Bibliografias temáticas / Secondary pollution

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Secondary pollution"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de maio de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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Debol'skii, V. K. "Problem of preventing secondary pollution of reservoirs". Hydrotechnical Construction 30, n.º 11 (novembro de 1996): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447449.

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Doussin, Jean-François. "Composés organiques volatils : des mécanismes moléculaires intriqués au centre de la complexité de la chimie troposphérique". La Météorologie, n.º 113 (2021): 035. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0042.

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La pollution de l'air demeure l'un des principaux fléaux des temps modernes. Outre la pollution atmosphérique dite « primaire » se développe aussi une pollution atmosphérique plus pernicieuse, appellée « secondaire », produite dans l'environnement atmosphérique. Elle est le fruit d'une chimie atmosphérique multiphasique, impliquant des composés organiques et radicalaires, rendue complexe à la fois par le grand nombre de composants de l'air et par la multiplicité de leurs voies d'évolution chimique. En mettant en perspective cette complexité, cet article se propose de donner quelques clefs pour l'appréhender et de présenter les stratégies de la recherche qui permettront de réduire cette pollution secondaire. Air pollution remains one of the main plagues of modern times. In addition to so-called "primary" air pollution, a more pernicious air pollution is also developing, termed "secondary", i.e. produced in the atmospheric environment. It is the result of an atmospheric multiphase chemistry involving organic and radical compounds, made complex both by the large number of components in the air and the multiplicity of their chemical pathways. Putting this complexity into perspective, this article provides some keys to understand it and to present research strategies that will reduce this secondary pollution.
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Balanzino, A., E. Ferrero, G. Pirovano, C. Pertot, M. Causa, S. Alessandrini e M. P. Costa. "Annual simulation of secondary pollution over northern Italy". International Journal of Environment and Pollution 45, n.º 4 (2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2011.040280.

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Dohmen, G. P. "Secondary effects of air pollution: Enhanced aphid growth". Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological 39, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1985): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-1471(85)90099-6.

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Abba, Mustapha S., Chidozie U. Nduka, Seun Anjorin e Olalekan A. Uthman. "Household Air Pollution and High Blood Pressure: A Secondary Analysis of the 2016 Albania Demographic Health and Survey Dataset". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 5 (24 de fevereiro de 2022): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052611.

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Background: Hypertension is a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to examine the association between household air pollution (HAP) and blood pressure using data from the 2016 Albania Demographic Health and Survey (DHS). Methods: We computed the odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of hypertension between respondents exposed to clean fuels (e.g., electricity, liquid petroleum gas, natural gas, and biogas) and respondents exposed to polluting fuel (e.g., kerosene, coal/lignite, charcoal, wood, straw/shrubs/grass, and animal dung). Result: The results show that participants exposed to household polluting fuels in Albania were 17% more likely to develop hypertension than those not exposed to household air pollution (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24). Subgroup analysis revealed that the odds of hypertension were more significant among women (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.31), rural residents (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.22), and participants aged >24 years (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.62) who were exposed to household polluting fuels compared to their counterparts who were not exposed. In summary, the results of the study show significant associations between household air pollution and hypertension risk overall, especially among women, rural dwellers, and people aged >24 years in Albania. Conclusion: In this study, an association between household air pollution and the risk of hypertension was found, particularly among low-income households, those with no education, women, and those who live in rural areas.
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Kukic, Dragana, Marina Sciban, Vesna Vasic e Jelena Prodanovic. "Secondary pollution of water during the biosorption of heavy metal ions by pristine and sugar beet shreds from bioethanol production". Acta Periodica Technologica, n.º 49 (2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1849081k.

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When biomaterials are used as adsorbents, some compounds present in their structure can be extracted and cause secondary pollution of the treated water. Depending on the type and amount of the secondary pollution, some materials can be unacceptable as adsorbents despite of their good adsorption capacity. Although, it is not a newly discovered phenomenon and it is recognized as a problem, leaching from adsorbents is neglected. The aim of our study is to investigate the secondary pollution of the water during the biosorption of heavy metal ions by pristine and modified sugar beet shreds from bioethanol production. The presence of different elements in the mentioned adsorbents, secondary pollution of the water during the adsorption of heavy metal ions and amount of reducing sugars in the water treated by pristine sugar beet shreds were characterized by the SEM-EDS method, the amount of the leached inorganic and organic matter from the adsorbents (atomic absorption spectroscopy and permanganate index) and Bertrand's method, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to the available literature data. Our results showed that according to the valid regulations of emission limit values of the polluting substances in the water and adsorption capacity, the investigated adsorbents have a great potential as biosorbents for practical treatment of wastewaters which contain high concentrations of heavy metal ions.
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Gu, Haolei, e Yan Chen. "Using the Grey Model to Analyze the Impact of the Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Industries on the Public’s Attention to Air Pollution in Three Cities". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (18 de dezembro de 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6614570.

