Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Slagteri"

De danske slagterier er kendt for et konfliktpræget forhold mellem ledelse og medarbejdere som bla. fører til hyppige strejker sammenlignet med resten af arbejdsmarkedet. Der er en mistillid mellem stærke parter, som gennemsyrer de daglige sociale relationer på arbejdspladsen. Samtidig er der et stærkt og legitimt arbejdsmarkedspolitisk system i branchen. Det viser sig imidlertid, at enkelte slagterier har væsentligt færre strejker og samtidig lavere sygefravær og lavere personaleomsætning end andre slagterier. En undersøgelse af forholdene på disse slagterier viser, at udviklingen af tillid mellem ledere og arbejdere har skabt grundlaget for en fælles udvikling af produktion og arbejdsmiljø. Traditionen med stærke parter og konflikt er paradoksalt en del af forklaringen på, at medarbejderne har fået betydelig indflydelse. Den anvendes her i samarbejde med og ikke i konflikt med ledelsen. Tillid er et af de vigtigste elementer i opbygningen af social kapital på disse slagterier. Resultaterne peger derfor på, at opbygning af social kapital kan åbne nye interessante perspektiver både for udvikling af medarbejderindflydelse og på muligheder for at udvikle de danske virksomheder.

This essay represents our latest annual update of the biopolitical literature and of related developments (see also Somit et al., 1980; Peterson, Somit, and Slagter, 1982; Peterson, Somit, and Brown, 1983; Peterson and Somit, 1984). Our count for 1984 is 78 items: 3 monographs or books (Axelrod, 1984; Blank 1984f; Vanhanen, 1984a), 13 articles, 2 chapters in a book, 44 conference papers, 16 review essays, commentaries, etc., and 0 master's theses or Ph.D. dissertations.

Includes the following reviews: pp. 217-223. Michal Anne Moskov. Falk, R., Spotlight on the USA. + Ockert-Axelsson, K. & Norman, D., Across Cultures: Course-Book. + Ockert-Axelsson, K. & Norman, D., Across Cultures: Teacher's Book. + Romano, T., Clearing the Way: Working with Teenage Writers. + Tomalin, B. & Stempleski, S., Cultural Awareness. pp. 223-224. Helena Bergmann. Bradbury, M., The Modern British Novel. pp. 224-225. Helena Bergmann. Taylor, D.J., After the War: The Novel and English Society since 1945. pp. 225-226. Karin Aijmer. Channell, J., Vague Language. pp. 227-230. Fritz Joachim Sauer. Parry, C., Menschen-Werke-Epochen. pp. 230-232. Frank Michael Kirsch. Kast, B. & Neuner, G. (Hrsg.), Zur Analyse, Begutachtung und Entwicklung von Lehrwerken für den fremdsprachlichen Deutschundterricht. pp. 233-235. Tom Conner. Brooks, P., Body Work. Objects of Desire in Modern Narrative. pp. 236-237. Erik Cardelús. Shumway, N. The Invention of Argentina. pp. 238-239. Jenny Norman. Slagter, J.P., Un nivel umbral. p. 240. Redaktionsmeddelande/A Message from the Editors.

Må muslimer i Vesten spise ikke-halal slagtet kød? Må en muslimsk kvinde gifte sig med en ikke-muslimsk mand? Må muslimer i Europa stemme ved politiske valg? Sådan lyder nogle af de spørgsmål, som det europæiske fatwaråd The European Council for Fatwa and Research (ECFR) gennem tiden har modtaget fra muslimer bosat i Vesten og besvaret i form af religiøse anvisninger (fatwaer). Denne artikel ser nærmere på ECFR og dets fatwaer og viser, hvordan The European Council for Fatwa and Research opfordrer til integration samtidig med, at det viser vejen for en øget institutionalisering af islam gennem blandt andet etablering af islamiske voldgiftsdomstole i Europa.

