral disorders is generally phenomenological in nature and guided by pragmatic, rather than genetic, concerns. Consequently, important aspect of genetic analysis is the search for novel phenotypic definitions from the familial/genetic perspective. SLI study 1. SLI denotes an inability to acquire normal language in the absence of peripheral hearing impairment, neurological disorder, and mental retardation. Sibling resemblance for several theoretically derived specific components of the SLI phenotype was examined in families of SLI children. In 38 sib-pairs from 10 French-speaking pedigrees, Verb Tense Morphology sub-tests (Real and Non-real Words) showed nonparametric correlations of 0.39 and 0.35, respectively (p < 0.05, 2-tailed). In a densely affected Anglophone pedigree, 41 sib-pair showed familial resemblance with respect to Derivational Morphology (r = 0.52, p < 0.01). SLI study 2. Family history study in 27 families examined the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity in SLI children and familial risk of speech/language disorders. Higher odds of speech/language disorders were observed in first-degree relatives of 13 SLI children who also had a medical record of attention deficit/hyperactivity (15/27 vs. 4/46, p = 0.001). Alcoholism study 1. Latent class analysis (LCA) including gender and 15 antisocial behaviors (>15yr) was performed in 236 broadly ascertained alcohol-dependent subjects (121 males, 115 females). Evidence for 3 qualitative behavioral classes was obtained: Socially Adjusted Adults, SAA; Antisocial Non-Aggressive Adults, ANAA; and Antisocial Aggressive Adults, AAA. In both, genders, the AAA class had the earliest age of onset for alcohol dependence (p = 0.001), more alcoholic first-degree relatives and more of other psychopathology. In females, the ANAA class was intermediate. In the ANAA males, socially adjusted childhood behavior differentiated the late onset from the intermediate ons
31
Hemmingsson, Tomas. "Explanations of differences in alcoholism between social classes and occupations among Swedish men : a register based follow-up study /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3527-0/.
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Zacchia, Camillo. "The effects of tryptophan and sucrose on alcohol-induced impairment /". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75345.
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Dietary factors such as the consumption of tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin, or sugar, may play an important role in influencing alcohol-induced impairment. Study I used an amino acid diet to manipulate plasma tryptophan in male social drinkers in a 3 (supplemented, balanced, and depleted tryptophan) x 3 (alcohol, placebo, sober) design with 12 subjects per cell. A variety of mood, memory, and psychomotor performance measures were taken at baseline, five hours after amino acid ingestion, and after alcohol consumption. Strong alcohol effects were produced but no tryptophan, nor alcohol-tryptophan interaction effects were found.Study II examined the combined effects of sucrose and alcohol in a 3 (100 g sugar, 35 g sugar, 0 g sugar) x 3 (alcohol, placebo, sober) design with 15 subjects per cell. Subjects were tested on tasks similar to those used in Study I at a variety of times following intoxication (i.e., 0.5 hours, 1.5 h, 3.5 h) in order to examine effects when blood glucose peaked as well as at a point when hypoglycemic rebound can occur in some subjects. A strong alcohol x sugar interaction was seen 0.5 h after drinking, with high doses of sugar attenuating intoxication without influencing blood alcohol levels. No hypoglycemia was produced after 3.5 h.
Study III replicated Study II using a simpler design which controlled for the possible effects of aspartame (the placebo sweetener used in Study II). A variety of gastric or central mechanisms, which can account for the finding that sucrose can reduce the intoxicating effects of ethanol, are discussed.
33
Liu, Mei-king Nadasa. "The degree of codependency in wives of alcoholics". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29654087.
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McAnally, Helena M., e n/a. "The association between rated intensity of 6-n-propylthiouracil and three health risk factors in a general population sample". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20091009.161623.
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This thesis explored whether individual differences in taste perception (as measured by the rated intensity of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP)) were associated with tobacco use, alcohol use and misuse and obesity in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study birth cohort at age 32. This cohort of 1037 participants was assessed at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26 and, most recently, at 32 years, when 96% of the living study members were interviewed.
