Bibliografias temáticas / Signal loss

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Signal loss"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 19 de fevereiro de 2022

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

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Jain, Amit, A. Jay Khanna e Hamid Hassanzadeh. "Management of intraoperative neuromonitoring signal loss". Seminars in Spine Surgery 27, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2015): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semss.2015.04.009.

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Haller, Sven, Michael Burke e Thomas L. Mueller. "MR skin signal loss effect/artifact". Neuroradiology 60, n.º 6 (22 de abril de 2018): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00234-018-2025-1.

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Jeong, Won Ho, Hong-Rak Choi e Kyung-Seok Kim. "Empirical Path-Loss Modeling and a RF Detection Scheme for Various Drones". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (6 de dezembro de 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6795931.

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This paper presents a path-loss model based on a radio-frequency (RF) detection scheme for various drones using 5G aerial communication over an industrial, scientific, and medical radio band (ISM band) network. We considered three communication modes of the ISM band for the channel characteristics analysis: the DJI Enhanced Spread Spectrum Technology (DESST) protocol, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. The drone signal detection scheme extracts the drone signal from the environment mixed with the general signal. The drone DESST signal is identified through cross-correlation of the received signal. The Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals are identified with the singular-value decomposition (SVD) algorithm by using the hopping characteristics. General and drone Wi-Fi signals are separated by in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) phase analysis over the measurement time. The windowed received signal strength indicator (RSSI) moving detection (WRMD) analysis identifies the drone Bluetooth signal according to the movement of the drone. The detected drone signal is channel modeled by the horizontal distance d according to the altitude θ. Finally, they verify their model by a ray-tracing simulation similar to the real environment. The model provides a simple and accurate prediction for designing future aerial communications systems according to changes in drone movement.
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Alapati, Yaswanth Kumar, e Suban Ravichandran. "An Efficient Signal Processing Model for Malicious Signal Identification and Energy Consumption Reduction for Improving Data Transmission Rate". Traitement du Signal 38, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2021): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380330.

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One of the fields which needs the most security is Ad hoc Network (ANET). The term ANET guarantees that there is no central authority so as to administer the signals. Security is a basic issue while using ANET for establishing communication. A ANET is an assortment of remote signals that can progressively be set up at anyplace and whenever without utilizing any prior system framework. Because of its volatile nature, it has mobility issues to improve the arrangement of the system. One of the difficulties is to recognize the malicious signals in the system. Because of malicious signals, data loss or high energy consumption will occur which reduce the overall performance of the ANET. There are a few circumstances when at least one signal in the system become malevolent and will destroy the limit of the system. The point of this work is to recognize the malignant signals quickly to avoid loss of data. The conventional strategy for firewall and encryption isn't adequate to secure the system. In this way a malicious signal identification framework must be added to the ad hoc network. A signal needs to be secured when utilizing the resources and to provide secure communication. The ad hoc networks have several issues like, congestion, overload, data loss and energy consumption. In the proposed work a framework for Rapid Malicious Signal Detection with Energy Consumption Reduction (RMSDwECR) Method is proposed. The proposed method is compared with the traditional methods in terms of load in the network, data loss ratio, signal transmission rate, energy consumption levels, malicious signal identification time and throughput levels. The proposed method exhibits better performance than the traditional methods.
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WACHTER, KERRI. "Facial Wrinkles May Signal Bone Mineral Loss". Family Practice News 41, n.º 13 (agosto de 2011): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(11)70708-3.

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&NA;. "Sudden Hearing Loss Could Signal Future Stroke". Emergency Medicine News 31, n.º 9 (setembro de 2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.eem.0000360600.65677.4f.

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Xiong, Qing Song, Zhao Hua Wu, Pin Chen e Sheng Zhang. "Analysis of Characteristic of Microstrip Signal Loss in Course of Signal Transmission". Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (fevereiro de 2011): 2229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.2229.

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The effect of loss of transmission line on the transmission signal can’t be ignored in microwave circuits. Based on the theory of loss and microwave network principle, the effect of the width, parallel length and space of transmission lines on the scattering parameters’ insertion loss is analyzed in perspective of scattering parameters of the odd mode and even mode. The simulation results show that: when the other parameters are fixed, both the characteristic impedance and the conductor loss decrease non-linearly with the line width broadening; due to the coupling effect between micro-strip lines, the first trough frequency of the scattering parameter S21 curved line, that is the point the signal energy attenuate most seriously, decreases linearly with line width broadening and increases non- linearly with line spaces broadening.
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Lazar, Sorin, Yang Shao, Lina Gunawan, Riad Nechache, Alain Pignolet e Gianluigi A. Botton. "Imaging, Core-Loss, and Low-Loss Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Mapping in Aberration-Corrected STEM". Microscopy and Microanalysis 16, n.º 4 (2 de julho de 2010): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610013504.

