Bibliografias temáticas / Semi-Precious metals

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Semi-Precious metals"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 29 de março de 2025

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Semi-Precious metals"

M.O., Akopdzanova. "Criminal-legal counteraction to illegal trafficking of precious, semi-precious stones, metals, pearls". Russian justice 1 (28 de janeiro de 2021): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/0131-6761-2021-1-21-22.

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The article is devoted to the research of the criminal legislation governing the peculiarities of bringing to criminal responsibility for the illegal circulation of amber, jade, other semi-precious stones, precious metals, precious stones, pearls, and law enforcement practice in this area.

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Mareci, Daniel, Catalin Bocanu, Neculai Aelenei e Gheorghe Nemtoi. "Galvanic Corrosion Between Ti/Ti6Al4V and Various Dental Alloys". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 6, n.º 3 (13 de julho de 2017): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj615.

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<p>The corrosion tendencies of metals are related with their position in the electromotive series. These electrode potential degrees may change due to the composition of the alloys, the surrounding medium or due to the alterations in the composition because of the recurrent costing. The galvanic corrosion appears when different electrochemical potentials are bound to one another and the electrical conductibility is assured by the presence of an electrolyte. It is difficult to avoid coupling of different metals, a problem concerning the choice of the alloy used for the implant bone supra-structure. One has studied the galvanism of several couples formed between a dental implant and diverse dental alloys in Afnor saliva. The electrochemical behavior of 8 commercial dental alloy superstructures with titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implants was investigated by electrochemical techniques. Non-precious alloys were Ni-Cr based (Wiron NT and Verasoft), Co-Cr based (Vitallium alloy) and Cu based (Gaudent). Semi-precious alloys were Ag-Pd based (RX91 and Unique White). The precious alloys were Au-Pd based (Ceram) and Au-Ag based (Argenco). Some of the corroded and non-corroded surfaces were observed by optical microscopy. From linear polarization curves the corrosion potential and the current densities were evaluated. The results showed very low corrosion rates, ranking from 10<sup>-6</sup> to 10<sup>-9</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>. All the results obtained indicate the fact that the corrosion process intensity corresponding to the coupling between titanium (respectively Ti6Al4V) and semi-precious alloys is reduced. The surface of precious and semi-precious alloys is not attacked, but the titanium (Ti6Al4V) surface is oxidized in time.</p>

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Chernov, A. V., e S. V. Gabeev. "Illegal Circulation of Amber, Jade or other Semi-Precious Stones, Precious Metals, Precious Stones or Pearls: Problems Determined by New Edition of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation". Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, n.º 3 (5 de abril de 2021): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.124.3.097-109.

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Changes made to Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation at the end of 2019 in order to eliminate gaps in legislation, in fact, created even more conflicts in the theory and practice of applying criminal and administrative law. The legislator has not fully calculated the risks of the new edition of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The elimination of these risks requires more changes to the federal legislation, the adoption of new by-laws. Within the framework of Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the legislator created a contradiction regarding the qualification of illegal circulation of unique amber formations. Russian legislation does not contain a legal definition of semi-precious stones, clarification of their difference from precious stones. The concept of precious stones does not prove to be successful, since it contains a list-based reference of a particular stone to the category of precious stones, which does not always really reflect the economic value of a particular mineral. The list of semi-precious stones at the level of the Government of Russia has yet to be approved. Taking into account the administrative prejudice as one of the conditions for criminal prosecution for illegal trafficking in semiprecious stones, it should be the same with the list of semi-precious stones established to bring an individual to administrative responsibility for similar offenses. The legislator did not pay attention to the issues of delimiting jewelry and household products and scrap of such products from the subject of crimes under Art. 191 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. An even greater problem is the inconsistency between the norms of administrative and criminal legislation on liability for illegal trafficking in semi-precious stones.

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Kotova, A. A. "On the issue of using administrative prejudice to differentiate criminal liability for illicit trafficking in precious metals, precious and semi-precious stones". Право и государство: теория и практика, n.º 11 (2021): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2021_11_138.