At age 32, participants rated the intensity of a 0.0032mol/L solution of PROP using the general labelled magnitude scale (gLMS). PROP is almost tasteless to some but tastes bitter to others. As bitter tastes are aversive, due to their association with toxicity, it has been suggested that responses to PROP may reflect individual differences in taste perception that, in turn, have a protective effect on health.
Study One sought to establish correlates of rated PROP intensity in this sample. A model controlling for sex, childhood socio-economic status (SES), childhood IQ and gLMS use predicted approximately 12% of the variability in PROP ratings. This finding highlighted the importance of using appropriate covariates in research attempting to link PROP perception with health risk behaviours, as these factors have also been associated with tobacco use, alcohol use and adiposity.
Study Two did not find that greater perceived intensity from PROP was protective against smoking, as pack years smoked was not associated with PROP rating and ratings between groups of smokers were not significantly different. Differences in PROP perception were not protective against the lifetime smoking in this sample.
Similarly, Study Three found no evidence to suggest that greater intensity from PROP was associated with reduced alcohol misuse. Furthermore, the previously observed association between PROP and yearly alcohol consumption may be better explained by the fact that SES accounts for some of the variance in both measures.
In Study Four, rated PROP intensity was associated with Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat percentage, in women, but not in men. These associations were weakened after the inclusion of covariates in the models, but remained significant for both BMI and body fat percentage. Findings from Study Four indicate that taste perception may be associated with measures of adiposity in women.
Taken together, these results highlight the importance of using appropriate control variables in research and indicate that a single measure of PROP perception may not adequately reflect the full effect of individual differences in taste perception on tobacco use or alcohol use and misuse. Since PROP perception was associated with differences in adiposity in women, however, individual differences in taste perception may be of public health importance. Future research should use continuous measures of a wider range of taste stimuli, to establish how taste perception (rather than just bitterness perception) affects health. Research should also ensure that covariates associated with tobacco use, alcohol use and misuse and adiposity (such as sex, SES and IQ) are included in analyses.
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Lee, Shiu-kwong Keith. "An exploratory study of alcoholism maintenance from a family system perspective /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1234171X.
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LeMarquand, David Gordon 1966. "Serotonin and disorders of human disinhibition : alcohol abuse and dependence, aggression and impulsivity". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34998.
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A wealth of data supports the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter serotonin regulates the intake of ethanol, and is involved in the development of alcoholism in humans. Reduced functioning of the serotonergic system hypothetically increases alcohol intake in both animals and humans. In this thesis, it was proposed that the effect of lowered serotonergic function on alcohol intake is mediated by an increase in disinhibition. The hypothesis that lowered serotonin increases disinhibition was tested in separate groups of individuals at high risk for the development of psychopathology: nonalcoholic young men with a strong family history of paternal alcoholism, and adolescent men with previous histories of physically aggressive behavior. Lowered serotonergic synthesis (and thus presumably function) was experimentally induced through a transient dietary reduction in the availability of the amino add precursor of serotonin, tryptophan. Disinhibition was quantified using a go/no-go task previously shown to characterize psychopaths and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as disinhibited. In the first study, acute tryptophan depletion had no effect on aggressive responding on a modified competitive reaction time aggression task, but increased disinhibition in young men at risk for alcoholism. This effect was independent of the tryptophan depletion-induced mood alterations. The effect tryptophan depletion on disinhibition was not replicated in the second study with previously aggressive adolescent men. A number of explanations for this were posited, including the presence of a ceiling effect. An association between disinhibition and executive functioning (cognitive abilities associated with proper functioning of the prefrontal cortex, such as working memory, planning abilities) was demonstrated in the second study. In a third preliminary study, no association between disinhibition on the go/no-go task and allelic polymorphisms of the dopamine D4 receptor
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Ashford, Tamlyn M. "A study of the effectiveness of Psychoeducational group intervention in treating Alcoholism". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3341.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of psychoeducational group techniques in reducing an individuals' level of alcohol intake. It was hypothesized that when one is more educated about alcoholism, and how the addictive behavior began, their level of alcohol intake will decrease. To test this hypothesis, the researcher monitored changes in the alcohol involvement of a middle-aged African American woman engaged
in psychoeducational group treatment. The researcher
monitored these changes by administering the subject a
standardized questionnaire developed by Hudson, before
intervention, during intervention, and after completion of
intervention. The results of the study show that by
involvement in psycho-educational groups and cognitive
therapy, the subject was able to reduce her overall level of
alcohol intake.