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AbstractHigh-angle annular dark-field and annular bright-field imaging experiments were carried out on an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. These techniques have been demonstrated on thin films of complex oxides Ba3.25La0.75Ti3O12 and on LaB6. The results show good agreement between theory and experiments, and for the case of LaB6 they demonstrate the detection of contrast from the B atoms in the annular bright-field images. Elemental mapping with electron-energy-loss spectroscopy has been used to deduce the distribution of Cr and Fe in a thin film of the complex oxide Bi2(Fe1/2Cr3/2)O6 at the unit cell level and the changes in the near-edge structure within the inequivalent regions in the crystalline unit cell. Energy-filtered images in the low-loss region of the energy-loss spectrum show contrast and resolution consistent with the modulation of the signals from elastic scattering. High-resolution contrast, mediated by phonon scattering, is observed for interband transitions. The limitations in terms of detection and signal are discussed.
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Wang, Xiaoye, e Shufang Zhang. "Evaluation of multipath signal loss for AIS signals transmitted on the sea surface". Ocean Engineering 146 (dezembro de 2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.022.

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Abdorahimi, Danial, e Ali M. Sadeghioon. "Comparison of Radio Frequency Path Loss Models in Soil for Wireless Underground Sensor Networks". Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 8, n.º 2 (22 de junho de 2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan8020035.

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A wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN) is a group of sensors that collectively communicate through the underground medium. Radio Frequency (RF) signal transmission of the sensors through the ground is the most challenging aspects of a WUSN due to the high attenuation of the electromagnetic (EM) signal in the soil. Signals are often required to travel through soils with a high density or water content and generally through a non-isotropic and non-homogenous soil mixture with different boundaries, both of which can attenuate the signal sharply. The variability of the these conditions and complexity of the behaviour of signal attenuation with respect to these parameters makes accurate estimation of EM signal attenuation in soil challenging. Two main EM signal attenuation models exist to estimate attenuation (modified-Friis and Complex Refractive Index Model-Fresnel (CRIM-Fresnel). These were reviewed and a methodology was developed in order to measure the attenuation of the EM signals in the laboratory. Results from the laboratory measurements were compared with the estimation values calculated from the attenuation models. These comparisons showed a large difference between the estimated values by the models. In addition, analysis of the comparison tests showed that the CRIM-Fresnel model provides a better estimation of attenuation in samples with lower permittivity values while the modified-Friis model had a higher accuracy in samples with higher clay/water content which have higher permittivity values.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

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Palekar, Trishul Ajit. "Signal optimization at isolated intersections using pre-signals". Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4279.

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This research proposes a new signal operation strategy aimed at efficient utilization of green time by cutting down on the start up and response loss times. The idea is to have a "pre-signal" on each main approach a few hundred feet upstream of the intersection in addition to the main intersection signal, which is coordinated with the pre-signal. The offset between the main and pre-signal ensures that the majority of start up losses does not occur at the main signal. The benefits of the system under various traffic conditions were evaluated based on analysis of the queue discharge process and Corridor Simulation (CORSIM) study. The proposed measure should reduce the travel time and total control delay for the signalized network. To attain the objective the following two studies were undertaken: 1. Development of a queue discharge model to investigate the expected benefits of the system. 2. Simulation of the system: In the second part of the research, the proposed strategy was tested using CORSIM to evaluate its performance vis-à-vis the baseline case. The queue discharge model (QDM) was found to be linear in nature in contrast to prior expectations. The model was used to quantify the benefits obtained from the pre-signal system. The result of this analysis indicated that the proposed strategy would yield significant travel time savings and reductions in total control delay. In addition to the QDM analysis, CORSIM simulations were used to code various hypothetical scenarios to test the concept under various constraints and limitations. As per expectations, it was found that the system was beneficial for high demand levels and longer offsets. The upper limit on offsets was determined by visual observation of platoon dispersion and therefore the maximum offset distance was restricted to 450 feet. For scenarios where split phasing was used, the break even point in terms of demand level was found to be 2500 vph on a three lane approach, whereas that for a lag-lag type of phasing strategy was found to be 1800 vph, also on a three lane approach.
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Kurtoglu, Levent. "Analysis of loss for inductive strips in finline". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA239947.

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Thesis (M.S. in System Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Knorr, Jeffrey B. Second Reader: Janaswamy, R. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 18, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Finlines, Inductive Strips, Ohmic Losses. Author(s) subject terms: Finline, Inductive Strip, Finline Discontinuity, Ohmic Losses. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61). Also available in print.
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Dumenil, Arnaud. "Polarization dependent loss in next-generation optical networks : challenges and solutions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS006.