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To analyze the impact of the added value of primary, secondary, and tertiary industry on public attention to air pollution in Handan, Xingtai, and Shijiazhuang, Baidu index is used to build the air pollution attention index. Taking the added value of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industry as the influencing factors, fractional grey multivariable convolution model is used to predict and analyze the public attention to air pollution in these three cities from 2020 to 2024. The results show that the secondary industry has the greatest impact on the public’s attention to air pollution compared with the primary industry and the tertiary industry. And the added value of the secondary industry with faster increase will cause a faster increase in the public’s air pollution attention from 2020 to 2024, especially in Handan. It is not only helpful to air pollution control, but also helpful in solving the public psychological problems caused by air pollution.
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Pye, Havala O. T., K. Wyat Appel, Karl M. Seltzer, Cavin K. Ward-Caviness e Benjamin N. Murphy. "Human-Health Impacts of Controlling Secondary Air Pollution Precursors". Environmental Science & Technology Letters 9, n.º 2 (10 de janeiro de 2022): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00798.

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Liu, Hong Yuan, e Zhan Feng Fan. "Analysis of Secondary Pollution in Drinking Water Ultrafiltration System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (maio de 2012): 2335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2335.

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Ultrafiltration processes are increasingly popular in drinking water treatment, as it can provide better quality water by removing microorganism and turbidity with lower filtration pore size, even without disinfection. Nonetheless, in our experiment the bacteria was occasionally detected in ultrafiltration effluent, and the related literature once had also been reported. This study was focused on the cause of secondary pollution in the drinking water ultrafiltration system, mainly from the production tank, biological stability, bacteria in air, as well as the membrane structure. And some solutions, including production water tank chlorination periodically, changing the operating mode of the ultrafiltration system, improving the design of the production tank, were studied to control secondary pollution in the treatment system.
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Assad, Nour, John Balmes, Sumi Mehta, Umar Cheema e Akshay Sood. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Secondary to Household Air Pollution". Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 36, n.º 03 (29 de maio de 2015): 408–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1554846.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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Meyer, Ben Anton. "An examination of pollution awareness and prevention in Montana secondary agricultural education programs". Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/meyer/MeyerB0807.pdf.

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Baek, Jaemeen. "Improving aerosol simulations: assessing and improving emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation in air quality modeling". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37249.

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Both long-term and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been shown to increase the rate of respiratory and cardiovascular illness, premature death, and hospital admissions from respiratory causes. It is important to understand what contributes to ambient PM2.5 level to establish effective regulation, and air quality model can provide guidance based on the best scientific understanding available. However, PM2.5 simulations in air quality models have often found performance less than desirable, particularly for organic carbon levels. Here, some of major shortcomings of current air quality model will be addressed and improved by using CMAQ, receptor models, and regression analysis. Detailed source apportionment of PM2.5 performed using the CMAQ-tracer method suggests that wood combustion and mobile sources are the largest sources of PM2.5, followed by meat cooking and industrial processes. Biases in emission estimates are investigated using tracer species, such as organic molecular markers and trace metals that are used in receptor models. Comparison of simulated and observed tracer species shows some consistent discrepancies, which enables us to quantify biases in emissions and improve CMAQ simulations. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is another topic that is investigated. CMAQ studies on organic aerosol usually underestimate organic carbon with larger than a 50% bias. Formation of aged aerosol from multigenerational semi-volatile organic carbon is added to CMAQ, significantly improving performance of organic aerosol simulations.
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Wang, Hong. "Field and laboratory investigation of ozone-indoor surface reactions: secondary emissions inventory and implications for indoor air quality". Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Wang_09007dcc8044137b.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 6, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-144).
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Hennigan, Christopher James. "Properties of secondary organic aerosol in the ambient atmosphere sources, formation, and partitioning /". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26598.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Weber, Rodney; Committee Co-Chair: Bergin, Michael; Committee Member: Mulholland, James; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Russell, Armistead. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Morgan, William Thomas. "Pollution aerosol across Northern Europe : assessing properties, processes and effects on regional climate". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pollution-aerosol-across-northern-europe-assessing-properties-processes-and-effects-on-regional-climate(8c347b7e-baa9-4430-af93-911ad77eef7d).html.

