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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Hug, Marc. "Pertinence du quantitatif : emplois de quand". Scolia 13, n.º 1 (2000): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/scoli.2000.1220.
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L'examen d'un gros corpus textuel montre que parmi les emplois de quand comme parmi ceux des autres adverbes interrogatifs partiels, la forme dite “à inversion” (simple, en général) est largement dominante, alors que la forme en est-ce que, qui est la deuxième forme généralement illustrée et recommandée par la grammaire scolaire, apparait fort rarement. Une enquête d'usage comportant des phrases interrogatives en quand fournit en gros les mêmes résultats, mais donne à la forme en est-ce que un meilleur score. L'explication de cette contradiction apparente se trouve probablement dans la forme syntaxique des questions choisies dans l'enquête et dans l'ambigüité inhérente au mot quand.
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Duplan, Patrice. "Pertinence de la création d’un score de suivi des épaules opérées le FUNSS « Follow-Up Nice Shoulder Score »". Kinésithérapie, la Revue 15, n.º 158 (fevereiro de 2015): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.kine.2014.11.027.
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Trojani, C., M. Ferdinand, H. Elhor, K. Bouacida, M. Carles e P. Boileau. "Quel outil pour évaluer le bénéfice fonctionnel d’une méniscectomie ? Pertinence du score IKDC subjectif". Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 98, n.º 8 (dezembro de 2012): S457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2012.10.053.
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Paillot, C. M., P. Ingrand e N. Jaafari. "Pertinence clinique du calcul d’un score global à l’échelle de Conscience des Troubles Mentaux (SUMD)". Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique 169, n.º 7 (agosto de 2011): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2011.06.015.
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Elfirdoussi, Selwa, Zahi Jarir e Mohamed Quafafou. "Ranking Web Services using Web Service Popularity Score". International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.2014040105.
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Due to the increase of published Web Services (WSs), finding the suitable WS that satisfies the user goals among discovered WSs still needs deep investigations. Certainly, QoS requirements represent a more appropriate and decisive factor to distinguish similar WSs. A lot of research efforts in this direction have been made but are still limited due to the complexity and diversity of QoS constraints. The novelty of our approach lies in its simplicity since it is based on WS Popularity Score (WSPS). This score is computed using an algorithm based on both user's requirements and quality measures of each discovered WSs such as pertinence, age, frequency, etc. The paper reports a validation of the proposed algorithm, its implementation and evaluation trough Information Extraction (IE), in order to illustrate, and assess the convenience of our approach.
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Verma, A. A., U. C. Rajput e A. A. Kinikar. "Pertinence of score for neonatal acute physiology-II to prognosticate mortality and organ dysfunction in neonatal sepsis". Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 71 (25 de fevereiro de 2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijms_20_2019.
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Introduction: The present investigation was undertaken to correlation between mortality and morbidity (organ dysfunction [OD]) and score for neonatal acute physiology-II (SNAP-II). Materials and Methods: A prospective investigation of newborns neonates, a total 157 neonates 82 male (52.2%), female 75 (47.8%) were enrolled and disunited into four groups according to gestational age: 28 to 30 weeks (G1), 31 to 33 (G2) 34 to 36 weeks (G3) and >37 weeks (G4) variables analyzed were SNAP II. Results and Discussion: The receiver operating characteristic curve for SNAP-II score and death is more predictive in correlation to OD (area under curve of death is 0.776 as compared to 0.553 for OD). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of SNAP-II score with mortality (outcome) were 42.8%, 100%, 100%, and 82.3%, respectively. Conclusion: The SNAP-II revealed efficient to fantabulous ≥40 can prognosticate OD and death when applied on admission to neonates with sepsis.
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Boiro, D., M. Gueye, P. M. Faye, A. Sow, A. D. S. Bouda, A. Cisse, A. A. Ndongo et al. "Pertinence du score morphologique de FINNSTRÖM pour la détermination de l’âge gestationnel des nouveau-nés dans les pays sous-développés". Journal de Pédiatrie et de Puériculture 33, n.º 4 (agosto de 2020): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpp.2019.09.005.
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Quinaud, Ricardo Teixeira, Ana Flávia Backes, Daiane Cardoso da Silva, Juarez Vieira do Nascimento, Valmor Ramos e Michel Milistetd. "Construção e validação do conteúdo do questionário dos conhecimentos e competências do treinador - QCCT". Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 20, n.º 3 (20 de junho de 2018): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n3p318.
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The validation of this questionnaire is an important tool for analyzing the knowledge and skills of coaches, as well as a better understanding of their practice context. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish the content validity of the Coaches’ Knowledge and Competence Questionnaire (CKCQ). Five specialists with doctorate degree for at least 10 years, academic experience and periodicity of publications with the theme in national and international journals participated in the validation process. Specialists evaluated 38 items of the questionnaire and assigned a score on a 1-5 point likert scale for each item in the language clarity, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance criteria. The content validity coefficient (CVC) was used to determine the CVCI of items and the CVCt of the total instrument of each criterion, adopting cutoff point of 0.81. The approximate results found for language clarity (0.92), practical pertinence (0.99) and theoretical relevance (0.98) presented values considered almost perfect and appropriate for validation. The content validation of the CKCQ is an important alternative for the evaluation of the knowledge and competences of sports coaches.
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El Miedany, Y., M. H. Abu-Zaid, S. A. Mahran, M. Elgaafary, M. Elwy, W. Hassan, S. Saber, S. A. A. Tabra e W. Elwakil. "POS0482 PATIENT CENTERED- TREAT TO TARGET- DISEASE SPECIFIC GUIDELINES: EXPANDING THE PERTINENCE OF CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES TO PATIENTS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de maio de 2023): 502.1–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.1082.
