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1
MELLON, J. E., e P. J. COTTY. "No Effect of Soybean Lipoxygenase on Aflatoxin Production in Aspergillus flavus–Inoculated Seeds". Journal of Food Protection 65, n.º 12 (1 de dezembro de 2002): 1984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.12.1984.
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Soybean lines lacking lipoxygenase (LOX) activity were compared with soybean lines having LOX activity for the ability to support growth and aflatoxin B1 production by the fungal seed pathogen Aspergillus flavus. Whole seeds, broken seeds, and heat-treated (autoclaved) whole seeds were compared. Broken seeds, irrespective of LOX presence, supported excellent fungal growth and the highest aflatoxin levels. Autoclaved whole seeds, with or without LOX, produced good fungal growth and aflatoxin levels approaching those of broken seeds. Whole soybean seeds supported sparse fungal growth and relatively low aflatoxin levels. There was no significant difference in aflatoxin production between whole soybean seeds either with or without LOX, although there did seem to be differences among the cultivars tested. The heat treatment eliminated LOX activity (in LOX+ lines), yet aflatoxin levels did not change substantially from the broken seed treatment. Broken soybean seeds possessed LOX activity (in LOX+ lines) and yet yielded the highest aflatoxin levels. The presence of active LOX did not seem to play the determinant role in the susceptibility of soybean seeds to fungal pathogens. Seed coat integrity and seed viability seem to be more important characteristics in soybean seed resistance to aflatoxin contamination. Soybean seeds lacking LOX seem safe from the threat of increased seed pathogen susceptibility.
2
Welbaum, Gregory E. "Cucurbit Seed Development and Production". HortTechnology 9, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1999): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.9.3.341.
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Seed production in the family Cucurbitaceae is more complicated than in dry-seeded grain crops because seeds mature within a moist fruit and are often held at high moisture content for several weeks before seed harvest. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), a member of this family, was used as a model system to contrast seed development with crops that are dry at maturity. A detailed time course for `Top Mark' fruit and seed development is presented based on previous studies. In muskmelon fruit, precocious germination is inhibited osmotically by the low water potential of the surrounding fruit tissue. Muskmelon seeds exhibit primary dormancy that affects viability very early in development but has a greater effect on seed vigor and is removed by afterripening during dry storage. Osmotically distended or fish-mouth seeds are dead seeds that occur in cucurbit seed lots after aging kills the embryo without disrupting the semipermeable endosperm that completely surrounds and protects the embryo. Cucurbit seed crops should be harvested before the onset of fruit senescence to prevent aging of the seeds inside. Open-pollinated cucurbit seed crops are frequently once-over mechanically harvested. Mechanical harvesting combines seeds from many stages of development into a single seed lot, which may adversely affect quality and increase seed to seed variability. Hand harvesting cucurbit fruit at the optimal stage of development could improve seed quality in some instances but is more costly and time consuming and would increase production costs.
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Coons, Janice. "INFLUENCE OF PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT ON SEED VIGOR". HortScience 29, n.º 12 (dezembro de 1994): 1408b—1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1408b.
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The environment that seeds experience during development, storage, and planting significantly affects seed vigor. Yet, relatively few studies have focused on how environment during seed development affects seed vigor. Our objective was to compare vigor of seeds developed in summer vs. winter. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds from six cultivars were developed in summer and winter at Yuma, Ariz. Seed vigor of these seedlots was compared using field plantings and growth chambers (at 20, 25, 30, and 35C). Seed vigor was greater for seed produced during summer than for that produced during winter, based on greater field emergence, higher germination percentages, and longer roots. These seedlot differences in vigor were greatest at 35C. Another way to estimate seed vigor is by ion leakage from seeds. Fewer ions leaked from seeds produced in summer than from those produced in winter. Thus, lettuce seed is more vigorous when produced in summer than in winter, and ion leakage is a good indicator of that vigor.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "STATE OF SEED PRODUCTION AND AGRO-ENERGY EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF RED FESCUE SEED PRODUCTION". Adaptive Fodder Production 2020, n.º 3 (30 de outubro de 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2020-3-25-39.
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Red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) it is one of the most popular crops for creating lawns of various types and as a component of meadow and pasture poly-species mixtures of long-term use. The volume of domestic production of seeds of this crop is less than 2% of the total sales of seed material on the Russian market. The wide expansion of imported seeds of foreign-selected varieties to the domestic market sharply raises the question of the need to develop seed production of this crop in Russia. To do this, it is necessary to intensify breeding for the development of new varieties of red fescue, the development of zonal technologies for cultivating them for seeds. Analysis and generalization of research results shows that when using a set of optimal agricultural techniques, it is possible to consistently receive seed collections of more than 0.4 t/ha. This level of seed yield ensures high profitability of production and recoupment of energy costs. Assessment of the energy efficiency of technologies for cultivation of red fescue pasture-lawn ecotype shows that the total energy consumption per 1 ha of seed was 17.7 GJ, per 1 kg of seeds – 68.2 MJ. Due to the increase in yield by 44.4% and the use of energy-saving techniques, energy savings per 100 kg of seeds amounted to 25.6%. The energy assessment showed that as a result of harvesting seed crops by direct threshing in the optimal time frame, total energy costs decreased by 19%, and energy consumption for fuel – by 29%.
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OSTAPENKO, NADEZHDA, NATALIA CHINCHENKO e RUSLAN DZHAMIRZE. "SEEDS HETEROGENEITY AND PRIMARY SEED PRODUCTION". RICE GROWING 56, n.º 3 (2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2022-56-3-48-55.
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Nascimento, Warley M. "238 Seed Size Effects on Brassica Transplant Production". HortScience 35, n.º 3 (junho de 2000): 432B—432. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.432b.
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The growing of transplants in plug cell trays is the primary method of producing brassica transplants in many countries. Seed quality is an important aspect to achieve success in transplant production. Seed size may affect seed performance, seedling growth and development of brassica transplants. Seeds of cauliflower (`Vitoria de vero') and cabbage (`Unio') from Embrapa Vegetables were used in this study. During seed conditioning, seeds were classified using round screens generating three (>1.5, 1.5-2.0, and 2.0-2.5 mm) and four (>1.5, 1.5-2.0, 2.0-2.5, and < 2.5 mm) seed size categories, for cauliflower and cabbage, respectively. The original seed lot was used as control. Seed weight increased with seed size. Seed germination (laboratory) and seedling emergence (greenhouse) were not affected by seed size. In both species, root and shoot weight, and leaf area, measured 30 days after seeding, in greenhouse conditions, increased with seed size. Also, transplants from larger seed size resulted in a significantly higher root weight, shoot weight, and leaf area relative to the original (control) seeds. The results indicate that, overall, an adequate seed conditioning improve brassica transplant quality.
