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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Jones, Gareth. "Reformulating biological science molecular cell biology". Trends in Biochemical Sciences 12 (janeiro de 1987): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(87)90017-x.
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Thakur, Narsinh L., Roopesh Jain, Filipe Natalio, Bojan Hamer, Archana N. Thakur e Werner E. G. Müller. "Marine molecular biology: An emerging field of biological sciences". Biotechnology Advances 26, n.º 3 (maio de 2008): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.01.001.
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de Jong, A., K. A. Kroon e A. J. M. Loonen. "Molecular Biology and Neuropsychiatry". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 6, n.º 1 (março de 1994): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800033743.
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SummaryAn overview is given of some developments in the field of the molecular biological sciences with their impact on neuropsychiatry and psychopharmacology. Interference with the functioning of the cell will give some clues for the development of new psychotropic drugs. The genesis of disorders will be elucidated. This can lead to new methods of therapy. Moreover, the possibility to affect gene expression may offer opportunities for the development of new drugs. The existence and functioning of priones is explained. Interfering with neuroplastic principles may become an important method for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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D’Souza, Leo. "Jesuit Contributions to Biological Sciences in India". Journal of Jesuit Studies 7, n.º 2 (29 de janeiro de 2020): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00702007.
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Jesuits in India have made significant contribution to studies in classical as well as modern biology. The earlier classical studies resulted in the compilation of well-known and highly appreciated floras. In recent times, Jesuits have kept pace with the current trends in biology and have made contributions in the areas of environmental awareness, biodiversity, conservation, biotechnology, molecular biology, bioremediation, and bioenergy as well as biopesticides.
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Zehr, J. P., I. Hewson e P. H. Moisander. "Molecular biology techniques and applications for ocean sensing". Ocean Science Discussions 5, n.º 4 (27 de novembro de 2008): 625–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-5-625-2008.
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Abstract. The study of marine microorganisms using molecular biological techniques is now widespread in the ocean sciences. These techniques target nucleic acids which record the evolutionary history of microbes, and encode for processes which are active in the ocean today. Here we review some of the most commonly used molecular biological techniques. Molecular biological techniques permit study of the abundance, distribution, diversity, and physiology of microorganisms in situ. These techniques include the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR, quantitative PCR, whole assemblage "fingerprinting" approaches (based on nucleic acid sequence or length heterogeneity), oligonucleotide microarrays, and high-throughput shotgun sequencing of whole genomes and gene transcripts, which can be used to answer biological, ecological, evolutionary and biogeochemical questions in the ocean sciences. Moreover, molecular biological approaches may be deployed on ocean sensor platforms and hold promise for tracking of organisms or processes of interest in near-real time.
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Zehr, J. P., I. Hewson e P. Moisander. "Molecular biology techniques and applications for ocean sensing". Ocean Science 5, n.º 2 (8 de maio de 2009): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-101-2009.
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Abstract. The study of marine microorganisms using molecular biological techniques is now widespread in the ocean sciences. These techniques target nucleic acids which record the evolutionary history of microbes, and encode for processes which are active in the ocean today. Molecular techniques can form the basis of remote instrumentation sensing technologies for marine microbial diversity and ecological function. Here we review some of the most commonly used molecular biological techniques. These techniques include the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcriptase PCR, quantitative PCR, whole assemblage "fingerprinting" approaches (based on nucleic acid sequence or length heterogeneity), oligonucleotide microarrays, and high-throughput shotgun sequencing of whole genomes and gene transcripts, which can be used to answer biological, ecological, evolutionary and biogeochemical questions in the ocean sciences. Moreover, molecular biological approaches may be deployed on ocean sensor platforms and hold promise for tracking of organisms or processes of interest in near-real time.
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Szathmary, E. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION: Can Genes Explain Biological Complexity?" Science 292, n.º 5520 (18 de maio de 2001): 1315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1060852.
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Garvin-Doxas, Kathy, Michael Klymkowsky e Susan Elrod. "Building, Using, and Maximizing the Impact of Concept Inventories in the Biological Sciences: Report on a National Science Foundation–sponsored Conference on the Construction of Concept Inventories in the Biological Sciences". CBE—Life Sciences Education 6, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2007): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.07-05-0031.
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The meeting “Conceptual Assessment in the Biological Sciences” was held March 3–4, 2007, in Boulder, Colorado. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation and hosted by University of Colorado, Boulder's Biology Concept Inventory Team, the meeting drew together 21 participants from 13 institutions, all of whom had received National Science Foundation funding for biology education. Topics of interest included Introductory Biology, Genetics, Evolution, Ecology, and the Nature of Science. The goal of the meeting was to organize and leverage current efforts to develop concept inventories for each of these topics. These diagnostic tools are inspired by the success of the Force Concept Inventory, developed by the community of physics educators to identify student misconceptions about Newtonian mechanics. By working together, participants hope to lessen the risk that groups might develop competing rather than complementary inventories.
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DeNies, Maxwell S., Allen P. Liu e Santiago Schnell. "Are the biomedical sciences ready for synthetic biology?" Biomolecular Concepts 11, n.º 1 (24 de janeiro de 2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmc-2020-0003.
