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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Sierra Leone Adult Education Association"

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Sengova, Joko. "The national languages of Sierra Leone: a decade of policy experimentation". Africa 57, n.º 4 (outubro de 1987): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1159897.

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Opening ParagraphThis article deals with the national languages of Sierra Leone and their use in education since 1978. Language information relevant to the period under review as well as language policy and its implementation are focal parts of our discussion.There exists in practice if not in theory a formal mother-tongue education programme at primary school level in specially selected pilot schools of all four geographical regions of Sierra Leone. This programme was initiated in 1978 within the framework of a national language policy later spelt out in a working UNESCO study of 1981. Similarly, adult literacy education has gained rapid expansion over the same period although this sector of indigenous language education is mostly handled by so-called nongovernmental agencies such as CUSO Sierra Leone, the People's Educational Association (PEA), and similar bodies. To this extent the recommendations and proposals of the Dalby report concerning the implementation of a national language policy for Sierra Leone have seen practical implementation as well as some degree of experimentation in formal and non-formal education. In short, the bare bones of this experimental framework are illuminated by practice.
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Gobir, Abdulrazaq Abdullahi, Clara Ladi Ejembi, Aliyu Abubakar Alhaji, Muhammad Bello Garba, Chinedu John Camillus Igboanusi, Bilkisu Usman, Zarah Zambuk Umar e Istifanus Anekoson Joshua. "Knowledge of Lassa Fever Disease and Its Risk Factors Among Rural People in a Nigerian Community". Proceedings 45, n.º 1 (21 de maio de 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020045009.

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Introduction: Lassa fever disease (LFD) is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus. It is a disease of public health importance in West Africa and a global health threat. It is endemic in some West African countries like Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, where an estimated 300,000 to 500,000 cases occur every year with an estimated 5000 annual deaths. Persons living in rural areas and health care workers are at greatest risk. Public awareness and knowledge of the LFD and its risk factors are some of the important factors that determine disease transmission and success of preventive/control efforts. This study was therefore conducted to assess LFD-related awareness and knowledge in Gangara, a rural agrarian community in Giwa Local Government Area of Kuduna State, NorthWest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional, community based descriptive study conducted in Gangara community. An interviewer- administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 556 adult respondents, selected using systematic random sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Results: A majority of the respondents were females (52.9%) with a mean age of 37.0 ± 15.2. The level of awareness of LFD was high (66.7%) among respondents and there was a statistically significant association between awareness of LFD and not having any form of education (P < 0.00). However, most of the respondents (79.0%) have poor knowledge of LFD. Knowledge of risk factors for LFD was also poor with 59.4% not knowing that drying grains and foodstuffs on the ground is a risk factor for LFD. Conclusions: Awareness of the disease was quite high but knowledge of the disease and its risk factors was poor. For effective prevention of future outbreaks, the community needs to be properly educated on LFD and its risk factors.
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Dalal, Koustuv, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Sourav Mandal, Gainel Ussatayeva, Ming Shinn Lee e Animesh Biswas. "Adolescent girls’ attitudes toward female genital mutilation: a study in seven African countries". F1000Research 7 (20 de março de 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14142.1.

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Background: The study’s aim is to examine adolescent girls’ attitudes toward the continuation or discontinuation of female genital mutilation (FGM) in association with their demographics in seven different countries in Africa. Methods: Data from the women’s survey of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted by the respective ministries (of Health and Family Welfare) in Egypt, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Sierra Leone were used. Adolescent girls (15–19 years) were included in the current analysis: Egypt (N=636), Guinea (N=1994), Kenya (N= 1767), Mali (N=2791), Niger (N=1835), Senegal (N=3604), Sierra Leone (N=1237). Results: Prevalence of supporting the continuation of FGM among adolescent girls was in Egypt 58%, Guinea 63%, Kenya 16%, Mali 72%, Niger 3%, Senegal 23%, and Sierra Leone 52%. Being Muslim and having low economic status were significantly associated with supporting the continuation of FGM in five of the participating countries. Girls having no education or only primary education in Guinea, Kenya, Mali and Sierra Leone exhibited a higher likelihood of supporting FGM than girls with secondary or higher education. In Egypt, Niger and Senegal there was no association between education and supporting FGM. The girls who stated that they had no exposure to media showed the higher likelihood of supporting FGM in Guinea, Kenya, and Senegal than those with exposure to media. Conclusions: The current study argues that increasing media coverage and education, and reducing poverty are of importance for shifting adolescent girls’ attitudes in favor of discontinuation of FGM.
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Devine, Dympna, Giuseppe Bolotta, Elena Samonova, Ciaran Sugrue, Seaneen Sloan, Jennifer Symonds e Daniel Capistrano. "Becoming ‘brilliant’: Generationing education and development in rural Sierra Leone". Childhood 28, n.º 2 (15 de fevereiro de 2021): 262–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0907568220981159.