ABSTRACT: The article carries out a comparative exercise focusing on the Norse myth about Þórr slaughtering and then reviving his goats. It has sometimes been argued that the myth is a borrowing from a Christian legend about Saint Germanus. This is, however, problematic since similar traditions are found in Alpine, Caucasian, Sámi and even Native American contexts, in all cases with a non-Christian flavour. The article concentrates on those analogues that are closest to the Norse myth in terms of the central details and considers what might lie behind this seemingly odd distribution. The suggestion is that the central motif constitutes a shared tradition across the northern hemisphere that has its roots in the very deep layers of human history. RESUME: Artiklen præsenterer en komparativ øvelse med fokus på den norrøne myte om Thor, der slagter sine geder og derpå vækker dem til live igen. Den teori er flere gange blevet fremsat, at myten er lånt fra en kristen helgenlegende om Sankt Germanus. Dette er imidlertid problematisk, idet lignende traditioner findes i Alperne, Kaukasus, Sápmi og endda indfødte canadiske kulturer, i alle tilfælde uden kristen forklædning. Artiklen fokuserer på de parallelle fortællinger, som følger den norrøne myte tættest med hensyn til de centrale detaljer, og overvejer, hvad der kan ligge til grund for denne løjerlige spredning. Forslaget er, at det centrale motiv udgør en fælles tradition på tværs af den nordlige halvkugle med rødder i den meget dybe historie.

The information processing capacity of the human mind is limited, as is evidenced by the attentional blink—a deficit in identifying the second of two targets (T1 and T2) presented in close succession. This deficit is thought to result from an overinvestment of limited resources in T1 processing. We previously reported that intensive mental training in a style of meditation aimed at reducing elaborate object processing, reduced brain resource allocation to T1, and improved T2 accuracy [Slagter, H. A., Lutz, A., Greischar, L. L., Francis, A. D., Nieuwenhuis, S., Davis, J., et al. Mental training affects distribution of limited brain resources. PloS Biology, 5, e138, 2007]. Here we report EEG spectral analyses to examine the possibility that this reduction in elaborate T1 processing rendered the system more available to process new target information, as indexed by T2-locked phase variability. Intensive mental training was associated with decreased cross-trial variability in the phase of oscillatory theta activity after successfully detected T2s, in particular, for those individuals who showed the greatest reduction in brain resource allocation to T1. These data implicate theta phase locking in conscious target perception, and suggest that after mental training the cognitive system is more rapidly available to process new target information. Mental training was not associated with changes in the amplitude of T2-induced responses or oscillatory activity before task onset. In combination, these findings illustrate the usefulness of systematic mental training in the study of the human mind by revealing the neural mechanisms that enable the brain to successfully represent target information.

Feeding diets high in fibre to breeding sows has been found to have a positive effect on reproductive performance. Danske Slagterier (1994) found a significant increase in litter size when sows were fed a diet containing high levels of unmolassed sugar beet pulp (USBP) during pregnancy and lactation. Litter size is influenced by two main factors; ovulation rate and embryo survival. Glasgow et al (1996) found no increase in ovulation rate in gilts fed high USBP diets. This experiment was designed to assess the effect of feeding a high USBP diet on endocrinology and early embryo viability.The experiment was of a randomised block design incorporating two diets; a cereal based diet (C) and a diet containing 50% unmolassed sugar beet (HF). 72 gilts of lean genotype (Newsham Hybrids) were allocated to treament at 138 days of age, housed in groups of 6 and had liveweight and backfat thickness recorded fortnightly. For the first 8 weeks, HF gilts were fed ad-libitum and C gilts were pair fed to the same daily energy intake. Subsequently, gilts were floor fed isoenergetically at a flat rate of 2.8 kg/d (HF) and 2.3 kg/d (C).