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Atmospheric aerosols are the major component in the shorter-term variability governing the radiative balance of the climate system, particularly on regional scales. However, knowledge of the myriad of properties and processes associated with aerosols is often limited, which results in major uncertainties when assessing their climate effects. One such aspect is the chemical make-up of the atmospheric aerosol burden.Airborne measurements of aerosol properties across Northern Europe are presented here in order to facilitate constraint of the properties, processes and effects of aerosols in this highly populated and industrialised region. An Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) delivered highly time-resolved measurements of aerosol chemical components, which included organic matter, sulphate, nitrate and ammonium.The chemical composition of the aerosol burden was strongly determined by the dominant meteorological conditions in Northern Europe. Pollution loadings in North- Western Europe were strongly enhanced when air masses originated from Continental Europe. Conversely, much cleaner conditions were associated with air masses from the Atlantic Ocean.Organic matter was found to be ubiquitous across Northern Europe and predominantly secondary in nature, which is consistent with other analyses in polluted regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, its concentration was generally comparable to, or exceeded that of, sulphate. Significant chemical processing of the organic aerosol component was observed. Highly oxidised secondary organic aerosol dominated, as the distance from source and photochemical processing increased.Ammonium nitrate was found to be a major component of the aerosol burden in Northern Europe, with peak contributions occurring in North-Western Europe, due to the co-location of its emission precursors (NH3 and NOx) in the region. Ammonium nitrate was found to be the dominant sub-micron chemical constituent during periods associated with enhanced pollution episodes. Its concentration was shown to be modulated by the thermodynamic structure of the lower troposphere, with enhanced concentrations prevalent at the top of the boundary layer. This phenomenon greatly enhanced the radiative impact of the aerosol burden; the increased mass and water uptake by the aerosol significantly amplified the aerosol optical depth in the region.The results presented in this thesis highlight a highly dynamic region, where major changes in emissions have played a significant role in determining the chemical composition of the aerosol burden. As substantial reductions in sulphur dioxide emissions have occurred over the past two decades in Northern Europe, the relative contribution of sulphate aerosols to the regional aerosol burden has decreased. Consequently, it is more pertinent to consider the roles of organic matter and ammonium nitrate, as their influence becomes more pronounced than sulphate on regional and global climate.
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Moolman, Tiani. "Environmental reasoning of secondary-level schoolchildren : case study of Okahandja, Namibia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98100.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Okahandja has been identified as one of the ‘dirtiest towns’ in Namibia. The town’s location makes it an important node serving as a gateway to the leisure and tourism periphery in Namibia. However, environmental problems such as littering and the burning of household waste are threatening the local cultural and nature-based tourism industry and the aesthetic beauty of the town. These forms of pollution pose various health risks to people living in the area, to those who interact with the spaces as well as for grazing animals and the natural environment. The aim of the study was to explore the environmental reasoning of secondary-level schoolchildren of Okahandja and to establish the main determinants of their environmental knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. The research objectives of the study were (1) to study the literature on and understand the concepts and models related to pro-environmental behaviour (PEB), environmental worldview, environmental concern and place attachment; (2) conduct transect walks through the communities to gain a contextual understanding; (3) question secondary-level schoolchildren at JG van der Wath Secondary School about their environmental knowledge and concern that influence their environmental reasoning; (4) investigate the influences (im)mobility (low access to transport) and place attachment to Okahandja have on the schoolchildren’s views and perceptions of the environment; (5) explore how the children view their local environment and how they want their living environment to change; and (6) examine whether children from different ethnic groups reason differently about the environment and whether these distinctions influence their interactions with their surroundings. The study followed a mixed-methods approach. A questionnaire survey among schoolchildren elicited information supplemented by observations made during transect walks, focus group discussions and participatory drawing exercises. Data was captured and analysed using STATISTICA, Excel and ArcGIS. The findings indicate that the children are aware of and relatively well-informed about the significance of a clean and protected environment. They were also well able to identify the importance of Okahandja within the Namibian landscape. Participants, especially female participants are concerned about protecting the natural environment. Greater emphasis was placed on environmental problems that are apparent and aesthetically unpleasing such as littering, than on other environmental issues such as the chopping down of trees and the burning of household waste. Participants only have a moderate sense of attachment to Okahandja so causing them to have a weak sense of responsibility and desire to behave pro-environmentally. Although community cohesion and social ties are strong within the communities, mistrust and miscommunication between residents and local authorities were identified as major stumbling blocks to PEB. Dissatisfaction with structural opportunities was displayed through a lack of concern and cooperation, leading to high levels of environmental degradation in and around Okahandja. The children seem to possess a ‘balanced’ environmental worldview as they believe that the natural environment should be protected yet used to sustain human life. The importance of positive role models such as parents and teachers was highlighted. It is recommended that environmental education (EE) and awareness should be implemented on three levels, namely parental, school and community.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Okahandja staan bekend as een van die ‘vuilste dorpe’ in Namibië. Die ligging van die dorp maak dit ’n belangrike nodus wat dien as ’n poort na die ontspannings- en toerisme-periferie in Namibië. Maar omgewingskwessies soos rommelstrooiing en die verbranding van huishoudelike afval bedreig die plaaslike toerismebedryf en estetiese skoonheid van die dorp wat gegrondves is op sy kultuur en die natuur. Hierdie vorme van besoedeling hou gesondheidsrisiko’s in vir bewoners in die gebied, vir diegene wat beweeg in die ruimte, vir diere wat wei en die natuurlike omgewing. Die doel van die studie was om sekondêre skoolleerlinge van Okahandja se redenering oor die omgewing te ondersoek en die bepalende faktore van hul kennis van die omgewing en hul houding en gedrag teenoor die omgewing vas te stel. Die navorsingsdoelwitte van die studie was (1) om die literatuur oor pro-omgewingsgedrag (POG), die wêreldbeskouing oor die omgewing, besorgdheid oor die omgewing en verbondenheid aan ’n plek te bestudeer en die konsepte en modelle verwant daaraan te verstaan; (2) om deur die gemeenskappe te stap (of te deurkruis) om ’n kontekstuele begrip te verkry; (3) om sekondêre skoolleerlinge van JG van der Wath Sekondêre Skool te ondervra oor hul kennis en besorgtheid vir die omgewing en vas te stel hoe dit hul redenering oor die omgewing beïnvloed; (4) om die invloed wat (im)mobiliteit (beperkte toegang tot vervoer) en plekgehegtheid aan Okahandja het op die skoolleerlinge se omgewingsienings en –persepsies te ondersoek; (5) te ontdek hoe die kinders hul plaaslike omgewing sien en hoe hulle wil hê die omgewing waarin hul leef, moet verander; en (6) om vas te stel of kinders van verskillende etniese groepe verskillend redeneer oor die omgewing en of hierdie onderskeid hul interaksie met hul omgewing beïnvloed. Die studie maak van verskillende metodes gebruik. ’n Vraelys-opname het sekere inligting aan die lig gebring, dit is aangevul deur waarnemings tydens staptogte wat die studiegebied deurkruis het, fokusgroepbesprekings en deelnemende tekenoefeninge. Inligting is opgeteken en geanaliseer deur middel van STATISTICA, Excel en ArcGIS. Die bevindings toon dat die kinders bewus en relatief goed ingelig is oor die belangrikheid van ’n skoon en beskermde omgewing. Hulle was goed in staat om die belangrikheid van Okahandja binne die Namibiese landskap te identifiseer. Deelnemers, veral vroulike deelnemers, is besorg oor die beskerming van die natuurlike omgewing. Respondente het groter klem geplaas op omgewingsprobleme wat duidelik en esteties onaangenaam is soos rommelstrooiing, eerder as ander omgewingskwessies soos die afkap van bome en die verbranding van huishoudelike afval. Deelnemers het slegs ’n redelike sin van gehegtheid aan Okahandja wat veroorsaak dat hulle ’n swak sin van verantwoordelikheid en begeerte om pro-omgewing op te tree, het. Alhoewel gemeenskapsamehorigheid en sosiale bande sterk is binne die gemeenskappe, is wantroue en gebrekkige kommunikasie tussen inwoners en plaaslike owerhede geïdentifiseer as die hoofstruikelblokke van POG. Ontevredenheid met strukturele geleenthede is geopenbaar deur ’n gebrek aan besorgdheid en samewerking wat lei tot hoë vlakke van omgewingsdegradasie in en rondom Okahandja. Dit lyk of die kinders ’n ‘gebalanseerde’ wêreldbeskouing van die omgewing het, want hulle glo dat die natuurlike omgewing beskerm moet word, maar tog gebruik moet word om menselewens te onderhou. Die belangrikheid van positiewe rolmodelle soos ouers en onderwysers het uitgestaan. Daar word aanbeveel dat omgewingsopvoeding en –bewustheid op drie vlakke, naamlik ouer-, skool- en gemeenskapsvlak geïmplementeer moet word.
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Couvidat, Florian. "Modélisation des particules organiques dans l'atmosphère". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00778086.