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This paper explores the generationing of education and development in five villages in Northern Sierra Leone. Understood as ‘fields’ governed by power dynamics, we consider how the interactive ‘fields’ of generation, education and development coalesce, re/structuring adult and child ‘being’ and ‘doing’. We explore the tensions that arise between transformation and preservation in the field in light of wider social, cultural and economic change, and the negotiation of the generational contract in contexts of high risk and inter-dependency.
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Joseph, Stefanie A., Jean Gregory Jerome, Foday Boima, Pierre Ricard Pognon, Donald Fejfar, Yusupha Dibba, Daniel Lavalie et al. "Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccination: Staff and Patient Perspectives at Six Health Facilities in Sierra Leone". Vaccines 11, n.º 8 (19 de agosto de 2023): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081385.

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Sierra Leone is a West African country with a population of over 8 million. With more than half of Sierra Leone’s population living in rural areas, it is important to understand rural populations’ access to and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. In November 2021, the rate of vaccination coverage in Sierra Leone was only 7% for one dose and 4% for two doses. Understanding perspectives of health facility staff and patients can help strengthen future vaccine campaigns. We conducted a cross-sectional study, between March 2022 and May 2022, of clinical staff, non-clinical staff, and adult (>18 years) patients/caregivers attending six Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS) facilities supported by Partners In Health, four in the Kono district and two in the Western Urban Area district, the capital of Sierra Leone. We assessed the opportunity to vaccinate, vaccine uptake, and intention to vaccinate. Out of the 2015 participants, 11.4% were clinical staff, 18.8% were non-clinical staff, and 69.8% were patients/caregivers. Less than half of the patients/caregivers had the opportunity to be vaccinated (42%), and 22% of patients/caregivers were fully vaccinated. Among the unvaccinated population, 44% would refuse a vaccine if offered to them at no cost. Lack of access to COVID-19 vaccines and to official education messaging, especially for patients and caregivers, is still an underlying problem in Sierra Leone for vaccine uptake, rather than a lack of willingness to be vaccinated.
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M’bayo, Tenema, Michal Tomek, Clifford Kamara e Durodami Lisk. "Psychiatric comorbidity in African patients with epilepsy – Experience from Sierra Leone". International Journal of Epilepsy 04, n.º 01 (junho de 2017): 026–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijep.2016.12.002.

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Abstract Objective Epilepsy is associated with a significant burden of psychiatric comorbidity, including depression and anxiety disorders. However, paucity of data exists regarding the impact of epilepsy on mental health of patients in the setting of sub-Saharan Africa, where these comorbidities are under-recognized and under-treated. We carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study to investigate the prevalence and determinants of depression and anxiety among people with epilepsy in Sierra Leone. Method A screening tool previously validated in the primary healthcare setting in Zambia was administered to adult patients in our epilepsy clinics in Freetown and Kenema, Sierra Leone. In addition, various socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded for each patient. Results A total of 142 patients were included. The mean screening score was 16.3 out of 40, with 39 (27.5%) patients scoring above the diagnostic cut-off point for anxiety and/or depression. Variables showing a significant association with the presence of psychiatric comorbidity included female gender (p = 0.015), seizure frequency of >2 per month (p = 0.001), and self-reporting of sedation and/or dizziness as side effects of anti-epileptic medications (p = 0.006). Conclusion Symptoms of anxiety and depression are common in epilepsy patients in Sierra Leone. Given the significant negative impacts of such comorbidity on those affected, primary healthcare workers in sub-Saharan countries should be trained to inquire about anxiety and depression symptoms in epilepsy patients, and implementation of screening programs should be considered.
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Buh, Amos, Komlan Kota, Ghose Bishwajit e Sanni Yaya. "Prevalence and Associated Factors of Taking Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy in Sierra Leone". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, n.º 1 (7 de fevereiro de 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010032.