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Kovalenko, Yulia N. "PROBLEMS OF INTERSUBJECT INTERACTIONS IN SEED PRODUCTION". EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 9/1, n.º 139 (2023): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.09.01.012.
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The main problems in the development of seed production and inter-subject interactions in seed production are: the high level of import dependence of Russian agriculture on seeds of a number of crops; fragmentation of the system of domestic seed production; a relatively low level of selection work for some types of agricultural crops and the competitiveness of seeds of domestic selection; low rates of renewal of the technical and technological base of breeding centers and seed farms; shortage of highly qualified personnel in the field of breeding and genetics of agricultural crops and seed production; insufficient level of state support for seed producers and incentives for agricultural producers to use elite seeds and hybrids of domestic selection. The article also proposes a set of measures to modernize the existing seed production system and ensure the stability of its inter-subject relations, which will provide the necessary conditions for increasing the level of efficiency of the seed production system and solving the problems identified in the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation.
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Naz, Raja Mohib Muazzam, Muhammad Hanif, Waqas Ahmed Dogar, Muhammad Umar, Qandeela Nigar, Uzma Arif, Saima Noor et al. "AEROPONIC SEED POTATO PRODUCTION: A PROMISING AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY FOR SEED POTATO PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN". Pakistan Journal of Biotechnology 21, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2024): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34016/pjbt.2024.21.01.838.
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Potato is an important food and cash crop globally and faces many challenges in Pakistan. These challenges include issues with soil fertility, pest and disease pressure and shortages of high-quality seed potatoes. The scarcity of high-quality seeds is a massive hassle in Pakistan. Farmers in Pakistan, often reuse their seeds or obtain them from informal sources. This practice leads to increased seed quality deterioration and tuber-borne diseases, resulting in decreased yields. To address this situation, aeroponic techniques can effectively meet this challenge. Aeroponics is a novel technique for producing high-quality seed potato, aiming to address the challenge of seed production. Aeroponic techniques are commercially practised in many countries. Thus, in this review, we have highlighted the importance of aeroponic technology and how this technique can help uplift/boost up the seed potato production system in Pakistan. The overview concludes that aeroponic seed production offers numerous benefits, including improved yields, and resistance, even as keeping natural resources. Despite the challenges, the evaluation indicates that the implementation of aeroponic seed production technology in Pakistan may offers a promising and sustainable technique for seed potato production in Pakistan.
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Mutlak, Najah Naiem. "Seed Production System in Romania". International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 2, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2013010101.
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This paper aims at presenting the structure of varieties and the evolution of consumption of seeds for main cereal crops. Analyzing the number of varieties and hybrids, it may be noticed that there is a growing trend. In Romania, the quantities of seeds used were variable, depending, on the one hand of the importance and expansion of the crop, and, on the other hand, on the records existing in the seed chain. For Romania, looking at the overall practices applied in relation to seed utilization a growing trend was noticed with respect to using seeds for wheat crops, but also a drop of barley and maize crops, besides the annual fluctuating consumption levels. By correlating the factors (areas and amounts of seeds) with production that may be obtained a growing trend for wheat and barley was noticed and a decreasing trend for maize.
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Owens, John N., e Danilo D. Fernando. "Pollination and seed production in western white pine". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2007): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-220.
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The reproductive biology of western white pine ( Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) at the Saanich seed orchard (SSO; a coastal seedling seed orchard) and the Kalamalka seed orchard (KSO; an interior clonal seed orchard) is described. Seed-cone development and morphology determine seed potential and affect filled seed production. Seed potential was high, commonly over 200 seeds per cone and filled seeds per cone averaged 50–60 at both orchards in 1999 from open pollinations combined with operational supplemental mass pollinations (OP-SMP). Filled seeds per cone at SSO in 2004 averaged 115 with open pollinations and OP-SMP. About 30% of ovules aborted before pollination. Another 25% aborted probably because of self-incompatibility at fertilization. Seed efficiency (SEF) was only 5% at KSO with open pollination but increased to 30% with OP-SMP. SEF was the same at SSO with or without OP-SMP. Reproductive success was very low at KSO without OP-SMP but increased to about 10%, similar to that of SSO, with OP-SMP. The optimal time for control pollinations was at cone stages 4 and 5 and optimal amount of pollen per pollination bag was 0.3–0.4 mL. Western white pine is a very good seed producer and can be easily managed in seed orchards to give very high seed production per cone and per tree.
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Castellani, Tânia Tarabini, e Fernanda Faraco d'Eça-Neves. "Population ecology of Paepalanthus polyanthus: predispersal hazards and seed production". Acta Botanica Brasilica 14, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2000): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062000000300008.
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This study aimed at evaluating seed production and predispersal hazards in a sand dune population of P. polyanthus (Eriocaulaceae) in Southern Brazil. Bad development of flowering capitula was caused by the wind and by interference among umbels. A positive correlation between the proportion of atrophied capitula and the number of capitula/umbels also suggested resource limitation. A caterpillar of a Recurvaria Haworth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) species that eats flowers and a boring caterpillar (Lepidoptera not identified) were the main herbivores. Plants reproducing during the flowering peak had a lower probability of being damaged by Recurvaria sp., suggesting an escape from herbivores by flowering synchronism. The proportion of capitula damaged by herbivores was low, causing a reduction of about 5% in the seed set/plant. The boring caterpillar may or may not cause umbel abortion. When the abortion occurs, seed production is reduced by 12%. Many capitula with no damage and individual flowers (up to 50%) did not produce seeds. Pollination failure could be related to this low rate of seed set. We discuss the fact that the low recruitment of seedlings reported for populations of P. polyanthus did not seem to be limited by seed rain, which was estimated at an average of 8000 seeds/plant even when herbivore damage occurred.
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Young, James A., Raymond A. Evans e Debra E. Palmquist. "Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) Seed Production". Weed Science 37, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1989): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500055831.
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Establishment of seedlings of big sagebrush subsequent to range weed control treatments limits the economic feasibility of such treatments for increased forage production. This study investigated the dynamics of seed production by this species as one step in understanding seedling establishment. Studies were conducted on five different ecological sites along the arid extremity of big sagebrush distribution in western Nevada. Demography, physical dimensional parameters, biomass, and community structure were determined for each site and related to seed production over a 4-yr period. In addition, seeds harvested from each site were used to grow plants that were transplanted to establish reciprocal gardens at all sites. Seeds were subsequently harvested from the plants in these gardens. The average stand studied was capable of producing about 50 million seeds/ha annually. The plant characteristics most closely correlated with seed production were leaf weight, canopy density, and root crown diameter. The stand that consistently had the highest average seed production had the lowest woody biomass accumulation rate. In reciprocal gardens, plants grown from this stand had the highest average seed production. Seed production of big sagebrush plants appears to be related to site characteristics, shrub biomass characteristics, and inherent genetic potential of the plants in a given collection.
