Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Sismique à grand angle"
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Vigner, Alan. "Images sismiques par réflexions verticale et grand-angle de la croûte en contexte extensif : les Cyclades et le Fossé Nord-Egéen". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0009.
Texto completo da fonteGalvé, Audrey. "Structure sismique et évolution de la lithosphère au Tibet : réflexions grand-angle et conversions d'ondes télésismiques". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GLOB0001.
Texto completo da fonteDRIAD, LYNDA. "Structure profonde de l'edifice volcanique de la reunion (ocean indien) par sismique refraction et grand angle". Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077029.
Texto completo da fonteGailler, Audrey. "Structure de la marge d'Équateur-Colombie par modélisation des données de sismique grand angle marines : influence sur le fonctionnement de la subduction et la sismicité". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4098.
Texto completo da fonteRavaut, Céline. "Tomographie sismique haute résolution de la croûte terrestre : inversion combinée des temps de trajets et des formes d'ondes de données de sismique réfraction-réflexion grand-angle multitrace". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066576.
Texto completo da fonteAgudelo, William. "Imagerie sismique quantitative de la marge convergente d'Equateur-Colombie : Application des mèthodes tomographiques aux données de sismique réflexion multitrace et réfraction-réflexion grand-angle des campagnes SISTEUR et SALIERI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010415.
Texto completo da fonteAgudelo, Zambrano William Mauricio. "Imagerie sismique quantitative de la marge convergente d'Equateur-Colombie : application des méthodes tomographiques aux données de sismique réflexion multitrace et réfraction-réflexion grand-angle des campagnes SISTEUR et SALIERI". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010415.
Texto completo da fonteLaesanpura, Agus. "Structure profonde de l'edifice volcanique de la reunion (ocean indien) a partir des donnees de sismique grand-angle de la campagne reusis". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066670.
Texto completo da fonteBouyahiaoui, Boualem. "Structure profonde et réactivation de la marge est-algérienne et du bassin adjacent (secteur d'Annaba), contraintes par sismique réflexion multitrace et grand-angle terre-mer". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4116/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this study, we determine the deep structure of the eastern Algerian basin and its southern margin in the Annaba region (easternmost Algeria), to better constrain the plate kinematic reconstruction in this region. This study is based on new geophysical data collected during the SPIRAL cruise in 2009 that included a wide-angle, 240-km-long, onshore-offshore seismic profile, multichannel seismic reflection lines, and gravity and magnetic data, which was complemented by the available geophysical data for the study area. The analysis and modeling of the wide-angle seismic data using travel-times and amplitudes, and integrated with the multichannel seismic lines, reveal the detailed structure of an ocean-to-continent transition. In the deep basin, there is an ~5.5-km-thick oceanic crust that is composed of two layers. The upper layer of the crust is defined by a high velocity gradient and P-wave velocities between 4.8 km/s and 6.0 km/s from the top to the bottom. The lower crust is defined by a lower velocity gradient and P-wave velocity between 6.0 km/s and 7.1 km/s. The Poisson ratio in the lower crust deduced from S-wave modeling is 0.28, which indicates that the lower crust is composed mainly of gabbros. Below the continental edge, a typical continental crust with P-wave velocities between 5.2 km/s and 7.0 km/s from the top to the bottom shows a gradual seaward thinning of ~15 km over an ~35-km distance
Biari, Youssef. "Structure profonde de la marge Nord-Ouest Africaine". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0080/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe NE American margin represents one of the best studied margins in the world, it was the subject of several scientific programs. In comparison, the conjugate NW African margin remains fairly unknown, only two deep seismic cruises were acquired: the SISMAR cruise (2001) offshore the Meseta and the DAKHLA cruise (2002) offshore the Sahara. The deep structure of the Canadian margin is known due to the SMART wide-angle seismic profiles 1, 2 and 3. The first objective of the MIRROR project was to acquire combined wide-angle and deep reflection seismic data offshore a segment conjugate to the SMART-1 profile. The comparison between the homologous segments of these two margins aimed to better understand the opening mechanism of the Central Atlantic Ocean. A comparison between Sismar, Dakhla and Mirror models shows that the continental crust is thicker in the north and thins toward the south. The width of the transition zone is narrower south and Sismar profiles are located on a sedimentary basin placed on a very thinned continental crust. Comparing the Mirror profile with that of the Canadian conjugate margin (Smart 1) shows that the thickness, the structure of the continental crust and the thinning is very similar. However, zones of exhumed and serpentinized mantle were imaged along the Canadian profile that have no conjugate on the African margin. Moreover, the thickness of the oceanic crust is variable with 8 km on the African side and only 3-4 km on the Canadian margin. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this difference (a) an age difference between the two types of crust (b) thickening associated with the passage of the Canary hotspot (c) an asymmetric accretion or (d) an accretion at slow to ultra-slow speading centers