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La formation des aérosols organiques dans l'atmosphère est étudiée via le développement d'un nouveau modèle de formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires nommé H²O (Hydrohilic/Hydrophobic Organics). Dans un premier temps, une paramétrisation de la formation d'aérosols via l'oxydation de l'isoprène est développée. Cette paramétrisation prend notamment en compte l'influence des concentrations d'oxydes d'azote sur la formation d'aérosols et leurs propriétés hydrophiles. Ensuite, H²O incluant cette paramétrisation et d'autres développements est évalué par comparaison aux mesures de carbone organique sur l'Europe. Prendre en compte les émissions de composés semi-volatils primaires gazeux (qui peuvent former des aérosols organiques secondaires après oxydation ou se condenser lors de baisses de température) améliore les performances du modèle de manière significative. En revanche, si les émissions de ces composés ne sont pas prises en compte, il en résulte une très forte sous-estimation des concentrations d'aérosols organiques en hiver. La formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires sur l'Île-de-France durant la campagne d'été de Megapoli (juillet 2009) a aussi été simulée pour évaluer les performances du modèle en zone urbaine. H²O donne de bons résultats sur l'Île-de-France bien que le modèle prévoit un pic d'aérosols organiques, provenant des émissions du trafic durant les heures de pointe, qui n'apparaît pas dans les mesures. La présence de ce pic dans les résultats du modèle peut être due à la sous-estimation de la volatilité des composés semi-volatils primaires. Il est aussi possible que les composés organiques primaires et les composés organiques secondaires ne se mélangent pas et que les composés semi-volatils primaires ne peuvent pas se condenser sur un aérosol organique majoritairement secondaire et très oxydé. Enfin, l'impact de la chimie aqueuse est étudié. Le mécanisme utilisé inclue notamment, la formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires dans la phase aqueuse des nuages par oxydation du glyoxal, du méthylglyoxal, de la méthacroleine et de la méthyl-vinyl-cétone, la formation de méthyltétrols dans la phase aqueuse des particules ou des gouttes d'eau des nuages et le vieillissement des aérosols organiques dans un nuage. L'impact des dépôts humides sur la formation d'aérosols est aussi étudié pour mieux caractériser l'impact des nuages sur les concentrations d'aérosols organiques
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Lannuque, Victor. "Formation de l’aérosol organique secondaire dans les modèles de qualité de l’air : développement d’une paramétrisation sur la base de simulations explicites". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1129.