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Najam, A., L. Abdullah, Panca dewi manu hara Karti e S. Hoeman. "Potensi Produksi dan Mutu Benih serta Produksi Biomassa Sorghum bicolor Varietas Samurai 2 pada Umur Panen Berbeda sebagai Bahan Pakan". Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan 19, n.º 3 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.19.3.78-84.
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Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2 can be used as raw material in silage production for ruminant feed. The problem encountered is the difficulty of obtaining certified seeds for commercial sorghum production. So that is necessary to do this research to investigate potential sorghum seed production and its quality of Sorghum bicolor var. Samurai 2. The study was conducted at University Research Station-Jonggol Animal Education and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Five individual plants were taken to measure the variables at each treatment set. The treatments consisted of different harvesting times, namely P95 (harvested 95 days after planting), P100, P105 and P110. The variables observed were dry weight of shelled seeds, seed weight per panicle, weight of panicle stalk, panicle weight, seed production per ha, seed moisture content, seed viability test, and shoot biomass production per ha. The results showed that seed production per ha, panicle dry matter weight, fresh seed moisture content, panicle stalk dry weight was not significantly different. Dry weight of shelled seeds, dry weight of seeds per panicle, panicle dry weight, seed viability, weight of biomass per ha were significantly different (p<0.05). The potential for the production of shelled seeds, dry matter of seeds per panicle was the best in the P105 and P110, the viability of the seeds in the P105 and shoot biomass production per ha in the P105. The potential for shelled seed production (4038 kg ha-1), seed dry weight per panicle (54.87 g panicle-1), seed viability (92.8%) and the best biomass production (55.88 tons ha-1) were in treatment P105.
Key words: seed production, shoot biomass, Sorghum bicolor, viability
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Sirota, S. M., V. A. Podorogin, L. V. Krivenkov, T. E. Shevchenko e I. T. Balashova. "DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY OF CARROT SEED PRODUCTION". Vegetable crops of Russia, n.º 6 (10 de dezembro de 2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2018-6-13-17.
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Stavropol region is well known zone of vegetable seed production from 70th years of last century. Development seed production of main vegetable crops is connected with using of new technologies. New technological methods and its influence on the seed yield formation and on the quality of carrot seeds have been investigated in this study. The objects of the study were seeds of carrot variety Marlinka and different technological methods, including in schemes of sowing. Methods and conditions of experiments have been written in details with scheme of experiment by the study influence of sowing schemes on the seed productivity of carrot plants variety Marlinka. Years of study (2015-2017) have been characterized as drought. Seedling capacity of seeds was very small (about of 30%). Sowing with seed drill Matermacc (by the scheme of sowing: 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm) ensured the seedling capacity needed for survive of plants after winter. Yield of seeds was in 4-6 time higher in variant with using seed drill Matermacc and scheme of sowing 25+20x20x20x20x20+25 sm, than in variants with traditional technologies. Mass of 1000 seeds was similar under different technologies and schemes of sowing. But seedling capacity was significantly decreased under traditional technologies and using seed drill SZ-5,4.
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Patil, Laxmi, V. K. Deshpande, Umesh Chimmalagi e D. Jeevitha. "Overview of Seed Production in Floriculture Crops". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 10 (9 de setembro de 2023): 2791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102944.
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Floriculture, one of the potential components of horticulture industry, deals with cultivation, processing and marketing of ornamental plants and maintenance of garden and it includes annuals, biennials and perennial ornamentals. Worldwide demand for flowering annuals is high to beautify our landscape. The majority of annuals can only be propagated by seeds. The flowering annual seed business has developed into a significant industry as a result of the demand for these plants in the global floricultural trade. The majority of the flower seeds are imported into India. Eventually, flower seeds are very expensive and difficult to obtain for farmers. Every species of flower raised for seed has its own planting period, culture, difficulties and harvesting processes. A mild environment with little rain during growth and harvest seasons is a vital requirement for good seed production. Hybrid seeds of these plants have high vigour and superior quality. Hybrid seed production for the export market is very crucial. The production of seeds in flower crops is covered in this review.
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Hemavathy, A. Thanga. "Seed production technologies in small milltes". Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology 4, n.º 2 (2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/jafst.2321.1628.4216.4.
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Hacıseferogulları, Haydar, e Mustafa Acaroglu. "Energy Balance on Pumpkin Seed Production". Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications 01, n.º 02 (30 de junho de 2012): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14511/jasa.2012.010203.
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Kostić, Miladin, Vojin Đukić, Aleksandar Ilić, Danka Dujović, Velimir Lončarević, Milivoj Radin e Miloš Rogić. "Specifics of soybean seed production and processing in 2019". Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 24, n.º 2 (2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea24-28860.
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The soybean harvest in 2019 began at the end of August. The quality of the natural seed was very high. The moisture content of the harvested seeds ranged from 7.1 % to 14.1 %. Thanks to this humidity, there was no need to dry the seeds, which is very important given the fact that drying soybeans can reduce the quality. Seed germination ranged between 82 % and 96 %. It should be noted that 97 % of seeds were harvested with germination greater than 85 % while about 65 % of seeds had germination above 90 %. The weight of 1000 grains averaged about 160 g. Soybean seed processing started on time and without major problems. The purity of the processed seed was on average 99.4 %. Of the total amount of processed seeds, about 72 % of seeds had germination greater than 85 %. The achieved seed quality was better compared to the one in 2018.
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Andrews, TS, RDB Whalley e CE Jones. "Seed production and seedling emergence of Giant Parramatta grass on the north coast of New South Wales". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, n.º 3 (1996): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960299.
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Inputs and losses from Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] soil seed banks were quantified on the North Coast of New South Wales. Monthly potential seed production and actual seed fall was estimated at Valla during 1991-92. Total potential production was >668 000 seeds/m2 for the season, while seed fall was >146000 seeds/m2. Seed fall >10000 seeds/m2.month was recorded from January until May, with further seed falls recorded in June and July. The impact of seed production on seed banks was assessed by estimating seed banks in the seed production quadrats before and after seed fall. Seed banks in 4 of the 6 sites decreased in year 2, although seed numbers at 1 damp site increased markedly. Defoliation from mid-December until February, April or June prevented seed production, reducing seed banks by 34% over 7 months. Seed banks in undefoliated plots increased by 3300 seeds/m2, although seed fall was estimated at >114 000 seeds/m2. Emergence of GPG seedlings from artificially established and naturally occurring, persistent seed banks was recorded for 3 years from bare and vegetated treatment plots. Sown seeds showed high levels of innate dormancy and only 4% of seeds emerged when sown immediately after collection. Longer storage of seeds after collection resulted in more seedlings emerging. Estimates of persistent seed banks ranged from 1650 to about 21260 seeds/m2. Most seedlings emerged in spring or autumn and this was correlated with rainfall but not with ambient temperatures. Rates of seed bank decline in both bare and vegetated treatment plots was estimated by fitting exponential decay curves to seed bank estimates. Assuming no further seed inputs, it was estimated that it would take about 3 and 5 years, respectively, for seed banks to decline to 150 seeds/m2 in bare and vegetated treatments.