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La demande de débit en augmentation constante requiert des canaux de communication fiables et robustes. Les réseaux optiques terrestres ainsi que les liens sous-marins représentent le cœur de l'infrastructure des télécommunications au niveau mondial, et transportent des centaines de canaux fréquentiels modulés à haut débit. Ces liens se composent non seulement de kilomètres de fibre mais aussi de composants optiques comme les amplificateurs à fibre dopée à l'erbium (EDFA) pour relever régulièrement la puissance des signaux atténués, ou encore des commutateurs sélectifs en longueur d'onde (WSS) qui routent le signal vers leur destination. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à une pénalité spécifique qui survient dans ces systèmes et qui réduit le débit d'information dans une propagation optique. Les composants optiques discrets présentent typiquement une anisotropie en polarisation : un déséquilibre de perte (ou gain) apparaît entre les deux polarisations d'un signal optique multiplexé en polarisation. Cet effet non unitaire appelé pertes dépendant de la polarisation (abrégé PDL en anglais) dégrade la qualité de transmission dans les systèmes optiques actuels et futurs.Dans le cadre des transmissions multiplexés en polarisation, nous caractérisons la perte de capacité induite par la PDL. Pour commencer, des modèles de canal sont attentivement étudiés et deux approches sont présentées : un canal avec des éléments PDL distribués avec un bruit également distribué, ou alors un canal équivalent simplifié en un seul élément. Nous analysons les limites fondamentales de communication associées à ces modèles. Nous montrons en outre que la capacité d'un canal PDL dépend en pratique de l'orientation de l'état de polarisation du signal incident. Nous passons ensuite en revue l'état de l'art de schémas de modulation atténuant l'effet de PDL puis nous proposons deux nouveaux schémas de modulation multi-dimensionnels qui augmentent la performance minimum et moyenne du canal. Ces deux modulations sont des transformations unitaires de symboles M-QAM qui n'utilisent pas de degrés de liberté autres que les quatre déjà utilisés pour chaque longueur d'onde (encodage en phase et quadrature de phase sur les deux états de polarisation). Nous proposons succinctement une extension de ces premiers résultats à des communications optiques plus généralement multiplexés en dimension spatiale et impactées par des pertes dépendantes de mode, qui présentent un déséquilibre de gain identique. Au-delà de la construction de modulations au niveau du transmetteur, nous étudions la perte de performance en présence de PDL d'une chaîne de traitement de signal conventionnelle et séquentielle par comparaison avec une égalisation et décodage joint. Cette perte additionnelle de capacité résultant du traitement séquentiel non optimal est évaluée pour différents formats de modulations ainsi que différents points de fonctionnement. Enfin, nous exposons une validation expérimentale des deux schémas de modulation proposés, aussi bien sur un élément de PDL seul ou sur un canal PDL distribué, et montrons comme attendu une robustesse augmentée vis-à-vis de la PDL
Large amounts of ever-increasing global data traffic require sound and reliable communication channels. Optical terrestrial networks and submarine links are at the very heart of the global telecom infrastructure, and carry hundreds of frequency channels modulated at very high rates. These links include not only kilometers of fiber but also optical elements such as Erbium-Doped Fiber-Amplifiers (EDFA) to amplify periodically the attenuated signals and Wavelength Selective Switches (WSS) to route the signals to their assigned destinations. In this thesis, we explore a specific rate-degrading impairment of the optical propagation that raises in those systems. Discrete optical elements often exhibit a polarization anisotropy that emerges as a gain or loss imbalance between the two polarization tributaries of the polarization-multiplexed optical signals. This non-unitary effect called Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) impairs the quality of transmission in current and next-generation optical systems.In the context of polarization-multiplexed signals, we assess the capacity loss induced by PDL. First, channel models are carefully studied and two approaches are described: a channel with distributed PDL elements and distributed noise or a simplified single-element equivalent channel. Making use of these models, we then analyze their fundamental limits of communications. We show that the PDL channel capacity depends in practice on the state-of-polarization orientation of the incident signal. We then review the state-of-the art of PDL-mitigating modulation schemes and propose two new multi-dimensional signaling schemes that enhance worst-case and average performance. These two modulations are unitary transforms of M-QAM symbols and do not make use of additional degrees of freedom apart from the four already-used dimensions per wavelength (in-phase and quadrature channels of two polarization states). We briefly extend these first results to space-division-multiplexed optical communications impaired by mode dependent loss (MDL) that present a similar gain imbalance. Beyond signal shaping at the transmitter side, we study the performance loss of a conventional, sequential signal processing chain at the receiver side in presence of PDL, in comparison with a joint equalization-decoding scheme. The additional capacity loss due to the mismatch sequential processing is evaluated for several modulation formats and at different operating points. Finally, we report an experimental validation of the two proposed signaling schemes, both on a single PDL element and on a distributed PDL channel, demonstrating the predicted enhanced robustness to PDL
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Pokorný, Rostislav. "Návrh programovatelného útlumového členu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413091.

