Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Shape Collection Analysis"

The Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to study the genetic diversity and relationships within the collection of the Czech National Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) of peaches (Prunus persica L.). The aim of the work was to elaborate a dendrogram of genetic similarity and to divide collection into clusters. 46 primers were applied to 6 cultivars differing in the place of origin, the fruit shape, the fruit colour, and in some other morphological characteristics. 12 primers were chosen which gave polymorphic repeatable strong and middle strong bands. They were subsequently used for the RAPD reactions within the whole collection of peaches. The selected RAPD primers distinguished 28 peach cultivars and RAPD data were used to group the accessions analysed. Almonds and peach × almond hybrids were clearly separated in the frame of the whole collection. The grouping corresponded to the botanical system, to the available information about pedigree, and to the cultivars description.  

Background. The XRQ sunflower genome has been sequenced but not yet fully annotated, and not all candidate genes for most traits have been identified. Disclosing the relationships among traits in this study will help to understand the genetic control over phenotypic characters.Materials and methods. A set of 237 sunflower lines from VIR’s genetic collection was phenotyped for their morphological characters (plant height; branching type; shapes and sizes of the leaf, petiole, flower head, disk and ray florets; downy mildew damage rate) and genotyped with molecular markers. DNA markers were used to identify accessions carrying the Rf gene and CMS. Factor analysis was applied to structure the genetic collection.Results and discussion. The data of 2017 and 2018 were compared using the analysis of variance. The results of the latter testified to the heritability of morphological characters, as well as to the alignment and purity of lines from VIR’s genetic collection of sunflower. New data were obtained on the phenotypic diversity of sunflower and stability of its agronomic traits across the growing seasons.Conclusion. Groups of interacting characters were identified by the factor analysis: 1) plant height, and duration of the growing season phases; 2) pollen fertility restoration with CMS PET1, SCAR markers HRG02 and HRG01 of the Rf1 gene, and branching; 3) the color of ray and disk florets, and petiole shape, as well as lamina surface shape. Lines with CMS PET1 were classified into three groups differing in the systems (possibly genes) of pollen fertility restoration. The factor analysis made it possible to confirm the assumption that several Rf genes whose manifestation differed from the Rf1 gene were present in the studied sunflower lines from VIR’s genetic collection.

Vertebrate osteological collections provide comparative material for morphological analysis. Before being stored in the collection and studied by researchers, specimens are treated by preparators or curators and are cleaned. The preparation protocol employed ideally should not damage the material. Here, we explore the potential deformation of bones due to preparation using geometric morphometric methods. We focus both on intraspecific and interspecific variability. Our data on the scapular girdle of birds show that, at an intraspecific level, the effect of preparation on bone shape cannot be neglected. Paired and unpaired bones did not respond to the preparation process in the same way, possibly due to differences in function and their anatomical characteristics. Moreover, deformations due to preparation can be estimated by looking at the texture of the bone. At the interspecific level, we found no significant differences as the deformations induced by preparation are relatively small compared to differences among species. This study highlights the importance of carefully selecting preparation methods in order to avoid physical damage that could impact the shape of bones, especially for studies at the intraspecific level.

We studied the divergence of our beans collection. The study included two qualitative traits, grain color and shape, and 13 quantitative traits, namely three components of plant height, five direct yield components and five chemical properties of grain. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed which of the traits were decisive in genotype differentiation. The principal components were formed based on the correlation matrix and shown through unrotated and rotated values of trait correlation with the main axes. The percentage contribution of particular principal components to total variability was shown, as was the accumulation of variability. The variability of the collection was interpreted based on the seven principal components, the first one describing genotype productivity, the second grain shape, the third grain size, the fourth genotype harvestability and the last three describing the chemical composition of grain. .

The paper presents an extensive numerical analysis performed by three-dimensional (3D) simulations using the finite difference in time and space (FDTD) method to identify the optimal geometry, size and configuration of the nano-antennas that constitute a plasmonic metasurface. The aim was to achieve the highest resonance at various wavelengths (NIR-VIS), for local enhancement of the excitation field and collection efficiency of emitted photons. We investigated ten different types of metals, two shapes (disks and U-shape resonators) and various geometrical parameters for the nanoresonators composing the metasurface. The best results for Rhodamine 6G excitation and emission were obtained using silver resonators with 105 nm diameter of the cylinder elements in a rectangular array with a 110 nm period, and with 110 nm long U-shape placed at a period of 40 nm.

This research aims to analyze the types of metaphors used and contained meanings contained in a collection of poems by William Blake. A metaphor is a part of figurative language that compares one thing to another. The researcher used a descriptive employed in study qualitative method to identify a collection of classic poetry by William Blake. The researcher uses the theory of Lakoff, George, and Johnsen (2003) to analyze the conceptual metaphors that shape the reality of 'life' which is reflected in poetry. There are three steps in collecting research data: observation, selection, and classification. This research result shows that ninety-five metaphorical lyrics are contained in the ten of classic collections of poetry by William Blake. The data were gathered using a collection of poems from three types of conceptual metaphors: structural, orientational, and ontological. The types of metaphors found in this research are ontological metaphors. And in reverse, the meaning of each metaphor depends on the type used in the poem. In conclusion, the poems by William Blake have a high imagination based on experiences as well as advice to the readers.

The development of South Korean culture is currently very popular among teenagers, women or men. K-Pop Group Twice is one of the results of South Korean culture. Twice Group K-Pop fans also want to have idol-themed goods. Every collection owned by collectors is always exhibited or sold at local Twice Group K-Pop events. At the event, displays are used for promotional media for collection products to be sold. Based on this, facilities are needed to facilitate collectors in product promotion media in the form of booths or display collections of products that can be used during events. The research method used to find data, used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, namely observing in various places related to display design, and conducting interviews with several members of the k-pop idol group community and collectors. In analyzing the design analysis used, the order of analysis is as follows: needs analysis, space analysis, display analysis, ergonomics analysis, anthropometric analysis, arrangement analysis, placement analysis, shape analysis, color analysis, system analysis, material analysis, and finishing analysis. which is on the display design for the placement of the collector's merchandise collection. The results of the analysis show that the product has an elegant design concept and displays the shape of the characteristics that the k-pop idol Twice always brings. This display can make it easier for visitors when they want to find a collection of merchandise at events and the display can also be used at home as a placement for other collectors' collections.

Abstract Gmelina arborea Roxb is a valuable plant that has great potential in various applications, including the timber industry. This study aims to analyze the morphophysiological aspects of gmelina, but knowledge about the morphophysiological characteristics of this plant is still limited. The data collection method involves direct measurements in the field and the use of special measuring equipment to obtain accurate data. The collected data was analyzed statistically using the appropriate method. This study was conducted by collecting 75 samples of gmelina leaves in the community forest in Botolomenpangan Sinjai Barat Village. Morphological parameters include color, namely, green, light green and spotted green. The shape of the leaves is shaped like a heart (cordate). The shape of the leaf tip is tapered while the shape of the base of the leaf is flat like a straight line (Truncate). The shape of the gmelina leaf edges is jagged and flat. The shape of the gmelina leaf bones is pinnate and the texture of the leaves is smooth and shiny. Physiological parameters starting from the largest chlorophyll content are at the location of taking 2 meters from the soil surface which is equal to 0.03610. The water content in gmelina leaves has the same high value starting from the location of taking the base, middle, and ends which is 9.9774, while the highest leaf area is in gmelina leaves which is 37.21 with the location of taking the base. The results of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the morphophysiological characteristics of gmelina. This information can be used in a variety of applications, such as plant breeding and increasing wood production.

Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and accurate spatial data collection from existing cultural heritage. In addition, the point segmentation techniques are particularly relevant for contour detection and classification of the unstructured point cloud. This paper describes an approach to obtain 2D CAD-like visualizations of complex geometry from photogrammetric models so that the detected contours of particular object elements can be used for 2D shape analysis. The work process uses the point clouds derived from photogrammetric models to create the plane visualization of the object’s geometry by segmenting points based on the verticality geometric feature. The research presented is on the case studies of iconostases as the specific art and architectural elements of the Christian Orthodox church that can be appreciated only in situ. To determine relations between the characteristics of the particular shapes and the iconostases’ style origins, the mathematical method of shape analysis was applied. This study aims to numerically describe the stylistic characteristics of the shapes of the main parts of the iconostasis concerning the artistic period to which it belongs to. The concept was based on the consideration of global shape descriptors and associated shape measurements which were used to analyze and classify the stylistic characteristics of the iconostases. The methodology was applied to the representative examples of three iconostases from the Baroque and Classicism art movements. The results illustrated that the proposed methods and techniques, with certain improvements, could be helpful for CAD visualization and shape analysis of complex geometry.