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Tevlin, Sarah, Maria Teresa Davidson, Jena Osmani e Héctor E. Pérez. "Do Not Keep It in the Dark: How Shading and Other On-farm Management Decisions Influence Seed Production and Quality of Asclepias tuberosa L." HortScience 58, n.º 6 (junho de 2023): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci17091-23.
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Demand for butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) has increased in recent years. However, seed production practices are not well-defined. We partnered with a wildflower seed producer to investigate the effects of weed barrier cloth, plot shading, mature follicle harvest timing, and dry–cold stratification on seed production and germination. Weed cloth had no impact on seed production. However, shading decreased the number of seeds produced by 1.2- to 9.6-fold. Seeds harvested in July and August showed 2.9- and 2.3-fold improvements in total germination and more uniform and rapid germination compared with September-collected seeds. Conversely, seeds exposed to dry–cold stratification displayed a 3.0-fold reduction in the germination rate compared with nonstratified seeds. Our results indicate that the production system significantly impacts seed production and quality of A. tuberosa. Seed producers can use weed barrier cloth to facilitate seed collection from shattering follicles and suppress weeds without a considerable loss of seed production. However, plants should not be grown under conditions of additional shade. Furthermore, high-quality A. tuberosa seeds can be collected earlier in the year, but they should not be subjected to dry–cold stratification.
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Lukomec, Artem. "DEVELOPMENT OF FIELD CROP SEED PRODUCTION IN RUSSIA". Russian Journal of Management 8, n.º 3 (24 de novembro de 2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-3-81-85.
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Seed production of field crops plays a key role in ensuring food security of the country and is a continuation of the selection process, a necessary link for the development and maintenance of the variety. In seed production, the main object is a variety that is genetically close to each other a certain group of plants, homogeneous in morphological and biological properties. The finish of high-quality seed production is seeds with good varietal and sowing qualities. The main condition for effective production of field crops is a well-established seed production system, which is a set of functionally interconnected structures engaged in the production of elite and reproductive seeds. Seed production of field crops solves two main tasks: variety exchange and variety renewal. When a variety is changed, one zoned variety is replaced by another with more valuable economic characteristics. During variety renewal, varietal seeds in farms are replaced with seeds of the same varieties, but of higher reproductions. Usually, seeds for cereals and legumes are updated every 3-4 years, for millet - every 2 years, for sunflower - annually. The main goal of seed production of field crops is to maintain a set of characteristics of the variety, its most valuable qualities and economic indicators.
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SAHRAMAA, M., e L. HÖMMÖ. "Seed production characters and germination performance of reed canary grass in Finland". Agricultural and Food Science 9, n.º 3 (3 de janeiro de 2000): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5665.
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Production of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) seed in Finland may be of interest in the near future. Seed production characters of cultivars Palaton and Venture were studied between 1995 and 1998 at Jokioinen. Effects of harvest time on seed yield, thousand seed weight and seed germination were evaluated for 'Palaton'. Seed yield varied from 2 to 432 kg ha-1, being only 100 kg ha-1 on average. In the years of highest seed yields the optimum harvest time was 15 days after complete anthesis. At that time high seed yield was associated with a low proportion of shattered seeds and high thousand seed weight and good seed germination. In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for 'Venture'. Storage temperature had no significant influence on final germination, but warmer storage significantly speeded up germination rate as recorded after 7 days of germination. After 7 days the percentage of germinated seeds was also significantly higher for seeds stored for >10 months than with seeds stored for
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Cordazzo, Cesar Vieira, e Anthony John Davy. "Seed production and seed quality of the dune building grass Panicum racemosum Spreng". Acta Botanica Brasilica 8, n.º 2 (dezembro de 1994): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061994000200004.
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Seed production, pollination requirement, seed characteristics related to quality and the relationship between number and mass of seeds were examined for Panicum racemosum in three successional populations in southern Brazilian coastal dunes. The seed production was generally low and declined further between the frontal dunes and the backdunes, dropping from 4.05 seeds per panicle in the former to 1.8 seeds in the latter. However fertility (% fertile florets) did not differ among the three habitats. Plants cross-pollinated in a glasshouse showed an increase in seed production to 41.4 seeds compared to no seed production in self-pollinated plants. Caryopses varied in mass from 3.2 to 12.2 mg with a mean of 7.98 mg. A strong negative correlation was found between mean individual seed mass and the total number of seeds per panicle in a natural population. However, this relationship did not persist in seeds produced by cultivated plants in the glasshouse. The causes of low seed production appear to be mainly pollen self-incompatibility and additionally competition for nutrients between sexual reproduction and allocation to clonal growth. Under conditions of nutrient shortage, Panicum racemosum probably allocates resources more to clonal growth and to fewer, but well-endowed seeds. This would permit emergence from deeper burial sand, faster growth and greater survival of seedlings.
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Pivovarov, V. F., e S. M. Sirota. "ORGANISATION OF SEED PRODUCTION IN ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF VEGETABLE BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION". Vegetable crops of Russia, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2012): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2012-2-4-5.
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Ekinci, Yunus Emre, Engin Gökhan Kulan e Mehmet Demir Kaya. "Ülkemizde Şeker Pancarı Tohumluk Üretimi". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 10, n.º 3 (22 de março de 2022): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v10i3.489-495.4820.
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Sugar beet is an important agricultural and industrial crop that contributes to Turkey’s economy. It is not only the source of sugar production in our country but also become an important sector with seed production. The seeds are one of the most important issues directly affecting the root yield and quality of sugar beet. There are a lot of registered sugar beet varieties and sufficient seed production in Turkey. According to the data in 2020 year, the seeds of sugar beet varieties were produced with a sowing area of 11.891 decare, seed production was 2.317 tons and 198 kg/da in seed yield. The seed amount is completely belonging to the seed companies operating in the private sector. Besides, 413 tons of sugar beet seeds were imported and 11.312 million dollars was paid, while 143 tons of seeds were exported and 1.584 million dollars income was obtained in 2020. The sugar beet plant produces leaves above the ground and root in the first year, and grows the stem, branch, flower and seeds in the second year. Therefore, seed production needs a long time and intensive labor requirement. In order to shorten this two-year period in seed production of sugar beet, firstly seedlings belonging to male and female lines of a hybrid variety are grown and then, the seed production is performed by transplanting these seedlings. In this review, commercial hybrid seed production of sugar beet is explanied in detail.
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KC, DB, GO Ferrara, N. Gadal, S. Neupane, R. Puri, B. Khatiwada e H. Sharma. "Maize seed production communities in hills towards a new path of contract seed production in Nepal". Agronomy Journal of Nepal 3 (24 de outubro de 2013): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9017.