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This Master´s thesis focuses on design and implementation of programmable attenuator. The main aim of this thesis is to create an electronical device that provide continuous setting of attenuation value in the range between 0–150 dB. Setting a value from the range can be performed using buttons and set values are shown on display. For this thesis an attenuator with working frequency between 0–6 GHz was chosen and four–layer printed circuit board was designed. As a result the device is fitted with an 8bit microcontroller ATmega328P–PU using five 6bit digital attenuators connected in series with manual and program settings of attenuation from 0–157,5 dB with step of 0,5 dB. Data are shown on a build–in display. The application for remote settings and value reading over integrated USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface, was created in C#. In conclusion of this thesis there is a measurement evaluation of attenuation measurement performed on the device.
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Pidaparthi, Sahitya. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF MAGENTIC RESONANCE PHASE VELOCITY MAPPING IN TURBULENT FLOW THROUGH ORIFICES". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1297396841.

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Stephens, Richard Brian Leonard. "A study and modelling of the propagation effects of vegetation on radio waves at centimetre-wavelength frequencies". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1998. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/a-study-and-modelling-of-the-propagation-effects-of-vegetation-on-radio-waves-at-centimetrewavelength-frequencies(48d8248f-a287-45e4-96e5-fe8d8e56efae).html.

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With the increase in and more diverse applications of microwave radio communications, the probability of a signal propagating through a medium of vegetation is increased. As a direct result of this demand for microwave communication systems, knowledge is required of the effects of vegetation media on the propagating microwave signal. This enables radio system planners to predict the signal loss more accurately, necessitating a detailed study of the propagation effects of vegetation. A vegetation depth attenuation model has been developed based on the International Telecommunications Union-Radio Sector model and validated against measurements conducted at two microwave frequencies of 11.2 GHz and 20 GHz. The measurements were conducted on a number of sites of differing geometries at different times of the year to obtain the two extreme states of foliage, in- and out-of-leaf. The trees found at the sites were of a number of indigenous species. A variety of species and environments were employed for the outdoor measurements as it was felt that any variation in the signal, occurring as a direct result of the species, climate, environment etc., would be reduced. A further study has been conducted in an anechoic chamber, the purpose being to investigate the depolarising effect of vegetation, to characterise and to ascertain how and to what extent the polarisation of the incident signal is changed as it passes through the vegetation without the effects of climate, location and environment affecting the resultant signal. To enable larger quantities of data to be obtained, collated and subsequently analysed and also to remove any scope for error during the collection of results, two data acquisition programs were written for the two main environments in which the measurements were to be undertaken, that is to say, outdoor and indoor (anechoic chamber) environments. In seeking to provide a model for the prediction of attenuation a radio wave will suffer as it is propagated through a body of vegetation, several models have been examined in turn and their relative merits discussed together with their applicability to the study. After examining the possible models available, the thesis provides a model which enables the prediction of additional attenuation a radiowave signal will suffer as a function of path length (depth) of the vegetation medium and frequency. The model can be recommended for use in the 10-30 GHz band. The study on the depolarisation of signals by vegetation has shown that the components of a vegetation medium e.g. tree trunks, branches and leaves, can cause considerable changes in the polarisation of the incident signal as it propagates through a volume of vegetation. The work presented in this thesis contains new measured results of the polarisation state of the radio wave as it emerges from a vegetation specimen. These results obtained in an anechoic chamber under controlled conditions have demonstrated that additional effects, other than attenuation by absorption and scatter need to be considered in order to characterise and subsequently model the overall effect of vegetation in the radio path of propagating signals.
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Curran, Brian [Verfasser], e Herbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Reichl. "Loss Modeling in Non-Ideal Transmission Lines for Optimal Signal Integrity / Brian Curran. Betreuer: Herbert Reichl". Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024771911/34.

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LINARES, LUIS CARLOS BLANCO. "STUDY OF SIGNAL DISTORTION IN ANALOGICAL OPTICAL SYSTEMS: FOR COMBINED EFFECTS OF POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION AND POLARIZATION DEPENDENT LOSS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7426@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do formalismo matemático para a teoria da polarização da luz, da dispersão dos modos de polarização e das perdas dependentes da polarização e de seus efeitos combinados. Medidas experimentais para caracterização dos parâmetros dos dispositivos que compõe a montagem experimental são apresentados, sendo aqui abordadas as técnicas de medida utilizadas. Um novo modelamento teórico para os efeitos combinados da dispersão dos modos de polarização e das perdas dependentes da polarização em sistemas ópticos analógicos é apresentado. Curvas teóricas e experimentais de distorção harmônica em função dos vários parâmetros envolvidos no modelamento comprovam a natureza interferométrica dos fenômenos avaliados. Medidas experimentais comprovam o correto modelamento teórico e demonstram que o modelamento matemático apresentado em [6], não contempla corretamente os fenômenos envolvidos.
In this work is presented a study of mathematical formalism to polarization of light thory, of polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss and of this effects combined. Experimental measurements to characterize the devices of experimental set-up are presented, and the measure technique are mentioned here. A new theorical model to combined effects of polarization mode dispersion and polarization dependent loss is presented. Theorical and experimental curves of hamonic distortion in function of many parameters involved in theorical model prove the interferometric nature of phenomenon. Experimental measurement demonstrate a perfect agreement with modeling developed and prove differences of 5 dB with modeling presented in [6].
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Chhabra, Manish. "Source Characterization using an Experimental Method and Prediction of Insertion of the Exhaust System". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin154399673454236.