The attentional blink (AB) phenomenon reveals a bottleneck of human information processing: the second of two targets is often missed when they are presented in rapid succession among distractors. In our previous work, we showed that the size of the AB can be changed by applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) (London & Slagter, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 33, 756–68, 2021). Although AB size at the group level remained unchanged, the effects of anodal and cathodal tDCS were negatively correlated: if a given individual’s AB size decreased from baseline during anodal tDCS, their AB size would increase during cathodal tDCS, and vice versa. Here, we attempted to replicate this finding. We found no group effects of tDCS, as in the original study, but we no longer found a significant negative correlation. We present a series of statistical measures of replication success, all of which confirm that both studies are not in agreement. First, the correlation here is significantly smaller than a conservative estimate of the original correlation. Second, the difference between the correlations is greater than expected due to sampling error, and our data are more consistent with a zero-effect than with the original estimate. Finally, the overall effect when combining both studies is small and not significant. Our findings thus indicate that the effects of lDPLFC-tDCS on the AB are less substantial than observed in our initial study. Although this should be quite a common scenario, null findings can be difficult to interpret and are still under-represented in the brain stimulation and cognitive neuroscience literatures. An important auxiliary goal of this paper is therefore to provide a tutorial for other researchers, to maximize the evidential value from null findings.

Orienting of attention produces a “sensory gain” in the processing of visual targets at attended locations and an increase in the amplitude of target-related P1 and N1 ERPs. P1 marks gain reduction at unattended locations; N1 marks gain enhancement at attended ones. Lateral targets that are preceded by valid cues also evoke a larger P1 over the hemisphere contralateral to the no-target side, which reflects inhibition of this side of space [Slagter, H. A., Prinssen, S., Reteig, L. C., & Mazaheri, A. Facilitation and inhibition in attention: Functional dissociation of pre-stimulus alpha activity, P1, and N1 components. Neuroimage, 125, 25–35, 2016]. To clarify the relationships among cue predictiveness, sensory gain, and the inhibitory P1 response, we compared cue- and target-related ERPs among valid, neutral, and invalid trials with predictive (80% valid/20% invalid) or nonpredictive (50% valid/50% invalid) directional cues. Preparatory facilitation over the visual cortex contralateral to the cued side of space (lateral directing attention positivity component) was reduced during nonpredictive cueing. With predictive cues, the target-related inhibitory P1 was larger over the hemisphere contralateral to the no-target side not only in response to valid but also in response to neutral and invalid targets: This result highlights a default inhibitory hemispheric asymmetry that is independent from cued orienting of attention. With nonpredictive cues, valid targets reduced the amplitude of the inhibitory P1 over the hemisphere contralateral to the no-target side whereas invalid targets enhanced the amplitude of the same inhibitory component. Enhanced inhibition was matched with speeded reorienting to invalid targets and drop in attentional costs. These findings show that reorienting of attention is modulated by the combination of cue-related facilitatory and target-related inhibitory activity.