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Schmidt, Mario, Jochen Heinrich e Ingwar Huensche. "Carbon Footprint of Additively Manufactured Precious Metals Products". Resources 13, n.º 11 (20 de novembro de 2024): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources13110162.

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Traditionally, precious metals are processed by either lost-wax casting or the casting of semi-finished products followed by cold or hot working, machining, and surface finishing. Long process chains usually conclude in a high material input factor and a significant amount of new scrap to be refined. The maturing of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies is advantageous with regard to resources among other criteria by opening up new processing techniques like laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) for the production of near net shape metal products. This paper gives an insight into major advantages of the powder-based manufacturing of precious metal components over conventional methods focusing on product carbon footprints (PCF). Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA) for selected applications show energy and mass flows and inefficient recoverable losses in detail. An extended MFCA approach also shows the greenhouse gas (GHG) savings from avoiding recoverable material losses and provides PCF for the products. The PCF of the precious metals used is based on a detailed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the refining process of end-of-use precious metals. In the best case, the refining of platinum from end-of-life recycling, for example, causes 60 kg CO2e per kg of platinum. This study reveals recommended actions for improvements in efficiency and gives guidance for a more sustainable production of luxury or technical goods made from precious metals. This exemplary study on the basis of an industrial application shows that the use of AM leads to a carbon footprint of 2.23 kg CO2e per piece in comparison with 3.17 kg CO2e by conventional manufacturing, which means about a 30 percent reduction in GHG emissions and also in energy, respectively.

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Sidel'nikov, S. B., N. N. Dovzhenko, Ju D. Gajlis e O. S. Lebedeva. "Development of CAD subsystem manufacturing processes of jewelry". Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, n.º 2-2 (20 de março de 2013): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68236.

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The article contains elaborate algorithms and techniques of the design process sheet, flat-and-edge rolling and drawing of long semi-finished products for the production of jewelry made of precious metals and their alloys. This paper describes the developed software, which allows one to calculate deformation modes and energy-power parameters of the designed processes with the visualization of the data in tabular and graphical form.It also describes the process of adaptation of the developed CAD systems for production conditions jewelry chains of gold 585 at JSC "The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant".

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Akahori, Toshikazu, Mitsuo Niinomi, Masaaki Nakai, Wataru Kawagishi e Hisao Fukui. "Fretting-Fatigue Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Semi-Precious Alloy for Dental Applications". Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 72, n.º 1 (2008): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet.72.63.

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Hu, Song, Chong Zhang, Mingyu Wu, Runping Ye, Depan Shi, Mujin Li, Peng Zhao, Rongbin Zhang e Gang Feng. "Semi-Hydrogenation of Acetylene to Ethylene Catalyzed by Bimetallic CuNi/ZSM-12 Catalysts". Catalysts 12, n.º 9 (19 de setembro de 2022): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091072.

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The purpose of this work is to develop a low-cost and high-performance catalyst for the selective catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. Non-precious metals Cu and Ni were selected as active ingredients for this study. Using ZSM-12 as a carrier, Cu-Ni bimetallic catalysts of CuNix/ZSM-12 (x = 5, 7, 9, 11) with different Ni/Cu ratios were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The total Cu and Ni loading were 2 wt%. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the acetylene conversion was 100%, and the ethylene selectivity was 82.48%. The CuNi7/ZSM-12 prepared in this work exhibits good performance in the semi-hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene with low cost and has potential for industrial application.

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Rani, Dr Kavita. "The History of India's Mining Industries and Their Impact During The Lockdown". Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science 13, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2025): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.35629/9467-13020106.