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Leung, Wai-hing Frances. "An exploratory study of factors leading to alcohol dependence among treated heroin addicts /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13744707.
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Day, Jennifer Marie Correia Christopher J. "Alcohol use and social anxiety in a college student population". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1306.
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Higueras, García Sebastián. "Ni viciosos ni malandrines: un estudio del estigma en torno al alcoholismo en el Perú y en un grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/17373.
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La presente tesis busca aplicar en el Perú los avances de años recientes en los estudios sociológicos sobre el estigma, para abrir la caja negra tanto del estigma público respecto al alcoholismo como del estigma experimentado o recibido por quienes se reconocen a sí mismos como alcohólicos en recuperación. Con el fin de lograr una comprensión integral de estos tipos de estigma, se despliega una estrategia metodológica mixta, que incluye análisis de bases de datos como la Encuesta mundial de valores, observación participante en las reuniones de un grupo de Alcohólicos Anónimos de la ciudad de Lima, entrevistas a profunidad con alcohólicos en recuperación y trabajo de archivo. Factores tan diversos como el género, la región geográfica y los contextos de vida particulares jugarán un rol importante en el análisis, a medida que se va descubriendo que el estigma en torno al alcoholismo en el Perú es un fenómeno sumamente complejo, a la vez de alta relevancia sociológica y de alta urgencia social.Tesis
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Holubowycz, Oksana T. "An Australian study of alcohol dependence in women : the significance of sex role identity, life event stress, social support, and other factors". Title page, contents and summary only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh7585.pdf.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
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Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
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Kosolap, N. Ye. "Social aspects of tourism". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26076.
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Harden, Philip W. (Philip Walter). "Pre-adolescent boys at high risk for alcoholism : neuropsychological and psychophysiological dimensions". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29038.
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This thesis encompasses studies that examine autonomic reactivity and neuropsychological function in preadolescent boys who are at-risk for developing alcoholism and conduct disorder. The literature suggests an association between cognitive impairments and behavioural undercontrol, and that autonomic hyperreactivity may facilitate the use of alcohol to dampen stress. Thus, either factor may contribute to early alcohol use. In the first study, preadolescent sons of male multigenerational alcoholics were found to be cardiovascularly reactive during cognitive stress, and impaired on tests of executive function. Furthermore, reactivity was correlated with anxiety, and executive function deficits with conduct problems. In the second study, reactivity during a laboratory aggression task was monitored and cognitive functions (attentional or memory processes and executive functions) were assessed among aggressive boys rated as disruptive, or anxious-disruptive. During the aggression task, anxious-disruptive boys, unlike disruptive boys or controls, moderated their aggression when their opponent engaged in retaliatory behaviour. Anxious-disruptive boys were more highly aroused throughout the task, and the neuropsychological assessment found they were impaired on tests of executive function, independent of attention and memory. In the third study, anxious-disruptive boys exhibited greater cardiovascular, electrodermal, and muscle tension reactivity than disruptive or control boys during cognitive stress, while disruptive boys were electrodermally underaroused. These studies suggest it is possible to delineate specific neuropsychological profiles among at-risk youth, using either a behavioural genetics model, or selecting for personality traits. There were consistent autonomic reactivity patterns across tasks among groups defined by similar behavioural profiles. Thus, while cognitive impairments and hyperreactivity may comprise a vulnerability among sons of alcoholics, thes
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Rodríguez, Canales Fredy Fernando. "Las Representaciones sociales del consumo indebido de alcohol y la subvaloración personal en los mensajes de las canciones de la sierra peruana". Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2005. http://www.cybertesis.edu.pe/sisbib/2005/rodriguez_can_ff/html/index-frames.html.