Pinheiro, João Marcelo. "Modeling onshore-offshore based in wide-angle seismic data across the Alagoas-Sergipe passive margins, NE Brazil". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0157/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present thesis is inserted in the SALSA project (Seryipe Alagoas Seismic Acquisition), which was conducted by a collaboration between the Department of Marine Geosciences : IFREMER, the Laboratory of Oceanic Domain IUEM, the Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (IDL, Portugal), the Universidade de Brasilia (Brazil) and PETROBRAS (Brazil).Seismic shot, Multi-Channel Seismic acquisition (MCS) and Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) deployments were performed by the R/V L'Atalante (IFREMER) along 1-2 profiles.Among them, five were extended onshore by Land Seismic Stations (LSS). P-wave velocity models were constructed based on the joint interpretation of multichannel and wide-angle seismic data using the RAYINVR software.We present models derived from wide-angle refraction and coincident reflection data along two parallel profiles located on the Sergipe-Alagoas basin (SL01 and SL02), extending approximately 220 km and 200 km from the continental shelf to the distal Sergipe basin north to the Vaza-Barris Transfer zone, and one of them, the SL02 prolongates for 150 km through the continent, on Sergipe -Alagoas continental basin and its basement, the Sergipana FoId Belt.The foward modelling of the passive margin in the Sergipe Alagoas basin precisely constrains crustal geometries and segmentation. The crustal geometry puts in question the origin of the Sergipana Fold Belt, when compared with the geometries of the adjacent geological domains, the Sao Francisco Craton and the Borborema Province.The differences between the profiles illuminate the influence of the tectonic inheritance resulted by the Vaza-Barris Transfer Zone. These integrated information allowed some new conjectures around the geodynamic history of the region
Operto, Stéphane. "Structure et origine du plateau de Kerguelen (océan indien austral) : implications géodynamiques : modélisation de données sismiques grand-angle marines". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066181.
Texto completo da fonteLeprêtre, Angélique. "Contraintes par imagerie sismique pénétrante sur l'évolution d'une marge Cénozoïque réactivée en compression (cas de la marge algérienne, secteur de Tipaza)". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861342.
Texto completo da fonteLeprêtre, Angélique. "Contraintes par imagerie sismique pénétrante sur l'évolution d'une marge Cénozoïque réactivée en compression (cas de la marge algérienne, secteur de Tipaza)". Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0079/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe inversion of passive margins appears to be one of the first steps towards the initiation of new subduction zones. This crucial step in plate tectonics nevertheless still raises many questions. The study of margins currently reactivated by compressional tectonics is thus essential to better understand this process. These margins are uncommon, located in different geodynamic settings, and the factors determining their evolution are poorly constrained. The Algerian margin, located in North Africa, is one of handful of modern examples worldwide. The evolution of this margin, rifted during the Miocene, in a back-arc setting, is part ofthe complex puzzle of the western Mediterranean. Since a few million years, the margin has suffered inversion and compression in the framework of slow on going convergence between the European and African plates. This convergence generates moderate to strong earthquakes in North Algeria. The relatively young age of the Algerian basin, the large sediment load, and the compressive forces, constitute favorable conditions to the formation of a future subduction zone. Studies from the past ten years indicate, that themain unresolved questions are related to (1) the deep structure of the Algerian basin and its southern margin (the type of margin, the nature of the basement, the dimension and nature of the ocean-continent transition, the style and the distribution of the compressional deformation), and (2) the history of the kinematic and geodynamic evolution of the basin. All of these unknowns have prevented a complete and thorough analysis of modalities of the Algerian margin inversion. This study focuses on the Central Algerian margin, in the area of Tipaza (West of Algiers), a key region to understand the mechanism of the opening of the Algerian basin. Processing and analysis of a deep wide-angle and multichannel seismic new data set acquired in the context of the French-Algerian project SPIRAL (Sismique profonde et Investigation Régionales en Algérie, 2009)have enabled us to determine the crustal structure of the Algerian basin and its southern continental margin,as well as the pseudo-3D structure of a specific feature in the study area: the submarine topographic highformed by the Khayr-al-Din bank. The analysis of the deep structure of the margin reveals features inherited from its complex evolution: (1) a crust of continental nature of more than 15 km thick at the upper margin(Khayr-al-Din Bank), (2) a thin crust of oceanic nature, 5-6 thick in the deep basin, including slightly high velocities at its base (7.2 km/s - 7.3 km/s), (3) similarities with margins formed in context of transform deformation, (4) a progressive deepening of the whole sedimentary cover and the thickening of the Plio-Quaternary sediments, from the distal deep basin towards the margin foot, coeval with (5) a long wavelengthflexuration of the basement in the basin. Results from this study provide new constraints on (1) the geometryand nature of the margin and the basin, (2) the evolution of the margin, suggesting a multiphased history including a stage of rifting and/or oceanic spreading, a transcurrent episode due to the westward migration of the Alboran block, and a diffuse Plio-Quaternary compressional reactivation distributed from the deep basinto the upper margin; (3) the mechanisms of the reactivation marked by newly formed south-dipping blind-thrusts, especially at the foot of the Khayr-al-Din bank, and suggesting a Plio-Quaternary uplift of the bankof 0.2 mm/y to 0.75 mm/y and the early stages of imbricate thrusting of crustal scales