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India's infrastructure development would require crucial minerals, and mining is one of the important industries to supply them. An important sector and engine of the Indian economy's growth is mining. Basic raw materials for numerous significant industries, including thermal power generation, iron and steel, cement, petrochemicals, fertilizers, precious and semi-precious metals and stones for jewelry, electrical and electronics equipment, glass, ceramics, etc., are found in minerals and ore. India's mining industry was expected to grow significantly in the 2020–2021 fiscal year due to increased demand from end-user sectors and new investments made by mining businesses. But the spread of COVID-19 at the start of the fiscal year has caused problems in a number of industries. There is a great deal of room for expanding mining capacity in iron ore, bauxite, coal, and other minerals. There are also a lot of chances for subsurface deposit discoveries in the future. Infrastructure projects continue to offer producers of steel, zinc, and aluminum profitable economic prospects. One essential element of the real estate sector is iron and steel. Strong growth expectations are expected in the residential and commercial building industries because of the continued demand for these metals. India's mining industry is anticipated to grow positively in 2021 over 2020. It's crucial for the government's mining policymakers to keep changing these laws, as they can increase the sector's GDP contribution, as many branches collaborate with stakeholders to put the economy back on a growth trajectory. This article examines the influence of lockdown on the mining industry in India, specifically focusing on the production scenario of minerals, employment, export-import scenarios of minerals and ore, and other events that occurred throughout the period.

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Volodymyr, INDUTNYI, MEREZHKO Nina e PIRKOVICH Kateryna. "COMMODITY EXPERTISE OF JEWELRY". INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 39, n.º 3 (20 de setembro de 2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(39)04.

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Background. Jewelry is one of the components of material, ritual, cultural and historical heritage of mankind.Modern jewelry has acquired significant differences from those created in the past. Changes in the field of production and trade in jewelry explain the relevance of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market and the feasibility of improving commodity expertise. The aim of the workis to analyze the cost indicators on the jewelry market in Ukraine, to conduct their commodity expertiseand to develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry in accordance with their quality characteristics. Materials and methods. A database of initial data on jewelry present on the market was created in the following range: weddingrings, rings, pendants and earrings. All named products weigh up to 10 grams and are made of 925 silver and 585 gold. Most of them are decorated with precious and semi-precious stones or inserts that imitate them. To develop an algorithm for cost forecastingof jewelry, a mathematical model was built and the quality of the approximation was calculated according to K. Pearson. Results. The results of the analysis of cost indicators in the modern jewelry market are described, and also recommendations for performance of tasks of their commodity expertise are given. Three commodity groups of jewelry have been identified and an algorithm for predicting their value has been developed.A protocol for assessing the quality of jewelry and standards for visual comparison operations are presented. An approach to determining the estimated value of exclusive jewelry is proposed. Conclusion. The general regulations of work of commodity expertise of jewelry are established. Creating a mathematical model for cost forecastingof jewelry requires the compilation of a database of initial data of representative samples presented on the market. For each cost interval it is necessary to build a regression mathematical model that will ensure maximum consideration of pricing factors and the authenticity and reproducibility of the results of commodity research. Commodity expertiseof the cheapest jewelry can be carried out only on the basis of the value of the used precious metals. Medium-value jewelry requires market analysis and mathematical forecasting. Jewelry with precious stones of natural origin also requires analysis of databases on precious stones. More expensive jewelry (more than UAH 300,000 per sample) can be valued only at the value of the gemstone. Keywords: commodity expertise, jewelry, cost forecasting, protocol, evaluation criterion.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Semi-Precious metals"

Rodriguez, Julymar. "Étude des mécanismes d’électropolissage dédiée aux alliages d’or 18 carats en milieux aqueux et solvants eutectiques profonds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD074.