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AbstractThe ability to construct a functional system from its individual components is foundational to understanding how it works. Synthetic biology is a broad field that draws from principles of engineering and computer science to create new biological systems or parts with novel function. While this has drawn well-deserved acclaim within the biotechnology community, application of synthetic biology methodologies to study biological systems has potential to fundamentally change how biomedical research is conducted by providing researchers with improved experimental control. While the concepts behind synthetic biology are not new, we present evidence supporting why the current research environment is conducive for integration of synthetic biology approaches within biomedical research. In this perspective we explore the idea of synthetic biology as a discovery science research tool and provide examples of both top-down and bottom-up approaches that have already been used to answer important physiology questions at both the organismal and molecular level.
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Eldəniz qızı Əhmədova, Gülnarə. "Inclusion of bioinformatics in biological sciences". NATURE AND SCIENCE 22, n.º 7 (17 de julho de 2022): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/22/82-86.
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Bioinformatika hesablama və biologiya elmlərinin birləşməsi kimi müəyyən edilə bilər. Proteomika və genomika tədqiqatları nəticəsində yaranan məlumatların daşqını emal etmək və təhlil etmək üçün aktuallıq bioinformatikanın önəm və əhəmiyyət qazanmasına səbəb oldu. Bununla belə, onun multidissiplinar təbiəti həm biologiya, həm də hesablama sahəsində hazırlanmış mütəxəssisə unikal tələbat yaratmışdır. İcmalda bioinformatika sahəsini təşkil edən komponentlər və bioinformatika təhsili olan fərdlərin yetişdirilməsi üçün tələb olunan fərqli təhsil meyarları təsvir edilib. Məqalə həm də Malayziyada bioinformatikaya giriş və onun haqqında ümumi məlumat verəcəkdir. Malayziyada mövcud bioinformatika ssenarisi onun inkişafını ölçmək və gələcək bioinformatika təhsili strategiyalarını planlaşdırmaq üçün araşdırıldı. Müqayisə üçün biz digər ölkələrin təhsildə istifadə etdiyi metod və strategiyaları araşdırdıq ki, bioinformatikanın tətbiqini daha da təkmilləşdirmək üçün dərslər alınsın. Hesab olunur ki, akademiyadan, sənayedən dəqiq və kifayət qədər idarəetmə gələcəkdə keyfiyyətli bioinformatiklər yetişdirməyə imkan verəcək. Açar sözlər: bioinformatika, hesablama biologiyası, təhsil, biologiya elmi, bioinformatikanın tədrisi Gulnara Eldeniz Ahmadova Inclusion of bioinformatics in biological sciences Abstract Bioinformatics can be defined as the combination of computational and biological sciences. The urgency to process and analyze the flood of data resulting from proteomics and genomics research has led bioinformatics to gain prominence and importance. However, its multidisciplinary nature has created a unique need for a specialist trained in both biology and computing. In this review, we have described the components that make up the field of bioinformatics and the different educational criteria required to produce individuals with bioinformatics training. This article will also provide an introduction and overview of bioinformatics in Malaysia. The current bioinformatics scenario in Malaysia was examined to gauge its development and plan future bioinformatics education strategies. For comparison, we examined the methods and strategies used in education by other countries, so that lessons can be learned to further improve the application of bioinformatics. It is believed that accurate and sufficient management from academia and industry will enable to produce quality bioinformaticians in the future. Keywords: bioinformatics, computational biology, education, biological science, teaching bioinformatics
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Oikonomou, Eftychia. "Molecular biology and biochemistry of brain tumours". Thesis, Aston University, 2004. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11021/.
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Elucidating some molecular mechanisms and biochemistry of brain tumours is an important step towards the development of adjuvant medical therapies. The present study concentrates on cholecystokinin (CCK), a gut-brain peptide that has been described to be able to induce mitosis of rat gliomas as well as hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary, via the CCK-B receptor. The significance of a polymorphism in the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor (GHRH-R) gene was also determined. Finally, defects in the b-catenin gene, an important component of the developmental pathway, in a sub-set of craniopharyngiomas were investigated. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), restriction digestion analysis and direct sequencing demonstrated expression of CCK peptide itself and its A and B receptors by human gliomas, meningiomas and pituitary tumours. CCK peptides stimulated growth of cultured gliomas and meningiomas as well as in vitro hormone secretion [growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] by human pituitary tumours. These biological effects were reduced or abolished by CCK antagonists. In addition, an antibody to CCK reduced mitosis by gliomas and meningiomas, and the same antibody inhibited hormone secretion by cultured human pituitary tumours. CCK peptides stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis, indicating coupling of the CCK receptors to phopsholipase C. Cyclic AMP was unaffected. In addition, caspase-3 activity was significantly and markedly increased, whilst proteasome activity was decreased. Taken together, these results may indicate an autocrine/paracrine role of CCK in the control of growth and/or functioning of gliomas, meningiomas and pituitary tumours. Further findings of this study, using PCR and direct sequencing, were the demonstration of an association between b-catenin gene alterations and craniopharyngiomas of the adamantinomatous type.
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Lohman, Kenton L. "Isolation and Characterization of Temperature-sensitive Protein Synthesis Mutants of Escherichia Coli by Directed Mutagenesis of the Defective Bacteriophage Lambda Fus2". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1985. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2722.