Laurencin, Muriel. "Etude de la géométrie, de la nature et des déformations de la zone de subduction des Petites Antilles du Nord". Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0096/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn subduction zones, the 3D geometry of the plate interface is one of the key parameters that controls margin tectonic deformation, interplate coupling and seismogenic behavior. The North American plate subducts below the Caribbean plate with a convergence rate of 20 mm/y. The seismic activity is heterogeneous and increases locally under the Virgin Islands platform. The northward increasing convergence obliquity is favorable in partitioning which deformations were not really observed. This PhD confirms that the forearc crust is a crust of oceanic affinity thickened by hotspot magmatism and poorly affected by subduction magmatism. Two structures accommodating the partitioning of the deformation were identified. The Bunce Fault is a 850-kmlength sinistral strike-slip fault extending from Hispaniola to the east of Barbuda decoupling the accretionary prism from the Caribbean substratum. The Anegada Passage, whose extension towards the NE is highlighted, entailed deeply the forearc. The structures are reactivated in sinistral strike-slip faults compatible with the partitioning of the deformation after formation in extension due to the collision of the Bahamas Bank with the northern margin. We image for the first time the characteristics of a slow ridge formation (partly complex core and partly oceanic grain) entering in subduction. It affects the morphology of the accretion prism and probably the seismogenic potential of the subduction interface. We have highlighted a shallower slab which is located under the NE Anegada Passage and where earthquakes and partitioning deformations increase locally. Thus, the shallowing slab might results in a local greater interplate coupling favoring seismic activity and tectonic partitioning beneath the Anegada Passage
Mihoubi, Abdelhafid. "Imagerie sismique de la structure profonde de la marge Algérienne orientale (secteur de Jijel) : implications en terme de potentiel pétrolier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0037.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis has been conducted within the framework of the Algerian-French research cooperation program SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales du Nord de l’Algérie). This project aims to study the deep structure of the Algerian margin. The area covered by this study focuses in the region of Jijel in eastern Algerian margin.The main objective of our thesis is to improve depth imaging of the Algerian margin using a combined approach of seismic techniques; wide-angle and multi- channel seismic data. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new knowledge to answer some questions about the nature of the crust, the area of continental -oceanic transition, the presence of Messinian salt, its distribution and relationship between surface sedimentary formations and crustal structures.This study presents the results of a deep seismic survey across the north Algerian margin, based on the combination of 2D multi-channel and wide-angle seismic data simultaneously recorded by 41 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along a North-South line extending 180 km off Jijel into the Algerian offshore basin, and 25 land stations deployed along a 100 km-long line, cutting through the Lesser Kabylia and the Tellian thrust-belt.In this study, our approach is a joint inversion of wide-angle seismic recordings (OBS, ocean bottom seismometers) and multi- channel seismic data (MCS). We conducted a series of first arrivals tomography, a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals and gravity modelling. Since the solution of the inverse problem is not unique, two tomography programs were applied using the same data for the same study area; FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) and Tomo2D. Tomography was followed by a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals following an approach based on the combination of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (PSDM) for MCS data and forward modelling of OBS. To check the consistency of the velocity model with gravity data, the free air anomaly was modeled.The final model obtained using forward modelling of the wide-angle data and pre-stack depth migration of the seismic reflection data provides an unprecedented view of the sedimentary and crustal structure of the margin. The sedimentary layers in the Algerian basin are 3.75 km thick to the north and up to 4.5 to 5 km thick at the foot of the margin. They are characterised by seismic velocities from 1.9 km/s to 3.8 km/s. Messinian salt formations are about 1 km thick in the study area, and are modelled and imaged using a velocity between 3.7 km/s to 3.8 km/s. The crust in the deep sea basin is about 4.5 km thick and of oceanic origin, presenting two distinct layers with a high gradient upper crust (4.7 km/s - 6.1 km) and a low gradient lower crust (6.2 km/s - 7.1 km/s). The upper mantle velocity is constrained to 7.9 km/s. The ocean-continent transition zone is very narrow between 15 km to 20 km wide. The continental crust reaches 25 km thickness as imaged from the most landward station and thins to 5 km over a less than 70 km distance. The continental crust presents steep and asymmetric upper and lower crustal geometry, possibly due to either asymmetric rifting of the margin, an underplated body, or flow of lower crustal material towards the ocean basin. Present-time deformation, as imaged from 3 additional seismic profiles, is characterized by an interplay of gravity-driven mobile-salt creep and active thrusting at the foot of the tectonically inverted Algerian margin