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Le polissage électrochimique aussi appelé électropolissage (EP) est un procédé électrolytique de parachèvement des objets métalliques qui vise à améliorer leurs propriétés esthétiques et fonctionnelles. Sa spécificité réside dans la dissolution anodique contrôlée d’une fine couche de surface, dirigée préférentiellement sur les micro-aspérités, qui permet d’aboutir en une seule étape non seulement au nivellement de la pièce traitée mais aussi à son brillantage. C’est donc un procédé que l’on peut qualifier de super-finition permettant, en quelques minutes, d’atteindre une rugosité sub-micrométrique associée à la brillance de la pièce. Contrairement aux techniques de finition mécaniques traditionnelles (usinage, rodage, polissage…) c’est un procédé sans contact et donc sans perturbation métallurgique de la couche superficielle obtenue après enlèvement de matière. Il ne nécessite pas d’outils et s’adapte facilement aux pièces de géométrie complexes et aux structures fines en treillis.Connu depuis près d’un siècle, son application au traitement des métaux précieux est en revanche assez marginale et la bibliographie dédiée à l’électropolissage de l’or et de ses alliages est extrêmement pauvre. Ceci s’explique par le fait que les mécanismes mis en jeux ne sont pas complètement investigués et qu’en l’absence de modélisation prédictive, il est nécessaire de déterminer expérimentalement, pour chaque alliage, une formulation d’électrolyte adaptée et des paramètres électriques de traitement (en tension ou courant). Les électrolytes de polissage sont en général constitués de composés dangereux ou toxiques (fluorure, perchlorate, cyanure, cyanate, thiourée …). Ainsi la dangerosité des bains et la complexité apparente de la technique sont un frein au développement d’opérations industrielles dans les secteurs de l’horlogerie, de la joaillerie ou du luxe en général, pourtant désireux d’automatiser les procédés de finitions, en particulier pour les designs complexes. Le projet de recherche aura donc pour objectif d’étudier et de proposer un procédé soutenable d’électropolissage pour l’or et ses alliages (jaune, rose, gris, …) en rupture avec les travaux précédents du laboratoire sur l’électropolissage de métaux à haute résistance mécanique réalisé par dissolution dans des mélanges acides. Une attention particulière sera portée à la compréhension des mécanismes au regard des caractéristiques métallurgiques, topographiques et géométriques des substrats, avec une étude de la densité spectrale de puissance des motifs de rugosité. L’un des verrous scientifiques majeur à lever sera la recherche de solutions de polissage ayant un impact environnemental le plus réduit possible (exemptes de composés dangereux ou pathogènes tels que fluorure, cyanure, thiourée, …) en utilisant une large gamme de complexants combinés à l’emploi d’ondes de polarisation pulsées, de fréquence et amplitude variables. Cette analyse de la réponse du système constituera un enjeu majeur dans le potentiel d’exploitation futur des procédés développés
Electrochemical polishing, commonly referred to as electropolishing (EP), is an electrolytic process used to enhance the aesthetic and functional properties of metallic surfaces. This process involves the controlled anodic dissolution of a thin surface layer, with a focus on removing micro-asperities, resulting in simultaneous surface leveling and brightening. Within just a few minutes, electropolishing achieves sub-micrometric roughness and a bright, smooth finish. Unlike traditional mechanical finishing methods such as machining, lapping, or polishing, EP is a non-contact process that preserves the metallurgical integrity of the surface. Additionally, it can be easily applied to parts with intricate geometries or delicate lattice structures, making it highly adaptable for complex applications.Known for almost a century, its application to the treatment of precious metals is however rather marginal, with very limited research dedicated to the electropolishing of gold and its alloys. This gap in literature stems from the incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the lack of predictive models. As a result, optimizing the electrolyte composition and electrical parameters (such as voltage or current) for each specific alloy requires extensive experimental work. Furthermore, the electrolytes commonly used in electropolishing often contain toxic or hazardous chemicals—such as fluoride, perchlorate, cyanide, cyanate, and thiourea—posing significant safety and environmental concerns. These factors, combined with the perceived complexity of the technique, have hindered its widespread industrial adoption, particularly in sectors like watchmaking, jewelry, and luxury goods, where gold and its alloys are prevalent.The objective of the research project will therefore be to study and propose a sustainable electropolishing process for gold and its alloys (yellow, pink, gray, etc.). Particular attention will be paid to understanding the underlying mechanisms of electropolishing in relation to the metallurgical, topographic, and geometric characteristics of the substrates. This will involve studying the power spectral density (PSD) of the surface roughness patterns to gain deeper insights. One of the major scientific obstacles will be the development of environmentally friendly polishing electrolytes. The goal is to eliminate hazardous compounds commonly found in traditional electrolytes, such as fluoride, cyanide, and thiourea, and replace them with more sustainable complexing agents. In tandem, the project will explore the use of pulsed polarization waves with variable frequency and amplitude to optimize the polishing process. This analysis of the system response will be a major issue in the future potential exploitation of the developed processes