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L’oxydation gazeuse des composés organiques émis dans l’atmosphère mène à la formation de milliers de composés organiques secondaires (COS). Une fraction de ces COS est peu volatile, et peut se partager entre la phase gazeuse et la phase particulaire formant ainsi des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS). Les AOS contribuent majoritairement à la composition des particules, participant entre 20 et 80 % à la masse totale des aérosols fins et influencent ainsi leurs impacts sur l’environnement, en particulier sur la qualité de l’air et le climat. Ces impacts sont quantifiés à l’aide de modèles de chimie-transport (CTM). Les comparaisons avec les mesures in situ montrent que les variations spatiales et temporelles de la masse d’AOS ne sont pas correctement simulées par les CTM. Dans ces modèles, la formation d’AOS est représentée de façon simplifiée à l'aide de paramétrisations empiriques développées sur la base d'observations en chambres de simulation atmosphérique. Il est donc primordial de repenser et d’améliorer la représentation des aérosols organiques dans les CTM pour diagnostiquer l’origine de la pollution atmosphérique par les particules fines, améliorer la fiabilité de la prévision des épisodes de pollution et évaluer l'impact des aérosols sur l'environnement. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de :• explorer l’influence des conditions environnementales sur la formation et les propriétés des AOS,• développer une nouvelle paramétrisation de formation de l’AOS sur la base d’une représentation déterministe de la chimie atmosphérique,• évaluer cette paramétrisation en CTM par comparaison avec des mesures in-situ.Les modèles déterministes permettent de représenter la non-linéarité des processus de formation de l'AOS. Le modèle déterministe GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) est un outil de modélisation numérique qui intègre les données élémentaires (cinétiques et thermodynamiques) issues des études en laboratoire. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, des scénarios d’oxydation en conditions environnementales ont été développés et GECKO-A a été utilisé pour étudier l’impact des facteurs environnementaux (température, teneur en NOx, ensoleillement...) sur la formation et les propriétés des AOS. Sur la base de ces simulations, une nouvelle paramétrisation pour la formation d’AOS a été développée: VBS-GECKO. L’évaluation de la VBS-GECKO en modèle de boîte a montré une bonne reproduction des concentrations en aérosols organiques (AO) avec une RMSE inférieure à 20%. La VBS-GECKO a été intégrée au CTM CHIMERE pour simuler les concentrations estivales d’AO au dessus de l’Europe. Son utilisation conduit à une sensible amélioration de la masse d’AO simulée par rapport à la paramétrisation de référence utilisée dans CHIMERE. La VBS-GECKO a également été utilisé pour étudier (i) les sources et propriétés des AOS et (ii) différentes représentation des émissions de composés organiques semi-volatils et de volatilité intermédiaire par le trafic routier
The gaseous oxidation of organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere leads to the formation of thousands of secondary organic compounds (SOC). A fraction of these SOC is low volatile, and can partition between the gaseous phase and the particulate phase, forming secondary organic aerosols (SOA). The SOA are a main component of the particles, representing between 20% and 80% of the total mass of fine aerosols. Therefore, SOA contribute to the impact of aerosols on the environment, in particular air quality and climate. The quantification of the SOA impacts is estimated using chemical-transport models (CTM). Comparisons with in situ measurements show that the spatial and temporal variations of SOA mass are not correctly simulated by CTM. In these models, the SOA formation is represented in a simplified way, using empirical parameterizations developed on the basis of observations performed in atmospheric simulation chambers. Improving the representation of organic aerosols in CTM is therefore required to diagnose the origin of air pollution by fine particles, improve the reliability of pollution episode prediction and assess the impact of aerosols on the environment. The objectives of this thesis are :• to explore the influence of environmental conditions on SOA formation and properties,• to develop a new parameterization of SOA formation based on a deterministic representation of atmospheric chemistry,• to evaluate this parameterization in CTM by comparison with in-situ measurements. Deterministic models represent the non-linearity of SOA formation processes. The model GECKO-A (Generator for Explicit Chemistry and Kinetics of Organics in the Atmosphere) is a numerical modelling tool that integrates the elementary data (kinetics and thermodynamics) from laboratory studies. In this thesis, oxidation scenarios representative of various environmental conditions were developed and GECKO-A was used to study the impact of environmental factors (temperature, NOx concentrations, solar radiations, etc.) on the formation and the properties of the SOA. On the basis of these simulations, a new parameterization for SOA formation was developed: VBS-GECKO. The evaluation of the VBS-GECKO in box model has shown a good reproduction of the organic aerosol (OA) concentrations with RMSE lesser than 20%.The VBS-GECKO was integrated into the CHIMERE CTM to simulate summer concentrations of OA over Europe. Simulated OA are significantly improved compared to the reference parameterization used in CHIMERE. The VBS-GECKO was also used to study (i) the sources and properties of SOA and (ii) different representations of emissions of semi-volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds by road traffic
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Simon, Leïla. "Détermination des sources de composés organiques (gazeux et particulaires) en Ile-de-France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ011.