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Dybäck, Matilda, e Johanna Wallgren. "Pupil dilation as an indicator for auditory signal detection : Towards an objective hearing test based on eye tracking". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192703.

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An early detection of hearing loss in children is important for the child's speech and language development. For children between 3-6 months, a reliable method to measure hearing and determine hearing thresholds is missing. A hearing test based on the pupillary response to auditory signal detection as measured by eye tracking is based on an automatic physiological response. This hearing test could be used instead of the objective hearing tests used today. The presence of pupillary response has been shown in response to speech, but it is unstudied in response to sinus tones. The objective of this thesis was to study whether there is a consistent pupillary response to different sinus tone frequencies commonly used in hearing tests and if yes, to determine reliably the time window of this response. Four different tests were done. The adult pupillary response in regard to sinus tone stimuli with four frequency levels (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz), and four loudness levels (silence, 30 dB, 50 dB and 70 dB) was tested (N=20, 15 females, 5 males). Different brightness levels and distractions on the eye tracking screen were investigated in three substudies (N=5, 4 females, 1 male). Differences between silence and loudness levels within frequency levels were tested for statistical significance. A pupillary response in regard to sinus tones occurred consistently between 300 ms and 2000 ms with individual variation, i.e. earlier than for speech sounds. Differences between silence and loudness levels were only statistically significant for 4000 Hz. No statistical difference was shown between different brightness levels or if there were distractions present on the eye tracker screen. The conclusion is that pupillary response to pure sinus tones in adults is a possible measure of hearing threshold for at least 4000 Hz. Larger studies are needed to confirm this, and also to more thoroughly investigate the other frequencies.
En tidig upptäckt av hörselnedsättning hos barn är viktig för barnets tal- och språkutveckling. För barn mellan 3-6 månader saknas det en tillförlitlig metod för att mäta hörsel och bestämma hörtrösklar. Ett hörseltest baserad på pupillreaktion på ljud som mäts med en eye tracker bygger på en automatisk fysiologisk reaktion och skulle kunna användas istället för de objektiva test som används idag. Hitintills har pupillreaktion på tal påvisats, men det saknas studier som studerat eventuella reaktioner på sinustoner. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka om det finns en enhetlig pupillreaktion på de olika frekvenserna av sinustoner som vanligen används i hörseltest. Vidare var studiens syfte att fastställa ett tillförlitligt tidsfönster för pupillreaktion. Fyra olika typer av tester utfördes. Pupillreaktionen mot sinustoner med fyra olika frekvensnivåer (500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz och 4000 Hz), och fyra olika ljudnivåer (tystnad, 30 dB, 50 dB och 70 dB) undersöktes i ett test på vuxna deltagare (N=20, 15 kvinnor, 5 män). Olika ljusnivåer och distraktioner på eye tracker-skärmen undersöktes i tre test (N=5, 4 kvinnor, 1 man). Skillnaderna mellan ljudnivåer och frekvensnivåer testades med statistiska tester. Resultaten visade att pupillreaktion på sinustoner inträffade konsekvent mellan 300 ms och 2000 ms med individuella variationer. Denna reaktionstid inträffar tidigare än för taljud. En statistisk signifikant skillnad mellan tystnad och olika ljudnivåer kunde endast ses för frekvensnivån 4000 Hz. Ingen statistisk skillnad uppmättes mellan olika ljudnivåer eller om det fanns distraktioner på eye tracker-skärmen. De i studien framkomna resultaten tyder på att pupillreaktioner mot rena sinustoner hos vuxna är en möjlig metod för att identifiera hörseltrösklar för åtminstone 4000 Hz. Större studier behöver göras för att fastställa detta och en noggrannare undersökning behöver genomföras för de andra frekvenserna.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

1

Geiger, Bernhard C., e Gernot Kubin. Information Loss in Deterministic Signal Processing Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59533-7.

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2

1939-, North Gail, ed. The body-signal secret: You know diets don't work, here's what does! Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1991.