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CHOU, CHIEH-WEI, e 周桔味. "The creation of Jewelry brooch - using metal wire and semi-precious stones". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r3xdyy.

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碩士
東方設計大學
文化創意設計研究所
107
Jewelry accessories are known to be exceptionally expensive and noble, hence the appearance of hand-made accessories has redefined the classic accessories. Traditional jewelry craftsmanship mostly involves complicated steps with high production threshold; however, the products mentioned herein can be completed with only metal wires and semi-precious stones, which are easy to acquire and less expensive; as a result, a beautiful brooch jewelry can be created with cheaper materials, and therefore be widely accepted by most people. Standardized jewelries give people a rather cold mechanical look, but the warmth of a hand-made accessory will be very different from the mechanical production, so women nowadays who enjoy customized and unique accessories will prefer the hand-made jewelry while the overall price is not as high and can still maintain the quality design. As a matter of fact, one can participate in the project from the very beginning to the completion, the finished products are unique and non-replicable. Therefore, different people can express their own artistic tastes. In fact, the creation work of the hand-made art brooch has not yet wildly acknowledged by the public. In the past, jewelries are not as familiar to our daily life, but now through the production of metal wire and semi-precious stones, we can enjoy eye catching accessories with wide varieties from different weaving and twisting techniques. The main content of this paper includes the basic weaving and gem setting techniques while analyzing the application of art theory into the modern hand-made jewelry craftsmanship and allowing the brooch jewelry to lighten up our life. After all, Everyone can be their own brooch jewelry designer.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Semi-Precious metals"

Auditor-General, India Comptroller and. Performance audit on natural or cultured pearls, precious, or semi-precious stones, precious metals, metals clad with precious metal and articles thereof, imitation jewellery, coin (chapter 71 of customs tariff heading): Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India for the year ended March 2009. New Delhi: Comptroller and Auditor General of India, 2010.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Buckles Excluding Buckles Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Buckles Excluding Buckles Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Metal Zippers and Slide Fasteners Excluding Zippers and Slide Fasteners Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Metal Zippers and Slide Fasteners Excluding Zippers and Slide Fasteners Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Zippers and Slide Fasteners Excluding Zippers and Slide Fasteners Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Buttons and Button Parts Excluding Buttons and Button Parts Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Zippers and Slide Fasteners Excluding Zippers and Slide Fasteners Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Plastic Zippers and Slide Fasteners Excluding Zippers and Slide Fasteners Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Metal Buttons and Button Backs, Blanks, Molds, and Other Parts Excluding Buttons and Button Parts Made of Precious Metals and Precious and Semi-Precious Stones. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Semi-Precious metals"

Khorasani, Manouchehr Moshtagh. "Jewels of Crafts – Forging Blades, Fletching Arrows, Making Naphtha, and Manufacturing Black Powder – a Persian Manuscript on Warfare". In Tools of war, 177–201. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8331-461-7.11.