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Mutagenesis of the defective transducing bacteriophage lambda fus2 was used to isolate a collection of temperature-sensitive mutants of E. coli in the major ribosomal protein gene cluster. Four mutants were examined in detail. Two of the mutants were resistant to the ribosomal antibiotics neamine and spectinomycin. Another mutant was defective in 50S ribosomal subunit assembly at 42(DEGREES)C. The 30S subunit proteins S17 and S19 were changed in two different mutants. Each protein migrated as a more basic species in two-dimensional gels of ribosomal proteins. Ribosomes from each of the four mutants examined showed a temperature-dependent reduction in translational activity in cell-free assays. The kinetic assays showed declines in both the rate and extent of translation at three temperatures. Ribosomes from three of the four mutants were also found to have an increased rate of heat inactivation at 45(DEGREES)C compared to control particles. Mixed subunit assays idendtified a t.s. subunit in each mutant. A defect in reassociation at high temperature was found for the subunits from one mutant. Another mutant showed significantly high levels of misreading at 32(DEGREES)C and 42(DEGREES)C. Two mutants showed a decreased ability to bind 14C-phenylalanine tRNA at the two temperatures tested. The increased efficiency and utility of this mutagenesis method for the isolation of protein synthesis mutants is discussed.
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Chaharmahali, Pegah M. "Calcium homeostasis in Pichia pastoris". Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/179.
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Pichia pastoris is a methylotrophic yeast that has been used widely in biological and industrial researches. P. pastoris is able to produce from milligram to gram quantities of protein. In this study, we examined the effects of calcium and magnesium on growth, heterologous protein expression, and calcium homeostasis in P. pastoris . The divalent cations calcium and magnesium are responsible for diverse roles in in the function of the cells in eukaryotes. Although it is known that calcium is responsible for many biological functions in eukaryotes, there is a limited understanding of the calcium homeostasis in P. pastoris . In this study, we found that addition of calcium and magnesium to yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) does not increase the cell growth of wild type P. pastoris . However, the original concentrations of calcium and magnesium in YPD were critical to cells, as removing calcium and magnesium using EGTA and EDTA, respectively, decreased the cell growth of wild type P. pastoris . Changes to cytoplasmic calcium concentration in P. pastoris was studied using the fluorescent calcium sensitive dye, indo-1 (10 μM) and fluorescent spectrophotometer. The intracellular calcium concentration increased with addition of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). PBS (standard 1x) induced a significantly higher increase in intracellular calcium concentration compared to inductions with calcium chloride (1.2 mM). Our results showed that the addition of calcium and magnesium into the growth medium did not increase the expression of alcohol oxidase-1 driven β-galactosidase expression. However, calcium and magnesium may still play crucial roles in protein expression as EDTA and EGTA caused an increase in β-galactosidase expression as indicated by higher β-galactosidase activity. Our findings suggest that EDTA and EGTA may also increase the expression of other heterologous proteins in P. pastoris .
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Pacheco, Ryan John. "Characterication of aggregate gland silk factor 1". Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/186.
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Spider silk is a high performance fiber with extraordinary mechanical properties, including high tensile strength and toughness. Due to these outstanding material properties, scientists are rapidly pursuing the production of synthetic spider silks for a variety of different applications. In these studies, we characterize the aggregate gland specific factor 1 (AgSF1) from the black widow spider, Latrodectus hesperus. After the development of an anti-AgSF1 polyclonal antiserum, we demonstrate by western blot analyses that the AgSF1 protein is highly expressed in the aggregate gland and the protein is localized to the connection joints of cobweaver webs. We also overexpress and purify two different recombinant AgSF1 fusion proteins, named AgSF1G and AgSF1G+GXPXP. These recombinant proteins encompass different regions within the AgSF1 amino acid sequence. Using wet-spinning methodology we also demonstrate that these proteins can be spun into synthetic silk fibers. Mechanical studies and ultrastructure analyses of the synthetic fibers reveal tensile strengths and toughness values that are below natural dragline silk fibers. Secondary structural analyses of the AgSF1 recombinant proteins in solution using circular dichoism reveal the N-terminal region of AgSF1 is alpha helical in nature. Collectively, these studies advance our understanding of silk proteins that are expressed in the aggregate gland and support that these proteins play an important role in prey capture in cobweavers.
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Chu, Wei. "Mouse Mast Cell Proteases: Induction, Molecular Cloning, and Characterization". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2656.
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Tryptase, a mast cell-specific serine protease with trypsin-like specificity, has been identified in a mouse mast cell line (ABFTL-6) based on it's enzymatic activity, inhibition properties, and cross-reactivity to a human mast cell tryptase antibody. The effects of fibroblast-conditioned medium and sodium butyrate on ABFTL-6 mast cell differentiation and tryptase expression have been examined. ABFTL-6 mouse mast cells undergo phenotypic changes upon culturing in media supplemented with fibroblast-conditioned media at 50% or 1 mM sodium butyrate. The induced cells increased in size, had larger and more metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, and increased their total cellular protein about four-fold. Tryptase activity increased 13- and 6-fold upon fibroblast-conditioned media and butyrate induction, respectively. However, tryptase antigen levels increased dramatically from 2.3 $\mu$g/10$\sp6$ uninduced cells to 125 (54-fold) and 75 (33-fold) $\mu$g/10$\sp6$ cells induced with fibroblast-conditioned media or butyrate, respectively. A cDNA library was constructed in $\lambda$gt10 from ABFTL-6 cell poly(A)$\sp+$ RNA, and screened with dog mast cell tryptase and rat mast cell chymase cDNAs. Clones encoding two distinct tryptases (mouse tryptases I and II), a chymase (mouse chymase I) and a novel carboxyl terminal chymase (mouse chymase II) were isolated and sequenced. Mouse tryptases I and II have 75% and 70% sequence identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence for the mature active enzyme for each mouse tryptase contains 245 residues and all the characteristics of a serine protease. Asp is found in the substrate binding pockets, consistent with a trypsin-like specificity for Arg-X and Lys-X bonds. It is predicted that tryptases are synthesized with prepropeptides, requiring signal peptidase processing and removal of a three amino acid propeptide for activation. Mouse chymase I consists of a 226 amino acid catalytic portion and a 21 amino acid preprosequence. An Asn occurs in the substrate binding pocket, a feature that has not been observed in any other serine protease.