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Seed production of farmers preferred improved maize varieties under community based seed production(CBSP) group initiated in the hills of Nepal under Hill Maize Research Project in 2000. Trained members of the community group produce improved seeds identified through participatory varietal selection procedures. Despite quantum jump in maize seed production, 14 tons by 7 CBSP groups in 2000 to 1,036 tons by 207 groups in 2012, seed marketing remained one of the challenges in HMRP districts. Main objective of this study was to analyze maize seed production trend and presowing seed contracts in hill districts under HMRP. Linear regression model showed seed production trend over the period 2000 to 2012 highly significant. Annual compounded growth rate of seed during the same period was estimated to be 34.36%. Pre-sowing seed contract in cereal crops in the hills of Nepal is a new initiative of HMRP IV. Analysis showed 63 formal contracts were signed for 170.45 tons of improved maize seed between 50 CBSP groups and 24 private seed buyers/traders. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 150-155 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9017
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Golijan, Jelena, Aleksandar Popović e Ljubiša Živanović. "Organic Seed Production in the Republic of Serbia". Contemporary Agriculture 67, n.º 2 (1 de julho de 2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2018-0019.
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Summary Over the past few years, organic agricultural production has increased globally. This type of production is regulated by numerous laws and concomitant regulations, whereas the basic principles of organic production development are prescribed by the IFOAM standards and the European Union. Seed production is of immense importance to organic agricultural systems as the use of certified seed is crucial in preserving organic production. Prior to 2009, certified organic seed had not been produced in the Republic of Serbia, and producers had used either landrace seeds or chemically untreated conventional seeds. Of the total area devoted to organic farming in the Republic of Serbia (14,357.96 ha), seed production accounts for only 8.4 ha, with uneven distribution over regions. The highest organic seed production (5.2 ha) has been recorded in the region of Vojvodina. However, there is still a lack of certified organic seed in the country, emphasizing the need for organic seed breeding and production in the future.
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Cardina, John, e Heather M. Norquay. "Seed production and seedbank dynamics in subthreshold velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) populations". Weed Science 45, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1997): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500092511.
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The impact of seed production by subthreshold weed populations on future weed problems has impeded the adoption of integrated pest-management principles for weed management. Studies were conducted in fields with no velvetleaf history to determine how seedbanks and seedling populations change following seed production 1 yr or 5 consecutive yr in plow-disk and no-tillage corn. Cumulative seed production by 0.19 velvetleaf plants m−2increased in a linear fashion from 1989 to 1994, with annual additions averaging from 330 seeds m−2for velvetleaf in corn to 2,500 seeds m−2for velvetleaf without competition from corn. Five-year cumulative seed production was 1,480 seeds m−2in plow-disk and 1,810 seeds m−2in no-till corn. In no-till corn, 42 velvetleaf seedlings m−2emerged the 1st year after the 1989 seed rain, but only 35 seedlings m−2emerged over the next 4 yr. In plow-disk plots, annual emergence averaged 12 seedlings m−2. Five years after the 1989 seed rain, the proportion of seeds lost to emergence was about 20% in both tillage treatments. Where velvetleaf seeds were allowed to return to the soil every year, cumulative seedling emergence was lower in plow-disk than in no-till corn, with total emergence of 70 and 360 seedlings m−2, respectively, after 5 yr. Seedbank numbers ranged from 10 seeds m−25 yr after a single seed rain (290 seeds m−2) by velvetleaf in plow-disk corn to 1,020 seeds m−2following 5 consecutive yr of seed rain where 12,580 seeds m−2were returned without corn competition in no-till. Seedbank samples in the fall of the 5th year had 69 to 98% fewer seeds than were accounted for by cumulative seed rain and seedling emergence, with greater apparent seed losses in plow-disk corn than in no-till corn. Over 90% velvetleaf control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations for 5 yr following a single seed rain. By comparison, over 95% control would be required annually to maintain subthreshold populations where velvetleaf seed return is permitted each year.
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Hossain, MM, e M. Begum. "Soil weed seed bank: Importance and management for sustainable crop production- A Review". Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, n.º 2 (20 de julho de 2016): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i2.28783.
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The seed bank is the resting place of weed seeds and is an important component of the life cycle of weeds. Seed banks are the sole source of future weed populations of the weed species both annuals and perennials that reproduce only by seeds. For this reason, understanding fate of seeds in the seed bank can be an important component of overall weed control. When weed seeds enter the seed bank, several factors influence the duration for which seeds persist. Seeds can sense the surrounding environment in the seed bank and use these stimuli to become dormant or initiate germination. Soil and crop management practices can directly influence the environment of seeds in the soil weed seed bank and can thus be used to manage seed longevity and germination behavior of weed seeds.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 221-228, December 2015
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Gautam, Devendra, Dinesh Babu Thapa Magar e Sudeep Gautam. "Rice seed production and marketing practices in Nepal". Journal of Agriculture and Environment 17 (7 de maio de 2018): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v17i0.19867.
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Production and marketing of rice seed involves diverse activities and actors in seed value chain. This study aims to investigate practices and pattern of rice seed production and marketing in Nepal employing survey of 270 seed producers and 240 seed dealers and retailers covering most of the Terai and market accessible hills. The finding showed that seed business activities are concentrated on later generation seeds produced by diverse actors but marketed mainly through seed dealers and retailers. The most popular varieties with highest seed sales are Radha-4, Sabitri and US 312 (hybrid) respectively. Seed dealers selling hybrids receive higher benefits due to their higher market margins. The major constraints faced by seed actors are low profit margins in seed marketing of domestic varieties as compared to exotic hybrids. Improving rice seed business requires strengthening seed production and marketing of domestically developed varieties through entrepreneurship development, networking and policy support.
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Wulandari, Eliana, Ernah Ernah, Hepi Hapsari e Amelia Hendra. "Risk Management of Granola Potato Seeds Production: A Study in Kertasari, West Java, Indonesia". Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 36, n.º 2 (10 de agosto de 2021): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v36i2.38860.
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The quality of potato seeds is important to support increased production. The majority of farmers do not certify potato seeds, which can result in various risks for potato seed production activities. This research aims to identify the risks of potato seed production and formulate risk control strategies for potato seeds production. The research uses house of risk method. The results of this study show thirty-nine identified risk events. The most impactful risk event was rotten potato. Thirty-two identified risk agents with two priorities must be handled first. The most effective ways in handling strategy are training, the certification of potato seed breeder farmers, potato seed certification, as well as purchasing breeder seeds from vegetable crop research center and from other seed breeders. This research suggests the needs to produce quality potato seeds by certifying potato seed and to update the competency certification of potato seed breeders.