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BackgroundAlthough all patients present unique biopsychosocial contexts, the care of inflammatory arthritis patients is particularly complicated by the interaction of multiple factors. Advocates of patient- centered care identify that the best way to manage complex patients is through comprehensive treatment strategies that can adapt to the nuances of individual contexts. Recently published disease specific, patient centered national clinical guidelines for inflammatory arthritis [1] represent a model of care that can be fit for standard, disease-oriented patients’ management.ObjectivesTo assess for the outcomes of indiscriminately implementing individual, disease-specific treatment strategies in standard clinical practice for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis and its impact on the disease activity measures as well as patient reported outcomes.MethodsA 12-month multicenter, randomized study compared standard care with patient-centered, Treat to Target (T2T) management of inflammatory arthritis. All patients completed patient reported outcome measures [2]. Regular appointments were delivered by specially trained rheumatologists who kept a record of the clinical assessments, medication titration, patient reported outcomes, self-management, psychosocial support and motivation score. The primary outcome was 12-month remission assessed using the Disease Activity Score for 28 joints using ESR (DAS28-ESR). Secondary outcomes included fatigue, functional disability, quality of life and motivation levels.Results297 rheumatoid arthritis patients were screened and randomized (149 Treat to Target management; 148 standard care); 269 (90.6%) patients had their 12-month outcomes completed. Patient centered treat to target management increased DAS28-ESR 12-month remissions compared to standard care (43% vs 22%, p = 0.004). Patient centered T2T management also significantly increased prevalence of those who achieved DAS28-ESR low disease activity scores. (38% vs 23%, p = 0.005). In addition, it substantially improved patients’ functional ability (0.4 + 0.2 Vs 1.1 + 0.3, p< 0.01), quality of life (0.6 + 0.2 Vs 1.2 + 0.5, p< 0.01), reduced fatigue (4.2 + 1.3 Vs 6.8 + 1.6, p< 0.01). Motivation score was higher in the T2T cohort (8.4 + 1.3 Vs 5.7 + 2.1, p< 0.05). There was no evidence that serious adverse events (patient centered T2T management =14 vs standard care =12) or other adverse events (112 vs 106) differed in both groups.ConclusionMore patients achieve the treatment target of remissions or low disease activity status. There were greater improvements in patient reported outcomes, functional ability, fatigue as well as motivation. In the meantime, there were no more harms. Patient centered T2T clinical guidelines are able to provide condition-specific guidance on how one would optimally manage a disease tailored to the individual patient’s requirements.References[1]El Miedany Y. et al, Egyptian guidelines for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis — 2022 update. Egypt Rheumatol Rehabil 2022; 49: 56.[2]El Miedany Y. et al. development and validation of a questionnaire for inflammatory arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2010; 28(5):734-44.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Fochtmann, A., H. Binder, G. Rettl, J. Starlinger, O. Aszmann, K. Sarahrudi e S. Hajdu. "Fractures ouvertes Gustilo 3 et amputations sub-totales ou totales du membre supérieur : résultats et pertinence du MESS « Mangled Extremity Severity Score »". Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique 102, n.º 6 (outubro de 2016): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rcot.2016.04.015.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Robin, Christine. "Infections fongiques compliquant les hémopathies et les greffes de cellules souches : incidence, facteurs de risque, mortalité, et développement de scores prédictifs décisionnels pour améliorer la pertinence des prophylaxies". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0056/document.
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Les infections fongiques sont une complication fréquente des patients d’hématologie et en particulier des patients ayant reçu un greffe de cellules souches hématopoïétiques (CSH). L’objectif de ce travail était d’identifier les facteurs de risque d’infections fongiques intrinsèques et la transmission.Nous avons d’abord étudié l’aspergillose invasive (AI) qui est l’infection fongique la plus fréquente chez les greffés de CSH en croisant les données du registre européen des greffés ProMise et la base de données de l’étude prospective SAIF. Nous avons mené une étude cas-témoins nichée dans une cohorte de 185 cas et 651 témoins appariés. Les facteurs associés à la survenue d’une aspergillose étaient l’irradiation corporelle totale, une GvH aiguë de grade ≥2 et la rechute de l’hémopathie. Trente-cinq cas étaient précoces (J100). Le facteur associé à la survenue d’une AI précoce était l’absence de prise de greffe. Le facteur associé à la survenue d’une AI tardive était la GvH aiguë de grade 3-4. Les facteurs associés à la survenue d’une AI très tardive étaient la GvH aiguë de grade ≥2, la rechute et la neutropénie secondaire. Tous les facteurs pré-greffe étaient effacés par les facteurs post-greffe.Puis nous avons étudié la transmission d’infection fongique par l’étude d’une épidémie de pneumocystose survenue dans le service. Douze cas de pneumocystose sont survenus en 7 mois dans le service soir beaucoup plus qu’au cours des années précédentes. L’analyse moléculaire a permis de montrer que 4 cas appartenaient au même génotype, qui est un génotype rare jamais décrit dans une série de plus de 300 génotypes en Europe. La carte de transmission a permis de constater que ces 4 patients se sont rencontrés uniquement en hôpital de jour. Cette étude est la première démonstration moléculaire d’une épidémie de pneumocystose dans un service d’hématologieFungal infections are a common complication of hematology patients and especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. The objective of this work was to identify intrinsic risk factors for fungal infections and transmission.We first studied invasive aspergillosis (IA), which is the most common fungal infection after HSCT by crossing data from the European HSCT registry ProMise and the prospective study database SAIF. We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 185 cases and 651 matched controls. Factors associated with onset of aspergillosis were total body irradiation, acute GVHD grade ≥2, and relapse of the underlying disease. Thirty-five IA were early ( D100). The factor associated with the occurrence of an early IA was the absence of engraftment. The factor associated with the occurrence of late IA was acute grade 3-4 GvH. Factors associated with the occurrence of very late IA were acute GVHD grade ≥2, relapse, and secondary neutropenia. All pre-transplant factors were supplanted by post-transplant factors.Then we studied the transmission of fungal infection by studying a pneumocystosis outbreak occurring in the hematology department. Twelve cases occurred within 7 months. Molecular analysis showed that 4 of them belonged to the same genotype, which is a rare genotype never described in a series of more than 300 genotypes in Europe. The transmission map permitted to identify that these 4 patients met only in the daycare center. This study is the first molecular demonstration of a pneumocystis outbreak in a hematology ward
Livros sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Great, Britain Scottish Office Home and Health Department National Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting Advisory Committee. Health service developments and the scope of professional nursing practice: A review of pertinent literature. [Edinburgh]: National Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Advisory Committee, 1995.
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West, Bernice J. M. Health Service Developments and the Scope of Professional Nursing Practice: A Review of Pertinent Literature. The Stationery Office Books (Agencies), 1995.
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Dressler, Wolfgang U., e Lavinia Merlini Barbaresi. Pragmatics and Morphology. Editado por Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.20.
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Within a theory of morphopragmatics, we give an account of the relationship between morphology and pragmatics starting from two major theoretical premises: first, that pragmatics is not a secondary meaning derived from semantics—on the contrary we assume a priority of pragmatics over semantics—and second, that morphology is capable of a direct interface with pragmatics, not mediated through its semantics. Thus certain morphological patterns may generate autonomous pragmatic meanings, independently of their denotative power. Eligible patterns are primarily evaluative affixes (diminutives, augmentatives, pejoratives), familiarizers, like French -o, and hypocoristics, whose effects extend from the pertinent base word to the entire speech act. Other morphological elements, such as for example the Japanese honorific -masu and the Germanic and Hungarian excessive, limit their pragmatic scope to the word base. Some other morphological patterns are more marginal, for example feminine motional suffixes or pluralis maiestatis.