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Yelpaala, Yuora. "The characterization of cysteine protease 4 and superoxide dismutase 6 in Trichomonas vaginalis". Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/189.
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Pathogenesis attributable to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis , the causative agent of Trichomoniasis, is largely unknown although cysteine proteases have been implicated. This paper investigated the role of cysteine protease 4 (CP4) in T. vaginalis through characterization and expression of CP4. T. vaginalis strains showed differential protein and mRNA expression, although it was unclear which CP4 variants (other than TVAG_355480 and TVAG_467970) were recognized by the CP4 antibody for the protein studies. Iron did not regulate expression of TVAG_355480 and TVAG_467970 at the transcriptional but possibly at the post-transcriptional level. Our results also suggested that processing of recombinant TVAG_467970 occurred through cleavage by proteins rather than autocatalytic processing. Finally, endogenous CP4 was localized to vesicles though it was unclear which CP4 variant was recognized and was co-localized with HA-tagged VAMP1/2. Localization of HA-tagged TVAG_467970 proved problematic when co-staining with anti-HA and anti-CP4, so further localization studies need to be optimized. This paper also examined the role of iron superoxide dismutase 6 (TvFeSOD6) in resistance to metronidazole, the current drug used for Trichomoniasis infections. Of the two types of resistance, aerobic resistance may occur due to a high concentration of intracellular oxygen which can outcompete metronidazole for electrons or can re-oxidize reduced metronidazole to its inactive form. We determined that there was differential expression of TvFeSODs in T. vaginalis strains with varying levels of resistance although this may not correlate with the degree of resistance. Our results also showed that an increase in ectopic TvFeSOD6 in MSA1121 led to an augmentation in SOD activity and in resistance under aerobic conditions due to the possible role of TvFeSOD6 in also contributing to a higher intracellular oxygen concentration in MSA1121 (which is already sensitive to oxygen), leading to an increase in resistance.
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Winkler, Wade C. "RNA elements required for T box antitermination". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1381251178.
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Buchanan, Fritz G. "Endogenous Alkylglycerol Functions As a Mediator of Protein Kinase C Activity and Cell Proliferation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2885.
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To explore the possibility that 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycerol (alkylglycerol) may serve a regulatory role in the control of cell proliferation or PKC activity, we examined the ability of alkylglycerol to influence PKC activity and subcellular distribution as well as the ability of alkylglycerol to effect cell proliferation. MDCK cells grown to confluence show a loss of PKC activity associated with the membrane, as reported in fibroblasts. Preconfluent cultures of MDCK cells have a high level of PKC activity associated with the membrane. However, treatment of preconfluent cultures with alkylglycerol causes a reduction of PKC activity. A similar inhibition was observed with alkylglycerol when cells were treated with TPA, an activator of PKC. To confirm that alkylglycerol was exerting an effect directly on PKC, alkylglycerol was shown to inhibit PKC activity in vitro in a dose dependent manner. Since PKC exists as a family of closely related isozymes, we have determined the effects of growth arrest and alkylglycerol treatment on PKC $\rm\alpha,\ \epsilon,\ and\ \zeta$ (expressed in MDCK cells). The active forms of PKC $\alpha$ and $\epsilon$ are lost early in the growth of MDCK cells during the endogenous accumulation of alkylglycerol and synthetic alkylglycerol inhibits the membrane form of PKC $\alpha$ and $\epsilon.$ However, alkylglycerol inhibits the TPA induced translocation of PKC $\alpha$ but not $\epsilon$ suggesting a differential inhibition among these isoforms. Neither TPA or alkylglycerol had any effects on the distribution of PKC $\zeta.$ To examine the effect of alkylglycerol on cell proliferation, Swiss 3T3 cells were used. GLC analysis shows that 3T3 cells accumulate alkylglycerol in a similar manner as MDCK cells. Since this accumulation occurs just prior to cell growth arrest, the effects of alkylglycerol on preconfluent cells was observed. Preconfluent cultures of 3T3 cells were treated with alkylglycerol on day 1 of growth. After 8 days of culture, the treated group showed a slower growth rate and saturation density. Furthermore, after these cells were reseeded in the absence of alkylglycerol, the original growth rate and saturation density returned. Thus alkylglycerol induces a decrease in cell proliferation without causing any detrimental effects. Similarly, alkylglycerol was found to inhibit the induction of mitogenesis by TPA (a PKC dependent pathway) and these effects were shown not to be stereospecific. To further investigate the effect of alkylglycerol on cell proliferation, the content of the monoglycerides in ras-transformed cells was analyzed. These cells have lost contact dependent growth arrest indicating a disruption of cell growth regulation. We observed a massive increase in the content of alkylglycerol during the culture of ras transformed cells. This increase is 3 fold higher than MDCK or 3T3 cells. This raises the possibility that alkylglycerol may be the end result of an increased number of cell-cell contacts. We have observed an increase in the accumulation of alkylglycerol in normal and ras-transformed cells. This accumulation is accompanied by a decrease in PKC activity and alkylglycerol was shown to be a potent in vitro inhibitor of PKC. Similarly, alkylglycerol was shown to inhibit PKC $\alpha$ under stimulation by TPA. Alkylgylcerol is a inhibitor of the TPA induced induction of mitogenesis and slows the growth rate of proliferating cultures of 3T3 cells. These results indicate that the endogenous ether-linked glycerolipid, alkylglycerol, is a regulator of cell proliferation through its inhibitory effects on protein kinase C. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Burnette-Vick, Bonnie A. "Characterization of Two Temperature-sensitive Mutants of Escherichia Coli Exhibiting an Altered L22 Ribosomal Protein". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1991. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2645.