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Radomsky, Guilherme Francisco Waterloo, e Ondina Fachel Leal. "From the production of rules to seed production: Global Intellectual Property and local knowledge". Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 9, n.º 1 (junho de 2012): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412012000100015.
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This paper analyzes the links and overlappings between traditional knowledge and biodiversity in the context of ecological family farming in southern Brazil. The data presented are part of an ethnographic study carried out among a network of ecological farmers, Ecovida, in the west of Santa Catarina state. The current global patent regime, most prominently the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO), has had direct effects on seed production and agricultural food crops. In a scenario of increasing creation of patents, patent regulations, provisions on cultivars (plant varieties and seed breeding) and a number of other global trade control mechanisms, family farmers and other related social actors have rejected the multilateral development agencies' notion of life as "resource". This study has a two-fold aim: first, it approaches the international context of the intellectual property regime on biodiversity and knowledge production; second, it examines the actions taken by farmers participating in the Ecovida network toward creating alternative ways of managing knowledge to produce "free" seeds. As an outcome, there is a parallel political action of criticism and resistance to the current narrowing of agriculture's genetic base, and organized efforts to multiply seeds, know-how and knowledge through networks, banks and centers of agro-biodiversity. Our central argument is that all these social actors - who make up the so-called ecological network and who seek, in their activities, to carry on the multiplication and variability of seeds and promote the diversity of knowledge to produce diverse seeds - are also creating collective strategies of social resistance vis-à-vis the prevailing global modes of controlling knowledge, seeds and food production.
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Eti Wulanjari, Munir, Cahyati Setiani, Intan Gilang Cempaka e Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas. "Study of Production and Distribution of Soybean Seeds In Central Java". E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131602019.
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The study on the production and distribution of soybean seeds was carried out in January-September 2020. The location of soybean seed production was 33 ha across Central Java Province, Grobogan, Kendal, and Brebes districts. The seeds produced are SS1 class consisting of Grobogan (22 ha), Anjasmoro (10 ha), and Dega 1 (1 ha). Seed production was carried out by cooperating with soybean seed partners. The data collected includes data on prospective soybean seed production, yield, and distribution of soybean seeds. Existing data were analyzed descriptively. The study results showed that the Grobogan seed's productivity was 2,150 kg/ha on average, while the Anjasmoro was 2,030 kg/ha, and Dega 1 was 2,120 kg/ha. Overall yields of soybean seeds from 33 ha were 73,803 kg. The percentage yield of Grobogan was 79.072%, Anjasmoro 80.20%, and Dega 1 was 66.67%. The seeds were distributed to seed producers in the Central Java Province recommended by the Central Java Seed Monitoring and Certification Agency and the Central Java Seed Producers and Traders Association.
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Kiel, G. Geisler. "Forage Seed Production". Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 184, n.º 3 (maio de 2000): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2000.00382-3.x.
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Andeweg, J. M. "Vegetable seed production". Scientia Horticulturae 28, n.º 1-2 (março de 1986): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(86)90139-1.
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Rutzke, Corinne F. J., Alan G. Taylor e Ralph L. Obendorf. "Influence of Aging, Oxygen, and Moisture on Ethanol Production from Cabbage Seeds". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2008): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.1.158.
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A seed quality test developed by Kataki and Taylor (1997) measures the anaerobic-to-aerobic (ANA) ratio of ethanol production and the relationship of the ANA ratio index-to-seed quality has been tested in several species. To expand the usefulness of the ANA ratio index and to optimize the test conditions, a series of studies was performed using cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.) seeds as a model. It was hypothesized that ethanol production in cabbage seeds would be influenced by aging treatment, hydration level, seed integrity (grinding), and oxygen availability. Cabbage seeds were subjected to controlled aging treatments (40 °C at 70% relative humidity for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d). Seed samples were incubated with a glucose (50 mm) potassium phosphate buffer (5 mm, pH 5.6) at 25 °C for 24 h (shorter than the time required for germination). The water concentration levels tested in the current study were 0.18, 0.22, 0.54, 0.80, 1.22, 1.86, 3.00, 5.67, and 10.0 g of H2O per gram of dry seeds. Ethanol production was measured in the supernatant of seed extracts using immobilized enzyme technology. The experiments were performed in ambient oxygen conditions and under nitrogen. Ethanol production was greater in aged than nonaged intact seeds at all water concentrations tested. Nonaged seeds under nitrogen had reduced ethanol production at ≤0.54 g of water per gram of seeds, indicating that low seed water concentration limited ethanol production. Nonaged seeds in ambient oxygen at ≥1.22 g of water per gram of seeds had elevated ethanol production, indicating that a hypoxic environment was created by excess seed water. Thus, a water concentration between these values is recommended for the ANA ratio index test for cabbage seeds. The opposite trend of lower ethanol production in aged than nonaged seeds was measured if seeds were ground before the hydration. Seed integrity experiments suggest that lower ethanol production observed in aged ground seeds may be attributed to hypoxia resulting from rapid hydration damage that results with loss of seed-coat integrity.
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Silva, Patricia Augusto da, Sakae Kinjo, Marcia Provinzano Braga Xavier de Melo e Fernando César Sala. "Evaluation of arugula cultivars and seed production in the organic system". Journal of Seed Science 41, n.º 4 (outubro de 2019): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v41n4218457.
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Abstract: The production of arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) in Brazil uses seeds produced in the conventional system, without availability of organic seeds. The aim of this research was to indicate the cultivars of arugula with best performance for commercial production and to evaluate seed production viability, as well as seed quality of these cultivars in the organic production system. Eight cultivars were evaluated in a protected environment for agronomic characteristics in two periods and for seed production. The parameters evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, shoot fresh and dry weight, yield, iron and vitamin C contents. For seed production, time for flowering, number of branches per plant, silique length, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per silique, yield, one thousand seed weight, first count of germination, germination and seed health. After storage, first germination count, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index and seed health were evaluated. “Astro” and “Giovana” performed well in the organic system. Organic arugula seeds can be produced with high yield and good seed quality in a protected environment, and the cultivars Astro and LG Maia are suitable for this purpose.
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Kozulina, Natalia, Alexey Lipshin, Lydia Butkovskaya, Albina Vasilenko e Alexander Bobrovsky. "Spring wheat seed production in Krasnoyarsk region". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339001021.
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The economic and biological properties of the variety are successfully implemented only through a well-established seed production system, which is an integration into a single complex of breeding, production and marketing of seeds. High-quality seed material provides a yield increase of at least 25-30%. In modern economic conditions, commodity producers need varieties and seeds of grain crops that meet specific production requirements.
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Adams, Gregory W., e Hartmut A. Kunze. "Clonal variation in cone and seed production in black and white spruce seed orchards and management implications". Forestry Chronicle 72, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 1996): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc72475-5.