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Liberto, Hallie. Chemical Castration and the Violation of Sexual Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0011.
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This chapter provides a philosophical analysis of the use of chemical castration as a treatment or punishment for aggravated sexual crimes. Its aim is to strip chemical castration of its various associated problems (like its history, exemplified by the Turing case). Even its philosophical analysis is limited in scope, simply attempting to answer the question: Is the use of chemical castration on perpetrators of aggravated sexual crimes a violation of their moral rights? The author concludes that there is not a compelling reason for thinking that the use of chemical castration in these circumstances is a rights violation. Certainly, the pertinent bodily rights do not belong to a category that is non-forfeitable—as might have been supposed, just because chemical castration affects people sexually. Furthermore, it is not easy to explain why the method by which chemical castration changes an individual’s desires is more intrusive or morally problematic than the ways that many stimuli might change our desires.
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Tucker, Spencer C., ed. American Revolution. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400611797.
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Providing a kaleidoscope of resources and entries on the people, places, and events that coalesced into the American Revolution, this guide offers a concise introduction to one of the most famous revolutions ever fought. Though the American Revolution is often described within the thematic model of suppression versus freedom, the true significance of the event can be found in its nuances. Explicating complex issues, from slavery and the role of women to matters of diplomacy and strategic warfare, this guide offers comprehensive coverage of the American Revolution without oversimplifying its many facets. Entries on key documents like the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution help readers grasp the full scope of the revolution's catalysts as well as its achievements. Primary source documents also provide access to the revolution as experienced in real-time. Author Spencer C. Tucker, editor of ABC-CLIO's award-winning five-volume set American Revolution: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection, draws on his expertise to prepare the most pertinent entries on the American Revolution that both address its core elements and spur further research.
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Becker, Matthew L. Fundamental Theology. 2a ed. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567705730.
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Encyclopedic in scope, this book offers wide-ranging coverage of the foundational teachings and practices within the mainstream of the classical Christian tradition. It begins with their roots in the Scriptures, and also branches out into Eastern and Western Christianity, ancient, medieval, and modern, to the present-day. Part I provides an overview of some of these routes, then presents an historical survey of Christianity’s major traditions. Part II unpacks some of the character of that revelation, focusing particularly on epistemological and procedural questions. Finally, Part III looks at Christian theology in a university setting: the possibility and shape of theology as a university discipline, its major subfields, and its relations with humanities and the sciences respectively. Fundamental Theology: A Protestant Perspective, 2nd edition, includes a wide range of pedagogical features: - each chapter begins with an outline thesis statement, highlighted in bold - charts and graphs - relevant headings and subheadings employed throughout the book - keywords - provides a survey of pertinent reference literature - questions for review and discussion - annotated suggestions for further reading
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Application of the intervention Best-practices with rural NEETs. CA 18213: Rural NEET Youth Network: Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.babpneets.2022.05.
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Relatively few studies have investigated the strategies, policies, programmes, and projects concerning rural NEETs (namely, young people living in rural areas neither in employment nor in education or training). This special issue of Quality of Life Jour- nal is dedicated to fulfilling this gap in the literature. It contributes case studies from European Union (EU) member states. The primary purpose of this special issue is to approach and discuss the various strategies, policies, programmes, and projects appli- cable to youth rural NEETs. This special issue edition has sought to gather research papers (or critical, theoretical analysis on selected topics) covering NEETs strategies, policies, measures, programmes, and projects. These highlight the success factors and scope for transferability of good (or, how to avoid bad) practices. To that end, they examine pertinent labour market and NEET situations which can help to explain the context, reasons, and baseline for the various strategies and policy measures being implemented. They also cover assessment of NEET strategies by focusing on formal education, training and skills development, and active employment policies, in particular the role of Youth Guarantee in local/rural employment. Various other relevant factors are considered/examined, including: assessment of the NEET policy measures and results; objectives, target groups, geographical and sectoral scope in different economic activities, financial, legal and institutional frameworks; results and lessons learned, including adaptations due to crisis; domestic and international programmes, as well as numerous projects and instruments; difficulties and constraints; and, finally, assessment of the success factors and transferability of projects and strategies thereof
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Langford, Rosemary Teele. Company Directors’ Duties and Conflicts of Interest. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813668.001.0001.
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This book contains the most detailed multi-jurisdictional analysis of directors’ conflicts available drawing together relevant case law, codes and statutory regulation from the law applying to directors of companies incorporated under the UK Companies Acts, with extensive reference to the law in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong and New Zealand. The book provides comprehensive analysis of the conflicts faced by directors and includes the important areas of conflicts of interest, conflicts of duties, unauthorised profits, corporate opportunities, multiple directorships, nominee directorships, and conflicts involving stakeholders’ interests. Difficult aspects of these topics are analysed with reference to the laws of a range of common law jurisdictions. The extensive multi-jurisdictional analysis allows solutions to be presented in relation to difficult legal issues and enables clarification of the legal approach. In addition to detailed coverage and analysis of general law duties, the specific statutory duties are outlined and analysed including those concerning related party transactions. The UK Corporate Governance Code, and Guidance on Board Effectiveness, issued by the FRC in July 2018 are covered extensively. The book provides detail on fiduciary theory, the reach of the term ‘director’, consequences of a breach, remedies, authorisation and the role of disclosure. It also contains a detailed table of key cases concerning corporate opportunities which includes the pertinent facts, whether there was a breach of directors’ duties, and a summary of the important factors in the decision made. The cases are featured in order from instances representing clear breach to those in which no breach was found. The book is significant in its thorough coverage of general law and statutory duties relating to conflicts, and its clarification of the scope and application of currently complex and uncertain duties. It provides clear guidance to academics, practitioners, directors and regulators in each of the jurisdictions on the regulation of conflicts of interest and the implementation of good regulatory practice. This is a key reference work on this important and dynamic area of company law which provides careful analysis of the law set in a practical context.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Righi, Riccardo. "Information Flow Simulations in Multi-dimensional and Dynamic Systems". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 233–48. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23929-8_22.
