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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Simulations hémodynamiques"
Garreau, Morgane. "Simulations hémodynamiques pour l'IRM : contrôle qualité, optimisation et intégration à la pratique clinique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS040.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of hemodynamics, i.e. the dynamics of blood flow, is considered by the medical community as an essential biomarker to characterize the onset and the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a non-invasive and non-ionizing technique, allows to reconstruct morphological images of the biological tissues. Recent progresses have made it possible to access the temporal evolution of the blood velocity field in the three spatial directions. This technique, known as 4D flow MRI, is still little used in the clinical practice due to its low spatiotemporal resolution and its long scan time.This thesis aims at studying how the 4D flow MRI sequence performs. To begin with, the impact of accelerated sequences (GRAPPA, compressed sensing) on reconstructed velocity fields is studied in a framework combining experimental measurements in a flow phantom and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It is shown that the highly accelerated sequence with compressed sensing is in good agreement with numerical simulation as long as appropriate corrections are applied, namely with respect to the eddy currents. Then, the impact of a sequence parameter, namely partial echo, is investigated. The study is conducted thanks to a methodology coupling the simulation of the MR acquisition process with CFD and allowing to reconstruct synthetic MR images (SMRI). This configuration is freed from experimental errors and allows to only focus on the errors intrinsic to the MRI process. Two realistic constructor sequences, without and with partial echo, are simulated for two types of flow in a numerical flow fantom. For both flows, the sequence with partial echo results in overall better results. It suggests that the mitigation of the displacement artifacts made possible by the partial echo has a greater impact than the reduced MR signal acquired that it induces. Furthermore, the coupled MRI-CFD simulation appears as a tool of interest in the context of sequence design and optimization. It could be expanded to other types of MR sequences
Saccaro, Ludovica. "Vers l'évaluation du risque des anévrismes de l'aorte abdominale par modélisation géométrique et simulations hémodynamiques d'ordre réduit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0025.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on a specific pathology affecting the abdominal section of the aorta, known as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). An aneurysm involves a persistent and localized weakening of the vessel wall, leading to enlargements and bulges, causing recirculation and turbulence of blood flow.Our thesis outlines a methodology for geometric modeling of abdominal aneurysms. The process involves acquiring CT images, reconstructing the aorta 3D geometry, and isolating the aneurysm. The modeling phase begins by identifying and approximating the centerline of the aortic vessel using B-spline functions. The aortic wall is then partitioned and profiled using Fourier series.To evaluate its effectiveness, the developed technique is applied to a dataset of CT scans from patients. Reconstructions obtained from the scans are also presented as examples to detail each step of the procedure. In addition, a quantitative evaluation and rationale behind modeling parameters are explained. Then, as a first application, the modeling is integrated into a registration process for clinical diagnosis and follow-up.The geometrical modeling procedure developed is used in a pipeline for hemodynamic simulations and risk assessment, employing a reduced-order modeling approach to construct a reduced solution space. Simulations, utilizing parameterized geometries, are conducted under realistic conditions, and risk indicators are computed and linked to the geometrical representation using Radial Basis Functions interpolant. Finally, predictions on risk indicators are obtained for an unknown geometry. The results, despite being promising, can be further improved by appropriately augmenting the initial dataset.To address the aforementioned scarcity of clinical data, we devised an automated workflow for generating synthetic geometries. This approach allows for the identification of relevant geometry parameters and involves machine learning to generate a virtual patient population consistent with the original data. In addition to improving the predictive capability of reduced models, the method can also be applied prospectively for in-silico trials and studies involving virtual patient populations
Bollache, Emilie. "Caractérisation hémodynamique de l'aorte thoracique par IRM, tonométrie d'applanation et simulations numériques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958757.
Texto completo da fonteBossuet, Philippe. "Simulation in vitro de la macrocirculation cérébrale en pathologie carotidienne : comparaison aux données de la simulation numérique". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT060H.
Texto completo da fonteEvin, Morgane. "Caractérisation de la fonction hémodynamique suite au remplacement valvulaire mitral. Etude in-vitro". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4123.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD work is divided into four different parts. the first part concerns the hemodynamic characterization by in-vitro cardiovascular testing of mitral valvular prosthesis from different manufacturers in order to provide reference values for clinical diagnosis. The second part focus on bi leaflet mechanical heart valve in each pressure recovery resulting of flow through the three orifices could lead to an overestimation of transvalvular pressure gradient. This could create ambigious assessment in case of high value of transvalvular pressure gradient. This part aims to quantify this pressure recovery and identify the influence of dysfunction (leaflet obstruction or patient prosthesis mismatch) on this value. Third part consists in valve-in-valve procedure in which a transcatheter valve is impllanted in a failled bioprosthesis. It provides in vitro testing, first globally, of assemblies composed of SAPIEN Edwards prostheses in different manufacturers' bioprosthesis.As highlighted in the previous parts inflows of the mitral prostheses can not be considered as plane and results of left atrium flow patterns. The last part studies the left atrium flow following mitral valve replacement
Levilly, Sébastien. "Quantification de biomarqueurs hémodynamiques en imagerie cardiovasculaire par résonance magnétique de flux 4D". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0007.