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Analysis of E. coli strains SK1047 and SK1048 have shown them to be temperature-sensitive, protein-synthesis deficient. An alteration in ribosomal protein L22 was detected in both strains using two dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein L22 was purified from both strains by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and from two dimensional electrophoretic gels. Purified ribosomal protein L22 was labeled by reductive methylation and used in 23S RNA binding assays with and without ribosomal protein L4. At the permissive temperature, protein L22 from SK1047 bound less efficiently than the control while protein L22 from SK1048 bound as efficiently as the control. At the restrictive temperature, both forms of mutant protein L22 bound less efficiently than the control. In both mutants, temperature sensitivity was mapped to the chromosomal region containing the rplV gene for ribosomal protein L22 using bacteriophage P1 transduction and bacteriophage $\lambda$ complementation. The wild type rplV gene subcloned into plasmid pLF1.0 was also shown to complement temperature sensitivity. The partial diploid nature of strains complemented by $\lambda$fus2 and plasmid pLF1.0 was verified when both wild type and mutant protein L22 were found on two dimensional gels. Reisolation of protein L22 from gels of $\lambda$fus2 complemented cells showed that both forms of protein L22 were in equal proportion irrespective of growth temperature. Reisolation of protein L22 from gels of plasmid pLF1.0 complemented cells showed that incorporation of the mutant protein exceeded the control protein at the permissive temperature; while the reverse was seen at the restrictive temperature. Temperature-shift experiments were conducted on complemented mutant cells to determine the effect of increased gene dosage on the coordinated regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis. Mutants complemented with $\lambda$fus2 exhibited normal cell growth, indicating that regulation was not effected. Cells transformed with plasmid pLF1.0 exhibited a reduction in growth possibly due to the disruption of balanced synthesis. The wild type and both mutant rplV genes were amplified using polymerase chain reaction and the PCR product was sequenced using primer extension. Sequencing of DNA from both mutants revealed the codon CGC for the amino acid arginine at position 8 in the protein chain was mutated to the TGC codon for the amino acid cysteine. The wild type ribosomal protein L22 contains no cysteine residues. The mutation was confirmed by testing control and mutant protein L22 for the presence of sulfhydryls using 4,4$\sp\prime$-dithiodipyridine. Ribosomal protein L22 isolated from both mutant strains was found to contain one cysteine sulfhydryl group.
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Chittum, Harold S. "A Molecular Basis for Erythromycin Sensitivity and Resistance in Escherichia Coli". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1993. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2655.
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The effect of erythromycin on the 50S ribosomal subunit during cell growth has been extensively investigated. Sucrose density gradient analysis of ribosomes formed in the presence and absence of the drug revealed a 50S specific assembly defect is partially responsible for erythromycin's inhibitory effects on wild type cells. Examination of two erythromycin-resistant mutants of E. coli (N281 and N282) revealed that mutant N281 (L22 mutant) but not N282 (L4 mutant) was assembly defective in the presence of the drug, although only at much higher drug concentrations (300 ug/ml vs. 75 ug/ml for wild type cells). The altered genes from each mutant have been isolated and sequenced. The L22 mutant was found to contain a 9 bp deletion which eliminated codons 82-84, and the sequence Met-Lys-Arg from the protein. The L4 mutant had an A to G transition mutation in codon 63 resulting in a Lys to Glu change in the protein. Complementation of each mutant by their respective wild type genes resulted in an increased sensitivity to the drug in the partial diploid strains. Two other macrolide antibiotics (oleandomycin and spiramycin) were also examined but revealed no apparent assembly effect on wild type cells. The MLS antibiotics also appeared to be unable to effect assembly. However, the erythromycin derivative azithromycin showed a similar effect on assembly to that of the parent compound although clarithromycin (another erythromycin derivative) did not. These results suggest erythromycin and azithromycin effect assembly through ribosomal protein L4 and to a lesser extent through protein L22.
Livros sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Study, Biological Sciences Curriculum, ed. Biological science : a molecular approach. 5a ed. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1985.
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Ivanishchev, Viktor (Victor). Molecular biology. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01857-6.