La radiothérapie mammaire, réalisée après une chirurgie conservatrice du sein, est une étape essentielle dans le traitement du cancer du sein. Bien que la radiothérapie réduise significativement le risque de récidive du cancer, l’expérience clinique montre une grande variabilité dans les effets secondaires visibles pendant le traitement. Pour approfondir la compréhension de ces effets secondaires, une étude clinique a été conduite par l’"Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe"(ICANS), recueillant des données surfaciques afin d’analyser l’évolution du sein au cours de la radiothérapie. Cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche pour modéliser l’évolution de la forme du sein traité pendant la radiothérapie, en tirant parti de l’ensemble de données de l’essai clinique ICANS, à la fois précieux et complexe. Les méthodologies et les résultats présentés dans cette thèse démontrent le potentiel des approches de correspondance basées sur les cartes fonctionnelles pour aider les cliniciens à modéliser les changements géométriques du buste et du sein pendant la radiothérapie. En outre, une estimation de l’impact dosimétrique de ces changements a été étudiée, avec un accent particulier sur la région de la peau, ouvrant la voie à de futures recherches
Breast radiotherapy, performed after breast-conserving surgery, is a critical step in the treatment ofbreast cancer. Although radiotherapy significantly reduces the risk of cancer recurrence, clinicalexperience reveals a wide variability in visible side effects during treatment. To gain a deeperunderstanding of these side effects, a clinical study was conducted by the "Institut de CancérologieStrasbourg Europe" (ICANS), collecting surface data to analyze the evolution of the breast duringradiotherapy. This thesis introduces a novel approach to model the evolution of the treated breastshape during radiotherapy, exploiting the valuable yet complex ICANS clinical trial dataset. Themethodologies and findings presented in this thesis demonstrate the potential of munctional mapbased correspondence approaches to assist clinicians in modeling geometric changes in the bustand breast during radiotherapy. Additionally, an estimation of the dosimetric impact of thesechanges has been studied, with a particular focus on the skin region, offering motivation for futureresearch in this field

University of Central Florida College of Engineering Thesis
This thesis describes the design and development of software to parametrically build three-dimensional aerodynamic objects or shapes for various engineering design and analysis activities. The software is designed to generate and display sufficient geometric output to completely define the object. Parameters are entered through a prompting sequence which determines the type of object and the amount of geometry needed to describe the object. Geometry created by this program will act as the baseline model for aerodynamic , structural, and radar cross-section analysis. An integral part of the program is the complete 3-D viewing capability. Interactive global display capability allows for visualization of the model from any direction. Input of a viewing direction or an eye-point position will automatically shift the viewer to the correct orientation in space while scaling and centering the model on teh display. Once the object geometry has been verified and accepted, it is converted to a surface model by a second program developed at the Martin Marietta Orlando Aerospace Company, and formatted for input into aerodynamic analysis programs such as S-HABP (Supersonic-Hypersonic Arbitary Body Program) for lift and drag calcuations at multiple angles of attack and trim conditions and/or CAMS (Computer Aided Missile Synthesis) for trajectory data calculations under various flight regimes. The geometry may also be formatted for input to the stress and dynamic mode analysis program NASTRAN or the physical optics scattering program POSCAT which is used to predict radar signal returns of an object at any desired frequency. Program design, geometry generation, and data manipulation techniques are presented in detail.
M.S.
Masters
Engineering
Engineering
182 p.
viii, 182 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.

Oral Biology
M.S.
Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular growth provides the potential for pedodontists, orthodontists and surgeons to prescribe treatment that works in harmony with the individual growth of the patient. Despite efforts by 3D pioneers, the visualization of growth and development remains reminiscent of the landmark-based cephalometric analyses used in two-dimensional studies. The objective of this study was to identify 3D topographical changes of the mandible during growth and development of adolescent orthodontic patients. Nine pairs of pre- and post-orthodontic cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to generate mandibular surfaces. Surfaces were superimposed on trabecular bone in the anterior mandible using a mutual information algorithm, and topographical changes were visualized and quantified. The intra- and inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficients for surface generation (0.94 and 0.93, respectively) and superimposition (0.96 and 0.82, respectively) demonstrate the reliability of the techniques. The findings of this study support the theories of bone remodeling reported in histological, implant-based, and landmark studies of mandibular growth.
Temple University--Theses

The master’s thesis on the topic “Market analysis and competition on the soft drinks market” describes current situation on the market, its structure with the focus on existing competition, it put the accent on the evaluation of the strategy applied by the strongest undertaking on the market, examines a describes distribution channels and analyse the market demand for products including its estimation of the trend in the future. This thesis results from theoretical resources as are general analysis used for the purpose of the market studies oriented on business sector as well as common environment and its own functioning and the thesis is based on the competitive strategy defined by M.E. Porter. Further the thesis is dealing with data resources and methods of data handling, including data collection, classification, segmentation and its following evaluation. Master´s thesis is the guideline for the market analysis and decisions concerning entering new markets and among others gives the answers to the questions concerned the actual situation on the market and subjects that are operation on the market.