E tniske minoriteters position på arbejdsmarkedet har været et centralt politisk tema i de senere år. Ofte sættes lighedstegn mellem tilknytning til arbejdsmarkedet og integration i det danske samfund. Man kan imod denne forestilling indvende, at integration kan ske i mange forskellige sociale sammenhænge, og det er ikke givet, at integration i én kontekst er en forudsætning for integration i en anden. Eller for den sags skyld, at det at have et arbejde faktisk fører til samfundsmæssig integration (Christiansen og Schmidt 2002). Men sandt er det, at arbejdet spiller en væsentlig rolle ikke blot for menneskers økonomiske muligheder, men også for status, position og identitet. Og her tyder me-get på, at etniske minoriteter, når vi ser på dem som én gruppe, har problemer. Etniske minoriteter er feks. i meget højere grad end majoritetsdanskere ramt af arbejdsløshed. Og de er overrepræsenterede i den laveste del af jobhierarkiet: de ufaglærte jobs, den lavtlønnede del af servicesektoren, og i bestemte dele af detailhandlen (feks. grønthandlere, slagtere, pizzabarer etc.). Dette kan ikke alene forklares vedetniske minoriteters uddannelsesniveau, sprogkundskaber mv. (Schults-Nielsen 2000). Det kan være udtryk for bevidste valg, der passer ind i etniske minoriteters øvrige livsstrategier, men også for en tilpasning til specifikke betingelser og barrierer på det danske arbejdsmarked. I hvert fald peger denne udvikling mod en grad af opdeling eller segregering på arbejdsmarkedet på baggrund af etnisk eller kulturelt tilhørsforhold. Der skabes altså i den proces, hvor etniske minoriteter modtages og optages i det danske arbejdsliv, nye skillelinjer mellem minoritet og majoritet. I dette nummer af Tidsskrift for arbejdsliv stiller vi skarpt på de strukturer og processer, som skaber eller nedbryder sådanne skillelinjer. Det drejer sig om strukturer og processer på virksomhedsniveau-såsom udarbejdelse af personalepolitiske strategier, rekruttering, forfremmelse - hvor forestillinger om dem og os og de andre udmøntes, og om strukturer på arbejdsmarkedet såsom tradition for netværksrekruttering, lønsystemer mv. Vi har kaldt nummeret Det multikulturelle arbejdsliv. Ligesom samfundet i stigende grad bliver multikulturelt, bliver arbejdslivet det også. Termen multikultur er imidlertid flertydig, Den kan henvise til, at arbejdsstyrken-når vi tæller hoveder-består af mennesker med forskellig kulturel baggrund. Men multikulturalisme kan også henvise til en bestemt form for integration,gensidig integration, hvor både majoritet og minoritet er medskabere af fællesskabet (Hylland Eriksen 1993). Et gennemgående tema i flere af artiklerne er, hvordan bestemte forestillinger om integration præger virksomhedernes strategier i mødet med de etniske minoriteters. Er eller bør 'de' være ligesom 'os', eventuelt efter at de er tilført ressourcer, som de mangler, eller rettes blikket mod forskelligheden og etniske minoriteters særlige ressourcer? Forestillinger om 'dem og os' er vigtige for de positioner, som etniske minoriteter tildeles i arbejdslivet, men er i reglen modsætningsfyldte. En inspirationskilde til at forklare de problemer og ambivalenser, som opstår i mødet mellem 'dem og os', er den norske antropolog Marianne Gullestads observationer af, hvordan de skandinaviske samfund har særlige vanskeligheder i mødet med

Dette nummer handler om det moderne arbejdslivs belastninger. De seneste år har en række analyser og rapporter peget på problemer i det psykiske arbejdsmiljø med udbrændthed og stress til følge. De tegner billedet af et moderne arbejde, som kræver ansvarlighed, fleksibilitet, selvstændighed og engagement. Ja, det ikke blot kræver, det tilbyder, udfordrer og lokker. arbejdet er forførende og kalder på personligheden. Men som det hedder i en undersøgelse af FTF'ernes psykiske arbejdsmiljø: 'Det slider på sjælen'. Ved siden af de konkrete undersøgelser har flere generelle diagnoser på det fleksible arbejdsliv vundet stor genklang også i Danmark. Det er blandt andet Richard Sennetts bog 'The corrosion of character' og Arlie Hochschilds 'The time bind', som begge beskriver, hvordan arbejdslivet invaderer andre livsområder og undergraver personligheden. Vi ønsker med dette nummer at se nærmere på, om det moderne arbejde, det såkaldt 'fleksible arbejde' adskiller sig fra det traditionelle arbejde-ikke blot ved dets større frihedsgrader, åbenhed og alsidighed, men også ved dets belastninger. Det traditionelle arbejde var styret i detaljer fra oven via en hierarkisk og bureaukratisk organisation. Taylorismen betragtede medarbejderne som anonyme arbejdsmaskiner og drev rovdrift på dem ved en stærkt ensidig udnyttelse af deres arbejdsevner. Mennesket var et upersonligt led i en rationel produktionsmaskine. Det var rationelt, men 'et rationelt vanvid' ifølge Bernard Dorays' (1988) analyse af taylorismen og fordismen. Det fremmedbestemte arbejde gav kun få muligheder for autonomi, personlig indlevelse eller oplevelse af mening. Produktionen købte menneskers arbejdskraft, ikke deres person. I det traditionelle arbejde var subjektiviteten uønsket, det var et forstyrrende element, der skulle fjernes gennem detaljerede forskrifter for arbejdets udførelse. Hvad arbejderen mente og tænkte og følte, var i princippet ligegyldigt, hvis hun bare kom til tiden og gjorde, som der blev sagt. Sådan som det stadig kan gælde visse steder i dag på danske slagterier og andre samlebåndsfabrikker. Den tilsyneladende fremmedgørelse og instrumentalisering af arbejdet viste imidlertid kun en side af historien. For det første fordi produktionen aldrig i praksis kunne køre efter den 'videnskabelige ledelses' rationelle principper. Der var altid brug for menneskelig indgriben og omtanke, også fra manden på gulvet. For det andet fordi medarbejderne selv i det underordnede og rutineprægede arbejde søger mening, udfoldelse og bekræftelse. De forsøger at identificere sig med arbejdets indhold og at opleve arbejdet meningsfuldt-ofte på trods af dårlige vilkår. Og endelig fik den rationelt organiserede industriproduktion sit eget modstykke i den organiserede arbejderbevægelse. Den sikrede den sociale integration af arbejderne både i et stærkt socialt fællesskab på arbejdspladsen og i velfærdsstaten. Den kollektive organisering og det organiserede arbejdsmarked bidrog til at afbøde en del af det traditionelle arbejdes belastninger-både meningsløsheden og nedslidningen. Faktisk er det sådan, at industrisamfundet i dag er kommet til at fremstå som den meningsfulde, trygge og stabile orden over-for det moderne, fleksible arbejdssamfunds opløsende kræfter. Det gælder for eksempel i den nævnte bog af Richard Sennetts, som