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AbstractThe relevance of nodes with respect to the position they have in a network is often investigated with centrality measures. In particular, in cases where it is specifically meaningful to consider nodes’ ability to cumulate and convey information, like in economic systems, betweenness centrality is one of the most pertinent options because of its underlying concept. However, this statistic presents two limitations. First, as it relies on the computation of shortest paths, it is grounded on a binary topological evaluation: every time a node is not located in the shortest path between two other nodes, it gains no score at all in its centrality (even if it is located on a path just one step longer). Second, betweenness centrality does not allow the direct analysis of multi-dimensional and dynamic networks: it has to be computed one dimension and one instant at a time, and this causes problems of comparability in case of weighted connections. The scope and the originality of this work is to design a network model that makes it possible to solve these issues. The proposed Dynamic Multi-Layer Network (DMLN) allows the structural representation of the multi-dimensional and dynamic properties of nodes’ interactions. Then, this allows the computation of a metric that, based on Infomap random walks, assesses the level of information cumulated and conveyed by nodes in any moment and in any dimension of interaction. Importantly, this is performed without relying on a binary evaluation, and by jointly taking into account what occurred in all the dimensions and during the entire period, in which the system is observed. We present and discuss an implementation based on ICT worldwide trade of goods and services in the period 2004–2014.
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Reyes, Anselmo, e Till Haechler. "Anti-Corruption Laws and Investment Treaty Arbitration: An Asian Perspective". In Corruption and Illegality in Asian Investment Arbitration, 89–117. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9303-1_4.
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AbstractThere are multiple international agreements that require states to criminalise corruption. This chapter deals with the effects of such international anti-corruption agreements in the field of investment treaty arbitration. Focus will be placed on Asia. This Asian perspective is pertinent given the continued prevalence of corruption in many Asian jurisdictions, despite their growing economic importance. International agreements on corruption and their implementation in domestic law can have an unintended consequence in the field of investment treaty arbitration. This is because anti-corruption laws can provide states with an effective defence against an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction. This chapter concludes with a proposal on how this consequence can be tempered by applying to international investment law the more nuanced approach to illegality established in recent common law jurisprudence. The article will be divided into four sections. Section 4.2will survey multilateral and bilateral international agreements on corruption. Section 4.3 will discuss how international agreements on corruption have been implemented in the domestic laws of various Asian jurisdictions. It will consider differences in anti-corruption laws of Asian states and comment on whether such differences give rise to uncertainty as to the scope of corruption crimes. Section 4.4 will look into how host states can use anti-corruption laws as a means of evading the scrutiny by arbitral tribunals of confiscatory conduct. Section 4.5 will argue that the ‘all or nothing’ approach to investments tainted with corruption should be replaced with a balancing approach to illegality.
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Szturz, Petr, e Jan B. Vermorken. "Systemic Treatment Sequencing and Prediction of First-line Therapy Outcomes in Recurrent or Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer". In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 199–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23175-9_13.
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AbstractIn the palliative management of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who are not candidates for a complete resection or full-dose radiotherapy, systemic treatment has seen important advances over the past several decades. In general, there are six major factors impacting on the decision-making process. Four of them belong to a class of continuous functions and include overall health status (from fitness to frailty), disease burden (from high to low), pace of the disease (from fast to slow), and expression of programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1, from high to low). In addition, there are two categorical variables including disease site (e.g., locoregional recurrence versus metastatic) and platinum-sensitivity or resistance depending on disease-free interval after previous platinum-based therapy with a usual cut-off of 6 months. Taking into account these six factors and local drug policies, healthcare professionals opt either for 1) chemotherapy with or without cetuximab or 2) immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy. In platinum-sensitive cases, level I evidence based on data from the EXTREME and Keynote-048 randomized trials supports the use of the following three regimens. Biochemotherapy combining platinum, 5-fluorouracil, and cetuximab (the so-called EXTREME regimen) is suitable for fit patients with low PD-L1 expression measured as combined positive score (CPS). Higher CPS is predictive for improved overall survival when replacing cetuximab with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody (immunochemotherapy regimen). Further, Keynote-048 demonstrated activity of single-agent pembrolizumab in patients with high CPS values. The latter (third) treatment retained its efficacy in the elderly, suggesting possible advantage in less fit patients who otherwise receive best supportive care only or single-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy with dubious impact on survival. In selected patients, the TPEx regimen consisting of cisplatin, docetaxel, and cetuximab represents an alternative to EXTREME. Treatment choice can also be influenced by disease extension (site). Compared with disseminated cancer cases, presence of locoregional recurrence without distant metastases may have a negative predictive value for immune checkpoint inhibitors, while favouring biochemotherapy. If the tumour is deemed platinum-resistant, the only evidence-based systemic approach is monotherapy with either pembrolizumab or nivolumab, another anti-PD-1 antibody. Alternatively, being especially pertinent to resource-limited countries, a taxane with or without cetuximab can be prioritized. Obviously, the list of different treatment schedules is longer, but the level of supporting evidence is proportionally lower. One of modern approaches to multidisciplinary management of SCCHN patients is treatment sequencing. It should be understood as a deliberate process of treatment planning typically starting in the locally advanced setting and reaching beyond several treatment failures. This has been enabled by a growing portfolio of effective anticancer modalities complemented by progress in supportive care. Finally, all therapeutic interventions impact somehow on quality of life, either in a positive or negative way, and the choice of anticancer agents should therefore not be reduced to a simple estimate of survival benefit but should contain an adequate appraisal and understanding of individual patient’s situation comprising emotional and spiritual dimensions, cultural and financial aspects, and environmental, social, and educational contexts.
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Pramanik, Surapati, e Rama Mallick. "Extended GRA-Based MADM Strategy With Single-Valued Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers". In Neutrosophic Sets in Decision Analysis and Operations Research, 150–79. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2555-5.ch008.
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Multi-attribute decision-making(MADM) strategy has been proposed to handle uncertain decision-making problems. The most extensively used models of grey system theory is grey relational analysis (GRA). This strategy was flourished by Chinese Professor J. Deng. This strategy also known as Deng's grey incidence analysis model. GRA uses a generic concept of intelligence. It describes any circumstance as no information as black and perfect information as white. Nevertheless, these idealized situations appear in real-world problems. In this chapter, the authors extend GRA strategy for multi-attribute decision making in trapezoidal neutrosophic number (TrNN) environment. To develop a GRA strategy in trapezoidal neutrosophic number (TrNN) environment, the authors use score function and accuracy function. Then Hamming distance for two trapezoidal neutrosophic number (TrNN) are also described. The authors solve a numerical problem to explain the pertinence of the proposed strategy. Lastly, they provide a comparison between VIKOR strategy with existing strategy.
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Krausz, Michael. "Introduction". In The Interpretation of Music, 1–6. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198239581.003.0001.