Spatial structures shape human behaviour, or in the words of Bill Hillier – human behaviour does not simply happen in space, it takes on specific spatial forms. How staff interacts in a cellular office differs significantly from the patterns emerging in an open-plan environment. Therefore the dissertation ‘The Space-Organisation Relationship’ analyses how exactly spatial configuration shapes collective behaviours in knowledge-intensive workplace environments. From an extensive literature review it becomes clear that only few insights exist on the relationship between spatial structures and organisational behaviour, despite several decades of intensive research. It is argued that the discourse suffers from disciplinary boundaries; a lack of rigorous research designs; as well as incoherent and outdates studies. Founded on this diagnosis, the dissertation puts up two contrary hypotheses to explain the current state of knowledge: on the one hand it could be argued that hardly any coherent results were found due to the incoherent use of methods and metrics. If this was true it would mean that different organisations would react comparably to similar spatial configurations, if the same methods were used. On the other hand it could be hypothesised that it was inherently impossible to achieve coherent results even with the use of consistent methods, since each space-organisation relationship was unique. To investigate these ideas further, the dissertation employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, embedded within an explorative research design. Both a comparative analysis of different cases and an in-depth study to understand specific organisational behaviours were aimed at by conducting three intensive case studies of knowledge-intensive workplaces: 1) A University, 2) A Research Institute, 3) A Media Company, all of them accommodated in varying spatial structures. Based on a multi-layered analysis of empirical evidence, the dissertation concludes that the relationship between spatial configuration and organisational behaviours can be described by two principles. Firstly, evidence of generic function was found for example between spatial configuration, the placement of attractors, and collective movement flows. These influences are based on general anthropological behaviours and act independently of specific organisational cultures; yet they are rarely found. Secondly, the majority of evidence, especially on more complex organisational constructs such as knowledge flow, organisational cultures and identity suggests that the space-organisation relationship is shaped by the interplay of spatial as well as transpatial solidarities. This means that relationships between people may be formed by either spatial or social proximity. Transpatial relations can overcome distances and are grounded in social solidarities; as such they are not motivated by spatial structures, even though they often mirror spatial order. In essence organisations may react uniquely to comparable spatial configurations. Those two principles – generic function as well as spatial and transpatial solidarities – come in many different forms and jointly shape the character of the space-organisation relationship. This means both hypotheses are true to a degree and apply to different aspects of the space-organisation relationship.:Acknowledgements Table of Contents 1. Introduction – Space and Organisation 2. Literature Review – Space as Intangible Asset of an Organisation 2.1. Organisation Theory – Key Themes and Strands 2.2. Organisation and Space – The Forerunners 2.3. Organisation and Space – The Early Works (1960’s-1980’s) 2.3.1. Contributions Summarising the Discourse 2.3.2. Contributions Providing More Empirical Evidence 2.3.3. The Other Side of the Coin: Neglecting the Role of Physical Space 2.4. Organisation and Space – The Lean Years (1980s-1990s) 2.4.1. Continuous Neglect of Space as an Influence 2.4.2. Filling the Gaps in the Common Knowledge on Space and Organisations 2.4.3. Space Syntax as a New Emerging Theory 2.5. Organisation and Space – Recent Rediscoveries (1995 onwards) 2.5.1. Organisational Behaviour 2.5.2. Organisational Constitutions 2.6. Organisation and Space – Conclusions on a Fragmentary Evidence Base 2.6.1. Disciplinary Boundaries and Disciplinary Cultures 2.6.2. Speculative Presumptions 2.6.3. Vague Operationalisation 2.6.4. Contradictory Evidence 2.6.5. Outdated Studies Lacking Further Articulation 2.6.6. Conclusions 3. Methodology 3.1. Research Design – Inductive and Deductive Approaches 3.2. Case Study Research 3.3. Qualitative Methods 3.3.1. Structured Short Interviews 3.3.2. Semi-Structured In-Depth Interviews 3.3.3. Ethnographic Space Observations 3.3.4. Analysis of Written Documents 3.4. Quantitative Methods 3.4.1. Standardised Online Questionnaires 3.4.2. Space Syntax Analysis 3.4.3. Structured Space Observations 4. Introduction to the Case Studies 4.1. University School – High Quality Teaching and World-Leading Research 4.2. Research Institute – An International Location for Theoretical Physics 4.3. Media Corporation – Business To Business Magazines and Services 4.4. Overview of the Cases 5. Spatial Configuration – The Integration of Buildings, Spaces and Functions 5.1. Spatial Configuration 5.1.1. University School – Pre 5.1.2. University School – Post 5.1.2. Research Institute 5.1.3. Media Corporation: Publisher C – Pre 5.1.4. Media Corporation: Publisher R – Pre 5.1.5. Media Corporation: Information Business W – Pre 5.1.6. Media Corporation: Events Organiser K – Pre 5.1.7. Media Corporation – Post 5.1.8. Spatial Configuration – A Comparative Overview of All Buildings 5.1.9. The Case of Satellite Offices and their Configurational Implications for the Organisations 5.2. Spatial Strategies – Distribution of Resources 5.2.1. Spatial Integration of Facilities and Functions 5.2.2. Distance and Proximity 5.3. Conclusions on the Building Potentials of Configurations-in-Use 6. Organisational Behaviour in Space – Movement Flows and Co-Presence 6.1. Collective Patterns of Movement 6.2. Density of Movement 6.3. Presence and Co-Presence: Intensity of Activities 6.3.1. Publisher C – From Four Separated Floors into One Compact Space 6.3.2. Publisher R – Increasing Interaction Dynamics 6.3.3. Information Business W – Changed Environments in the Same Building 6.3.4. Events Organiser K – The Loss of an Intimate Workplace 6.3.5. Conclusions on Co-Presence and Interactivity 6.4. Conclusions on Spatialised Organisational Behaviours 7. The Space-Organisation Relationship 7.1. How Spatial Configuration-in-Use Shapes Collective Patterns of Movement 7.1.1. Strong and Weakly Programmed Movement – Spatial Configuration as an Influence on the Distribution of Movement in Complex Buildings 7.1.2. Movement and Encounter – Attractors in Space 7.2. How Movement Density Drives Interactivity 7.3. How Proximity Governs Interaction Patterns and Network Densities 7.3.1. Distances between Individuals and Resulting Patterns of Contact 7.3.2. Distances between Individuals – Adjacencies and Neighbourhoods in the Office 7.3.3. Distances within Teams – Evolving Networks of Interaction 7.3.4. Conclusions on Proximity and Interaction 8. Discussion and Conclusions 8.1. Space as Generic Function 8.1.1. Movement as Generic Function in Office Spaces 8.1.2. Generic Function – Contradicting Human Agency? 8.2. Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.1. The Preference of Spatial over Transpatial Modes 8.2.2. The Preference of Transpatial over Spatial Modes 8.2.3. Balance and Imbalance of Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.4. Different Scales of Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.5. Conclusions: Spatial and Transpatial Organisations 8.3. The Interplay between Generic Function and Spatiality/Transpatiality 8.4. Final Conclusions and Future Research Appendix A: How to Construct Netgraphs from Questionnaire Data Appendix B: Used Documents Appendix C: List of Figures Appendix D: List of Tables References
Raumstrukturen beeinflussen menschliches Handeln, oder in den Worten von Bill Hillier – menschliches Verhalten findet nicht nur zufällig im Raum statt, sondern nimmt eine spezifisch räumliche Form an. Das Interaktionsverhalten von Mitarbeitern in einem Zellenbüro beispielsweise unterscheidet sich grundlegend von den Mustern, die sich in einem Großraumbüro entwickeln. Die vorliegende Dissertation „The Space-Organisation Relationship“ beschäftigt sich daher mit der Frage, wie sich die Verbindung zwischen Raumkonfiguration und kollektivem Verhalten einer Organisation in wissensintensiven Arbeitsprozessen gestaltet. Aus der Literatur wird ersichtlich, dass trotz einiger Jahrzehnte intensiver Forschung nur wenige gesicherte Erkenntnisse existieren zur Frage, wie sich Raumstrukturen auf organisationales Verhalten auswirken. Der Diskurs zeigt deutliche Schwächen durch disziplinäre Grenzen, einen Mangel an wissenschaftlich fundierten Studien, sowie inkohärente und teils veraltete Ergebnisse. Um den aktuellen Kenntnisstand zum Verhältnis von Raum und Organisation zu erklären, stellt die Arbeit zwei entgegengesetzte Hypothesen auf: zum einen wird angenommen, dass der Mangel an vergleichenden Studien sowie methodische Schwächen verantwortlich sind für die uneindeutige Beweislage. Sollte dies der Fall sein, müssten in vergleichenden Studien mit gleichem Methodenansatz übereinstimmende Ergebnisse zu finden sein. Dies würde nahe legen, dass jede Organisation als Kollektiv gleich oder zumindest ähnlich auf vergleichbare Raumstrukturen reagiere. Zum anderen wird die entgegengesetzte Hypothese aufgestellt, dass der Charakter und die inhärente Komplexität des Wissensgebietes exakte Aussagen per se unmöglich mache. Dies könnte verifiziert werden, wenn unterschiedliche Organisationen unterschiedlich auf vergleichbare Raumstrukturen reagieren würden, obwohl dieselben wissenschaftlich fundierten Methoden angewendet wurden. Um dies zu überprüfen benutzt die vorliegende Dissertation eine Kombination aus quantitativen und qualitativen Methoden, eingebettet in einen explorativen Forschungsaufbau, um sowohl vergleichende Analysen zwischen Organisationen durchführen, als auch tiefergehende Interpretationen zu spezifischem organisationalem Verhalten anstellen zu können. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf drei intensive Fallstudien unterschiedlicher wissensintensiver Tätigkeiten – einer Universität, einem Forschungsinstitut, und einem Medienunternehmen, die in jeweils unterschiedlichen räumlichen Strukturen agieren (Zellenbüros, Gruppenbüros, Kombibüros, Großraumbüros). Aufbauend auf der vielschichtigen Analyse empirischer Ergebnisse kommt die Dissertation zur Erkenntnis, dass sich das Verhältnis zwischen Raumkonfiguration und organisationalem Verhalten durch zwei Prinzipien beschreiben lässt. Einerseits sind so genannte generische Einflüsse festzustellen, zum Beispiel zwischen Raumkonfiguration, der Platzierung von Ressourcen und Bewegungsmustern. Diese generischen Einflüsse gehen auf grundlegende menschliche Verhaltensmuster zurück und agieren im Wesentlichen unabhängig von spezifischen Organisationskulturen. Allerdings sind sie selten, und nur wenige Faktoren können als generisch angenommen werden. Andererseits ist die überwiegende Mehrheit der Raum-Organisations-Beziehungen bestimmt vom Wechsel zwischen räumlicher und so genannter trans-räumlicher Solidarität, das heißt Beziehungen zwischen Individuen können sich entweder auf räumliche oder soziale Nähe stützen. Trans-räumliche Beziehungen, die sich aufgrund von sozialer Nähe entfalten können beispielsweise Entfernungen überwinden, und sind daher in erster Linie nicht räumlich motiviert, auch wenn sie sich oft in räumlichen Ordnungen widerspiegeln. Diese beiden Prinzipien – generische Einflüsse sowie räumliche und trans-räumliche Funktionsweisen – treten in vielschichtigen Formen auf und bestimmen den Charakter des Verhältnisses zwischen Raum und Organisation. Damit treffen beide der aufgestellten Hypothesen auf unterschiedliche Aspekte und Teilbereiche des Raum-Organisations-Zusammenhangs zu.:Acknowledgements Table of Contents 1. Introduction – Space and Organisation 2. Literature Review – Space as Intangible Asset of an Organisation 2.1. Organisation Theory – Key Themes and Strands 2.2. Organisation and Space – The Forerunners 2.3. Organisation and Space – The Early Works (1960’s-1980’s) 2.3.1. Contributions Summarising the Discourse 2.3.2. Contributions Providing More Empirical Evidence 2.3.3. The Other Side of the Coin: Neglecting the Role of Physical Space 2.4. Organisation and Space – The Lean Years (1980s-1990s) 2.4.1. Continuous Neglect of Space as an Influence 2.4.2. Filling the Gaps in the Common Knowledge on Space and Organisations 2.4.3. Space Syntax as a New Emerging Theory 2.5. Organisation and Space – Recent Rediscoveries (1995 onwards) 2.5.1. Organisational Behaviour 2.5.2. Organisational Constitutions 2.6. Organisation and Space – Conclusions on a Fragmentary Evidence Base 2.6.1. Disciplinary Boundaries and Disciplinary Cultures 2.6.2. Speculative Presumptions 2.6.3. Vague Operationalisation 2.6.4. Contradictory Evidence 2.6.5. Outdated Studies Lacking Further Articulation 2.6.6. Conclusions 3. Methodology 3.1. Research Design – Inductive and Deductive Approaches 3.2. Case Study Research 3.3. Qualitative Methods 3.3.1. Structured Short Interviews 3.3.2. Semi-Structured In-Depth Interviews 3.3.3. Ethnographic Space Observations 3.3.4. Analysis of Written Documents 3.4. Quantitative Methods 3.4.1. Standardised Online Questionnaires 3.4.2. Space Syntax Analysis 3.4.3. Structured Space Observations 4. Introduction to the Case Studies 4.1. University School – High Quality Teaching and World-Leading Research 4.2. Research Institute – An International Location for Theoretical Physics 4.3. Media Corporation – Business To Business Magazines and Services 4.4. Overview of the Cases 5. Spatial Configuration – The Integration of Buildings, Spaces and Functions 5.1. Spatial Configuration 5.1.1. University School – Pre 5.1.2. University School – Post 5.1.2. Research Institute 5.1.3. Media Corporation: Publisher C – Pre 5.1.4. Media Corporation: Publisher R – Pre 5.1.5. Media Corporation: Information Business W – Pre 5.1.6. Media Corporation: Events Organiser K – Pre 5.1.7. Media Corporation – Post 5.1.8. Spatial Configuration – A Comparative Overview of All Buildings 5.1.9. The Case of Satellite Offices and their Configurational Implications for the Organisations 5.2. Spatial Strategies – Distribution of Resources 5.2.1. Spatial Integration of Facilities and Functions 5.2.2. Distance and Proximity 5.3. Conclusions on the Building Potentials of Configurations-in-Use 6. Organisational Behaviour in Space – Movement Flows and Co-Presence 6.1. Collective Patterns of Movement 6.2. Density of Movement 6.3. Presence and Co-Presence: Intensity of Activities 6.3.1. Publisher C – From Four Separated Floors into One Compact Space 6.3.2. Publisher R – Increasing Interaction Dynamics 6.3.3. Information Business W – Changed Environments in the Same Building 6.3.4. Events Organiser K – The Loss of an Intimate Workplace 6.3.5. Conclusions on Co-Presence and Interactivity 6.4. Conclusions on Spatialised Organisational Behaviours 7. The Space-Organisation Relationship 7.1. How Spatial Configuration-in-Use Shapes Collective Patterns of Movement 7.1.1. Strong and Weakly Programmed Movement – Spatial Configuration as an Influence on the Distribution of Movement in Complex Buildings 7.1.2. Movement and Encounter – Attractors in Space 7.2. How Movement Density Drives Interactivity 7.3. How Proximity Governs Interaction Patterns and Network Densities 7.3.1. Distances between Individuals and Resulting Patterns of Contact 7.3.2. Distances between Individuals – Adjacencies and Neighbourhoods in the Office 7.3.3. Distances within Teams – Evolving Networks of Interaction 7.3.4. Conclusions on Proximity and Interaction 8. Discussion and Conclusions 8.1. Space as Generic Function 8.1.1. Movement as Generic Function in Office Spaces 8.1.2. Generic Function – Contradicting Human Agency? 8.2. Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.1. The Preference of Spatial over Transpatial Modes 8.2.2. The Preference of Transpatial over Spatial Modes 8.2.3. Balance and Imbalance of Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.4. Different Scales of Spatiality and Transpatiality 8.2.5. Conclusions: Spatial and Transpatial Organisations 8.3. The Interplay between Generic Function and Spatiality/Transpatiality 8.4. Final Conclusions and Future Research Appendix A: How to Construct Netgraphs from Questionnaire Data Appendix B: Used Documents Appendix C: List of Figures Appendix D: List of Tables References