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Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that gestational and congenital malaria can be prevented by using intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). IPTp-SP is a full therapeutic course of antimalarial medicine administered during pregnancy as a component of antenatal care. This study’s objective was to assess the prevalence and predictors of IPTp-SP uptake in pregnancy in Sierra Leone. This study was based on the fifth round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS 5) conducted in Sierra Leone in 2016. Participants were 8526 women aged between 15–49 years. Outcome variables were uptake of IPTp-SP during the last pregnancy. Data were analysed using cross-tabulation and logistic regression methods. Results showed that the prevalence of taking IPTp-SP was 94.81% (92.40, 96.14), and that the prevalence of taking at least three doses was 93.24% (92.50, 94.81). In the multivariate logistic regression, education, parity, and antenatal care (ANC) use were significant predictors of IPTp-SP uptake. Women with higher education had lower odds of taking IPTp-SP (Odds Ratio = 0.647, 95%CI = 0.444, 0.943); having higher parity (>4) was associated with lower odds of taking IPTp-SP (OR = 0.663; 95%CI = 0.442, 0.994) and adequate ANC use increased the odds of taking IPTp-SP in both urban (OR = 1.450, 95%CI = 1.158, 3.128) and rural areas (OR = 1.903, 95%CI = 1.069, 1.966). In contrast, the positive association between ANC visits and adequate doses of taking IPTp-SP was true for rural women only (OR = 1.408, 95%CI = 1.174, 1.689). In conclusion, the use of IPTp-SP is close to being universal, with the prevalence being relatively higher in the rural areas. Based on our findings, promoting adequate antenatal care visits should be regarded as a key strategy to improve the use of IPTp-SP in Sierra Leone. Further studies could focus on exploring other predictors of IPTp-SP uptake that are not captured by MICS in Sierra Leone.
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Kamara, Alhaji Bakar. "Government Interventions in Promoting EducationThe Educational Development in Sierra Leone Since the End of the War in 2000". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, n.º 09 (2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6903.

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Sierra Leone’s educational system has made a remarkable recovery in several interventions over the years. The Government of Sierra Leone is firmly committed to building a solid foundation for quality education. With this priority given to the education sector, the Government is firmly committed and puts a premium on resource allocation to the education sector for sustainable development. Representatives of the ministry of education, universities authorities and communities, were also engaged in focus group discussion for an in-depth idea about the topic under review. Additional information was sought from literature published by the institutions, especially the Ministry of education and Universities. The research was limited to the Western Area. The instruments used to collect data include a questionnaire, interview and discussion. The data were analysed qualitatively. Various parameters were analysed, such as compulsory Education by law, Free Primary education, principles of Discrimination, the building of schools all over the country, Distance Education programs, Guidance and Counselling in Schools, Emphasis on Girl child education, and Quality education for quality life in Sierra Leone, Promoting accessibility and many more. This research yielded a very fruitful result in the development of the country over these years to the present. Compulsory Education with the strict conditions attached to it increased the roll of pupils in schools. Today illiterate parents can boast of literate children, wherein such children give birth to children that they can take care of in terms of basic needs such as education, food, morals, shelter, clothing etc. With adult education all over the country, there is a considerable reduction in illiteracy countrywide. Education is made accessible throughout the country, with at least a secondary school in all the chiefdoms. The teachers are made available in schools that are in remote areas. Guidance and Counselling help correctly place school pupils in their excellent careers in life, making education relevant and meaningful. The researcher recommended that the Government maintain continuity in its policies, continue to promote Guidance and Counselling in schools and establish a local languages department at the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
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Russell, James Baligeh Walter, Theresa Ruba Koroma, Santigie Sesay, Sallieu Kabay Samura, Sulaiman Lakoh, Ansumana Bockarie, Onome Thomas Abir et al. "Burden of cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Freetown, Sierra Leone: a community-based health-screening survey". BMJ Open 13, n.º 5 (maio de 2023): e067643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067643.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs), target organ damage (TOD) and its associated factors among adults in Freetown, Sierra Leone.DesignThis community-based cross-sectional study used a stratified multistage random sampling method to recruit adult participants.SettingThe health screening study was conducted between October 2019 and October 2021 in Western Area Urban, Sierra Leone.ParticipantsA total of 2394 adult Sierra Leoneans aged 20 years or older were enrolled.Outcome measureAnthropometric data, fasting lipid profiles, fasting plasma glucose, TOD, clinical profiles and demographic characteristics of participants were described. The cardiometabolic risks were further related to TOD.ResultsThe prevalence of known CMRFs was 35.3% for hypertension, 8.3% for diabetes mellitus, 21.1% for dyslipidaemia, 10.0% for obesity, 13.4% for smoking and 37.9% for alcohol. Additionally, 16.1% had left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG, 14.2% had LVH by two-dimensional echo and 11.4% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). The odds of developing ECG-LVH were higher with diabetes (OR=1.255, 95% CI (0.822 to 1.916) and dyslipidaemia (OR=1.449, 95% CI (0.834 to 2.518). Associated factors for higher odds of Left Ventricular Mass Index by echo were dyslipidaemia (OR=1.844, 95% CI (1.006 to 3.380)) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.176, 95% CI (0.759 to 1.823)). The odds of having CKD were associated with diabetes mellitus (OR=1.212, 95% CI (0.741 to 1.983)) and hypertension (OR=1.163, 95% CI (0.887 to 1.525)). A low optimal cut-off point for ECG-LVH (male 24.5 mm vs female 27.5 mm) was required to maximise sensitivity and specificity by a receiver operating characteristics curve since the odds for LVH by ECG were low.ConclusionsThis study provides novel data-driven information on the burden of CMRF and its association with preclinical TOD in a resource-limited setting. It illustrates the need for interventions in improving cardiometabolic health screening and management in Sierra Leonean.
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Saffea Joseph Torto, Alusaine Edward Samura, Prince Emmanuel Norman, Dennis Peter Musa, Abu James Sundufu, Sheku Alfred Kanu, David Dan Quee e Sahr Ngoba Fomba. "Farmers' perception on severity, crop loss and management practices of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus L.) on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Sierra Leone". Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 9, n.º 1 (30 de setembro de 2023): 034–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2023.9.1.0129.