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Afin d'approfondir les connaissances sur la qualité de l'air et la chimie atmosphérique en Ile-de-France, il est nécessaire de documenter la nature et la variabilité des polluants atmosphériques sur le long terme. La station péri-urbaine du SIRTA (intégrée à l'infrastructure de recherche européenne ACTRIS) héberge des instruments de mesure permettant le suivi en continu des propriétés physico-chimiques des particules en suspension et de certains gaz réactifs inorganiques depuis une dizaine d'années. Des questions restent néanmoins encore ouvertes sur les origines de l'aérosol organique secondaire, et plus particulièrement sur son lien avec ses précurseurs gazeux, les composés organiques volatils (COV). Alors qu'ils jouent un rôle important dans la chimie de l'atmosphère, ces derniers n'étaient jusqu'alors pas mesurés sur le long-terme au SIRTA.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à mieux caractériser la pollution organique en Ile-de-France. Cela passe par la mesure de COV en temps réel venant compléter le panel de mesures existantes, ainsi que l'application et l'évaluation de méthodes pour la détermination des sources de polluants organiques adaptées au long-terme.Pour ce faire, des mesures par spectrométrie de masse (PTR-MS), encore très peu utilisée au sein d'ACTRIS, ont été mises en place au SIRTA dans le cadre de cette thèse. Les chaînes de traitement de données automatisé ont été améliorées et adaptées pour le long terme et un contrôle qualité rigoureux a été appliqué aux données de 2020 et 2021. Ces deux premières années de mesures ont ensuite été étudiées en termes de variabilités journalières et saisonnières. Le rôle joué par les conditions météorologiques et par l'origine des masses d'air est particulièrement illustré par les résultats obtenus lors des confinements de 2020. L'influence de sources anthropiques a été observée pour les monoterpènes, composés habituellement identifiés comme biogéniques en site périurbain.Le modèle source-récepteur Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) est classiquement utilisé pour la détermination des sources de polluants atmosphériques (aérosols ou COV), mais certaines limites existent pour son application sur le long-terme. Pour dépasser ces limitations, de nouvelles options existent et ont été testées lors de cette thèse. En particulier, les données COV ont servi de marqueurs pour l'analyse des sources de l'aérosol organique en été, par la création d'un jeu de données combiné unifié. Cette méthodologie complexe a été mise en œuvre ici pour la première fois avec ce type d'instruments. Elle a été adaptée au jeu de données du SIRTA, permettant de mieux déconvoluer l'aérosol organique oxygéné par rapport à une méthode classique, et par conséquent de le relier à ses sources/processus respectifs, notamment en distinguant des processus de jour et de nuit
To refine the knowledge on air quality and atmospheric chemistry in the Paris region, it is essential to document the nature and variability of atmospheric pollutants on the long term. The suburban SIRTA station (integrated to the European infrastructure ACTRIS) has been hosting instruments for the continuous measurement of physicochemical properties of suspended particles and of some inorganic reactive gases for a decade. Nonetheless, questions remain open on the origins of secondary organic aerosol and more specifically the link with its precursor gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC). Although their play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, VOC were hitherto not measured on the long term at SIRTA.In this context, this thesis aims at better characterizing organic pollution in the Paris region. This involves the measurement of VOC in real time to complete the panel of existing measurements, as well as the application and evaluation of methods for the source apportionment of organic pollutants adapted to long term studies.For this purpose, measurements using mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), still very little used within ACTRIS, were setup at SIRTA as part of this thesis. Automated data treatment was improved and adapted for the long term and a rigorous quality control was applied to 2020 and 2021. These first two years of measurements were then studied in terms of diel and seasonal variabilities. The role played by meteorological conditions and air masses was particularly illustrated by results obtained during the lockdowns in 2020. An influence of anthropogenic sources was observed for monoterpenes, compounds usually identified as biogenic in suburban sites.The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) source-receptor model is classically used for the source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants (aerosol or VOC), but some limits exist for its long-term application. To overcome these limitations, new options exist and were tested during this thesis. Particularly, VOC were used as organic markers for the analysis of organic aerosol sources in summer, by creating a unified combined dataset. This complex methodology was implemented here for the first time with this type of instruments. It was adapted to the SIRTA dataset, allowing a better deconvolution of oxygenated organic aerosol compared to a classical method, and consequently to link it to its respective sources/processes, especially by distinguishing daytime and nighttime processes
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Zhang, Zhenhua. "Plant growth and nutrient removal in simulated secondary-treated municipal wastewater in wetland microcosmos". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0141.

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[Truncated abstract] The use of constructed wetlands for tertiary purification of municipal wastewater has received increasing attention around the world because direct discharge of secondary-treated municipal wastewater to water bodies has caused eutrophication. Plant species selection and vegetation management may enhance nutrient removal efficiency in constructed wetlands. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the relations between plant growth and nutrient removal efficiency in constructed wetlands. The objective of this study is to better understand how plant growth and resource allocation are influenced by nutrients in wastewater and how nutrient removal efficiencies are affected by plant species and vegetation management. The preliminary experiment was conducted to select macrophytes, especially ornamental species, to grow in the wastewater in the wetland microcosms. Ten plant species, comprising six ornamental species: Alocasia macrorrhiza, Canna indica, Iris louisiana, Lythrum sp., Zantedeschia aethiopica, Zantedeschia sp., and four sedge species: Baumea articulate, Baumea juncea, Carex tereticaulis and Schoenoplectus validus, were planted in the wetland microcosms and fed a simulated wastewater solution in the concentrations similar to the secondary-treated municipal wastewater. C. indica has shown vigorous and healthy growth, and a relatively high potential of rooting-zone aeration and nutrient removal efficiency. B. articulata and S. validus also showed relatively high nutrient removal efficiency. ... The high nutrient availability and optimum N/P ratio were required for stimulating plant growth, resulting in allocation of more resources to above-ground tissues compared to below-ground parts, and enhancing nutrient removal efficiency. Nutrient removal efficiencies were significantly influenced by growth of C. indica and S. validus, nutrient loading rates and N/P ratios in the wastewater. The nutrient uptake kinetics of C. indica and S. validus were investigated to elucidate the differences in nutrient uptake between species. Wetland plant species have shown differential nutrient uptake efficiency and different preferences for inorganic N source, with C. indica preferring NO3-N and S. validus preferring NH4-N. C. indica had greater capacity than S. validus to take up PO4-P when the concentration of PO4-P in the solution was relatively low, whereas S. validus was more capable than C. indica to take up NO3-N when the concentration of NO3-N in the solution was relatively low. The PO4-P uptake capacity was higher in younger than older plants. Overall, the study has suggested that different plant species have differential capacity to take up nutrients. In addition to nutrient uptake, plants have significant other roles in terms of nutrient removal from the wastewater (such as leaking oxygen into the rhizosphere in which oxidation of substances like ammonia can occur). The properly high nutrient availability and optimum N/P ratio are required to stimulate the plant growth, resulting in enhancing the treatment performance in the wetlands. These findings have important implications for improving our ability to engineer ecological solutions to the problems associated with nutrient-rich wastewater.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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Corporation, Science Applications International, e United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water., eds. Co-occurrence of drinking water contaminants: Primary and secondary constituents : draft report. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1999.