Les biotechnologies, le réchauffement climatique, les ressources naturelles et la gestion des écosystèmes sont tous représentatifs de la “nouvelle politique de la nature” (Hajer 2003), un terme englobant les enjeux marqués par une grande incertitude scientifique et un encadrement réglementaire inadapté aux nouvelles réalités, suscitant de fait un conflit politique hors du commun. Dans l'espoir de diminuer ces tensions et de générer un savoir consensuel, de nombreux gouvernements se tournent vers des institutions scientifiques ad hoc pour documenter l'élaboration des politiques et répondre aux préoccupations des partie-prenantes. Mais ces évaluations scientifiques permettent-elles réellement de créer une compréhension commune partagée par ces acteurs politiques polarisés? Alors que l'on pourrait croire que celles-ci génèrent un climat d'apprentissage collectif rassembleur, un environnement politique conflictuel rend l'apprentissage entre opposant extrêmement improbable. Ainsi, cette recherche documente le potentiel conciliateur des évaluation scientifique en utilisant le cas des gaz de schiste québécois (2010-2014). Ce faisant, elle mobilise la littérature sur les dimensions politiques du savoir et de la science afin de conceptualiser le rôle des évaluations scientifiques au sein d'une théorie de la médiation scientifique (scientific brokerage). Une analyse de réseau (SNA) des 5751 références contenues dans les documents déposés par 268 organisations participant aux consultations publiques de 2010 et 2014 constitue le corps de la démonstration empirique. Précisément, il y est démontré comment un médiateur scientifique peut rediriger le flux d'information afin de contrer l'incompatibilité entre apprentissage collectif et conflit politique. L'argument mobilise les mécanismes cognitifs traditionnellement présents dans la théorie des médiateurs de politique (policy broker), mais introduit aussi les jeux de pouvoir fondamentaux à la circulation de la connaissance entre acteurs politiques.
Biotechnology, climate change, natural resources, and ecosystem management are all representative of the “new politics of nature” (Hajer 2003), a term encompassing policy issues with high scientific uncertainties, unadapted regulatory regimes, and acute political conflict. In the hope of diminishing these tensions and generating a consensual understanding, several governments mandated ad hoc scientific institutions to document policymaking and answer stakeholder’s concerns. But do those scientific assessments really help to generate a shared understanding between otherwise polarized policy actors? While it would be possible that these create inclusive collective learning dynamics, policy learning has been shown as being extremely unlikely among competing policy actors. Accordingly, this research documents the conciliatory power of scientific assessments using the Quebec shale gas policymaking case (2010–2014). In doing so, it mobilizes the literature stressing the political nature of science to conceptualize scientific assessment in light of a scientific brokerage theory. Empirically, the research uses Social Network Analysis to unravel the collective learning dynamics found in two information networks built from the 5751 references found in the advocacy and technical documents published by 268 organizations during two public consultations. Precisely, findings demonstrate that scientific brokerage can redirect information flows to counteract the divide between collective learning and political conflict. The argument mobilizes cognitive mechanisms traditionally found in policy brokerage theory, but also introduces often forgotten power interplays prominent in policy-related knowledge diffusion.