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La investigación “LAS REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DEL CONSUMO INDEBIDO DE ALCOHOL Y LA SUBVALORACION PERSONAL EN LOS MENSAJES DE LAS CANCIONES DE LA SIERRA PERUANA”, es básica descriptivo-exploratoria en una visión psicosocial, basada en el análisis de contenidos y contrastación con expertos, en una muestra de 106 canciones tamizadas de una fonoteca de 29 CDs adquiridos en la ciudad de Lima; identifica y caracteriza categorías en las atribuciones, mecanismos cognitivos y reacciones emotivo-conductuales en las representaciones sociales del consumo de alcohol y la subvaloración personal expresadas en canciones de la sierra peruana. El marco teórico se basa en una triangulación entre las teorías de las Representaciones Sociales de Moscovici, el Aprendizaje Social de Bandura y el enfoque Racional Emotivo de corte Cognitivo Conductual de Ellis y Beck. El estudio aborda aspectos psicosociales relacionados al desarrollo integral del Perú, cuya problemática no solo es económico-social, también cultural y humano evidenciado en parte en sus canciones que reflejan comportamientos y estilos de vida, que advierten la necesidad de reorientar el rol de los artistas, medios de comunicación y agentes educativos en pro de la generación en las colectividades de condiciones subjetivas concordantes con las aspiraciones e ideales de una sociedad con valores, respeto a los deberes, derechos y el desarrollo humanoThe investigation "THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE UNDUE CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL AND THE PERSONAL UNDERVALUATION IN THE MESSAGES OF THE SONGS OF THE PERUVIAN MOUNTAIN", it is basic descriptive-exploratory in a vision psychosocial, based on the analysis of contents and opinion of experts, in a sample of 106 sifted songs of 29 CDs acquired in the city of Lima; it identifies and it characterizes categories in the attributions, mechanisms cognitive and moving-behavioral reactions in the social representations of the consumption of alcohol and the personal undervaluation expressed in songs of the Peruvian mountain. The theoretical mark is based on a triangulation among the theories of the Social Representations of Moscovici, the Social Learning of Bandura and the Moving Rational focus of court Behavioral Cognitive of Ellis and Beck. The study approaches aspects psychosocial related to the integral development of the Peru whose problematic not alone it is socio-economic, also cultural and human evidenced partly in its songs that reflect behaviors and lifestyles that notice the necessity to reorient the list of the artists, media and educational agents in pro of the generation in the collectives of concordant subjective conditions with the aspirations and ideals of a society with values, respect to the duties, rights and the human development
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Bradley, Shannon. "Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the dopamine transporter : a candidate locus for alcohol abuse". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0029/MQ64326.pdf.
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Honey, P. Lynne Galef G. B. "Social induction of ethanol consumption in adolescent rats, Rattus norvegicus /". *McMaster only, 2002.
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Burke, Mark 1975. "Factors that influence the dopamine neuron as revealed by dopamine transporter expression". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85892.
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The primary focus of the present thesis is the exploration of factors that influence the dopamine (DA) neuron by examining the expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT), a marker of the DA neuron. The secondary focus of this thesis is on the serotonin neuron and in particular the serotonin transporter (SERT), a marker of the serotonin neuron. To this end three distinct and separate models have been employed. The goals of this thesis were: (1) to test the hypothesis that monoamine oxidase inhibition during development alters serotonergic innervation in the cortex and raphe, while not affecting relative DA innervation of nigrostriatal pathway, (2) to test the hypothesis that elevated brain levels of hypoxanthine (Hx) deleteriously affect the DA neuron, and (3) to test the hypothesis that densities of DAT and SERT in brainstem cell body regions distinguish alcohol-preferring vervet monkeys with different behavioral patterns of ethanol consumption.Alterations in the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO), a degradative enzyme that plays an important role in regulating levels of monoamine transmitters, may have a profound effect on brain development. The present study investigates relative DA and serotonin innervation of cortical and subcortical areas, measured by DAT and SERT densities, following MAO inhibition (A or B or A+B) in mice throughout gestation and early post-natal development. DAT binding was unaltered within the nigrostriatal pathway. The most significant finding reported here is that the combined MAO-A+B inhibition significantly reduced SERT binding by 25% in both the cortex and raphe nucleus. Lower levels of SERT binding were apparent during the early post-natal period (PND 14), a period during which pups were still exposed to MAO inhibitors in the dam's milk, but also persisted into later life (PND's 35 and 90) after inhibitors were no longer being administered. Persistent effects were restricted to cortex and raphe, suggesting a relative vulnerability of these regions to alterations in monoamine transmitter levels during development.