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K, Flohr Marta J., e Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Secondary mineralogy of altered rocks, Summitville Mine, Colorado. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water., ed. Co-occurrence of drinking water contamination: Initial tables of statistical analysis of secondary constituents. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1999.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water, ed. Co-occurrence of drinking water contamination: Initial tables of statistical analysis of secondary constituents. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, 1999.

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Nelson, Peter O. Acid rain buffering potential in Oregon Cascade lakes: Secondary mineral solubility control of solution ionic composition. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Research Institute, Oregon State University, 1985.

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Greater Vancouver (B.C.), ed. Let's clear the air: Intermediate air quality education program. Burnaby, B.C: Greater Vancouver Regional District, 1993.

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Lloyd-Kolkin, Donna. Entering adulthood.: A curriculum for grades 9-12. Santa Cruz, CA: Network Publications, 1991.

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Lloyd-Kolkin, Donna. Entering adulthood.: A curriculum for grades 9-12. Santa Cruz, CA: Network Publications, 1991.

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Hayward, Geoff. Applied ecology. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1992.

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Fuksman, I. L. Vlii͡a︡nie prirodnykh i antropogennykh faktorov na metabolizm veshchestv vtorichnogo proiskhozhdenii͡a︡ u drevesnykh rasteniĭ. Petrozavodsk: Karelʹskiĭ nauchnyĭ t͡s︡entr RAN, 2002.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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Harrison, R. M. "Secondary pollutants". In Handbook of Air Pollution Analysis, 343–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4083-3_7.

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Adetuyi, Babatunde Oluwafemi, John Tsado Mathew, Abel Inobeme, Yetunde Olaitan Falana, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Mohd Shahnawaz, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Eniola K.I.T. e Mohammed Bello Yerima. "Sources, Uses and Transport of Secondary Microplastics from Land to Marine Environment". In Microplastic Pollution, 35–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8357-5_3.

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Tiedemann, A. v., e H. Fehrmann. "Secondary Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Cereals: Alterations in Susceptibility to Fungal Leaf Diseases". In Air Pollution and Ecosystems, 653–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_75.

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Gurme, Swati T., Mahendra L. Ahire, Jaykumar J. Chavan e Pankaj S. Mundada. "The Influence of Environmental Pollution on Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants". In Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 165–72. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003178866-9.

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Deepti, Archana (Joshi) Bachheti, Piyush Bhalla, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti e Azamal Husen. "Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants, and Production of Secondary Metabolites under Ozone Pollution". In Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 25–38. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003178866-2.

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Pandey, Saumya. "Biotechnological Studies of Medicinal Plants to Enhance Production of Secondary Metabolites under Environmental Pollution". In Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 177–87. New York: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003178866-10.

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Duca, Gheorghe, Maria Gonţa e Aliona Mereuţa. "Processing and Valorization of Secondary Winery Products". In The Role of Ecological Chemistry in Pollution Research and Sustainable Development, 197–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2903-4_21.

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Knote, Christoph, Alma Hodzic, Jose L. Jimenez, Rainer Volkamer, John J. Orlando, Sunil Baidar, Jerome Brioude et al. "Novel Pathways to Form Secondary Organic Aerosols: Glyoxal SOA in WRF/Chem". In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII, 149–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1_24.

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Schroedner, Roland, Ralf Wolke, Andreas Tilgner e Hartmut Herrmann. "The Influence of Cloud Chemical Processes on the Formation of Secondary Particulate Matter". In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII, 97–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1_16.

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Ots, Riinu, Anthony Dore, Y. Sim Tang, Christine F. Braban, Massimo Vieno e Mark Sutton. "Modelling Past and Future Changes in Secondary Inorganic Aerosol Concentrations in the UK". In Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXIII, 179–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1_29.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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Bayo, J., J. M. Angosto e P. Ayala. "Disinfection efficiency of secondary effluents with ultraviolet light in a Mediterranean area". In WATER POLLUTION 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp080501.

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Al-Salem, M. S., A. Al-Haddad e A. Rehman Khan. "Chemical processes effect on ambient air quality: modelling and primary/secondary pollutants monitoring study". In AIR POLLUTION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air070281.

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Tong, H., G. Zhu e W. Mao. "Development of EMI shielding materials characterized by low secondary electromagnetic radiation pollution". In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987382.

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Miele, R. "Impacts of full secondary treatment at the joint water pollution control plant". In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160123.

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Klosok-Bazan, Iwona. "SECONDARY POLLUTION IN THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OPOLE CITY". In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.111.