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Variation in cone and seed production across a range of clones in black and white spruce seed orchards was investigated in 1994. The purpose was to develop production information to be used with knowledge of orchard management practices to capture genetic gain more efficiently and improve clonal balance in orchard seedlots. Bulk cone collections were made from ten randomly selected trees for each of 48 clones and 60 clones of white spruce and black spruce, respectively. The average number of cones tree−1 was determined for each clone. Seeds were extracted and average seeds tree−1, seeds cone−1 and seeds g−1 were determined for each clone. Clones were ranked by cone and seed production and significant variation existed between the two ranks. For white spruce, a strong positive correlation was found between number of cones tree−1 and number of seeds, but the same was not found for black spruce, largely because some of the heaviest cone bearing clones produced lower amounts of sound seed. For both species, clones which produced more cones tree−1 tended to produce fewer seeds per cone and the seed was smaller than clones with more moderate levels of cone production. Clonal balance in cone and seed production is discussed with respect to practical orchard management options. Key words: clonal variation, cone and seed production, seed orchard, black spruce, white spruce
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C, DHARMALINGAM, e BASU R.N. "DETERMINING OPTIMUM SEASON FOR THE PRODUCTION OF QUALITY SEEDS IN MUNGBEAN". Madras Agricultural Journal 80, December (1993): 684–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01721.
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The monthly sowing studies carried out with mungbean cultivar CO 3 for one year (January to December) under coimbatore conditions had brought out the need for sowing the seed crops during the summer months namely, from February to April for getting higher seed yield associated with larger recovery of quality seeds. The hard seed percentage however was more in the produce of the resulting crop. On the other hand, seed crops raised during May to December resulted in low seed yield combined with larger percentage of off-colour seeds which on the seed quality point of view needs to be eliminated.
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Lovic, Branko R., e Donald L. Hopkins. "Production Steps to Reduce Seed Contamination by Pathogens of Cucurbits". HortTechnology 13, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.1.0050.
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Selecting production areas for low disease pressure, implementation of preventive spray programs, and continuous monitoring for disease symptoms are important steps to keep seed production fields free of potentially seedborne diseases, such as bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae), caused by Acidovorax avenae ssp. citrulli. However, seeds of cucurbit crops and other fleshy vegetables typically remain remarkably free of pathogenic bacteria and fungi while in intact fruit. The most significant risk for seed contamination comes at harvest when the inoculum present in the field or in the seed harvesting area may contaminate the seeds. Properly executed fermentation and seed drying processes significantly reduce seed contamination. Application of a no-rinse disinfectant formulation to freshly harvested seed just before drying may be the single most efficacious procedure to reduce the seed contamination risk. However, the disinfection step should not be expected to be effective unless applied as part of a fully controlled seed harvest process.
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Uddin, Md Nasir, S. M. Mahbub Ali, Md Abu Sadat, Md Amazed Hossain Chowdhury, Israt Jahan Mumu e Md Zablul Tareq. "Mid storage seed hardening: a mechanical method to maintain seed viability during long term jute seed preservation". Plant Science Today 8, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.1.916.
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Seed plays an important role in agricultural sector for both production and consumption purpose. Availability of vigour seed is one of the major constraints for maximizing crop production. However, healthy seed can also lose its viability during seed storage by changing different physio-chemical properties. Influence of environmental factors and seed containers during storage leading to seed deterioration. In this research, mid storage seed hardening treatment was applied in different aged seeds of jute species (C. Capsularis & C. olitorius) with two types of storage bags. Seed hardening treatment showed the less moisture content with better germination percentage compared to the untreated species of jute seeds. Seed packing in polythene bags during both short and long term seed storages had higher viable seeds compared to the cloth packing seeds. The effect of seed hardening treatment on seed oil content and pattern of oil degradation is distinct in early period of storage. The faster rate of oil degradation, soluble protein and free amino acids was found in seeds of un-treated stored seeds in cloth bag. Contrary, very slow rate of oil degradation was observed in harden seed and stored in polythene bag which indicated better storability of harden seeds.
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Danasari, Idiatul Fitri, Baiq Rika Ayu Febrilia, Anwar Anwar e Sri Mulyawati. "DETERMINAN PRODUKSI BENIH BAWANG PUTIH DI KECAMATAN SEMBALUN". AGROTEKSOS 33, n.º 3 (5 de dezembro de 2023): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agroteksos.v33i3.929.
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This research aims to describe the characteristics of farmers and seed stockmen and analyze the determinants of garlic seed production in Sembalun District. The research was conducted through observations and interviews using questionnaires to farmers and garlic seed stockmen. The qualitative analysis method was used to identify the characteristics of farmers and seed stockmen and then quantitative analysis using multiple regression to identify the determinants of garlic seed production in Sembalun District. Based on the analysis conducted on 35 respondents (30 farmers and 5 seed stockmen) there were four variables that affect the production of garlic seeds in Sembalun District, namely wet garlic production (X1), the price of garlic seeds (X2), the price of wet garlic (X3), and the price of organic fertilizer (X4). Wet garlic production (X1) and the price of garlic seeds (X2) were found to have a positive effect while the price of wet garlic (X3) and the price of organic fertilizer (X4) had a negative effect on the production of garlic seeds in Sembalun District.
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Vladimirovna, Kim Veronika, e Holdorov Mirhalil Urazbekovich. "SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR THE EFFECTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE SOYBEANS IN UZBEKISTAN". European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, n.º 10 (11 de outubro de 2022): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-10-53.
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Vegetable soybeans are non-traditional crop in the Uzbekistan. The universality of the use of this crop testifies to its potential and value for agriculture, since cultivated soybeans are a food, technical, oilseed, fodder and siderate crop. The article describes the data for the production of high-quality seeds of vegetable soybeans in the conditions of Uzbekistan. It is necessary to comply with the rules of seed production, including individual and group selection in primary seed production and mass selection of elite seed production. It is necessary to select plants with a high yield of beans and well-ripened full-fledged seeds, the selection of beans with pronounced and corresponding to the variety morphological features.
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Kegode, George O., Frank Forcella e Sharon Clay. "Influence of crop rotation, tillage, and management inputs on weed seed production". Weed Science 47, n.º 2 (abril de 1999): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091591.