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3

Urchuk, Steven Neil. Mechanisms of flow-induced signal loss in magnetic resonance angiography. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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4

O'Leary, Paul Robert. The impact of cell loss on VBR video signal quality in ATM networks. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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5

Lane, Helen W., Philip C. Stepaniak e Jeffrey R. Davis. Loss of signal: Aeromedical lessons learned from the STS-107 Columbia Space Shuttle mishap. Editado por United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Washington, District of Columbia: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2014.

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6

Stewart, W. Kenneth. A preliminary study of shallow-water sonar issues: Signal motion loss and reverberation noise. [Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993.

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7

Signal Hill: Stories. San Francisco, USA: City Lights Books, 2003.

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8

Restoration of lost samples in digital signals. New York: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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9

Green, J. A. Building penetration loss measurements for DAB signals at 211 MHz. Tadworth: Research Department, Engineering Division, British Broadcasting Corporation, 1992.

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10

Lost sounds: The story of coast fog signals. Latheronwheel: Whittles, 2000.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

1

Weik, Martin H. "signal loss". In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1582. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17384.

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2

Sedlacik, Jan, Alexander Rauscher, Jürgen R. Reichenbach e E. Mark Haacke. "Understanding T2*-Related Signal Loss". In Susceptibility Weighted Imaging in MRI, 73–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470905203.ch5.

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3

Lyons, Richard. "Reducing FFT Scalloping Loss Errors without Multiplication". In Streamlining Digital Signal Processing, 215–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118316948.ch22.

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Florentine, Mary, Søren Buus e Mindy Rosenberg. "Reaction-time data support the existence of Softness Imperception in cochlear hearing loss". In Auditory Signal Processing, 30–39. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27045-0_5.

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Hovem, Jens M. "Mechanisms of Bottom Loss in Underwater Acoustics". In Acoustic Signal Processing for Ocean Exploration, 21–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1604-6_2.

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Spongr, Vlasta P., Joseph P. Walton, Robert D. Frisina, Ann Marie Kazee, Dorothy G. Flood e Richard J. Salvi. "Hair Cell Loss and Synaptic Loss in Inferior Colliculus of C57BL/6 MICE". In Acoustical Signal Processing in the Central Auditory System, 535–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8712-9_49.

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Heinz, Michael G., Danilo Scepanovic, John Issa, Murray B. Sachs e Eric D. Young. "Normal and impaired level encoding: Effects of noise-induced hearing loss on auditory-nerve responses". In Auditory Signal Processing, 40–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27045-0_6.

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Suzuki, Taiji, e Masashi Sugiyama. "Estimating Squared-Loss Mutual Information for Independent Component Analysis". In Independent Component Analysis and Signal Separation, 130–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00599-2_17.

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Relan, D., L. Ballerini, E. Trucco e T. MacGillivray. "Retinal Vessel Classification Based on Maximization of Squared-Loss Mutual Information". In Machine Intelligence and Signal Processing, 77–84. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2625-3_7.

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Nuzillard, Danielle, e Noël Bonnet. "BSS for Series of Electron Energy Loss Spectra". In Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, 1150–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30110-3_145.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

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"NETWORK-AWARE BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING - Loss Concealment or Loss Awareness". In International Conference on Health Informatics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003876503180325.

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Geng, Zhe, e Hai Deng. "Wireless signal propagation path loss estimation". In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2014.6904805.

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Stein, Manuel, Friederike Wendler, Amine Mezghani e Josef A. Nossek. "Quantization-loss reduction for signal parameter estimation". In ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638776.

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Vityazeva, T. A., e A. A. Mikheev. "Information Loss in Measurement Signal Filtering Systems". In 2019 8th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/meco.2019.8759995.

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Al-Kuwaiti, M., N. Kyriakopoulos e S. Hussein. "QoS Mapping: A Framework Model for Mapping Network Loss to Application Loss". In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspc.2007.4728551.

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Quinn, Barry. "Phase-only information loss". In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2010.5495779.

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Aboketaf, Abdelsalam A., Liang Cao, Stefan F. Preble e Paul Ampadu. "On-chip OTDM Signal Generator with Minimal Loss". In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2012.ftu2a.6.

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Raghavan, Srini H., e L. Williams. "Modulation loss analysis for amplitude modulated FSK signal". In 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2012.6187125.

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Maxwell, S. C., D. Raymer, M. Williams e P. Primiero. "Tracking Microseismic Signal Loss From Reservoir to Surface". In 75th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2013. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20130393.

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Buffin, Paul B., e C. C. Sung. "Excess Signal Loss In Precision-Wound Optical Fiber". In Technical Symposium Southeast, editado por Edward M. Granger. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.940454.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Signal loss"

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Siegmann, William L., e Wendell J. Saintval. Transmission Loss and Signal Coherence in Shallow Water Waveguides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada526548.