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Abstract While musicians are engaged in the details of performing particular musical works, philosophers of music enquire into the presuppositions of the practice of musical interpretation. Yet there is a dialectical relationship between the practice of musical interpretation and philosophizing about it. Characteristically, interpreters of music entertain philosophical views (however inchoate) about musical interpretation. And philosophers of music—by taking certain cases as salient and describing them in certain ways—reveal their musical biases (however inchoate). For example, an interpreter’s decision whether to play one or, another version of a piece, whether he should make certain cuts, whether he should use one instrument or another, whether he should emphasize certain elements and de-emphasize others, in part depends upon certain philosophical convictions. How he deals with these sorts of decisions will involve his view on what a musical work is—for example, on whether it is fully embodied in a score, on how strictly all markings should be respected, on what pertinence historical research has to his performances, on how decisive is the role of a historical or reconstructed composer, and so on. In short, discourse about musical interpretation should be informed at both the practical and philosophical levels. This collection of essays by philosophers of music is offered as a contribution to one side of that dialectic relationship.
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Sayoud, Halim, e Siham Ouamour. "Pertinent Prosodic Features for Speaker Identification by Voice". In Advancing the Next-Generation of Mobile Computing, 227–41. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0119-2.ch015.
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Most existing systems of speaker recognition use “state of the art” acoustic features. However, many times one can only recognize a speaker by his or her prosodic features, especially by the accent. For this reason, the authors investigate some pertinent prosodic features that can be associated with other classic acoustic features, in order to improve the recognition accuracy. The authors have developed a new prosodic model using a modified LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) algorithm, which is called MLVQ (Modified LVQ). This model is composed of three reduced prosodic features: the mean of the pitch, original duration, and low-frequency energy. Since these features are heterogeneous, a new optimized metric has been proposed that is called Optimized Distance for Heterogeneous Features (ODHEF). Tests of speaker identification are done on Arabic corpus because the NIST evaluations showed that speaker verification scores depend on the spoken language and that some of the worst scores were got for the Arabic language. Experimental results show good performances of the new prosodic approach.
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Chaminda, J. W. Dushan, e Nilanthi Ratnayake. "Broadening the Scope of Ethical Consumer Behaviour". In Human Rights and Ethics, 1887–900. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch104.
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Consumption is an essential everyday process. By very nature, it is a means of expressing our moral identities and an outlet for ethical obligations. In more recent years, ethical aspects of consumption have come under greater scrutiny with the emergence of ethical consumption discourses, and are currently associated with a range of consumer behaviours and responsible business practices. To this end, religion is an undeniably powerful and concurrently the most successful marketing force that can shape the ethical behaviour, yet under-investigated in consumption practices despite Corporate Socially Responsibility provoked ethical behaviour. Ethical consumption practices are regularly characterised as consumption activities that avoid harm to other people, animals or the environment where basic Buddhist teachings become more pertinent and practiced in Buddhist communities. This study conceptualises the importance of religious beliefs in ethical consumer behaviour and through researcher introspection methodology, the study empirically explore whether and how ethical consumerism is reflected through Five Precepts of Buddhism [i.e. (1) abstain from taking life, (2) abstain from stealing, (3) abstain from sexual misconduct, (4) abstain from false speech, and (5) abstain from intoxicants that cloud the mind]. The study contributes to the theory and teaching in the marketing discipline by linking how religious beliefs enhance ethical consumerism that remains largely unexplored.
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Ronningstam, Elsa. "The Origins and Scope of Narcissistic Personality Disorder". In Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality, 49–68. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148732.003.0003.
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Abstract Until recently, there was a common opinion that parenting pattern contributed to the development of PD. In the absence of early infant and parent–child interaction studies, and other family studies on the early origin of pathological narcissism and the etiology of adult NPD, each theoretical school derived its own hypothesis about the genesis of pathological narcissism that could explain the later development of NPD. According to the ego psychological object relation theory (O. Kernberg, 1989, 1998), a cold, frustrating parenting style (usually from a mother) with hidden aggression and indifference in an otherwise superficially well structured environment could implement the development of NPD. The child reacts with aggression, envy, devaluation, and resentment to early parental frustration. These earliest feelings of rage and envy form the core state which the narcissistic individual later defend himself against. Theories pertinent to the self and the “self-system” (Akhtar, 1997; Cooper 1998; Kohut, 1968, 1972) have stressed the lack of match or attunement between parent and child, and the parents’ repeated failures to empathically mirror their child’s affects and meet the needs of the child leading to a developmental arrest and the development of the grandiose self.
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Vasconcelos, Sandra Vieira, e Carla Melo. "Transforming Tourism Education". In Interdisciplinary and Practical Approaches to Managerial Education and Training, 100–119. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8239-8.ch006.
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The chapter describes an interdisciplinary project that was designed and implemented within the scope of a Tourist Activities Management degree whose main topic was sustainability. Based on the use of a bilingual student blog, this project challenged students to produce multimedia content (posts, podcasts, and videos) focusing on sustainable practices and behaviors in different tourism sectors. Making use of a project-based learning approach, the strategy used is perceived as innovative having enhanced student participation and engagement. Concurrently, a preliminary analysis also suggests that there has been a positive change in the participants' awareness towards sustainability, with the different assignments and research having prompted changes in their behavior, denoting the project's pertinence, particularly in these challenging and technology-laden times.
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Lau, Ting-leung, e Kin-yee Chan. "Contributions of Volunteers in Long-Term Care in Hong Kong". In Sustainable Health and Long-Term Care Solutions for an Aging Population, 216–36. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2633-9.ch012.
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With the efforts of Social Welfare Department, voluntary works in Hong Kong become systemic and popular. Volunteers have been involved in developing local elderly services in many organisations in recent years. Contributions of volunteers related to elderly services in some organisations have been reviewed in this chapter, introducing the scope of services among the volunteers. Training and rewarding systems are also highlighted in order to examine the engagement of volunteers. The case of a local welfare organisation is used to discuss the operational issues encountered in Hong Kong. With a view to relieve the shortage of manpower and demand of the healthcare system, suggestions of further enhancing the ability of volunteers and extending their scope of services in the home of elderly people are proposed. Pertinent issues in sustaining trained volunteers in the voluntary long-term care work are also presented.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Acheampong, Timothy Yaw. "Global competitiveness divide and the middle-income-trap". In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.7.