Mihoubi, Abdelhafid. "Imagerie sismique de la structure profonde de la marge Algérienne orientale (secteur de Jijel) : implications en terme de potentiel pétrolier". Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0037/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis has been conducted within the framework of the Algerian-French research cooperation program SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales du Nord de l’Algérie). This project aims to study the deep structure of the Algerian margin. The area covered by this study focuses in the region of Jijel in eastern Algerian margin.The main objective of our thesis is to improve depth imaging of the Algerian margin using a combined approach of seismic techniques; wide-angle and multi- channel seismic data. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new knowledge to answer some questions about the nature of the crust, the area of continental -oceanic transition, the presence of Messinian salt, its distribution and relationship between surface sedimentary formations and crustal structures.This study presents the results of a deep seismic survey across the north Algerian margin, based on the combination of 2D multi-channel and wide-angle seismic data simultaneously recorded by 41 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along a North-South line extending 180 km off Jijel into the Algerian offshore basin, and 25 land stations deployed along a 100 km-long line, cutting through the Lesser Kabylia and the Tellian thrust-belt.In this study, our approach is a joint inversion of wide-angle seismic recordings (OBS, ocean bottom seismometers) and multi- channel seismic data (MCS). We conducted a series of first arrivals tomography, a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals and gravity modelling. Since the solution of the inverse problem is not unique, two tomography programs were applied using the same data for the same study area; FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) and Tomo2D. Tomography was followed by a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals following an approach based on the combination of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (PSDM) for MCS data and forward modelling of OBS. To check the consistency of the velocity model with gravity data, the free air anomaly was modeled.The final model obtained using forward modelling of the wide-angle data and pre-stack depth migration of the seismic reflection data provides an unprecedented view of the sedimentary and crustal structure of the margin. The sedimentary layers in the Algerian basin are 3.75 km thick to the north and up to 4.5 to 5 km thick at the foot of the margin. They are characterised by seismic velocities from 1.9 km/s to 3.8 km/s. Messinian salt formations are about 1 km thick in the study area, and are modelled and imaged using a velocity between 3.7 km/s to 3.8 km/s. The crust in the deep sea basin is about 4.5 km thick and of oceanic origin, presenting two distinct layers with a high gradient upper crust (4.7 km/s - 6.1 km) and a low gradient lower crust (6.2 km/s - 7.1 km/s). The upper mantle velocity is constrained to 7.9 km/s. The ocean-continent transition zone is very narrow between 15 km to 20 km wide. The continental crust reaches 25 km thickness as imaged from the most landward station and thins to 5 km over a less than 70 km distance. The continental crust presents steep and asymmetric upper and lower crustal geometry, possibly due to either asymmetric rifting of the margin, an underplated body, or flow of lower crustal material towards the ocean basin. Present-time deformation, as imaged from 3 additional seismic profiles, is characterized by an interplay of gravity-driven mobile-salt creep and active thrusting at the foot of the tectonically inverted Algerian margin
Dellong, David. "Failles actives et structures profondes de la Marge Est-Sicilienne". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0065/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean) the slow convergence between Africa and Eurasia results in the formation of a narrow subduction zone. The nature of the crust of the subducting plate remains debated and could represent the last remnants of the Neo-Tethys ocean. The origin of the Ionian basin is also under discussion, especially concerning the rifting mechanisms as the Malta Escarpment could represent a remnant of this opening. This subduction retreats toward the south-east (motion occurring since the last 35 Ma) but is confined to the narrow Ionian basin. A major lateral slab tear fault is required to accommodate the slab rollback.This fault is thought to propagate along the eastern Sicily margin but its precise location remains controversial.This PhD project focussed on the deep sedimentary and crustal structures of the eastern Sicily margin and the Malta Escarpment (ME). Two two-dimensional P wave velocity models were modelled by forward Modelling of wide-angle seismic data, acquired onboard the R/V Meteor during the DIONYSUS cruise in 2014.A 3D gravity model of the region was also performed to constrain the depth of the subducting slab bellow the Calabro-Peloritan backstops. The seismicity of the three structures identified in the velocity models (ME, Alfeo fault System, Ionian Fault System) permits to study their recent activity. The results image an oceanic crust within the Ionian basin as well as the deep structure of the Malta Escarpment, which presents characteristics of a transform margin. A deep and asymmetrical sedimentary basin is imaged south of the Messina strait and seems to have opened between the Calabrian and Peloritan continental terranes. In the western lobe of the Calabrian accretionary prism, the southern velocity model allows to observe the indentation of the internal clastic wedge into the external evaporitic wedge, thus showing the recent activity of this lobe. The interpretation of the velocity models suggests that the major STEP fault is located east of the Malta Escarpment, along the Alfeo Fault System
Gonçalves, Susana Ferreira D. S. "Geophysical characterization of the Crustal structures from Equatorial to North-East Brazilian margins". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04619710.