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JT Evans. Testing Results of Magnetostrictive Ultrasonic Sensor Cables for Signal Loss. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maio de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883695.

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Geller, L. B., e G. Rousseau. An evaluation of the EM instruments' Loss-of-Metallic-Area (LMA) signals. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328744.

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Jones, E. M., F. N. App e R. W. Whitaker. Ground motions and the infrasound signal: A new model and the discovery of a significant cavity rebound signal. Los Alamos Source Region Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10165578.

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5

Siekhaus, W., J. Go, M. Biener, S. Jensen, M. Havstad, J. Cheng, C. Hrousis, Z. Chiba, M. Oldaker e W. McLean. Reaction of Gold with Indium Below 50C: Radius Loss Delta R and Standard Deviation Sigma of Soldered 4 mil Wires at 100 Years Predicted from Measured Delta R and Sigma at 30 Years. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maio de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1084699.

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Blackman, Allen, e Laura Villalobos. ¿Usar o perder los bosques?: Extracción regulada de madera y pérdida de cobertura forestal en México. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003095.

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Un conjunto creciente de investigadores y responsables de política pública sostienen, de manera un tanto contraintuitiva, que la extracción regulada de madera puede ayudar a conservar los bosques en los países en desarrollo al desalentar la tala ilegal y el cambio de uso de suelo. Sin embargo, las pruebas rigurosas de esa hipótesis son escasas. Utilizamos modelos de diferencias en diferencias para medir el efecto neto de la concesión de permisos de extracción de madera en la pérdida de cobertura forestal en México entre 2001 y 2012. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los permisos no tienen grandes efectos sistemáticos sobre la pérdida de la cobertura forestal. Identificamos efectos estadísticamente significativos sólo en determinados subgrupos, mas no en nuestra muestra a nivel nacional. Además, los efectos de los subgrupos son relativamente modestos y varían en signo. Los subgrupos en los que los permisos tienen efectos discernibles se definen, entre otras cosas, por los niveles de pobreza y los costos de oportunidad de retener la cobertura forestal, resultados que sugieren que la gobernanza forestal y la demanda por tierra moderan los efectos de los permisos.
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López Boo, Florencia, María de la Paz Ferro e Pedro Carneiro. ¿Funciona integrar servicios de primera infancia con los servicios de salud?: Evidencia experimental del programa de visitas domiciliarias Cresça Com Seu Filho. Inter-American Development Bank, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003230.

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Un desafío clave de la política pública es cómo llevar a escala programas de primera infancia efectivos. Si la entrega de estos programas pudiera hacerse a través de la infraestructura de servicios públicos existentes, esto resultaría no solo escalable sino más costo-eficiente. Este documento es de los primeros en evaluar los impactos de corto plazo de un programa de visitas domiciliarias a escala integrado completamente con los servicios de atención primaria en salud (en este caso, la Estratégia Saúde da Família de Brasil). Nuestra estrategia de identificación explota la aleatorización original del programa Cresça Com Seu Filho en Fortaleza a nivel de agente comunitario de salud (ACS). En la estimación de intención de tratamiento (ITT, por sus siglas en inglés) encontramos un impacto positivo modesto en la calidad del entorno familiar (0.12 desvíos estándar, DE). Este resultado se alinea con el foco del currículo del programa en el cuidado sensible, receptivo y no punitivo de los niños. No encontramos evidencia de impacto en desarrollo infantil, muy probablemente debido a los desafíos con la intensidad y la fidelidad de las visitas. Nuestros resultados apuntan a la importancia de mejorar los sistemas de supervisión y acompañamiento del personal para lograr mejoras en la fidelidad de la intervención, así como en esquemas de motivación intrínseca del recurso humano que, en un contexto de mayor carga laboral, resulta central para el éxito de este tipo de intervenciones.
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Barreix, Alberto, e Fernando Velayos. Incentivos tributarios, compromisos internacionales y suficiencia recaudatoria: Otra trilogía imposible. Inter-American Development Bank, abril de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003231.