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The present article deals with an undated Persian manuscript titled Javāher al-Sanāye’ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻳﻊ (Jewels of Crafts). Many Persian manuscripts provide invaluable information on weapon-making, forging swords, archery techniques, attacking fortifications, casting cannons and making firearms, and military strategies. Most accounts on making crucible steel are part of books on jewels and stones. In my last book Jewels and Patterned Crucible Steel: Books of Jewels, Stones, and Metals, I provided a translation and annotation of the book Goharnāmeh [Book of Jewels] written by Mohammad ben Mansur for the ruler Uzun Hasan Āq Qoyonlu in the 15th century CE (9th century Hijra). The Goharnāmeh by Ben Mansur describes precious and semi-precious stones, animal products, and metals. An essential part of the book deals with blades and making crucible steel. However, the manuscript Javāher al-Sanāye’ (Jewels of Crafts), which is the topic of this article, is about the transformation of stones and metals. The book describes how the craftsmen made crucible steel and expands on how ironworkers used crucibles for conducting other alchemical processes to change and transform the colour of stones, among other processes. Javāher al-Sanāye’ (Jewels of Crafts) is a gem for war-related topics as it provides invaluable information on how to make crucible steel blades, how to identify and classify swords, how to make the adhesive glue for attaching the blade tang to the handle of the sword, how to make glue for fletching arrows, how to make naphtha (burning material) for attacking fortifications, and how to make the black powder.

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Papadopoulos, John K., e Rovena Kurti. "Objects of Terracotta, Metal (Gold/Electrum, Bronze, Iron, and Bimetallic), Semi-Precious Stone, Faience, Glass, and Worked Bone". In The Excavation of the Prehistoric Burial Tumulus at Lofkend, Albania, 325–88. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdjrqtj.17.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Semi-Precious metals"

Marian, Ana. "Th e Interdependence of Modeling Techniques and Plastic Procedures in the Making of Moldovan Sculptural Nudes". In Conferința științifică internațională Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare. Ediția XIV. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/pc22.04.

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Th ere are many various materials suitable for the creation of sculptural nudes, but they are almost identical to those which used to create a sculptural portrait. Among them there are clay, stone (from limestone and granite to marble and some semi-precious stones), metals (bronze, aluminum, silver, gold), wood (of various types), wax (as a preliminary material), plasticine (which is also used for sketches) and gypsum (intended for casting works). J.J. Winckelmann wrote: “Visual arts begin with modeling in clay; then there was modeling in wood, then it was in ivory, and fi nally stone and metal were processed.” Th e interdependence of modeling and plastic techniques in creating nudity makes it more expressive. Th us, the choice of material for creating “nude” is not accidental. Th e modeling technique or, in other words, the quality of the rendering of the external surface, helps to reveal the artistic message of the work.

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Baviskar, Ajay, Pankaj Khera, Ashish Telgote, Himanshu Dhuria e Amit Sharma. "An Experimental Approach Towards Sustainable Solution for Material Recycling of ELV Plastic Bumpers and EV Batteries". In Symposium on International Automotive Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0164.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A general automotive car is majorly composed of high strength steel (6%), other steel (50%), Iron (15%), Plastics (7%), Aluminum (4%) and others (Rubber, Glass, Textile) about 18%. End-of-life vehicles (ELVs) are a significant source of waste and pollution in the automotive industry.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recycling ELVs, particularly their plastic components, Li-ion batteries, catalytic converters, and critical technology components such as alternators, semi-conductor chips, and high tensile strength steel can reduce their environmental impact and conserve valuable raw materials. The paper conducts a SWOT analysis and a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the long-term viability and potential of ELV recycling, environmental impact, and carbon footprint.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper examines the current state and challenges of ELV recycling in India and proposes a sustainable recycling solution for waste bumpers that includes paint removal, modification, reprocessing & recovery of precious metals from xEV Li-ion batteries.<ol class="list nostyle"><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">i</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Plastic recycling – Mainly PP from bumpers and other components.</div></li><li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">ii</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Precious metals recovery – Lithium, Cobalt, Nickel, Mn etc.</div></li></ol></div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Based on pilot line experiment sustainable recycling solution was established and validated through lab testing to compare the changes in physical properties.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper also discusses the progress and challenges of achieving Carbon neutrality and circular economy objectives in the automotive industry and provides insights on sustainable material developments like e.g., long cellulose fiber reinforced thermoplastic for bumpers, reusability of raw materials in automobile parts manufacturing without compromising on quality requirements & provides data for rational decision-making and policy-making for ELV recycling in India.</div></div>

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Tobin, Genevieve Mary. "The silver lining: preliminary research into gold-coloured varnishes for loss compensation in two 19th C silver gilded frames". In RECH6 - 6th International Meeting on Retouching of Cultural Heritage. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/rech6.2021.13498.