Benefiting from the constant and significant advancement of wireless communication technologies and networking protocols, Wireless Ad hoc NETwork (WANET) has played a more and more important role in modern communication networks without relying much on existing infrastructures. The past decades have seen numerous applications adopting ad hoc networks for service provisioning. For example, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be widely deployed for environment monitoring and object tracking by utilizing low-cost, low-power and multi-function sensor nodes. To realize such applications, the design and evaluation of communication protocols are of significant importance. Meanwhile, the network performance analysis based on mathematical models is also in great need of development and improvement. This dissertation investigates the above topics from three important and fundamental aspects, including data collection protocol design, protocol modeling and analysis, and physical interference modeling and analysis. The contributions of this dissertation are four-fold. First, this dissertation investigates the synchronization issue in the duty-cycled, pipelined-scheduling data collection of a WSN, based on which a pipelined data collection protocol, called PDC, is proposed. PDC takes into account both the pipelined data collection and the underlying schedule synchronization over duty-cycled radios practically and comprehensively. It integrates all its components in a natural and seamless way to simplify the protocol implementation and to achieve a high energy efficiency and low packet delivery latency. Based on PDC, an Adaptive Data Collection (ADC) protocol is further proposed to achieve dynamic duty-cycling and free addressing, which can improve network heterogeneity, load adaptivity, and energy efficiency. Both PDC and ADC have been implemented in a pioneer open-source operating system for the Internet of Things, and evaluated through a testbed built based on two hardware platforms, as well as through emulations. Second, Linear Sensor Network (LSN) has attracted increasing attention due to the vast requirements on the monitoring and surveillance of a structure or area with a linear topology. Being aware that, for LSN, there is few work on the network modeling and analysis based on a duty-cycled MAC protocol, this dissertation proposes a framework for modeling and analyzing a class of duty-cycled, multi-hop data collection protocols for LSNs. With the model, the dissertation thoroughly investigates the PDC performance in an LSN, considering both saturated and unsaturated scenarios, with and without retransmission. Extensive OPNET simulations have been carried out to validate the accuracy of the model. Third, in the design and modeling of PDC above, the transmission and interference ranges are defined for successful communications between a pair of nodes. It does not consider the cumulative interference from the transmitters which are out of the contention range of a receiver. Since most performance metrics in wireless networks, such as outage probability, link capacity, etc., are nonlinear functions of the distances among communicating, relaying, and interfering nodes, a physical interference model based on distance is definitely needed in quantifying these metrics. Such quantifications eventually involve the Nodal Distance Distribution (NDD) intrinsically depending on network coverage and nodal spatial distribution. By extending a tool in integral geometry and using decomposition and recursion, this dissertation proposes a systematic and algorithmic approach to obtaining the NDD between two nodes which are uniformly distributed at random in an arbitrarily-shaped network. Fourth, with the proposed approach to NDDs, the dissertation presents a physical interference model framework to analyze the cumulative interference and link outage probability for an LSN running the PDC protocol. The framework is further applied to analyze 2D networks, i.e., ad hoc Device-to-Device (D2D) communications underlaying cellular networks, where the cumulative interference and link outage probabilities for both cellular and D2D communications are thoroughly investigated.
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The city is a complex object. Some researchers look at its shape, others at its people, animals, ecology, policy, infrastructures, buildings, history, art, or technical networks. Some researchers analyse processes of in- or exclusion, gentrification, or social mobility; others biological evolution, traffic flows, or spatial development. Many combine these topics or add still more topics beyond this list. Some projects cross the boundaries of research and practice and engage in action research, while others pursue knowledge for the sake of curiosity. This volume embraces this variety of perspectives and provides an essential collection of methodologies for studying the city from multiple, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary perspectives. We start by recognizing that the complexity of the urban environment cannot be understood from a single vantage point. We therefore offer multiple methodologies in order to gather and analyse data about the city, and provide ways to connect and integrate these approaches. The contributors form a talented network of urban scholars and practitioners at the forefront of their fields. They offer hands-on methodological techniques and skills for data collection and analysis. Furthermore, they reveal honest and insightful reflections from behind the scenes. All methodologies are illustrated with examples drawn from the authors own research applying them in the city of Amsterdam. In this way, the volume also offers a rich collection of Amsterdam-based research and outcomes that may inform local urban practitioners and policy makers. Altogether, the volume offers indispensable tools for and aims to educate a new generation of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary-minded urban scholars and practitioners.

Collective Memory and the Dutch East Indies: Unremembering Loss examines the afterlife of decolonization in the collective memory of the Netherlands. It offers a new perspective on the cultural history of representing the decolonization of the Dutch East Indies, and maps out how a contested collective memory was shaped. Taking a transdisciplinary approach and applying several theoretical frames from literary studies, sociology, cultural anthropology and film theory, the author reveals how mediated memories contributed to a process of what he calls "unremembering." He analyses in detail a broad variety of sources, including novels, films, documentaries, radio interviews, memoirs and historical studies, to reveal how five decades of representing and remembering decolonization fed into an unremembering by which some key notions were silenced or ignored. The author concludes that historians, or the historical guild, bear much responsibility for the unremembering of decolonization in Dutch collective memory.

The contributions presented at the study day held in Empoli in May 2006 – now collected in book form – are intended to provide a contribution to the debate on the relations between the teaching of history of architecture, design and historiography. Each essay addresses a specific issue, proposing an analysis and valorisation of the sources (documents, images, diaries etc.) and the resources available for research, representation and design. Taken as a whole, the collective work aims at defining a history of architecture focused on a knowledge and understanding of how, at different times and in different places, man has interacted with the geographical or environmental context to organise the physical space. A history of architecture in seamless relation with that of the city and the territory. A history of architecture that posits itself as an essential component in the design culture of architects and town planners, fostering a mode of intervention generated by a profound knowledge of the complex realities in which it takes shape.

This collection of essays is meant to explore the various forms that the theme and the notion of "tradition2 took within the South Asian context, during ancient and pre-colonial periods. Designed by the editor to cover a significant selection of the specialized fields of knowledge that shaped classical South Asian intellectual history, the aim of this volume is to offer a stimulating anthology of papers on the different and complex processes employed during the "invention", construction, preservation and renewal of a given tradition.In this regard, the contributors have expertly analysed a large variety of aspects, namely the transmission of traditional canons "both textual and practical", the dynamisms and the strategies chosen for the renewal of a tradition, its internal and external dialectics, the procedures of its legitimation, the theoretical and pragmatic mechanisms of its survival, the tensions and the criticisms of traditional knowledge systems, etc. Attention has also been paid to problems related to the primacy exercised by highly specialized traditional experts, to monopolies in the transmission of knowledge, to its means of cultural and political justification, and to the connections between a specific traditional field of knowledge and the surrounding social arena.

This essay focuses on the ‘voice’ as it sounds in a specific type of recordings. This recordings always reproduce a poet performing a poem of his/her by reading it aloud. Nowadays this kind of recordings are quite common on Internet, while before the ’90 digital turn it was possible to find them only in specific collection of poetry books that came with a music cassette or a CD. These cultural objects, as other and more ancient analogic sources, were quite expensive to produce and acquire. However, all of them contain this same type of recoding which share the same characteristic: the author’s voice reading aloud a poem of his/her. By bearing in mind this specific cultural objet and its characteristics, this study aims to analyse the «intermedial relation» that occur between a poetic text and its recorded version with the author’s voice. This «intermedial relation» occurs especially when these two elements (text and voice) are juxtaposed and experienced simultaneously. In fact, some online archives dedicated to this type of recording present this configuration forcing the user to receive both text and voice in the same space and at the same time This specific configuration not just activates the intermedial relation, but also hybridises the status of both the reader, who become a «reader-listener», and the author, who become a «author-reader». By using an interdisciplinary approach that combines philosophy, psychology, anthropology, linguistics and cognitive sciences, the essay propose a method to «critically listening» some Spanish poets’ way of vocalising their poems. In addition, the book present Phonodia web archive built at the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice as a paradigmatic answer to editorial problems related to online multimedia archives dedicated to these specific recordings. An extent part of the book is dedicated to the twenty-eight interviews made to the Spanish contemporary poets who became part of Phonodia and agreed in discussing about their personal relation to ‘voice’ and how this element works in their creative practice.

This chapter provides a detailed example of SAXS data analysis from a well behaving system. After collecting the SAXS data, several data analysis procedures are illustrated to ensure the data were of sufficient quality. Many of these steps are performed by comparing multiple concentrations from a dilution series, demonstrating the importance of this step in the data collection procedure for ensuring high quality data. Finally, real space modeling and shape reconstructions are shown to determine the oligomeric state as a tetramer, and identify the correct oligomeric assembly from crystal packing predictions.

Social networks fundamentally shape our lives. Networks channel the ways that information, emotions, and diseases flow through populations. Networks reflect differences in power and status in settings ranging from small peer groups to international relations across the globe. Network tools even provide insights into the ways that concepts, ideas and other socially generated contents shape culture and meaning. As such, the rich and diverse field of social network analysis has emerged as a central tool across the social sciences. This Handbook provides an overview of the theory, methods, and substantive contributions of this field. The thirty-three chapters move through the basics of social network analysis aimed at those seeking an introduction to advanced and novel approaches to modeling social networks statistically. The Handbook includes chapters on data collection and visualization, theoretical innovations, links between networks and computational social science, and how social network analysis has contributed substantively across numerous fields. As networks are everywhere in social life, the field is inherently interdisciplinary and this Handbook includes contributions from leading scholars in sociology, archaeology, economics, statistics, and information science among others.

By analyzing initiatives related to institutional racism and the collection of color/race data, this chapter elucidates the ways in which discourses on race, racism, and racial identity have taken shape in the Brazilian health sector. The analysis examines how the concept of institutional racism informed programmatic initiatives in cities such as Salvador and Recife during the early and mid 2000s. This chapter also discusses efforts to encourage collection of color/race data in the state of São Paulo and the complexities of promoting discussions of racial identity and racial health disparities among health professionals in Brazil.

This book presents the outcomes of the research project on “The New Silk Road: Implications for higher education and research cooperation between China and Europe.” It addresses questions regarding how academic mobility and cooperation is taking shape along the New Silk Road and what difference it will make in the global higher education landscape. It presents a rich collection of contributions by scholars from Europe, China, the USA, Russia, and Australia, combining perspectives from anthropology, computer sciences, economics, education, history, law, political science, philosophy, science and technology studies, sinology, and sociology. Introductory chapters present the global context for the NSR, the development of Chinese universities along international models, and the history and outcomes of EU–China cooperation. The flows and patterns in academic cooperation along the New Silk Road as they shape and have been shaped by China’s universities are explored in more detail in the following chapters. The conditions for Sino-foreign cooperation are discussed next, with an analysis of regulatory frameworks for cooperation, recognition, data, and privacy. Comparative work follows on the cultural traditions and academic values, similarities and differences between Sinic and Anglo-American political and educational cultures, and their implications for the governance and mission of higher education, the role of critical scholarship, and the state and standing of the humanities in China. The book concludes with contributions focusing on the “Idea of a University”; the values underpinning its mission, shape, and purpose, reflecting on the implications of China’s rapid higher education development for the geo-politics of higher education itself.