Texto completo da fonteAdaptation and application of 3D gravity inversion with seismic constraint method to the study of the deep crustal structures of the Northwest Brazil passive margins. With a layer-stripping approach, the method has the capacity, robustness and coherency to study the geometry of the Moho discontinuity, or any other crustal layer, within the context of the passive margins environment. The obtained results have sufficient accuracy to distinguish transitions between different domains – continental domain, necking zones and oceanic domain. It is also capable to identify differences within the same domain when analyzing two parallel profiles, for example.Imaging of deep crustal structures with Reverse Time Migration method applied to two Wide-Angle Seismic data profiles, acquired by Ocean Bottom Seismometers and Land Seismic Stations. The method has capacity to image these type of structures in the two domains. The analysis of the two results is an important tool to investigate the shape and geometry of the necking zone even in profiles with asymmetric shooting. It is also shown the essential contribution of the refracted wavefield for its success.Merge of three sub-parallel Wide-Angle Seismic profiles in the Northwest area of Brazil into a unique profile of approximately 1800 km in length, providing an unique perspective on the evolution process of the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. The merged profile showcases the similarities between the Equatorial and Central margins of the South Atlantic Ocean in spite of the different geodynamic processes and time of opening
Dallaire, Xavier. "Miniaturisation de lentilles grand angle". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28321.
Texto completo da fonteThe miniaturization of optical systems, particularly wide-angle systems, is a subject of great importance. The reduction in size of optical components allows the integration of cameras in a wider range of applications. Even though continuous improvements in production techniques have led to great advances in the field of miniaturization, new techniques have to be developed in order to further miniaturize. The aim of this PhD project is to adapt and develop miniaturization techniques applicable to wide-angle optical systems. Through the study of various miniaturization techniques, the folded lens joined to foveated imaging and the correction of aberration via plenoptic imaging were retained as candidates allowing the miniaturization of wide-angle camera. Chapitre 3 gives an overall picture of the various avenues used in the literature for the miniaturization of optical systems. A short description of the techniques is presented as well as the reasons why some were discarded. An original miniature wide-angle endoscope design is presented in Chapitre 4, as well as the entire design and tolerancing process. The use of a fold in the system reduces the effective size of the system. Foveated imaging is used to control magnification in areas of interest. Two versions of the endoscope with different variations of their lfl are analyzed. It is shown that active control of distortion at during design can maintain the performance of an optical system in certain key regions of the field of view while reducing the number of elements that compose it. A reprojection algorithm for reconstructing an aberrated plenoptic image is presented in Chapitre 5. It is shown, through simulations, that it is possible to correct aberrations present in an optical system. Monochromatic, polychromatic and wide angle cases were successfully addressed and corrected. It was also demonstrated that the correction algorithm do not amplify the noise present in the original image. Finally, a simple prototype of a plenoptic camera was designed and tested in the laboratory.
Escalle-Lewis, Aurelie. "Etudes autour de ligands phosphorés à grand angle de morsure à base de phospholes". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00782147.
Texto completo da fonteEscalle, Aurélie. "Etudes autour de ligands phosphorés à grand angle de morsure à base de phospholes". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPXX0076.
Texto completo da fonteDallois, Laurent. "Propagation des ondes acoustiques dans les milieux en mouvement : extension grand angle de l'approximation parabolique". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1864_ldallois.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteValette, Olivier. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la résolution double trace du détecteur à grand angle solide Diogène". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601694f.