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The textbook presents the main range of issues in molecular biology — the most rapidly developing area of biological science. The logic of the presentation of the material includes sequential coverage of the structural organization and functions of DNA, RNA, proteins. Important attention is paid to the mechanisms of signal transmission in living systems, the problems of creating and using genetically engineered organisms. Each chapter ends with control questions and assignments for independent work. The textbook includes a set of laboratory and practical works that do not require specialized equipment and materials. The new edition has been supplemented and clarified, reflecting the current state of science. The content of the textbook corresponds to a number of competencies, the development of which is provided for by the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the preparation of bachelors in the fields of "Pedagogical Education" (profiles "Biology" and "Chemistry"), "Biology". Certain topics can be used in the preparation of masters in the fields of "Biology", "Chemistry", "Natural Science Education". The book is intended for students studying in natural sciences, and will also be useful for teachers of biology and chemistry of high school.
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1936-, Gruber Bruno, Yopp John H, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale., Vorarlberg (Austria) e United States. Office of Naval Research. Branch Office, London., eds. Symmetries in science IV: Biological and biophysical systems. New York: Plenum Press, 1990.
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A, Winternitz Katherine, e Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, eds. Biological science: A molecular approach. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath, 1996.
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Heather, Miller, e Witherow D. Scott, eds. Molecular biology techniques: A classroom laboratory manual. 3a ed. Oxford: Academic, 2012.
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Lewis, Ricki. Discovery: Windows on the life sciences. Malden, Mass: Blackwell Science, 2001.
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H, Blöcker, Frank R, Fritz Hans-Joachim, Stiftung Volkswagenwerk, Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (Germany) e Germany (West). Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie., eds. Chemical synthesis in molecular biology: Biological macromolecules with natural and modified monomer units. Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany: VCH, 1987.
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Petty, Howard R. Molecular Biology of Membranes: Structure and Function. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993.
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1928-, Watson James D., ed. Molecular biology of the gene. 5a ed. San Francisco, California: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2004.
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1928-, Watson James D., ed. Molecular biology of the gene. 5a ed. Delhi: Pearson Education, 2004.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Kubicek, CP. "Fungal Molecular Biology". In Biological Resource Management Connecting Science and Policy, 219–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04033-1_18.
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Bang, Heejung, e Marie Davidian. "Experimental Statistics for Biological Sciences". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 1–102. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-580-4_1.
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Bruguière, Catherine, e Denise Orange Ravachol. "Problematisation, Narrative and Fiction in the Science Classroom". In Shaping the Future of Biological Education Research, 21–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44792-1_2.
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AbstractThis paper focusses on the didactic functions of problematisation, narrative and fiction in the science classroom. The approach we propose to address these issues takes into account the epistemological specificities of biology (functionalist and historical sciences). Based on this epistemological foundation, we will first present the theoretical framework of problematisation developed over more than 20 years in France, before exploring the more recent notion of realistic fiction by situating it in relation to work in biology didactics that borrows from the frameworks of narrative and/or fiction. Our two-part paper aims to initiate a dialogue between these different theoretical frameworks and to question their points of convergence and divergence through examples taken from our research work (blood circulation, molecular renewal, animal metamorphosis). To what extent can fictional narratives contribute to constructing problematised biological knowledge? How does the shift to extra-ordinary modes of reasoning allow us to move away from storytelling?
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Huneman, Philippe. "Organisms: Between a Kantian Approach and a Liberal Approach". In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 127–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38968-9_7.
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AbstractThe concept of “organism” has been central to modern biology, with its definition and philosophical implications evolving since the nineteenth century. In contemporary biology, the divide between developmental and physiological approaches and evolutionary approaches has influenced the definition of organism. The convergence between molecular biology and evolutionary biology has led to the term “suborganismal biology,” while the return to the organism has been characterized by animal behavior studies and Evo-devo. The philosophical approach to the concept of individual is divided between a Kantian understanding of organism, which defines necessary and sufficient conditions for any X to be a “natural purpose,” and an evolutionary approach, which considers what a biological individual is and confers natural selection a key role in this definition. While the former aims to find necessary and sufficient conditions for an organism, the latter thinks in terms of conceptual spaces, being much more liberal in pointing out organisms in the world. The paper examines possible connections between these two approaches and assesses the prospects of a reconciliation between them.
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Caprioli, Richard M. "Imaging Mass Spectrometry – Molecular Microscopy for Biological and Clinical Research". In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology, 115–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1113-3_7.
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Peterson, Erik L. "A ‘Fourth Wave’ of Vitalism in the Mid-20th Century?" In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 173–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_10.
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AbstractIn his 1966 John Danz lectures, Francis H. C. Crick decried vitalism in the life sciences. Why did he do this three decades after most historians and philosophers of science regarded vitalism as dead? This essay argues that, by advocating the reduction of biology to physics and chemistry Crick was: (a) attempting to imbue the life sciences with greater prestige, (b) paving the way for bioengineering and the reduction of consciousness to molecules, and (c) trying to root out religious sentiment in the life sciences. In service of these goals, Crick deployed vitalism as a straw man enemy. His wave of so-called vitalists in the middle of the twentieth century in fact raised legitimate questions regarding the relationship of organisms to their DNA molecules that Crick was ill-equipped to answer. Moreover, most were not vitalists at all but advocates for what I term bioexceptionalism—an argument for the methodological utility of keeping biological pursuits within their own domains, distinct from physics and chemistry, regardless of the ontological status of living things. Nevertheless, Crick’s status as a “cross-worlds influencer” entrenched a philosophically-enervated reductionism in the life sciences for decades.