AbstractDeparting from a close analysis of Portrait of Jennie, and with reference to Laura (Preminger, 1944), Corridor of Mirrors (1948), and Vertigo (Hitchcock, 1958), among other films, this chapter lays out my understanding of the term ‘memory’. Expanding on its intricacies, the chapter characterises gothic protagonists as re-collectors whose movements of search drive the films and posits that the gothic aesthetic exists in places and under certain forms that critics do not usually explore. Such is the case with objects: in the course of the films, particular objects stand out from the mise-en-scène and acquire specific properties that shape the onscreen journeys of the characters and our viewing experience. The Gothic, I suggest, builds on the hoarding and retrieval of memories through what I call ‘memory-objects’: objects that stand for or have become memory, including photographs and wax figures. In this sense, my readings construct re-membering as a spatial act and memory as placeable and tangible. In its tangibility, memory might become transmissible, running the risk of being co-opted by others. This strengthens my overarching argument that the aesthetic foregrounds an exilic discourse wherein the self becomes divorced or estranged from its identity as it tries to recover the past.

AbstractThe wider availability of data and the growing technological advancements in data collection, management, and analysis introduce unprecedented opportunities, as well as complexity in policy making. This condition questions the very basis of the policy making process towards new interpretative models. Growing data availability, in fact, increasingly affects the way we analyse urban problems and make decisions for cities: data are a promising resource for more effective decisions, as well as for better interacting with the context where decisions are implemented. By dealing with the operative implications in the use of a growing amount of available data in policy making processes, this contribution starts discussing the chance offered by data in the design, implementation, and evaluation of a planning policy, with a critical review of the evidence-based policy making approaches; then it introduces the relevance of data in the policy design experiments and the conditions for its uses.

AbstractThis contribution examines malu (shame) as an effect of Indonesian women’s migration, illustrating how gendered moral discourses shape the problematic politics of labour migration in the country. It argues that shame not only reinforces several problematic gender and moral discourses imposed on Indonesian migrant women but also heightens their precarious role and place in their home and host countries.This essay probes into the possibilities opened by Indonesian migrant domestic workers themselves as they write, publish and circulate their own stories in Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan as part of the emerging cultural production of Sastra Buruh Migran Indonesia, Indonesian Migrant Workers’ Literature. It makes an innovative contribution to this collection by analysing how, in five short fiction anthologies of Indonesian migrant domestic workersin Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, instances of shame and shaming matter in the representation of their daily lives and how they narrate their encounters and practices of queer sexual identities and interracial intimacies in transnational spaces. Through migrant women’s understanding of what counts as malu, I argue that their stories present a more complex negotiation of their precariousness, as they exhibit instances of agencyand mobility that go beyond traditional gender discourses upheld back home.

AbstractSelf-rated health, or self-assessed health, is based on asking individuals to evaluate their general health status on a four- or five-point scale, with response options ranging from ‘very good’ to ‘very poor’. This simple question has been one of the most frequently used health indicators for decades. In nursing research, the voices, interpretations and understanding of humans, as well as their ability to shape their experiences, are studied through the collection and analysis of primarily qualitative materials that are subjective and narrative in nature. However, knowledge about subjective experiences of health and illness, situated and filtered through the life-world of the individual, can also be sought using other approaches. The aim of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, it aims to outline perspectives on how epidemiology and population-based studies of self-rated health as an indicator of subjective experiences can generate new evidence to solve nursing problems and expand nursing knowledge. Secondly, based on the hypothesis that there is an association between good self-rated health and a person’s capability to master the gains and losses of late life, the chapter also aims to describe how personal capability can be operationalised as self-rated health, given that this seemingly simple question delegates to the individual the task of synthesising, in a single evaluation, the many dimensions that make up the complex concept of health and wellbeing in old age. Although a person’s capabilities are dependent on a large variety of factors, at the individual level, symptom experience, chronic illnesses and functional disability are paramount. Therefore, in this chapter, the focus will be on self-rated health as an indicator of personal capability in the fourth age – the period of late life characterised by illness, frailty, impairment and dependence on others. To study self-rated health during this period of life is especially interesting in that the discrepancy between subjective and objective health seems to increase with age, and older olds tend to rate their health as better than younger olds given the same level of disease and functioning.

The aim of this article is to analyse patterns of territoriality constructed “from below”, based on evidence drawn from a wide range of territories, which were held together by the presence of local initiatives instead of being linked automatically to the central-authority organisation. As this situation was typical of the Duero Plateau, three case studies have been chosen (Ausín, Valdesaz, and Palenzuela). An analysis of these cases shows that the territories were shaped around collective action and focused on common goals, mutual defence practices, and the selection of complementary riverside and mountain landscapes. These arenas of local micropolitics were integrated into the encompassing powers, breaking with the early medieval idea of “deterritorialisation”.

The way in which Ono no Komachi’s personal collection (Komachishū) loosely shapes her “life” is believed to have been influenced not only by stories and legends that were orally transmitted soon after her death, but also by the image of flowering and decline depicted in her most celebrated poem, Hana no iro wa. Through an analysis of the textual lines of the collection, this paper aims to shed light on the significance of another renowned poem by Komachi, Wabinureba. This poem is pivotal in establishing one of the central themes of the Komachishū - Komachi’s later life of misery (ukimi) - and serves as inspiration for the chōka that narrates Komachi’s sad and uncertain existence following the loss of her partner. By examining the chōka, this contribution further argues that, as it was included in a previous 45-poem variant text of the Komachishū, it could have served as a potential framework for portraying Komachi's life as depicted in the expanded popular text (the 116-poem rufubon) of the collection.

This paper describes the conception, development and evolution of the SHARE Catalogue, which was designed to integrate the bibliographic data of the institutions participating in the SHARE Consortium in a collective catalogue of linked open data. Among the recent processes concerning the catalogue, this article analyses both the UNIMARC-BIBFRAME 2.0 mapping, managed by an inter-university technical group, and its ongoing transposition into a dedicated Wikibase instance. The different and successive stages of the platform are described in order to highlight its proximity to the collaborative practices promoted in the context of the Share Family, and to affirm how crucial these practices are for an effective representation of cultural resources in the web of data, in line with the requirements of quality and re-use of the information produced by the institutions, and long-term sustainability.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Computational icing analysis results were compared to experimental icing tunnel data including aerothermal (e.g., dry air) and supercooled water droplet rime-ice conditions from tests conducted in early 2022 at the NASA Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). The Simulated Inter-compressor Duct Research Model (SIDRM) test article was used in this study, and its geometry represents the inter-compressor duct region of a turbofan engine. The test article’s purpose is to study the physics of supercooled water icing and ice crystal icing. This study compared three different icing codes: FENSAP-ICE (Eulerian approach), LEWICE3D (Lagrangian approach), and GlennICE (Lagrangian approach). All three icing codes were conducted on SIDRM’s complex body flow-field and compared to different experimental supercooled water rime runs. The test article instrumentation (pressure taps, thermocouples, etc.) and 3D laser scans of final ice shapes were used to compare against the different icing code simulations. The overall objectives are to understand how the icing codes handle capturing collection efficiency on the complex test article’s unheated surfaces. In the aerothermal cases, pressure tap readings matched the CFD results, but dry air CFD underpredicted thermocouple readings. Collection efficiency results from all three icing codes matched well together on the main body leading edge, main body slope, and the strut leading edges. Rime experimental collection efficiency was calculated from the raw 3D laser scan of the ice shape using a traditional equation. Results showed different matches to the icing codes at the main body nose, ramp, and strut leading edges. All three icing codes underpredicted the final ice shape using a single-shot constant ice density approach, with more difficulty coming from the strut leading edge ice shape due to the swept wing like flow field. NASA’s overall goal for this effort is to develop computational icing tools to assist in the design and certification of engines for flight in icing conditions.</div></div>