Texto completo da fonteEssebbar, Abderrahman. "Séparation paramétrique des ondes en sismique". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785644.
Texto completo da fonteValette, Olivier. "Contribution à l"amélioration de la résolution double trace du détecteur à grand angle solide diogène". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112239.
Texto completo da fonteThe equation of state and the properties of dense nuclear matter are of considerable theoretical interest. The experimental study of such a problem can only be done in the laboratory with relativistic heavy ions collisions. Since inclusive measurements have proven to be rather insensitive to the equation of state, large solid angle detectors have been developed to measure most of the charged particles emitted in these collisions. Such a detector, Diogène, can only accept up to about 40 particles. This limitation comes from the double crack resolution of the detector. The interest for heavy colliding systems and the future improvement of the Saturn synchrotron showed the need for a change of the present electronics with a fixed integration time to a new sampling electronics. For comparative tests, such an electronics has been added to a small part of the detector, together with the existing system. Charge-coupled devices (CCD) which offer a large dynamic range have been selected for such a purpose. The sampling frequency has been limited to 50 MHz because of present data acquisition constraints. The use of a simple algorithm has led to an improvement of the double track resolution, by a factor of three. A specific technique has been used to keep a good localization in the transverse plane of the detector. It however has damaged somewhat the spatial resolution in the longitudinal direction. Therefore the whole detector equipment seems to require a 100 MHz sampling rate, although the present 50 MHz eco electronics can already be used to help trajectory reconstruction
Khomutenko, Bogdan. "Contribution à la Perception Visuelle Basée Caméras Grand Angle pour la Robotique Mobile et Les Véhicules Autonomes". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0010/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents a novel projection model for fisheye cameras, which is mathematically simple and yet shows a high precision when applied to real cameras. Geometric properties of the model have been analyzed using the concept of projection surface, introduced in this work. In particular, a closed-form inverse mapping and an implicit equation for straight line projection have been found. This fact has been used to develop a method of direct stereo correspondence on raw fisheye images via rasterization of implicit curve. This correspondence algorithm allows us to apply the Semi-Global Matching algorithm to get an accurate 3D reconstruction using fisheye stereo systems. All these elements have been shown to be applicable to a direct visual localization system with two different methods of image registration: direct photometric error minimization and mutual information maximization. Intrinsic and extrinsic calibration of a mobile robot with fisheye cameras has been considered and a toolbox for such a calibration has been developed
Ker, Stéphan. "Développement de méthodes d'imagerie sismique par grand fond et d'analyse multiéchelle par ondelettes pour la caractérisation à haute résolution du sous-sol marin". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0007.
Texto completo da fonteHigh Resolution marine seismic is a common tool to indirectly study the fine scale structures of the sub-seabed and its related geohazards. In water depths, ranging from the continental slope to deep oceanic basin, high resolution seismic imaging cannot be achieved with conventional near-surface system due to a number of shortcomings. Since the 90s, the acquisition strategy has therefore striven for lowering both seismic sources and receivers close to the seafloor. Ifremer has recently developed a deeptowed seismic system (SYSIF), based on piezoelectric transducer technology and dedicated to the study of superficial sediments up to 6000 m water depth. Our objective is to achieve seismic imaging and seismic characterization at small scales consistent with the accuracy of in situ geotechnical measurements. We aim at improving the seismic resolution of the deep-towed seismic data and proposing quantitative methods for the characterization of the sediments properties. The processing sequence of SYSIF data was first optimized by introducing the source signature deconvolution. We improve the vertical resolution by a factor 2 and reach 1 m and. 5 m resolution for the frequency ranges [220-1050 Hz] and [580-2200 Hz] respectively. In order to improve the lateral resolution, we assess the multioffset seismic imaging by setting up an experience based on the SYSIF source [220- 1050 Hz] and Ocean Bottom Hydrophones (OBHs). Such an acquisition requires precise positioning (which is achieved through acoustic relocation of sources and receivers) and the development of velocity analysis, processing and imaging methods suited to the acquisition geometry. We present a first application of this approach, performed during the ERIG3D cruise on a buried Mass transport Complex offshore Nigeria. The final seismic imaging has a 2. 5 m lateral resolution and demonstrates the feasibility of a high resolution depth imaging in deep-sea based on deep-towed seismic source. The former results allowed the development of a multichannel high resolution streamer to be started by Ifremer. To further improve the vertical resolution and to characterize the small scales structures of reflectors, we develop a multiscale analysis of deep-towed seismic data. This analysis relies on the wavelet response closely related to the continuous wavelet transform. The application of the wavelet response to broadband seismic data suffers from distortions generated by the bandpass filter effect of the seismic source. Two approaches have been proposed to account for these distortions. A first empirical approach is based on the wavelet transform of the seismic source. The second approach takes advantages of the properties of Lévy alpha-stable functions to obtain a family of effective dilated wavelets that enables the direct analysis of the medium’s Green functions. For the application on SYSIF data, gaussian derivatives are used which enable to merge information provided by both SYSIF sources (High and Very High Resolution) to obtain a wavelet response in the frequency range [220-2200 Hz]. We introduce new seismic attributes related to the wavelet response. These attributes are ridge functions of the wavelet response which constitute a sparse support of the multiscale information. Ridge function is an effective tool to characterize seismic reflector’s complexity and allow the determination of their characteristic size (in the range [24-115 cm] for SYSIF sources). Theoretical developments related to these new seismic attributes are applied on a case study associating seismic and ground truth data which enables to demonstrate the potential of the approach. Finally, we explore both the optimization of the source processing based on the fractional derivatives of the most adapted Lévy alpha-stable function and the acoustic impedance determination based on the inverse continuous wavelet transform. Thus, a first application of the inverse transform of the wavelet response related to SYSIF data provides an impedance profile with a vertical resolution of 25 cm
Ganjehi, Lili. "Ondes de choc acoustiques en milieu hétérogène, des ultrasons au bang sonique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590909.