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In recent times, the middle-income trap (MIT) has become a pertinent issue as economists, researchers and development practitioners continue seek answers to why the majority of middle-income countries find it difficult to advance to high-income status. There is still no consensus in literature as to the exact cause(s) and the solution to the MIT. The World Economic Forum posits that, the score of countries on the Global Competitive Index (GCI) 4.0 accounts for over 80% of the variation in income levels of countries. This suggests that the extent of global competitiveness of countries could potentially help them to escape the MIT. However, some competitiveness literature have identified an apparent competitiveness divide among countries. This paper therefore seeks to answer the following questions: how does middle-income countries differ from the high-income countries in terms of global competitiveness. The study utilises an independent samples t-test and effect size measures to examine the GCI 4.0 scores of 140 countries. The study finds a very large and significant competitiveness divide between the high and middle-income countries.
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Mouallem, Johny, Muhammad Arif e Mohamed Mahmoud. "Numerical Simulation of CO2 Mineral Trapping Potential of Carbonate Rocks". In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214162-ms.
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Abstract During CO2 geo-storage, mineral dissolution is considered as the safest trapping technique however it is the longest and the most complicated trapping mechanism involving geo-chemical reactions and physical forces like diffusion and advection. Many factors also influence the mineral trapping capacity of the geological formation e.g., mineralogy, temperature, pH, CO2 fugacity, pressure of CO2, salinity and impurities. The scope of this study is to investigate the mineral trapping of CO2 in Arabian carbonates reservoirs as a function of CO2 pressure injection, presence of contaminants and well configuration. Numerical simulations were performed using the multi-phase simulator GEM-CMG. 2D and 3D models were developed to examine the mechanisms occurring during mineral trapping and how these affect its efficiency. The mineralogy of a carbonate field from an Arabian formation was used. Sensitivity analysis was performed on the above variables on CO2 mineralization tendency. The results suggest that dissolution and precipitation of minerals occurred during and post CO2 injection. Increasing pressure led to higher amount of CO2 trapped while the presence of impurities in the injected fluid reduced the potential of CO2 mineralization. Moreover, using horizontal well tends to promote the mineral activity during CO2 storage. While a score of publications investigated CO2 storage via structural, residual and dissolution trapping mechanisms, still the mineral trapping potential and its influencing factors have not been investigated much. This paper thus provides insights into CO2 sequestration by mineral trapping pertinent to Arabian carbonate rocks.
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Mouallem, Johny, Ahmed Fathy, Muhammad Arif e Mohamed Mahmoud. "CO2 Mineral Trapping Potential of Carbonates: A Numerical Investigation". In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213517-ms.
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Abstract During CO2 geo-storage, mineral dissolution is considered as the safest trapping technique however it is the longest and the most complicated trapping mechanism involving geo-chemical reactions and physical forces like diffusion and advection. Many factors also influence the mineral trapping capacity of the geological formation e.g., mineralogy, temperature, pH, CO2 fugacity, pressure of CO2, salinity and composition of the brine. The scope of this study is to investigate the mineral trapping of CO2 in Arabian carbonates reservoirs as a function of temperature, brine composition and pH of the subsurface systems. Numerical simulations are performed using the multi-phase simulator GEM-CMG. 2D and 3D models are developed to examine the mechanisms occurring during mineral trapping and how these affect its efficiency. The mineralogy of a carbonate field from an Arabian formation is used. Sensitivity analysis has been performed on the effect of temperature, pH and brine composition on CO2 mineralization tendency and porosity. The results suggest that dissolution and precipitation of minerals occurred during and post CO2 injection while pH had the major influence on mineral trapping. At basic pH conditions, pH=9, the highest amount of CO2 was mineralized while at mid pH, precipitation of carbonates decreased remarkably. Changing the brine composition also highly affected the storage capacity e.g., divalent salt accelerated CO2 mineralization. Moreover, temperature tends to promote the mineral activity during CO2 storage. While a score of publications investigated CO2 storage via structural, residual and dissolution trapping mechanisms, still the mineral trapping potential and its influencing factors have not been investigated much. This paper thus provides new insights into CO2 sequestration by mineral trapping pertinent to Arabian carbonate rocks.
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Yali, Roy, Pablo Fonseca e Cesar Beltran. "Assessment of Semantic Segmentation Models for Landslide Monitoring Using Satellite Imagery in Peruvian Andes". In LatinX in AI at Neural Information Processing Systems Conference 2023. Journal of LatinX in AI Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52591/lxai202312108.
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In the domain of machine learning, one persistent challenge is the availability of ample data, especially pertinent to computer vision. Moreover, this challenge is amplified within the realm of remote sensing, where annotations for addressing problems are frequently scarce. This manuscript critically examines the daunting task of monitoring a geophysical phenomenon —landslides— within the Peruvian landscape, a nation profoundly impacted by such events on a global scale. In this paper, we present three contributions in that direction. Our first contribution is to expand a well-known satellite imagery dataset targeting landslides. The nucleus of this foundational dataset originates from Asian territories, comprising 3799 meticulously annotated images. However, recognizing the distinct geospatial dynamics of Peru, we embarked on a rigorous exercise to augment this dataset with 838 local scenarios. These additions maintain congruence with the original dataset in terms of attributes and configuration, thereby ensuring both replicability and scalability for future research endeavours. Our second contribution is an exhaustive assessment of various semantic segmentation models. At the heart of our experimentation lies the U-net architecture, bolstered by the Weighted Cross Entropy + Dice Loss —a loss function acclaimed for its efficacy in segmentation tasks with imbalanced data sets. The empirical findings are illuminating: a rudimentary U-net architecture exhibits a formidable F1-Score of 75.5%, transcending the benchmark score of 71.65% set by the original dataset. Our third and final contribution is the comprehensive research framework developed for data acquisition, processing pipeline and model training/evaluation. Given this framework has the potential to drive a general applicability of segmentation systems to landslide monitoring systems, and to have a broader reach to the academic community and governmental stakeholders in Latin America and worldwide, we will be making all scripts and experiment details available upon publication, thus, hoping to foster an environment for collaborative scrutiny, discourse, and further advancement.
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Konell, Jeremiah P., Jack Van Schenck, Joseph P. Bratton e Steven J. Polasik. "Practical IMP Performance Metrics". In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64528.
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Annually or as events occur, operators submit data to various regulatory agencies about the operation, maintenance and extent of their assets. Many of these figures are used by the public, non-profit organizations and private companies to independently conduct assessments about operators, ranging from safety to quality assurance to scope and nature of product deliveries. The Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), the National Energy Board (NEB), and other industry organizations have recently put an emphasis on more meaningful metrics by releasing guidelines and leading discussions at industry conferences and workshops. In order to derive more strategic accuracy and pertinence, Explorer Pipeline Company (Explorer) and Det Norske Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc. (DNV GL) have developed a procedural effort to develop meaningful metrics. Several derivative benefits come from this effort such as support for calculating cost-benefit / ROI figures for maintenance projects, justification for compliance-plus activities and, most importantly, a more informed perspective of operational risk. A renewed approach to this effort is to organize the more meaningful factors into three categories: (1) Metrics of job roles and tasks within Explorer’s Asset Integrity staff, (2) Other existing influential metrics (3) Regulatory metrics. Using this approach, Explorer defined well-targeted, unitized metrics, each with a meaningful basis. Explorer anticipates the development of these more meaningful metrics to support the transparency sought by regulators and other stakeholders, benchmark and continually evaluate our Asset Integrity program and possibly support the development of practical metrics for the pipeline industry.