This paper presents a shape analysis on orthogonal feature curves of 3D bald head scans with the intention of predicting scalp shape under the hair. While there are currently a number of large scale 3D head data collections available around the world, they unfortunately all suffer from hair obstruction preventing an accurate description of true scalp shape. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between a small set of head anthropometric measurements and the feature curves of the scalp shape based on a small set of 3D bald head scans. The feature curves include scalp profile along the sagittal plane, coronal plane and a cross-sectional curve at the level of glabella.Introduction: The ever increasing availability of 3D scans of the human head has been a valuable source of information for improving head shape related equipment design and engineering with the goal of improving overall fit, sizing and comfort. However the existence of the hair prevents the actual recording and analysis of true scalp shape, and thus the analysis of scalp shape remains an elusive work. For this reason, much of the data analysis based on 3D head scans is mostly limited on facial shape and some facial landmarks. To overcome this limitation, it is desirable to be able to reconstruct the cranium shape from a few easy to obtain anthropometric measurements. In order to achieve this goal we obtained three orthogonal feature curves from 83 bald head scans and build regression equation between principal component scores of these curves and a number of head measurements such as head length, head breadth and tragion-to-top of head distance. The prediction error of these equations are evaluated. The approach: A total of 83 bald head scans taken in the 2012 anthropometric survey of US Army personnel (ANSUR II) from male soldiers are available for the analysis. From these bald head scans we identified three feature curves that principally define the scalp shape. These curves are a profile along the sagittal plane, a profile curve along the coronal plane and a cross-sectional curve at glabella level. These curves are then sampled in an equal angular space and grouped by their respective plane. The collection of each feature curves forms a shape space. We applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to those shape curves and decomposed the shape variation of each curve group into its respective principal axes. After conducting the PCA each curve group has a reduced dimension of 4~5 principal components that account for 95% of total variance. It shows major shape variations within each feature curve group. Then we apply multiple linear regression to the above head measurements and PCA scores of each curve group (Principal component regression or PCR). The regression equations for each curve and each PC were evaluated for their predicting power. From these regression equations the constituent feature curves can be selected from respective shape space based on head anthropometric measurements. Then PCR was also applied to the shape space of combined three curves as compared to prediction power in individual curve spaces.The results and discussion: PCR results from all orthogonal curve spaces and combined three curve space have similar predicting power as their R-squared value falling between 0.6 ~ 0.7. With a set of feature curves it is possible to further derive a 3D shape of the scalp. Although the three head measurements used in this study are effectively correlated to the first and second principal component in each group, other principal components contribute to subtle shape variations. This is an area need further analysis. We will also investigate methods to predicting 3D scalp shape from three feature curves and accuracy of the reconstruction of 3D scalp from those curves.

A coupled aerodynamic/structures approach is presented for predicting the flying shape and performance of yacht sails in upwind conditions. The method is incorporated in a flow simulation computer program, and is part of an ultimate objective for a simultaneous aeroelastic/hydro analysis in a Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program (DVPP), that will include a 6DOF motion solver, and at some point could include calculations in waves. The time-stepping aerodynamic module uses an advanced vortex lattice method for the sails and a panel method with special base separation treatment to represent the abovewater part of the hull and mast. A coupled inverse boundary layer analysis is applied on all surfaces including both sides of each sail membrane; this computes the skinfriction drag and the source displacement effects of the boundary layers and wakes, including bubble and leeside “trailing-edge” type separations. . At each step, the computed aerodynamic pressure and skin-friction loads are transferred to a coupled structures module that uses a network grid of tension “cords” in each sail membrane, each cord representing a collection of fiber “strings”. The solution of a structural equilibrium matrix provides the displacements needed to achieve balance between the aerodynamic and tension loads at each grid point as the shape iterations proceed. Details of the methodology used are presented and comparisons of predicted aerodynamic forces to wind tunnel results and an existing VPP sail model are provided. In addition, predictions are compared to some simple experiments to demonstrate the aerodynamic/structural coupling necessary to predict flying shape. Finally, an outline is given for incorporation of this methodology into the planned Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program.

In this paper, we present FeatSet, a compilation of visual features extracted from open image datasets reported in the literature. FeatSet has a collection of 11 visual features, consisting of color, texture, and shape representations of the images acquired from 13 datasets. We organized the available features in a standard collection, including the available metadata and labels, when available. We also provide a description of the domain of each dataset included in our collection, with visual analysis using Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) methods. FeatSet is recommended for supervised and non-supervised learning, also widely supporting Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) applications and complex data indexing using Metric Access Methods (MAMs).

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the supercooled water droplet trajectories and ice accretion in a fan rotor blade under part load conditions. An Eulerian-Lagrangian approach is used in formulating the flow and droplet governing equations in the rotating reference frame. A one-way interaction model is used to model the effects of momentum and energy exchange effects with the flow on the droplets as they travel through the rotor. Simulation results are presented for the flow field at 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% design rotational speeds. Results showing the droplet trajectory paths and collection efficiency contours at part load conditions highlight the influence of engine speed and blade geometry. A heat transfer analysis shows the effect of speed on droplet temperature rise. Based on the impingement statistics and computed flow characteristics, a quasi-3D analysis of the ice accretion over the rotor blade is also conducted using the code LEWICE. Results are presented for the ice shape variation along the span and rotor speeds. It was found that the accreted ice mass and shape is highly dependent on rotor speed and local flow velocity.

Abstract With the advent and proliferation of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning (AIML) techniques into various fields of science, there have been efforts to accelerate the process of designing, developing & manufacturing new materials thus saving on time & cost. Additionally, the image analysis methods in AIML can help in capturing the nuances of the processing thus enabling the researchers to interface Processing – Structure – Properties of the materials’ systems. The authors have developed an integrated tool, AMDAD, with graphical user interface (GUI) which has all the machine learning operations in one platform starting from data collection, data pre-processing, model fitting, optimization to reading the microstructures.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents impingement analysis on a nacelle inlet, multibody airfoil, and swept tail under Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) conditions in icing tunnels. Impingement and collection efficiency calculations are crucial for ice shape and protection analyses. The aerospace icing community selected three cases for simulation, focusing on SLD conditions, which require specific mathematical models for accurate representation. The present authors used a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool to evaluate pressure coefficients and collection efficiency, comparing them with experimental data. CFD simulations incorporated fully turbulent flow using various turbulence models and Eulerian droplet transport, considering experimental droplet distribution. The results showed acceptable deviations despite SLD simulation challenges and experimental data problems. A secondary conclusion suggests simplifying a 27-bin distribution to a 10-bin distribution to take into account the cumulative mass curve. An accumulated mass index is proposed to compare different simulations. Importantly, the CFD accurately captures the impingement limits, enhancing its value for engineering purposes. This study demonstrates the suitability of the CFD method by showcasing its application to address aircraft certification challenges, emphasizing the importance of integrating engineering perspectives within CFD simulation results.</div></div>

Abstract Machine tool dynamics has an important role in machine health monitoring, chatter prevention, machining process control, and improvement of manufacturing accuracy. For industrial applications, system dynamics vary with the machining process. To achieve this information during operation, the operational modal analysis (OMA) method, which can observe dynamic performance with output only, has rapidly developed and evolved into transmissibility function-based operational modal analysis (TOMA), with the ratio of outputs used for the estimation of system dynamics. However, this analysis is limited by excitation variance and nature of coherence deformation for the entire system when machining position or posture change. To precisely estimate machine dynamics in process, this study proposes the use of feature fitting from a mode shape database after collection by TOMA. By segmenting the continuous machining process, the variation in system dynamics during operation can be separated into domains under the requirement of machining accuracy. A numerical experiment was performed with a no-damping finite element model of one machining center to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method. Subsequently, the experimental performance of the mode shape with several accelerometers was evaluated, and the differences with finite element results were discussed with further consideration of application in practice.

The paper seeks to unfold the interrelationship and interaction between architecture and fashion disciplines. This research aims to explore ways of introducing architectural and computational tools into design processes of a fashion collection. In terms of methodology, the catalogue of the exhibition “RRRIPP!! Paper Fashion” which describes the history of paper garments was studied, in combination with an analysis of Iris Van Herpens’ parametric dresses via architectural diagrams. Different styles and the development of their patterns were also studied, overcoming the lack of pattern making and anthropometry knowledge that architects could face. A series of experimentations were made, using the paper as the main material. In these experimentations the paper was transformed into a garment that dresses the body via folding techniques, by following: Folding techniques for designers. The results revealed that the body is the main axis of the design process. Based on this conclusion an algorithm was developed, in 3D software platforms, as a solution/tool for the experimentations but also for a broader use from a fashion expert. The algorithm needs as an input the persons’ body measurements, such as the circumference of bust, waist, hips etc. and outputs the digital 3D representation of that specific body. This algorithm converts each different and unique body type into an asset for both exhibitional and design purposes. Α paper garment was finally developed by using the algorithm and the paper models that were the result of the experimentation process. Different folding techniques were applied on the paper that transformed it into a “smart” surface that combines the principles of shape, structure and ornament. The final product proves that architectural tools can cooperate well with the fashion disciplines in order to provide unique results.