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Approaches to crop production that successfully reduce weed seed production can benefit farming systems by reducing management inputs and costs. A 5-yr rotation study was conducted in order to determine the effects that interactions between crop rotation, tillage, and amount of herbicide and fertilizer (management inputs) have on annual grass and broad-leaved weed seed production and fecundity. There were 10 crop rotation and tillage system combinations and three levels of management inputs (high, medium, and low). Green and yellow foxtail were the major weed species, and together they yielded between 76 and 93% of collected weed seeds. From 1990 to 1994, average grass weed seed productions were 7.3 by 103, 3.7 by 1036.1 by 103and 5.7 by 103seeds m−-2, whereas average broad-leaved weed seed productions were 0.4 by 103, 0.4 by 103, 1.4 by 103, and 0.4 by 103seeds m−-2in crop rotations using conventional tillage (moldboard plow), conservation tillage, no tillage, and ridge tillage, respectively. Crop rotations using conventional or ridge tillage consistently produced more grass and broad-leaved weed seeds, especially in low-input plots. There was little difference in weed seed production among input levels for crop rotations using conservation tillage. Comparing rotations that began and ended with a corn crop revealed that by increasing crop diversity within a rotation while simultaneously reducing the amount of tillage, significantly fewer grass and broad-leaved weed seeds were produced. Among the rotations, grass and broad-leaved weed fecundity were highly variable, but fecundity declined from 1990 to 1994 within each rotation, with a concomitant increase in grass and broad-leaved weed density over the same period. Crop rotation in combination with reduced tillage is an effective way of limiting grass and broad-leaved weed seed production, regardless of the level of management input applied.
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Adri, Adri, Firdaus Firdaus, Suharyon Suharyon, Busra BS, Yarda Yarda, Rachmat Hendayana e Syafri Edi. "ESTIMATION OF RICE SEED PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY USING THE STOCHASTIC FRONTIER PRODUCTION FUNCTION". Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Terapan Universitas Jambi 7, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2023): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jiituj.v7i2.30412.
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Production efficiency is a crucial factor in producing seeds. This paper aims to estimate the level of efficiency of rice seed production and determine the factors that influence it using a frontier stochastic production function approach. The rice varieties developed are Inpara3, Inpari Nutri Zink and Baroma. The research was conducted in Rawa Medang Village, Batang Asam District, West Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province, in December 2021. Data collection was carried out through observation and in-depth interviews with seed breeders. By using the frontier production function, the conclusion is obtained: The efficiency level of rice farming for superior varieties is relatively good, with the efficiency level at level 6. All rice seed breeders show effective performance. To increase the efficiency of rice farming in the future, it is necessary to sharpen the use of production input inputs. The consideration is that the breeder's orientation is to produce quality seed for use by the farming community. Therefore, more intensive technological assistance is needed.
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Nassoro, Fatuma Gharibu, Dorah Herman Bivugile, Eliud Theonest Ngimbwa e Luseko Amos Chilagane. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF SUNFLOWER SEED PRODUCTION IN SINGIDA REGION, TANZANIA". International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 08, n.º 01 (2023): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2023.58002.
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Sunflower seed production has been a response of rising demand for sunflower oil in the local and export market of Tanzania. The use of certified sunflower seeds has increased production of sunflower oil among the producers for local and export market. This work aimed at investigating the socio-economic determinants affecting sunflower seed production in Singida region of Tanzania. The cross-section research design with a sample size of 140 respondents was used to obtain information regarding determinants of sunflower seed production in the study area. The findings of the study shows that, the level of technology used by seed producers and suppliers, the use of skilled labor in the factories , the market deman, disasters and diseases were the key factors having a direct effect on sunflower seed production. The extent of seed production was measured based on tons of seeds produced in the years 2016 to 2020, and the study also found that sunflower seed production was low compared to the market demand at the same period. The study concluded that the rate of sunflower seed production and supply in the market can be increased by upgrading the technology used in sunflower seed value chain in Tanzania.
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Gulin, Aleksandr, Ol'ga Kigashpaeva e Vera Machulkina. "Bioenergetic assessment of eggplant seed production". Agrarian Bulletin of the 233, n.º 04 (31 de maio de 2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2023-233-04-70-78.
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Abstract. The aim of work is to determine the bioenergy efficiency of eggplant seed production depending on the variety. Research methodology. In conducting this work we consider the costs: for live labor from growing seedlings to obtaining the finished product; for electricity; energy costs agricultural units and transport. The fruits of eggplant varieties of VNIIOOB - branch of FGBNU "PAFSC RAS" Panthera, Astrakom, Black cylinder, Matrosik in compare with the control variety Albatross were used. The work on cultivation was carried out according to technology generally accepted for Astrakhan region. Research results. The results of the work can be concluded: the highest yield of seeds was noted in the variety Matrosik 712.4 kg/ha, which is 1.1 times higher than the control; in other varieties it is lower than the control by 199.0-281.2 kg/ha. The yield energy efficiency ranged from 100 083.45 MJ/ha (variety Panthera) to 144335.23 MJ/ha (variety Albatross), other varieties occupied an intermediate position. Total yield energy inputs ranged from 32 836.2 MJ/ha to 51 312.1 MJ/ha, with an energy efficiency coefficient of 2.8–3.0 units. The energy efficiency coefficient of seed production at was 1.42–1.67 units. Scientific novelty. For the first time the bioenergetic estimation of eggplant seeds produced by the VNIIOOB, the minimum costs depending on the variety were found that is important for providing the agricultural producers with pure sort seeds of high quality produced in our country. It determined that bioenergetic technology of growing, harvesting and separating seeds are properly selected varieties with high standard yields and good seed yields.
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Hill, Erin C., Karen A. Renner, Mark J. VanGessel, Robin R. Bellinder e Barbara A. Scott. "Late-Season Weed Management to Stop Viable Weed Seed Production". Weed Science 64, n.º 1 (março de 2016): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00096.1.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) for agronomic and vegetable production systems utilizes all available options to effectively manage weeds. Late-season weed control measures are often needed to improve crop harvest and stop additions to the weed seed bank. Eliminating the production of viable weed seeds is one of the key IWM practices. The objective of this research was to determine how termination method and timing influence viable weed seed production of late-season weed infestations. Research was conducted in Delaware, Michigan, and New York over a 2-yr period. The weeds studied included: common lambsquarters, common ragweed, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf. Three termination methods were imposed: cutting at the plant base (simulating hand hoeing), chopping (simulating mowing), and applying glyphosate. The three termination timings were flowering, immature seeds present, and mature seeds present. Following termination, plants were stored in the field in mesh bags until mid-Fall when seeds were counted and tested for viability. Termination timing influenced viable seed development; however, termination method did not. Common ragweed and giant foxtail produced viable seeds when terminated at the time of flowering. All species produced some viable seed when immature seeds were present at the time of termination. The time of viable seed formation varied based on species and site-year, ranging from plants terminated the day of flowering to 1,337 growing degree d after flowering (base 10, 0 to 57 calendar d). Viable seed production was reduced by 64 to 100% when common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were terminated with immature seeds present, compared to when plants were terminated with some mature seeds present. Our results suggest that terminating common lambsquarters, common ragweed, and giant foxtail prior to flowering, and velvetleaf and jimsonweed less than 2 and 3 wk after flowering, respectively, greatly reduces weed seed bank inputs.
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M, Buhari, Danbature W. L, Muzakir M. M e Abubakar B. A. "Production of Biodiesel from Baobab Seed Oil". Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4, n.º 2 (15 de março de 2014): 022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2014.2.1219131042.
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