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Brown, Warren. "Applying ASME PCC-1-2010 Appendix O to Joint Lifecycle Management". In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57453.
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Appendix O “Determining Joint Assembly Bolt Load’ was added in the 2010 version of ASME PCC-1 “Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Joint Assembly”. It outlines a method of calculating an appropriate assembly load for pressure vessel and piping bolted joints. However, the possible uses and scope of the appendix go well beyond only the selection of assembly bolt load. For example, the method can be applied to gasket selection or assembly method selection. The calculations in the appendix can easily be applied to quantify when certain technology can be employed and when it shouldn’t and can also be used as a tool to contribute to the overall gasket selection or assembly method selection process. In fact, once an understanding of the basic behavior of the joint is obtained, then the method can be applied to the full life-cycle of the joint, including use as a tool to determine the root cause of leakage. Basic procedures for performing these types of assessments and some pertinent examples are outlined in this paper.
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Guevara, Cesar, Carlos Manuel Núñez Michuy, Diego Mauricio Bonilla Jurado e Verónica Teresa Veloz Segura. "Pedagogical Model Based On Edgar Morín's Complex Thinking In School Management". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002407.
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The objective of this research was to propose a pedagogical model based on the complex thinking of Édgar Morín to strengthen the School Management of the Ángel Polibio Cháves Educational Unit, Ecuador. This research was of an applied type, descriptive scope, quantitative approach and non-experimental design; the non-random sample for convenience. The research technique used was the survey and the instrument a questionnaire composed of 24 closed polytomous items on a Likert scale, Cronbach's alpha consistency 0.895; Within the framework of the study variable and for each of its dimensions, the results found showed that 37% is at a low level, 60% at a medium level and 3% at a high level, from which it is inferred that the school management of The educational unit must be strengthened through the pedagogical model, which is based on the theory of complex thought and the seven necessary knowledge for the education of the future, emphasizing the principles of pertinent knowledge, teaching human understanding and the ethics of gender. What will motivate students the value of learning and the importance of knowledge, contrast concepts in search of relevance and respect the human condition.
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Rosen, Marc A. "Impact on Overall Efficiency of Component Efficiency Increases for an Existing Thermal Electrical Generating Station". In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33149.
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Most electrical generating utilities are striving to improve the efficiencies of their existing thermal electric generating stations, many of which are old. Exergy methods have been shown to provide meaningful insights that can assist in increasing the efficiency of conventional coal-to-electricity technologies. Here, exergy analysis is used to assess measures for improving the efficiencies of coal-fired electrical generating stations. This scope of the study is limited to minor practical improvements, which can be undertaken with limited effort and cost and are not overly complex. The plant considered is the coal-fired Nanticoke Generating Station (GS) in Ontario, Canada. The findings suggest that the results of exergy analyses should be used, along with other pertinent information, to guide efficiency improvement efforts for thermal generating stations. Also, efficiency improvement efforts should focus on plant components responsible for the largest exergy losses: the steam generator (where large losses occur from combustion heat transfer across large temperature differences), the turbines, the electrical generator and the transformer. Possible improvements in these areas should be assessed in conjunction with other criteria, and other components should be considered where economically beneficial improvements can be identified.
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Shutt, Mark. "Implementation of Snubber Service-Life Monitoring Programs". In ASME/NRC 2014 12th Valves, Pumps, and Inservice Testing Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nrc2014-5033.
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A well-planned and -implemented service-life program which is properly used can reduce the need for extended testing and examination activities and can result in a cost-effective overall program. Service-life monitoring is an essential part of an effective snubber program, yet it is often the least detailed and most overlooked aspect. Because of the historical emphasis on examination and testing requirements, there has been little industry-wide consistency or emphasis on the specifics of service-life monitoring activities. This paper will identify the purpose and basis for snubber service-life requirements, as well as outline key elements of an effective program to both identify service-life values and monitor them over periods of extended plant operation. Included in the discussion will be topics such as: Identifying regulatory and code requirements, determining the scope of the program, establishing original service-life values, monitoring and evaluation, adjusting values, program documentation, and reporting. Identifying pertinent parameters for monitoring, appropriate methods for monitoring and trending, and incorporating condition monitoring and preventive-maintenance activities as alternatives to traditional programs will be discussed. Common challenges to implementing an effective program will be addressed, as well as some pitfalls to be avoided. Paper published with permission.
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Costa, José Alfredo, e Nielsen Dantas. "Análise Comparativa de Embeddings Jurídicos aplicados a Algoritmos de Clustering". In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2023-181.
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Text clustering analysis plays an important role in the organization and comprehension of extensive amounts of textual data. By grouping semantically similar documents into coherent categories, or clusters, it is possible to extract pertinent information and the unearthing of latent patterns embedded within the text. Text clustering enables a deeper understanding of the underlying structure and relationships within textual data, therefore, unveiling patterns and thematic trends. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of different text embeddings in the task of clustering Brazilian legal documents. The embeddings were obtained from BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from transformers) models: Jurisbert, Bert Law and Irisbert. Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IFD) was also used as a base representation model for comparisons. Nine different clustering algorithms were tested, including methods such as MB Kmeans, DBSCAN, BIRCH. Experiments were conducted in a database of 30,000 documents in Brazilian Portuguese of judicial moves of the Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Norte. To evaluate the performance of the clustering algorithms, the Normalized Mutual Info and Jaccard coefficients were used. Processing time are also described for the different algorithms. Results suggest better results with embedding “Irisbert” and TF-IDF when considering NMI and Bert Law and TF-IDF when considering Jaccard coefficient, although “Irisbert” also produced good scores.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Score de pertinence"
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Burnett, Cathy. Scoping the field of literacy research: how might a range of research be valuable to primary teachers? Sheffield Hallam University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu-working-papers/2201.