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Los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) utilizan la reducción de la tasa de impuesto a la renta empresarial (IRE) para promover la inversión y, a su vez, este incentivo debe cumplir con la condición de no discriminar entre operaciones de exportación y aquellas destinadas a todo el mercado local, según los compromisos contraídos con la de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC) y el proyecto de Erosión de la Base Imponible y Traslado de Beneficios (BEPS, por sus siglas en inglés). Así se posibilita un importante arbitraje tributario cuando las empresas con incentivos en la tasa de renta empresarial venden con sobreprecios a firmas sujetas a tasa normal en el mercado local, trasvasando rentas a las firmas beneficiadas desde las del régimen general. Esto tiene impactos negativos significativos y crecientes en términos de recaudación y equidad entre firmas bonificadas y las del régimen general en el mismo ramo, especialmente en los servicios cuyo crecimiento es notorio (como los digitales o de telecomunicación). Para morigerar este arbitraje será necesario aplicar algunas opciones prácticas, como las que se presentan más adelante, que hagan viable la bonificación tributaria en la tasa del impuesto como herramienta de políticas, sean compatibles con dichos acuerdos internacionales y reduzcan las pérdidas de recaudación. Adicionalmente, se incluyen cuadros con el resumen de los principales regímenes de incentivos tributarios y de la revisión por los pares de los posibles regímenes fiscales perniciosos en América Latina (Acción 5 de BEPS).
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Groves, David G., Michelle Miro, James Syme, Alejandro U. Becerra-Ornelas, Edmundo Molina-Pérez, Valentina Saavedra e Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Planificación de infraestructura hídrica para el futuro incierto en América Latina: un enfoque eficiente en costos y tiempo para tomar decisiones robustas de infraestructura, con un estudio de caso en Mendoza, Argentina. Inter-American Development Bank, fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003030.

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Los administradores del agua enfrentan desafíos cada vez mayores para satisfacer la demanda de agua, que depende de condiciones socioeconómicas y climáticas. La evolución de estas condiciones en las próximas décadas es profundamente incierta e impredecible. El presente estudio demuestra la utilidad del enfoque de Toma de Decisiones Robustas (RDM por sus siglas en ingles), un método de toma de decisión bajo incertidumbre profunda, para evaluar la vulnerabilidad y las oportunidades de adaptación de la gestión de los recursos hídricos en Mendoza, Argentina. El análisis confirma que el sistema actual de agua de Mendoza es vulnerable a los cambios en el uso de suelo y a los impactos del cambio climático. En casi 900 futuros analizados, la demanda insatisfecha crece significativamente durante los períodos de sequía, un problema que empeora con el tiempo. La mayoría de la demanda insatisfecha se produce en el sector agrícola, con carencias que superan el 35 por ciento en algunos años y futuros. Se analizó la vulnerabilidad de las cuencas de Tulumaya y Costa de Araujo en particular, dos áreas de riego aguas abajo que exhiben una alta demanda insatisfecha en muchos futuros, y del sector agrícola en su conjunto. Tres tipos de futuros conducirían a una alta demanda insatisfecha: 1. Crecimiento económico rápido, excepto si las precipitaciones aumentan mucho; 2. Urbanización tendencial bajo condiciones climáticas medianas o secas; o 3. Urbanización acelerada bajo condiciones secas y un aumento de la temperatura pronunciado. Se evaluaron diferentes estrategias para reducir estas vulnerabilidades: i) construcción de pocos reservorios grandes; ii) de una serie de reservorios más pequeños; iii) e inversiones en riego presurizado. Este es el primer ejercicio de comparación de estas tres opciones bajo incertidumbres climáticas y de uso del suelo. Los resultados demuestran que el aumento del almacenamiento, a través de uno o unos pocos reservorios grandes o una red de reservorios pequeños, no mitigaría significativamente estas vulnerabilidades y sería extremadamente costoso. Las inversiones en riego presurizado podrían reducir las vulnerabilidades de manera más significativa. Este análisis podría ser fortalecido mediante iteraciones adicionales del enfoque RDM, que incorpore las demandas de agua urbana de manera más representativa, así como un mejor reflejo de la temporalidad de regulación de los reservorios, y una mejor representatividad de escenarios climáticos extremos.
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Tarko, Andrew P., Thomas Hall, Cristhian Lizarazo e Fernando España-Monedero. Speed Management in Small Cities and Towns—Guidelines for Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317122.

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Many small cities and towns in rural states such as Indiana are crossed by arterial highways. The local traffic on these roads, particularly vulnerable road users, face the excessive risk of injury and death. This danger is amplified with local land development, driveways, and on-street parking in town centers. This report presents an Indiana study of the speeding problem on arterial roads passing through small communities. Past research on various countermeasures suitable for the studied conditions were identified and the connection between speed reduction and safety improvements was investigated in a sample of Indiana small towns. Promising speed-reduction measures include speed feedback signs and converging chevrons with speed limit legends marked on the pavement. Point-to-point enforcement is a modern and highly effective alternative that may be applicable on highways passing small towns if the through traffic prevails with limited interruptions. This report provides a method of evaluating the benefits of speed reduction in the studied conditions where the risk of severe injury and fatality is excessive to road users while the frequency of crashes is low. The method includes the proactive estimation of the economic benefit. The results indicate that both the local and through traffic on highways passing a small town benefit considerably from speed reduction even after accounting for the loss of time. An Excel spreadsheet developed in the study facilitates the calculations.
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