Texto completo da fonteIn cardiovascular imaging, a biomarker is quantitative information correlated with an existing or growing cardiovascular pathology. Biomarkers are generally obtained by anatomy and blood flow imaging. Recently, the 4D Flow MRI sequence opened new opportunities in measuring the blood flow within a 3D volume along the cardiac cycle. However, this sequence is a compromise between signalto-noise ratio, resolution and acquisition time. Allocated time being limited, velocity measurements are noisy and low resolution. In that context, biomarkers' quantification is challenging. This thesis's purpose is to enhance biomarkers' quantification and particularly for the wall shear stress (WSS). Two strategies have been investigated to reach that objective. A first solution allowing the spatiotemporal filtering of the velocity field has been proposed. It revealed the importance of the wall for the velocity field modelization. A second approach, being the major contribution of this work, focused on the design of a WSS quantification algorithm. This algorithm, named PaLMA, is based on the local modelization of the wall to build a velocity model near a point of interest. The WSS is computed from the velocity model. This algorithm embeds an a posteriori regularization step to improve the WSS quantification. Besides, a blurring model of 4D Flow MRI is used for the first time in the WSS quantification context. Finally, this algorithm has been validated over synthetic datasets, with carotids' complex flows, concerning the signal-to-noise ratio, the resolution, and the segmentation. The performances of PaLMA are superior to a reference solution in that domain, within a clinical routine context
Tanné, David. "Déterminants hémodynamiques de l'hypertension pulmonaire et de la thromboembolie suite au remplacement valvulaire mitral : étude in-vitro sur un simulateur atrio-ventriculaire gauche et pulmonaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26014/26014.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMitral valve diseases induce left atrial pressure or volume overload. The resulting increase of left atrial pressure, in turn, leads to secondary abnormalities, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation and thromboembolism. Therefore, the main goals of mitral valve replacement are to restore the valvular hemodynamics and to normalize the secondary abnormalities. The general objective of this thesis is to better understand the complex interactions between the valve substitute, the intra-atrial flow patterns, and the pulmonary circulation. We, therefore, developed a new in-vitro pulsed atrio-ventricular mock circulatory system to investigate these interactions. The setup is based on the perfect synchronization between the contractions and relaxations of the two cardiac cavities, which are mimicked by two silicone moulds. Two pumps, real time servo-controlled, allow the double rigid and synchronized activations of the moulds, and the control of left atrial and left ventricular volumes. A Windkessel model is used as the pulmonary circulation and a third pump mimick the right ventricular ejection. Pressure-volume curves of the cardiac cavities and aortic and pulmonary impedances, measured in-vitro, are totally concordant with the cardiac physiology, except the amplitude of the left atrial pressure which remains too elevated. The anatomical shape of the left atrial mould includes the four pulmonary veins and the left atrial appendage. This realistic geometry allows flow patterns very closed to those observed in-vivo. Their visualization is performed using multi-planes three components particle image velocimetry, associated with an automatic mask generation. Using a numerical approach, we investigated the impact of mitral prosthesis-patient mismatch on left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures. The numerical model was used to validate the cut-off values of indexed effective orifice areas generally used to define the presence and the severity of prosthesis-patient mismatch in the clinical setting. With the use of the mock circulatory system, we showed that the effective orifice area of mitral prostheses may exhibit variations of ±30% during diastole, which contradicts the previous hypothesis stating that this variable remains constant during this period. Finally, we described the positive impact of the mechanical mitral prosthetic valve regurgitation on thrombogenesis, similarly to mitral insufficiency, to the expense of an increase of the pulmonary arterial pressure. The new knowledge and the new experimental setup presented in this thesis may prove to be useful to optimize the design of mitral prosthetic valves and the performance of mitral valve replacement.