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Literacy research has an important role to play in helping to shape educational policy and practice. The field of literacy research however is difficult to navigate as literacy has been understood and researched in many different ways. It encompasses work from psychology, sociology, philosophy and neuroscience, literary theory, media and literacy studies, and methodologies include a range of qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. In mapping this complex field, I draw on a systematic ‘scoping survey’ of a sample of peerreviewed articles featuring literacy research relevant to literacy education for children aged 5-11. Studies were deemed relevant if they: addressed literacy pedagogies and interventions; and/or provided pertinent insights (e.g. into children’s experiences of literacy); and/or offered implications for the range and scope of literacy education. The results of this survey are important in two ways. Firstly they help to articulate the range of literacy research and the varied ways that such research might speak to literacy education. Secondly they challenge easy distinctions between paradigms in literacy research. Recognising this complexity and heterogeneity matters given the history of relationships between literacy policy and practice in countries such as England, where polarised debate has often erased the subtle differences of perspective and confluence of interest that this survey illuminates. Based on the results of this survey I argue that an inclusive approach to literacy research is needed in educational contexts. Otherwise alternative and/or complementary ways of supporting children’s literacy learning may be missed, as will important possibilities for literacy education and children’s current and future lives.
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Lewis, Dustin, e Naz Modirzadeh. Taking into Account the Potential Effects of Counterterrorism Measures on Humanitarian and Medical Activities: Elements of an Analytical Framework for States Grounded in Respect for International Law. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, maio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/qbot8406.
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For at least a decade, States, humanitarian bodies, and civil-society actors have raised concerns about how certain counterterrorism measures can prevent or impede humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In 2019, the issue drew the attention of the world’s preeminent body charged with maintaining or restoring international peace and security: the United Nations Security Council. In two resolutions — Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) — adopted that year, the Security Council urged States to take into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities, including medical activities, that are carried out by impartial humanitarian actors in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law (IHL). By implicitly recognizing that measures adopted to achieve one policy objective (countering terrorism) can impair or prevent another policy objective (safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities), the Security Council elevated taking into account the potential effects of certain counterterrorism measures on exclusively humanitarian activities to an issue implicating international peace and security. In this legal briefing, we aim to support the development of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to devise and administer a system to take into account the potential effects of counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. Our primary intended audience includes the people involved in creating or administering a “take into account” system and in developing relevant laws and policies. Our analysis zooms in on Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019) and focuses on grounding the framework in respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL. In section 1, we introduce the impetus, objectives, and structure of the briefing. In our view, a thorough legal analysis of the relevant resolutions in their wider context is a crucial element to laying the conditions conducive to the development and administration of an effective “take into account” system. Further, the stakes and timeliness of the issue, the Security Council’s implicit recognition of a potential tension between measures adopted to achieve different policy objectives, and the relatively scant salient direct practice and scholarship on elements pertinent to “take into account” systems also compelled us to engage in original legal analysis, with a focus on public international law and IHL. In section 2, as a primer for readers unfamiliar with the core issues, we briefly outline humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. Then we highlight a range of possible effects of the latter on the former. Concerning armed conflict, humanitarian activities aim primarily to provide relief to and protection for people affected by the conflict whose needs are unmet, whereas medical activities aim primarily to provide care for wounded and sick persons, including the enemy. Meanwhile, for at least several decades, States have sought to prevent and suppress acts of terrorism and punish those who commit, attempt to commit, or otherwise support acts of terrorism. Under the rubric of countering terrorism, States have taken an increasingly broad and diverse array of actions at the global, regional, and national levels. A growing body of qualitative and quantitative evidence documents how certain measures designed and applied to counter terrorism can impede or prevent humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts. In a nutshell, counterterrorism measures may lead to diminished or complete lack of access by humanitarian and medical actors to the persons affected by an armed conflict that is also characterized as a counterterrorism context, or those measures may adversely affect the scope, amount, or quality of humanitarian and medical services provided to such persons. The diverse array of detrimental effects of certain counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities may be grouped into several cross-cutting categories, including operational, financial, security, legal, and reputational effects. In section 3, we explain some of the key legal aspects of humanitarian and medical activities and counterterrorism measures. States have developed IHL as the primary body of international law applicable to acts and omissions connected with an armed conflict. IHL lays down several rights and obligations relating to a broad spectrum of humanitarian and medical activities pertaining to armed conflicts. A violation of an applicable IHL provision related to humanitarian or medical activities may engage the international legal responsibility of a State or an individual. Meanwhile, at the international level, there is no single, comprehensive body of counterterrorism laws. However, States have developed a collection of treaties to pursue specific anti-terrorism objectives. Further, for its part, the Security Council has assumed an increasingly prominent role in countering terrorism, including by adopting decisions that U.N. Member States must accept and carry out under the U.N. Charter. Some counterterrorism measures are designed and applied in a manner that implicitly or expressly “carves out” particular safeguards — typically in the form of limited exceptions or exemptions — for certain humanitarian or medical activities or actors. Yet most counterterrorism measures do not include such safeguards. In section 4, which constitutes the bulk of our original legal analysis, we closely evaluate the two resolutions in which the Security Council urged States to take into account the effects of (certain) counterterrorism measures on humanitarian and medical activities. We set the stage by summarizing some aspects of the legal relations between Security Council acts and IHL provisions pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. We then analyze the status, consequences, and content of several substantive elements of the resolutions and what they may entail for States seeking to counter terrorism and safeguard humanitarian and medical activities. Among the elements that we evaluate are: the Security Council’s new notion of a prohibited financial “benefit” for terrorists as it may relate to humanitarian and medical activities; the Council’s demand that States comply with IHL obligations while countering terrorism; and the constituent parts of the Council’s notion of a “take into account” system. In section 5, we set out some potential elements of an analytical framework through which a State may seek to develop and administer its “take into account” system in line with Resolution 2462 (2019) and Resolution 2482 (2019). In terms of its object and purpose, a “take into account” system may aim to secure respect for international law, notably the U.N. Charter and IHL pertaining to humanitarian and medical activities. In addition, the system may seek to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities in armed conflicts that also qualify as counterterrorism contexts. We also identify two sets of preconditions arguably necessary for a State to anticipate and address relevant potential effects through the development and execution of its “take into account” system. Finally, we suggest three sets of attributes that a “take into account” system may need to embody to achieve its aims: utilizing a State-wide approach, focusing on potential effects, and including default principles and rules to help guide implementation. In section 6, we briefly conclude. In our view, jointly pursuing the policy objectives of countering terrorism and safeguarding humanitarian and medical activities presents several opportunities, challenges, and complexities. International law does not necessarily provide ready-made answers to all of the difficult questions in this area. Yet devising and executing a “take into account” system provides a State significant opportunities to safeguard humanitarian and medical activities and counter terrorism while securing greater respect for international law.