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Farmers' perception on the severity and management practices on cassava has not been fully investigated particularly across agro-ecologies in Sierra Leone. This study assessed the perception of smallholder cassava farmers on the severity of Z. variegatus L., its impacts on yield and indigenous coping management practices utilized to mitigate the infestation of grasshoppers in their cassava farms. The population of the study comprised 300 cassava farmers sampled from the north, south and eastern provinces of Sierra Leone. The study involved questionnaire research instrument administered to smallholder farmers who were farming for household consumption, those producing for sale and household consumption and those who were mainly producing for sale because their primary goal was to produce for the market. Findings revealed that farmers had perceived abilities about agro-ecological distribution of grasshoppers, making them to be familiar with cassava crop damage severity pattern and easy identification. Farmers have ability to recognize and identify adult grasshoppers, and part(s) of cassava mostly affected by grasshoppers. Cassava leaves and stems are destroyed by the pest during either preferential feeding or as a result of ‘choice, no choice feeding’. The study established that smallholder farmers have perceived abilities to identify damage symptoms, stage(s) in the life cycle of the pest that is/are more destructive leading to crop losses and utilization of best practices to mitigate grasshopper infestation on cassava that could be exploited for increased production, management and conservation of cassava genetic resources. Moreover, 52.3% of variation in extent of crop loss by grasshopper infestation is attributable to life cycle stage(s) of the grasshoppers, identification of part(s) of cassava plant mostly destroyed by grasshoppers, cassava variety preference by grasshoppers and the best practices that contribute to increased cassava productivity.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Sierra Leone Adult Education Association"

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Sierra Leone Adult Education Association e Deutscher Volkshochschulverband, eds. Salonean literacy handbook. Freetown: Nomoli House, 1995.

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Turay, Edward Dominic Amadu. Adult education in Freetown, Sierra Leone: The contribution of the Creole Press, language, and socio-political associations, c. 1870-1939. Freetown: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1986.

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Mohamed, Bockarie Abu, Sierra Leone. Ministry of Education, Cultural Affairs, and Sports., Sierra Leone Adult Education Association. e Deutscher Volkshochschulverband, eds. Policies and strategies in adult education: Working papers for the national conference organized by the Ministry of Education, Cultural Affairs, and Sports, the Sierra Leone Adult Education Association (SLADEA) in collaboration with the German Adult Education Association (DVV), Freetown, 10-13 March 1987. [Freetown?: s.n.], 1987.

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Heribert, Hinzen, e Malamah-Thomas David Henry, eds. Revision workshop for the diploma and certificate courses in adult education at the University of Sierra Leone: Background materials. [Sierra Leone]: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1986.

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Hinzen, Heribert. Past adult education students of the University of Sierra Leone in the world of work and life: Findings from a questionnaire. Freetown: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1987.

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Pemagbi, Joe. Participation of women in adult literacy in Sierra Leone: Research project, general preliminary survey report, progress report number 6. Freetown [Sierra Leone]: Adult Education Unit (MECAS), 1989.

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Sierra Leone Adult Education Association. National Delegates' Conference and General Meeting. Report on the Fourth Biennial National Delegates' Conference and General Meeting held at the Pastoral Centre, Makeni, 26th-30th July, 1988: Theme "Adult education in Sierra Leone, values and realities". [Sierra Leone]: SLADEA, 1988.