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric malignancy characterized by a heterogeneous genomic landscape. Copy number aberrations (CNA) emerge during the development, progression and treatment resistance of ALL, and can serve as genomic markers for prognostic classification of patients or for scrutinizing clonal evolution associated with relapse. While identification of distinct CNAs with well-characterized prognostic significance has its own value, uncovering the co-segregation of driver aberrations in individual patient samples could allow for a more personalized risk assessment and treatment response prediction. Methods: Disease-relevant CNAs were profiled in children with B- or T-cell precursor ALL using a next-generation sequencing based digital multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (digitalMLPA) assay containing 598 probes specific for 54 genes with key relevance in ALL. Besides the diagnostic samples of 91 patients treated according to the BFM protocols, 14 matching samples drawn at the time of first or second relapse were comparatively analyzed. Clonal relationship between B-cell precursor cell populations prevailing at different time points during the disease course was also investigated by screening immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene rearrangements in matching diagnostic and relapse samples using Illumina deep-sequencing with >20,000x coverage. Results: Whole chromosome gains and losses, subchromosomal CNAs as well as alterations conferring intrachromosomal gene fusions were simultaneously identified by digitalMLPA with results available within 36 hours. Aberrations were observed in 96% of diagnostic patient samples and increased numbers of CNAs were detected in individual samples at the time of relapse as compared to diagnosis. DigitalMLPA results were successfully validated by conventional MLPA, FISH and PCR data. Comparative scrutiny of 24 matching diagnostic and relapse samples from 11 patients harboring CNAs revealed three different patterns of clonal relationships with (i) one patient displaying identical CNA profiles at diagnosis and relapse, (ii) six patients showing clonal evolution with all lesions detected at diagnosis being present at relapse and (iii) four patients displaying conserved as well as lost or gained CNAs at the time of relapse, suggestive of the presence of a common ancestral cell compartment giving rise to clinically manifest leukemia at different time points during the disease course. Time between diagnosis and first relapse of T-ALL patients displaying altered CNA profiles suggested a prolonged time requirement of clonal evolution, and of the development of manifest leukemia from an ancestral clone compared to the quick return of an identical clone at the time of relapse. Comparison of the IGH gene rearrangements identified at diagnoses and relapse revealed identical compositions of the most abundant clonotypes in all but one B-ALL patients analyzed; hence, IGH repertoire did not reveal an additional depth of clonal history in our cohort, e.g. by demonstrating the presence of an ancestral clone as the major source of clonal expansion at disease progression in a patient with altered CNA profiles suggesting direct clonal evolution between diagnosis and relapse. Copy number profiles acquired by digitalMLPA were used for determining CNA-based risk groups (Table 1) which were combined with karyotyping and molecular cytogenetic data in order to establish an extended prognostic classifier for patients with B-cell precursor ALL. This novel classifier distinguished four combined genetic risk groups showing significantly different 5-year survival rates (GR: 97%, IR: 84%, IHR: 63% and PR: 13%). Conclusions: DigitalMLPA allows for a rapid, scalable and highly optimized copy number profiling of genomic regions recurrently altered by driver aberrations in pediatric ALL. Based on the comparison of CNA profiles at diagnosis and relapse, clonal evolution and emergence of relapse from an ancestral clone are the predominant driving mechanisms of disease progression. Comprehensive copy number profiling by digitalMLPA identifies distinct prognostic groups for risk assessment in B-cell precursor ALL. Supporting grants : LP95021, K_16 #119950, NVKP_16-1-2016-0004, KH17-126718, BO/00320/18/5, FK_19 #131476, ÚNKP-19-4-SE-77 Disclosures Benard-Slagter: MRC Holland: Employment. de Groot:MRC Holland: Employment. Savola:MRC Holland: Employment.