Texto completo da fonteVoorhees, Jacob Isaac. "Structure of Collisional Metamorphism, Soft-Sediment Deformation, and Low-Angle Normal Faulting in the Beaver Dam Mountains". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8698.
Texto completo da fonteMartens, Aurélien. "Towards a measurement of the angle γ of the Unitarity Triangle with the LHCb detector at the LHC (CERN) : calibration of the calorimeters using an energy flow technique and first observation of the Bs0 -> D0K*0". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634057.
Texto completo da fonteSun, Ruoci. "Comportement en grand temps et intégrabilité de certaines équations dispersives sur l'espace de Hardy Long time behavior of the NLS-Szegö equation Traveling waves of the quintic focusing NLS-Szegö equation Complete integrability of the Benjamin-Ono equation on the multi-soliton manifolds". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS111.
Texto completo da fonteWe are interested in three non linear dispersive Hamiltonian equations: the defocusing cubic Schrödinger equation filtered by the Szegö projector on the torus that cancels every negative Fourier modes, leading to the cubic NLS--Szegö equation on the torus; the focusing quintic Schrödinger equation, which is filtered by the Szegö projector on the line, leading to the quintic NLS--Szegö equation on the line and the Benjamin--Ono (BO) equation on the line. Similarly to the other two models, the BO equation on the line can be written as a quadratic Schrödinger-type equation that is filtered by the Szegö projector on the line. These three models allow us to study their qualitative properties of some traveling waves, the phenomenon of the growth of Sobolev norms, the phenomenon of non linear scattering and some properties about the complete integrability of Hamiltonian dynamical systems. The goal of this thesis is to investigate the influence of the Szegö projector on some one-dimensional Schrödinger-type equations and to adapt the tools of the Hardy space on the torus and on the line. We also use the Birkhoff normal form transform, the concentration--compactness argument, refined as the profile decomposition theorem, and the inverse spectral transform in order to solve these problems. In the third model, the integrability theory allows to establish the connection with some algebraic and geometric aspects
Rousseau, Karine. "Étude géométrique, structurale et chimique par microscopie électronique en transmission de joints de grains de surface dans Si". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066323.
Texto completo da fonteVallier, Alexis. "Measurement of the CKM angle gamma in the B⁰->DK*⁰ decays using the Dalitz method in the LHCb experiment at CERN and photon reconstruction optimisation for the LHCb detector upgrade". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112175/document.