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Fourah Bay College. Institute of Adult Education and Extra-mural Studies., ed. Training and learning in the informal sector of the economy and the social services of Sierra Leone: Adult education students report on their assignments during the academic year 1986/87. Freetown: Institute of Adult Education And Extra-Mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1987.

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National directory of adult education providers in Sierra Leone. [Freetown]: Institute of Adult Education and Extra-mural Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, 1986.

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International declarations, recommendations, perspectives of relevance to adult education in Sierra Leone. Freetown: Sierra Leone Adult Education Association, 1985.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Sierra Leone Adult Education Association"

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Gboku, Matthew L. S., Oitshepile M. Modise e Jenneh F. Bebeley. "A Case Study of Innovation Platforms for Agricultural Research, Extension, and Development". In Environmental and Agricultural Informatics, 855–74. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9621-9.ch038.

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Stakeholder organizations clearly need to have more than a symbolic role in IAR4D decision making. They are currently hindered by their lack of knowledge of leadership roles and capacity to implement the IAR4D. In this chapter, the authors have presented the use of the IAR4D in Sierra Leone with clear justification of how it fits into contemporary approaches and interventions at the national, regional and global levels. The chapter focuses on the “Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA)” project in Sierra Leone as a shining example of leadership development and adult learning in both formal and non-formal settings. The authors highlight current challenges of the use of innovation platforms through IARD and articulate implications of the case study for adult education, agricultural extension and non-formal training in agricultural research institutions. The chapter ends with recommendations for surmounting the current challenges of the case described.
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Gboku, Matthew L. S., Oitshepile M. Modise e Jenneh F. Bebeley. "A Case Study of Innovation Platforms for Agricultural Research, Extension, and Development". In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 173–97. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8589-5.ch009.

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Stakeholder organizations clearly need to have more than a symbolic role in IAR4D decision making. They are currently hindered by their lack of knowledge of leadership roles and capacity to implement the IAR4D. In this chapter, the authors have presented the use of the IAR4D in Sierra Leone with clear justification of how it fits into contemporary approaches and interventions at the national, regional and global levels. The chapter focuses on the “Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA)” project in Sierra Leone as a shining example of leadership development and adult learning in both formal and non-formal settings. The authors highlight current challenges of the use of innovation platforms through IARD and articulate implications of the case study for adult education, agricultural extension and non-formal training in agricultural research institutions. The chapter ends with recommendations for surmounting the current challenges of the case described.
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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Sierra Leone Adult Education Association"

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Mallinson, Brenda. "Building Online Education Capacity during a Pandemic - from Concept to Action in Developing Regions". In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4780.

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This paper describes a learning journey which started with a COL-supported webinar series addressing ‘Learning Design leading to Sensitisation for Online Course Development using OER’. The webinar OER materials were hosted on Moodle and required participants to complete a series of related online activities interspersed between the synchronous sessions. The high-level output of this stage was the drafting of an institutional, faculty, or departmental action plan to propagate deeper understanding and new skills at an institutional level. The second stage was the refinement of these Action Plans using a Results-Based Management approach, with the third stage being the COL-supported implementation of these plans. // In a COL collaboration with the Southern African Development Community Centre for Distance Education (SADC-CDE), the first cohort of 39 participants were drawn from four educational institutions: College of Open Schooling (COS) at Botswana Open University (BOU); Institute for Adult Education (IAE) in Tanzania; Lesotho Distance Teaching Centre (LDTC); and Namibia College of Open Learning (NAMCOL). COS BOU, LDTC, and NAMCOL continued this journey through to the final (3rd) implementation stage. // A revised webinar programme was repeated for the West African Sub-region (WASR) under a COL collaboration with the Regional Training and Research Institute for Distance and Open Learning (RETRIDOL). This involved 39 participants from Cameroon, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia, drawn from educational institutions and national education ministries. Although this cohort did not progress to the 2nd stage of action plan refinement supported by COL, intentions were to refine plans at a national level for the WASR States. // Throughout the webinar series regular online reflections were encouraged using the Moodle blog, and a final reflection based on the Brookfield Critical Incident Questionnaire was undertaken at the conclusion of each cohort experience. Useful feedback was obtained indicating factors that sparked engagement and what constituted challenges for each cohort. // Finally, findings relating to the two cohorts’ engagement and experience of their journeys are presented, and achievements of participating institutions and countries with reference to their goals and plans are recognised. Lessons learned by the project leader and collaborators are identified, and potential improvements suggested. The projects took place during the Covid-19 pandemic within which all participating institutions and the facilitator were in lockdown in their home countries (2020/2021) and experienced associated challenges.
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