Aletti, Matteo Carlo Maria. "Mathematical modelling and simulations of the hemodynamics in the eye". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066031/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe structure of the eye offers a unique opportunity to directly observe the microcirculation, by means, for instance, of fundus camera, which are cheap devices commonly used in the clinical practice. This can facilitate the screening of systemic deseases such as diabetes and hypertension, or eye diseases such as glaucoma. A key phenomenon in the microcirculation is the autoregulation, which is the ability of certain vessels to adapt their diameter to regulate the blood flow rate in response to changes in the systemic pressure or metabolic needs. Impairments in autoregulation are strongly correlated with pathological states. The hemodynamics in the eye is influenced by the intraocular pressure (IOP), the pressure inside the eye globe, which is in turn influenced by the ocular blood flow. The interest in the IOP stems from the fact that it plays a role in several eye-diseases, such as glaucoma. Mathematical modelling can help in interpreting the interplay between these phenomena and better exploit the available data. In the first part of the thesis we present a simplified fluid-structure interaction model that includes autoregulation. A layer of fibers in the vessel wall models the smooth muscle cells that regulate the diameter of the vessel. The model is applied to a 3D image-based network of retinal arterioles. In the second part, we propose a multi-compartments model of the eye. We use the equations of poroelasticity to model the blood flow in the choroid. The model includes other compartments that transmit the pulsatility from the choroid to the anterior chamber, where the measurements of the IOP are actually performed. We present some preliminary results on the choroid, the aqueous humor and on the choroid coupled with the vitreous. Finally, we present a reduced order modelling technique to speed up multiphysics simulations. We use high fidelity models for the compartments of particular interest from the modelling point of view. The other compartments are instead replaced by a reduced representation of the corresponding Steklov-Poincaré operator
Puiseux, Thomas. "Numerical simulations for phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS109.
Texto completo da fonteHemodynamics (blood flow dynamics) is now recognized as a key marker in the onset and evolution of many cardiovascular disorders such as aneurysms, stenoses, or blood clot formation. As it provides a comprehensive access to blood flows in-vivo, time-resolved 3D phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (or 4D Flow MRI) has gained an increasing interest over the last years and stands out as a highly relevant tool for diagnosis, patient follow-up and research in cardiovascular diseases. On top of providing a non-invasive access to the 3D velocity field in-vivo, this technique allows retrospective quantification of velocity-derived hemodynamic biomarkers such as relative pressure or shear stress, which are pertinent for medical diagnosis but difficult to measure in practice. However, several acquisition parameters (spatio-temporal resolution, encoding velocity, imaging artifacts) might limit the expected accuracy of the measurements and potentially lead to erroneous diagnosis. Moreover, the intrinsic complexities of the MRI acquisition process make it generally difficult to localize the sources of measurement errors.This thesis aims at developing a methodology for the assessment of 4D Flow MRI measurements in complex flow configuration. A well-controlled experiment gathering an idealized in-vitro flow phantom generating flow structures typical of that observed in the cardiovascular system is designed. The flow is simultaneously predicted by means of a high-order Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and measured with 4D flow MRI. By evaluating the differences between the two modalities, it is first shown that the numerical solution can be considered very close to the ground truth velocity field. The analysis also reveals the typical errors present in 4D flow MRI images, whether relevant to the velocity field itself or to classical derived quantities (relative pressure, wall shear stress). Finally, a 4D Flow MRI simulation framework is developed and coupled with CFD to reconstruct the synthetic MR images of the reference flow that correspond to the acquisition protocol, but exempted from experimental measurement errors. Thanks to this new capability, the sources of the potential errors in 4D Flow MRI (hardware, software, sequence) can be identified
Audebert, Chloé. "Mathematical liver modeling : hemodynamics and function in hepatectomy". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066077/document.
Texto completo da fonteMajor liver resection is being performed to treat liver lesions or for adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation. Complications of these surgeries are related to a poor liver function. The links between liver hemodynamics, liver volume and liver function remain unclear and are important to better understand these complications. The surgery increases the resistance to blood flow in the organ, therefore it modifies liver hemodynamics. Large modifications of the portal vein hemodynamics have been associated with poor liver regeneration. Moreover the liver receives 25% of the cardiac outflow, therefore liver surgery may impact the whole blood circulation. In this context, the first goal is to investigate with mathematical models the impact of liver surgery on liver hemodynamics. The second goal is to study the liver perfusion and function with mathematical models. The first part describes the experimental conditions and reports the measurements recorded. Then, the second part focuses on the liver hemodynamics during partial hepatectomy. On one hand, the hemodynamics during several surgeries is quantitatively reproduced and explained by a closed-loop model based on ODE. On the other hand, the change of waveforms observed after different levels of liver resection is reproduced with a model of the global circulation, including 0D and 1D equations. This may contribute to a better understanding of the change of liver architecture induced by hepatectomy. Next, the transport in blood of a compound is studied. And a pharmacokinetics model and its parameter identification are developed to quantitatively analyze indocyanine green fluorescence dynamics in the liver tissue
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Simulations hémodynamiques"
VIGNON-CLEMENTEL, Irène E., e Sanjay PANT. "Simulations hémodynamiques : paramétrage, données cliniques, planification d’interventions". In Écoulements biologiques dans les grands vaisseaux, 139–61. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9065.ch5.
Texto completo da fonteBEN-AHMED, Sabrina, Jean-Noël ALBERTINI, Jean-Pierre FAVRE, C. Alberto FIGUEROA, Eugenio ROSSET, Francesca CONDEMI e Stéphane AVRIL. "Simulations numériques de l’impact hémodynamique des interventions endovasculaires complexes". In Écoulements biologiques dans les grands vaisseaux, 45–70. ISTE Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9065.ch2.
Texto completo da fonte