Texto completo da fonteQuark mixing is described in the standard model of particle physics with the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mecanism. The angle gamma of the unitarity triangle is one of the parameters of this mecanism that is still determined with a large uncertainty. It can be measured without significant contribution of new physics, making it a standard model key measurement. The current precision of the best direct measurement of gamma is approximately 10°, whereas the global fits of the CKM parameters determine this angle up to a few degrees. Therefore precise measurement of this quantity is needed to further constrain the Unitarity Triangle of the CKM matrix, and check the consistency of the theory. This thesis reports a measurement of gamma with a Dalitz analysis of the B0->DK*0 channel where the D meson decays into K0Spipi, based on the 3 fb⁻¹ of proton-proton collision data collected by LHCb during the LHC Run I, at the centre-of-mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV. This channel is sensitive to gamma through the interference between the b->u and b->c transitions. The CP violation observables are measured to be x- = -0.09 ^{+0.13}_{-0.13} ± 0.09 ± 0.01 , x+ = -0.10 ^{+0.27}_{-0.26} ± 0.06 ± 0.01 , y- = 0.23 ^{+0.15}_{-0.16} ± 0.04 ± 0.01 , y+ = -0.74 ^{+0.23}_{-0.26} ± 0.07 ± 0.01 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is the systematic uncertainty due to the Dalitz model. A frequentist interpretation of these observables leads to rB0 = 0.39±0.13 , deltaB0 = ( 186^{+24}_{-23} )°, gamma = ( 77^{+23}_{-24} )° , where rB0 is the magnitude of the ratio between the suppressed and favoured decays and deltaB0 the strong phase difference between these two decays. In addition, the work performed on the optimisation of the photon reconstruction for the upgraded LHCb detector is reported. During LHC Run III, the LHCb instantaneous luminosity will be increased by a factor five, implying a larger shower overlap in the electromagnetic calorimeter. The study shows that reducing the cluster size used in the photon reconstruction limits the effect of the overlap between the showers, without inducing a significant energy leakage. With some dedicated corrections, the new cluster reconstruction improves the Bs->Phi gamma mass resolution by 7 to 12%, depending on the calorimeter region
Gravier, Thierry. "Etude de l'architecture émetteur/base de transistors bipolaires simple polysilicium pour filières BICMOS 0. 5-0. 35 µm". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10262.
Texto completo da fontePrincipaud, Mélanie. "Morphologie, architecture et dynamique sédimentaire d'une pente carbonatée moderne : le Great Bahama Bank (Bahamas)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0301/document.
Texto completo da fonteAn analysis of multi-beam echo sounder, sub-bottom profiler (Chirp) and multichannel seismic,highligths the present-day sedimentary dynamics and the Neogene-Quaternary architectural and stratigraphicevolution along the northwestern leeward margin of the Great Bahama Bank.The morpho-bathymetric analysis reveals an aragonite mud-dominated slope, and a broad spectrum ofsedimentary structures, related to various hydrodynamic processes. The density cascading currents associatedwith tidal currents and prevailing easterly winds correspond to the dominant transport mechanisms operatingalong the margin. The Bimini area displays a short and steep slope, stabilized at shelf edge by rimmed reefalbarrier, which constrains the off-bank export of materials.The stratigraphic architecture shows a complex evolution of the slope during the Neogene. The end ofthe Paleogene is marked by a continuous aggrading slope detached from the shelf by a fault escarpment. It passesinto a low angle slope-apron attached to the platform in the Miocene, and ends with an accretionary system witha steepened slope in the Pleistocene. Although the slope deposits are mud-dominated, they show rapid lateralvariations (< 30 km) from South to North throughout the Neogene with the establishment of turbidite aprons,debrite layers and large Mass Transport Complexes. These facies interact since the Langhian with the SantarenDrift which gradually extends and migrates along the slope until today. The maximum extent of the drift occursduring the upper Pliocene and coincides with a global oceanographic reorganization and major climate changesin the northern hemisphere, related to the closure of the Central American Seaway
Milovanovitch, Vladan D. "Comportement dynamique des barrages en béton et prise en compte des effets de site sur les ondes sismiques incidentes". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529511.
Texto completo da fonteMaria, Robert Daniel. "Study of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in D° decays in the Belle II experiment". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE034/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe are studying the sensitivity of Belle II with 50 ab-1 data to the βc angle of the c-u unitarity triangle, with a time-dependent measurement of the CP asymmetry in the D0 decays. We show that such a measurement is still statistically limited, with a total expected incertitude of 3°.This measurement relies on the reconstruction of soft momenta, impacted by the SuperKEKB induced background.Two PLUME ladders will be used to study this background, therefore a study on the performances of PLUME was performed. The spatial resolution is of 1.8 µm and 3.5 µm for 0° and 36° tilted tracks respectivelly.We also propose to improve the estimation of soft momenta using the energy depositions of charged particles in the silicon layers of the inner tracker. Our estimator improves by approximately 2 % the resolution on momentum for particles which do not penetrate the central tracking system
Amitrano, Davide. "Emission acoustique des roches et endommagement : approches experimentale et numerique, application a la sismicite miniere". Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10002.
Texto completo da fonteChoong, Wai Keong. "The determination of contact angle of water on graphite surface using grand canonical transition matrix Monte Carlo /". 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1441199861&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completo da fonteTitle from PDF title page (viewed on unex. 17, 2008) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Errington, Jeffrey R., Kofke, David A. Includes bibliographical references.