BackgroundAutologous patient T cells engineered to express antitumor T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have been effective for the treatment of certain cancer types,1–4 and tumor neoantigens encoded by cancer-specific mutations have emerged as major targets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and in adoptive cell therapy (ACT).5–9 However, only a minority of intratumoral T cells are reactive to cancer antigens while the majority represent bystander cells.10–12 Conventional approaches to isolate tumor-reactive T cells and identify their TCRs from tumors rely on T cell function and can be impaired due to T cell exhaustion and dysfunction.13 14MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing (scRNA/TCR-seq) on over 46,000 T cells isolated from eleven archival metastatic tumor samples whose primary cancer types included colon, rectal, breast, anal, and melanoma. From these samples, 15 CD8+ and 17 CD4+ neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes (NeoTCRs) were known. We then performed transcriptomic clustering of these cells and mapped known NeoTCR clonotypes onto the transcriptomic map. Subsequently we predicted NeoTCRs from prospective metastatic colon cancer samples based on their presence within clusters sharing gene expression with NeoTCR+ clusters in the archival samples.ResultsProjecting known NeoTCRs onto the TIL transcriptomic map, we observed 325 total T cells bearing these NeoTCRs, and the majority (>80%) of NeoTCRs were expressed by T cells within 2 clusters, one CD4+ and one CD8+, that included by expression of CXCL13, ENTPD1 (CD39), TOX, TIGIT, LAG3, and PDCD1 (PD-1), indicating a dysfunctional state. Reasoning that T cells sharing phenotypes with those within the NeoTCR clusters could be novel NeoTCRs, we developed gene signatures (NeoTCR4 and NeoTCR8) of CD4 and CD8 NeoTCR+ cells, respectively, and four prospective patients' TIL were analyzed by scRNA/TCR-seq and scored according to NeoTCR signatures. We expressed predicted NeoTCRs in healthy donor PBL and screened them with antigen presenting cells (APCs) expressing candidate neoantigens. 33/73 predicted NeoTCRs (including both CD4 and CD8) were reactive against patients' tumors or candidate neoantigens.ConclusionsThis study enabled successful detection of tumor-specific NeoTCRs in the sequenced TIL of 14/14 patients for whom reactivity was studied. Deconvolution of NeoTCRs from bystander TCRs within the tumor-immune microenvironment represents an important step in the development of personalized immunotherapeutics, and prospective NeoTCR isolation based on TIL transcriptional phenotypes will allow for rapid development of personalized immunotherapy in the form of lymphocytes expressing these tumor-specific TCRs.AcknowledgementsWe thank the Surgery Branch TIL Laboratory and clinical team for generating TIL, and patients enrolled in our clinical protocols. Support from CCR Single Cell Analysis Facility was funded by FNLCR Contract HHSN261200800001E. This work utilized the computational resources of the NIH HPC Biowulf cluster (http://hpc.nih.gov). 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In this Preface, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Bulletin for International Taxation, Jan Maarten Slagter provides some historical context for the founding of IBFD’s flagship journal and expresses his gratitude for all those who have contributed to its ongoing success.