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Kanehisa, Minoru. "Molecular biology databases". In Post-Genome Informatics, 24–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198503279.003.0002.
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Abstract The current state of biology is arguably comparable to seventeenth century physics in terms of the stage of formulating the science. Biology is still an empirical discipline with little formulation of basic principles that can be used in a deductive way to predict various biological phenomena. The technologies of genetics and cell biology, started in the nineteenth century, and of molecular biology, started in the twentieth century, have finally made it possible to gather fundamental observables in biology. It is expected that empirical rules similar to Kepler s laws and basic principles similar to Newton s theory will come along. This is where the computerized databases play critical roles as the basis of our expanding knowledge in biology.
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Kuznetsov, Andrew. "Synthetic Biology as a Proof of Systems Biology". In Handbook of Research on Systems Biology Applications in Medicine, 97–115. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-076-9.ch005.
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Biologists have used a reductionist approach to investigate the essence of life. In the last years, scientific disciplines have merged with the aim of studying life on a global scale in terms of molecules and their interactions. Based on high-throughput measurements, Systems Biology adopts mathematical modeling and computational simulation to reconstruct natural biological systems. Synthetic Biology seeks to engineer artificial biological systems starting from standard molecular compounds coding in DNA. Can Systems and Synthetic Biology be combined with the idea of creating a new science—‘SYS Biology’ that will not demarcate natural and artificial realities? What will this approach bring to medicine?
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Pradeu, Thomas. "Philosophy of Biology". In The Philosophy of Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190690649.003.0012.
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The aim of this chapter is to address the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological questions bearing on the foundations of today’s life sciences. It discusses the main themes of the philosophy of evolutionary biology, asking what is meant by the idea of adaptation and reviewing the various answers to the units of selection problem. The latter considers on which biological entities—genes, genomes, cells, organisms, groups, species, and so forth—natural selection operates and is a nice illustration of how philosophy of biology situates itself at the frontier between philosophy and the most theoretical parts of biology. The chapter also presents recent debates over the notions of genetic programming and organismal development and the reduction of macromolecular biology to molecular biology.
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Asghar, Hira. "Application of Molecular Biology in Biotechnology". In Fundamentals of Cellular and Molecular Biology, 111–20. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815238037124010011.
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Molecular biology is the study of molecular interactions and structures that govern cellular processes. Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that utilizes biological systems to create new products and technologies. The application of molecular biology in biotechnology has revolutionized the way we understand and manipulate biological systems. This technology has enabled the development of new diagnostic tools, therapies, and drugs. The ability to manipulate DNA and RNA sequences has also allowed the creation of genetically modified organisms with desirable traits, including crops and animals. In addition, molecular biology has facilitated the development of gene therapy, where defective genes are replaced or repaired, and vaccines, where specific antigens are identified and synthesized. Integrating molecular biology and biotechnology has opened up vast opportunities for research and innovation in many fields, including medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. As a result, the application of molecular biology in biotechnology holds great promise for the future of science and technology.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Abbasi, Kanwal. "SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options". In IBRAS 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Juw, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/ibras/2021/85-86.
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Terekhova, Elena S., e Olga B. Startseva. "Developing VAK Classificator – SRSTI coverter as exemplified by the discipline 1.5.3 Molecular Biology". In Twenty Seventh International Conference and Exhibition «LIBCOM- 2023». Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-269-2-2024-101-109.
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The authors examine the problems of identifying semantic matches between scientific professions codes and SRSTI subject headings in the cases when several profiles of one profession exist, i.e. when the academic degree is awarded within several disciplines. The procedure is described by the example of the discipline 1.5.3 Molecular Biology within which four academic degrees can be awarded: physics and mathematics, engineering, biological and medical sciences.
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Kaksis, Aris, Agnese Brangule e Mihails Halitovs. "AN APPROACH TO TEACHING MEDICAL CHEMISTRY THAT HIGHLIGHTS INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF SCIENCE". In 1st International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education. Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2015.54.
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Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with questions concerning energies and work of a system. It is one of the key topics for understanding processes in the universe as well as any separate system like a gas mixture or a single cell in a biological system. Thermodynamics is included in the university curriculum for engineering, chemistry and physics students as well as medical student curriculum. This paper outlines the problems faced by first year medical students learning thermodynamics at Riga Stradinš University. We describe a medically relevant context based approach to teaching that demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of medical chemistry, molecular biology and biochemistry. Our method provides a model in which disciplinary barriers are diminished and increased effectiveness of teaching is achieved. Key words: interdisciplinary teaching, medical chemistry, thermodynamics, teaching and learning thermodynamics.
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Proksch, Gundula. "Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) for the Built Environment". In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.4.