Supersonic projectiles in air generate acoustical signatures that are fundamentally related to the projectile’s shape, size, and velocity. These characteristics influence various mechanisms involved in the generation, propagation, decay, and coalescence of acoustic waves. To understand the relationships between projectile shape, size, velocity, and the physical mechanisms involved, an experimental effort captured the acoustic field produced by a range of supersonic projectiles using both conventional pressure sensors and a schlieren imaging system. The results of this ongoing project will elucidate those fundamental mechanisms, enabling more sophisticated tools for detection, classification, localization, and tracking. This paper details the experimental setup, data collection, and preliminary analysis of a series of ballistic projectiles, both idealized and currently in use by the U.S. Military.

In this project, Intelligent Automation, Incorporated (IAI) and Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL) propose a novel and integrated approach to inspect the mechanical dents and metal loss in pipelines. It combines the state-of-the-art SH wave Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) technique, through detailed numerical modeling, data collection instrumentation, and advanced signal processing and pattern classifications, to detect and characterize mechanical defects in the underground pipeline transportation infrastructures. The technique has four components: (1) thorough guided wave modal analysis, (2) recently developed three-dimensional (3-D) Boundary Element Method (BEM) for best operational condition selection and defect feature extraction, (3) ultrasonic Shear Horizontal (SH) waves EMAT sensor design and data collection, and (4) advanced signal processing algorithm like a nonlinear split-spectrum filter, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) for signal-to-noise-ratio enhancement, crack signature extraction, and pattern classification. This technology not only can effectively address the problems with the existing methods, i.e., to detect the mechanical dents and metal loss in the pipelines consistently and reliably but also it is able to determine the defect shape and size to a certain extent.

The Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA) is a world-wide network of sites dedicated to monitoring changes in alpine flora near mountain tops. In this project we analyzed data collected at 5 sets of GLORIA monitoring sites in the Rocky Mountains of the western USA. Each site was visited between 2 and 4 times in the years spanning 2003 to 2021. These sites include four National Parks (Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve, Rocky Mountain National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and Glacier National Park) and one wilderness area in the Pecos Wilderness within Santa Fe National Forest. We focused on testing the climatic sensitivity of the alpine flora as a whole, and the relative responsiveness of plant species based upon their commonness or rarity, their geographic ranges, and other aspects of their life forms and of site characteristics. We find that across all sites and species there is strong evidence for turnover of the flora in the GLORIA sampling areas, with rare species disproportionately increasing over time and common species generally declining. We also find that graminoids and shrubs have increased more than forbs, as has been found or suggested in other studies. Multiple climate variables have significant influence on changes in plant cover. In particular, higher annual precipitation increases abundance, on average. Lower growing season precipitation, higher growing degree days (reflecting both warmer temperatures and more days of higher temperatures), and higher mean temperatures also lead to increasing abundance. Also, species with lower latitudinal ranges tended to increase more over time, while species with more northerly ranges often declined. Within these general trends there are substantial differences between species, as indicated by random species-level effects, but there were no strong patterns in these effects that would suggest additional generalizations between species groups. Beyond our findings regarding the drivers of alpine plant dynamics, we examined factors that could potentially add bias or uncertainty to the data sets and made recommendations regarding data collection going forward. Among these suggestions are: 1) that all the NPS GLORIA teams consider consulting with previous species lists when performing field surveys; 2) that redundant temperature data loggers be deployed by at least two team members at each plot; and 3) that a careful training protocol be developed to better standardize cover estimation across parks and censuses. We expand on these recommendations at the end of report.

CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children engaged in the worst forms of child labour in Bangladesh to share and analyse their life stories. Over 400 life stories were collected from children who worked in the leather supply chain, or who lived and worked in leather sector neighbourhoods. Using causal mapping, 53 children who were engaged in or had experience of the worst forms of child labour collectively analysed the data. This resulted in children’s life stories becoming the evidence base for revealing macro‑level system dynamics that drive the worst forms of child labour. This paper is a record of the children’s analysis of the life stories and key themes they identified, which formed the basis of a series of seven child-led Participatory Action Research groups.

Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia (CLARISSA) has a participatory and child-centred approach that supports children to gather evidence, analyse it themselves and generate solutions to the problems they identify. The life story collection and collective analysis processes supported children and young people involved in the worst forms of child labour in Kathmandu to share and analyse their life stories. Four hundred life stories were collected and then analysed by children and young people engaged in and affected by the worst forms of child labour, including those who had previously been life storytellers and/or life story collectors. The data was collectively analysed using causal mapping, resulting in children’s life stories becoming the evidence base for revealing the macro-level system dynamics that drive the worst forms of child labour. This paper is a record of the children and young people’s analysis of the life stories and the key themes they identified, which formed the basis of a series of eight child-led Participatory Action Research groups based in Kathmandu.

In the Terai region of South-Eastern Nepal, there persists a form of agricultural bonded labour called Harwa-Charwa, rooted in agricultural feudal social relations. The Terai has a long and dynamic political history with limited employment opportunities and high levels of migration. This paper is an external qualitative analysis of over 150 life stories from individuals living in an area with high levels of bonded labour. These stories were previously analysed during a workshop through a collective participatory analysis. Both the participatory analysis and external analysis found similar mechanisms that trap people in poverty and bonded labour. The disaggregation by age in the external analysis could explain why child marriage and child labour were very important in the collective analysis but did not match the results of a baseline survey in the same geographical area that found only a few cases. The respondents were aged between 15 and 65. Child marriage and child labour had shaped the lives of the adults but have since decreased. Methodologically, the different ways of analysis diverge in their ability to differentiate timelines. The participatory analysis gives historical insights on pathways into child labour, but although some of the social norms persist this situation has changed.

At TABLE, we select annual themes to guide our work. These are usually concepts that act as fault lines in discussions of food system transformation, and concern what a ‘good’ food future might look like. Through a series of reports, essays, podcasts, events and explainers we consider the concept from many different angles. We hope that the totality of this work helps reveal the range of values, assumptions and evidence that shape stakeholders’ views and illuminates how and why they may disagree. TABLE’s report at the close of our SCALE theme noted that power was at the root of many concerns about localised or globalised food system approaches. Power is of course a too-big topic, encompassing not only its operation, mechanisms, handlers and impacts, but also what it is and how it is to be identified and redistributed. We approach the concept from multiple angles and via diverse modes of analysis to give a sense of its multifaceted nature. In a collection of 17 podcasts, TABLE asked contributors from a range of disciplines, professional backgrounds and ideological positions to tell us how they understand power and see its operations in their work. Our essays and blogs expanded on these and offer case studies and personal reflections. Our events gave contributors a chance to interact: An open discussion on power asked how participants see power fitting into conversation, while in Whose knowledge counts speakers asked how power might determine what we take as evidence. Lastly, we considered TABLE’s own experience of power in Process and Power at TABLE. Power can be a slippery concept to evaluate and discuss. To give it some materiality, we took protein as a case study, exploring how power has maintained this ‘charismatic nutrient’ at the centre of ideas about nutrition, development and farming. TABLE’s reports add a historical lens to consider how power has structured cultural understandings of protein when it comes to funding, research and international development strategies and activities in Primed for Power: a short cultural history of protein. The Investment, Power and Protein in Sub Saharan Africa report examined financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting on how those cultural narratives are still informing resource distribution.

An aquatic analysis of constructing borrow areas adjacent to the main line levees in the Lower Mississippi River was conducted as part of an Environmental Impact Statement for upgrading the levee system. A Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) regression model based on field collections was developed to predict fish species richness as a function of the morphometry and water quality of borrow areas. The HSI score was multiplied by acres of borrow areas created during construction to obtain habitat units (HUs) for each alternative indicating a substantial gain of fishery habitat in the floodplain. Environmental features identified by the model to increase fish species richness and overall habitat heterogeneity include the shape of the pit (e.g., bowl-shaped with deep water rather than long rectangular with shallower water), the availability of littoral areas for fish spawning and rearing, using best management practices such as tree screens and bank stabilization to lower turbidity, adding islands, and creating sinuous shorelines. The project results in an overall gain in aquatic habitat by creating permanent or semi-permanent water bodies on the floodplain that our research indicates may be occupied by at least 75 species of fish contributing to the overall biodiversity of the lower Mississippi River.

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, increasing domestic revenue mobilisation has become even more of a priority for low-income countries. One of the commonly untapped sources of revenue across many of these countries are high net worth individuals, who usually manage to avoid contributing their fair share of taxes. This is also the case in Sierra Leone, which signalled its intention to develop a strategy to increase compliance of this taxpayer segment in 2019. In this paper we provide an initial assessment of how fit for purpose the current legal setting is, as well as give a general picture of the most likely characteristics of high net worth individuals in the country. Our analysis is based on semi structured interviews with stakeholders from both the public and private sector, and currently available administrative data, and provides a series of suggestions for next steps in the development of a dedicated strategy.