The second study presents data demonstrating that Hx delivered intracerebroventricularly significantly reduces the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells (TH-ir) in the substantia nigra by 22% and 30%, at 7 and 21 days, respectively. After 3 days of Hx administration, striatal DA and serotonin were elevated over control levels by 22% and 25%, respectively, but returned to control levels by 7 days. The serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA was elevated after 3 days of Hx, but levels of DA metabolites were not different from control. Locomotion, a behavior thought to be related to DA transmission, was elevated following Hx treatment, as were presynaptic markers of the DA system such as DAT and TH protein levels. The persistent reduction in TH positive cell numbers suggests that Hx damages or kills DA neurons. The increase in intracellular DA at early time points suggests that Hx might interfere with DA release, possibly by temporarily inactivating DA neurons. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that Hx, a purine significantly elevated in blood and CSF of Lesch-Nyhan patients, maybe involved in DA dysfunction.
Studies on alcohol abuse have focused on the mesolimbic DA pathway and the serotonergic influence within this pathway. Here we report that abstinent binge-drinking monkeys have significant reductions of SERT binding, and to a lesser extent, DAT binding in the midbrain region, while abstinent heavy-drinking subjects have elevated levels of DAT binding, as compared to controls. Both mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways are affected. CSF levels of both HVA and 5-HIAA substantiate the neuroanatomical differences between binge- and heavy-drinking vervets. Taken together, these findings provide a neurochemical profile with which to further distinguish subtypes of alcohol-preferring vervet monkeys.
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THOMPSON, KEVIN MARK. "TESTING STRAIN AND CONTROL THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY AND SUBSTANCE USE IN VARIOUS RELIGIOUS CLIMATES: PURPOSEFUL REBELLION OR WEAKENED BARRIERS (RELIGIOSITY)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183875.
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The purpose of this study is four-fold: (1) to test delinquency theories in social settings that vary by their degree of religiousness; (2) to determine whether delinquency causal processes vary according to the nature of religious ecology; (3) to assess whether variation exists in the rates and types of adolescent offenses committed in these settings; and (4) whether these offenses are a response to unique influences in each context. Religious ecology is measured by tapping a dimension of school religious characteristics, including a school's level of religiousness and a school's religious group composition. Adolescent boys who are exposed to the confines of schools that are predominantly irreligious or disproportionately low in orthodoxy are significantly more likely to engage in delinquency than boys from more moral or highly orthodox schools. Experiences in fundamentalist reference groups also protects youngsters against engaging in substance use episodes, including harmful drugs such as cocaine. These patterns are independent of demographic characteristics such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, family size and community size. To account for religious ecological differences in problem behavior, strain and control theories of delinquency are tested. These testing procedures reveal little support for processes advocated by strain theorists. Not only is structural and interactionist induced strain not correlated with delinquency and substance use, but discrepancies between cultural expectations and perceived realization of these goals do not lead to psychosocial frustration and tension, as implied in many strain models. Control models more aptly account for delinquency and substance use variation in various religious climates, but the strength of religious, school, and family effects varies with the type of offense and the measure of religious ecology. If we measure religious ecology by the nature of denominational composition, religiosity has a uniform effect on delinquency. However, religiosity's effect in settings that vary by religious level is to more strongly inhibit chronic offending in secular disorganized communities. Involvement in delinquency and substance use is probabilistically less likely in moral and highly orthodox settings because religion's social expression is stronger, the broken home phenomenon is weaker and potentially harmful school behaviors and attitudes are unrelated to delinquency in these settings.