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Sivak, A., e Y. Yatsenko. "Assessment of Ground Layer Air Pollution by Radioactive Aerosols as a Result of Secondary Wind Uprising". In 17th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2023520243.

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Cosselman, Kristen, Ying Lai, Teal Hallstrand, James Macdonald, Theo Bammler, Timothy Larson e Joel Kaufman. "Primary and secondary transcriptional effects of traffic-related air pollution in human lung and coronary artery cells". In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1199.

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Tong, Xin, Wenhao Shen e Xiaoquan Chen. "Quantitative Studies of Ambient Gases in Pulp and Paper Mills and Their Degradation with Photo-catalytic Oxidation Technology". In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Oxford 2017. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2017.1.409.

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In order to reduce gaseous pollution emissions and achieve the goal of cleaner production in paper industry, in this study, (I) First, the concentrations of four potential compositions of gaseous pollutants, TVOC, HCHO, H2S and CxHy, in the ambient air on 30 sampling sites in 5 pulp and paper mills were analysed. The analysed results were discussed in the following aspects: (a) the levels of four gaseous pollutants on all the sampling sites in five mills; (b) gaseous pollution differences due to different production processes; (c) gaseous pollution comparisons on the common sites. (II) Secondly, the compositions of VOCs in a secondary fiber paper mill were determined with GC-MS method. The main identified substances in the four sites were as follows: (a) waste paper sorting room: alkanes, phenols and esters; (b) paper machine hall: benzene homologues, alkanes, ethers and phenols; (c) vacuum pulp outlet: benzene homologues and phenols; (d) office area: benzene homologues and phenols. (III) Third and last, aiming a the detected formaldehyde and benzene pollutants, a photo-catalytic reactor was developed and its performance with respect to degradation was studied. The performance tests of reactor showed that both formaldehyde and benzene could be completely degraded, but the degradation time for benzene was much longer than that for formaldehyde.
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Bunina, A. Ya, O. T. Azimov e Ye M. Dorofey. "Application of geoinformation approach to the study of secondary migration of the pollutants from the industrial pollution sources". In 16th International Conference on Geoinformatics - Theoretical and Applied Aspects. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201701875.

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Liudchik, A. M., E. A. Melnik e P. N. Paulenka. "ANTHROPOGENIC AIR POLLUTION WITH CARBON OXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDES IN THE CITIES OF BELARUS". In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-155-158.

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Data on the seasonal course of concentrations in the surface air of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide are presented, as well as a secondary pollutant - ozone in the regional cities of Belarus and the Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve in different years. Concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants are usually the lowest in summer and maximum in winter, while the ground-level ozone concentration is maximum in the spring-summer period and minimum in winter.
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Secondary pollution"

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The Experience of Latin America and the Caribbean in Urbanization: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, março de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007004.

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The developing region that has experienced one of the greatest urban growth in the world is Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). More than 80% of its population currently lives in cities and this figure is projected to reach 90% in 25 years. As part of this process, we can identify different urbanization trends across the region: slow growth rates of megacities due to lower levels of rural-urban migration and greater intra-city migration; high growth rates of mid-size cities; and urban footprints growing faster than populations. Therefore, this more contained growth in larger cities, the existence of a 'demographic bonus'in the next 30 years, and new poles of development in secondary cities offer new opportunities to grow in a more sustainable and equitable way while addressing existing challenges in cities. Rapid urban growth in the countries of LAC has posed a series of challenges that cities, especially intermediate cities, must address to ensure their sustainability in the coming years. Those challenges include limited mobility, poor urban planning, pollution, increased vulnerability to natural hazards, inequity, lack of compliance with labor and building regulations, unemployment, crime, and weak institutional and fiscal capacity, among others. These conditions undermine cities' sustainability and reduce the quality of life of their inhabitants. Given this context, the Bank has developed the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) as a particular approach to help mid-size cities understand their challenges and address them in a more integrated way based upon a model of efficiency in planning and the use of resources that prioritizes sustainability and a higher quality of life for all citizens. The ESCI's action-oriented methodology prioritizes projects in critical areas for sustainability, promoting a better quality of life by strengthening planning, incorporating climate change features, and ensuring citizenship engagement. From the ESCI's experience in more than 20 cities in LAC, important lessons have been learned: introducing adaptation and mitigation measures is an opportunity to address environmental issues and limit the impact of climate change; urban economic development should be based on dense, compact, efficient cities, with mixed land use, and concrete actions to generate productive employment; planning should be considered a basic tool for sustainable urban development and growth; and finally, fiscal capacity should be strengthened with greater access to financial resources and connectivity. Cities that cannot provide an adequate quality of live and preserve physical and environmental assets for future generations will not be competitive. These cities will have a tough time attracting investments and generating productive jobs. As a result of ESCI's learning process, we have realized that it is necessary to examine in a more direct and detailed manner the competitiveness of a city proposing concrete actions to increase investments and to generate productive employment. Involving civil society in city planning and engaging the private sector in urban infrastructure services are also key ingredients of a competitive and successful city. As part of the Bank's knowledge dissemination series, this document exhibits the Latin American and Caribbean experience in terms of urbanization, the identification of the challenges posed by this trend, the IDB's approach to promote the sustainability of LAC mid-size urban centers, the lessons learned from how those challenges are being solved, and their impact on medium-term sustainability of cities and their quality of life.
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