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Golden varnishes appear on frames, furniture, wall hangings, leatherwork, panel paintings, mural paintings, and polychromy, and were applied to white metal gilding to imitate gold and other semi-precious materials. Despite the number of examples in cultural heritage there are few publications that discuss the ethical considerations of treating coloured silver gilded surfaces. The chromatic reintegration of gold-coloured varnishes on white metal gilding present specific material and technical challenges. In 2021 the Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW) treated two identical late 19th century silver gilded frames for portraits by Joseph Backler from the Australian collection. In addition, a third portrait required the fabrication of a reproduction frame identical to the others. Conservation of the frames presented an opportunity for carrying out experiments into coloured coatings for loss compensation on silver gilding exploring applications for select conservation paints, dyes, and synthetic resins as substitutes for shellac. The results of experiments demonstrate that with the right application Liquitex Soluvar Gloss Varnish, Laropal A81 and Paraloid B72, present gloss levels and visual film forming properties comparable to shellac coatings when applied to burnished gilding. Additional tests with various dye colours illustrate that Orasol ® dye mixtures in colours Yellow 2GLN, Yellow 2RL, and Brown 2GL are reliable colour imitations for traditional gold-coloured varnishes. Although this research is preliminary, it may inform the selection and application of appropriate retouching materials for compensating losses to burnished silver leaf and golden varnishes in gilding conservation.

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Давыдова, Л. И., e В. А. Клур. "Scientific and Restoration Work on Preservation of the Antique Sculptures of the Hermitage in 2018—2023". In Сохранение культурного наследия. Изобразительные искусства. Исследования и реставрация. Материалы V Международной научно-практической конференции, 26–31. Crossref, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62625/2936.2024.49.30.004.

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Уже многие годы Отдел античного мира Эрмитажа занимается планомерной работой по реставрации скульптур, входящих в состав постоянных экспозиций. Работа эта осуществляется лабораторией научной реставрации скульптуры из мрамора и цветного камня (заведующая С. Л. Петрова) совместно с хранителями отдела. За последние пять лет в помещении лаборатории и непосредственно в залах греческого искусства V–IV вв. до н.э. реставратором высшей категории В. А. Клур были отреставрированы три монументальные скульптуры и несколько бюстов, такие как «Голова грека», «Бюст Геракла», «Голова героя» (хранитель Л. И. Давыдова). В целом работы были направлены на расчистку статуй от поверхностных загрязнений. Продолжалось и постоянное наблюдение за состоянием металлических креплений, в необходимых случаях выполнялось их удаление, а также расчистка, склейка и мастиковка швов в местах соединения скульптурных фрагментов. For many years now, Department of Classical Antiquity of the State Hermitage Museum has been systematically working on the restoration of sculptures that are part of the permanent exhibition. This work is carried out by the Laboratory of the Scientific Restoration of Sculpture of Marble and Semi-Precious Stones (headed by S. Petrova) together with the curators of the department. Over the past five years, V. Klur, restorer of the highest category, has worked on three monumental sculptures and several busts, such as “Head of a Greek”, “Bust of Hercules”, “Head of a Hero” (curator — L. Davydova), both in the premises of the laboratory and directly in the halls of Greek art of the 5th–4th centuries BC. In general, conservation treatment was focused on cleaning the statues from surface contaminations. The state of metal fixing details inside marble has been under constant surveillance, if necessary, they were removed. The work also included cleaning, gluing and subsequently filling connecting joints of sculptural fragments with mastic compound.

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