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Over the past decade, the field of Engineered Living Materials (ELMs) has emerged, combining synthetic biology and material science to mimic the properties of natural living materials. ELM research aims to produce novel materials with tailored functions using genetically engineered organisms coupled with synthetic or biological polymers to create desirable features like self-repair and enhanced mechanical properties. ELMs have been applied in regenerative medicine, therapeutics, electronics, device engineering, computing, and construction in the built environment. ELMs are a rapidly growing field that is based on the convergence of synthetic biology with polymer science. The authors of this study are part of a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded project, in which we define ELMs as composite materials of engineered living cells encapsulated within a polymeric matrix. Our interdisciplinary research team comprises chemists, biochemists, bioengineers, mechanical engineers, and architects who develop ELMs for the built environment, which includes 3D-printable resins with engineered living cells that exhibit different functionalities. The focus of our lab-based research focuses on three main issues around innovative ELMs: (1) the ability to thrive in changing hydration levels (outdoor environment) and survive periods of low hydration levels, (2) the integration of photosynthetic active, productive cells in high-tech building membranes, and (3) the creation of ELMs clusters as resilient bioreactors for bioproduction. This study reports on the structure of this research project and the state of the science of ELMs research in general. It highlights the need for disciplinary collaboration on ELM research between chemistry, molecular biology, bioengineering, material science, architectural design, and beyond. The multidisciplinary discussion offered by this paper juxtaposes the science, built environment, and design perspectives on ELMs and touches on essential questions in this emerging field.
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Lipps, Jere H., Allen G. Collins e M. A. Fedonkin. "Evolution of biologic complexity: evidence from geology, paleontology, and molecular biology". In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, editado por Richard B. Hoover. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.319851.
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Salazar Moscoso, Marcela, Silvia Joly Ruiz Castellanos, Guillem Anglada Escudé e Laia Ribas Cabezas. "Hypergravity induces changes in physiology, gene expression and epigenetics in zebrafish". In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.044.
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All living organisms that inhabit Earth have evolved under a common value of gravity, which amounts to an acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 at mean sea level. Changes on it could cause important alterations that affect vital biological functions. The crescent interest in spatial exploration has opened the question of how exactly these changes in gravity would affect Earth life forms on space environments. This work is the result of a collaborative co-supervision of a master thesis between experts in the area of space sciences and biology, and it can serve as a case study for training experts in such interdisciplinary environments. In particular, we focus on the effect of gravity as a pressure factor in the development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in the larval stage as a model organism using up-to-date (genomic and epigenetic) techniques. Given the high cost of any experiment in true low gravity (which would require a space launch), we performed an initial experiment in hypergravity to develop the methodologies and identify good (epi)genetic markers of the effect of gravity in our model organism. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown how alteration in gravity effects the development and the gene expression of important regulatory genes. For this study, we firstly customized a small laboratory scale centrifuge to study changes in fish physiology together with changes at molecular levels. We exposed zebrafish larvae from 0 to 6 days post fertilization to the simulated hypergravity (SHG) (100 rpm 3g). After 6 days of hypergravity exposition the larvae showed changes in their swimming and flotation patterns, and presented corporal alterations. Then, we assessed gene expression of genes implicated in important biological processes, (e.g., epigenetics), and an upregulation were observed when compared to the control. Taken together, these preliminary findings show how gravity alterations could affect some basic biological responses, and illustrate the potential of developing new science cases to be developed by students at postgraduate level (MSc and beyond) in a multidisciplinary environment
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Schafer, Nicholas P., Radu Serban e Dan Negrut. "Implicit Integration in Molecular Dynamics Simulation". In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66438.
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Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is a versatile methodology that has found many applications in materials science, chemistry and biology. In biology, the models employed range from mixed quantum mechanical and fully atomistic to united atom and continuum mechanical. These systems are evolved in discrete time by solving Newton’s equations of motion at each time step. The numerical methods currently in use limit the step size of a typical all atom simulation to 1 femtosecond. This step size limitation means that many steps need to be taken in order to reach biologically relevant time scales. At each time step, an evaluation of the forces on each atom must be performed resulting in heavy computational loads. This work investigates the use of implicit integration methods in MD. Implicit integration methods have been proven superior to their explicit counterparts in classical mechanical simulation, with which MD has many similarities. Longer time steps reduce the number of force evaluations that must be performed and the corresponding computational load. Herein we present results that compare implicit integration techniques with the current standard for molecular dynamics, the explicit velocity Verlet integration scheme. Total energy conservation is used as a metric for evaluating the dependability of simulations in the microcanonical ensemble. In order to understand the nature of the problem, several long simulations were run and analyzed by performing a Fourier analysis on the position, velocity and acceleration signals. Lastly, several methods for improving the viability of implicit integration methods are considered including replacing the Jacobian used in the Quasi-Newton method with a constant, diagonal mass matrix, evaluating the Jacobian infrequently and finding a better prediction of the system configuration to improve the convergence of the Quasi-Newton method.
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Phillips, Winfred M. "Bioengineering: From Mechanics and Devices to Tissue Engineering and Genetics". In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ts-23402.
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Abstract The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines bioengineering as an interdisciplinary field that applies physical, chemical, and mathematical sciences and engineering principles to the study of biology, medicine, behavior, and health. Bioengineering advances knowledge from the molecular to the organ systems level, and develops new and novel biologics, materials, processes, implants, devices, and informational approaches for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, for patient rehabilitation, and for improving health. Enormous contributions to the advancement of health care have been made through bioengineering. It has been instrumental in establishing the United States as the world leader in health care technology, as evidenced by a $4.6 billion trade surplus for this sector in 1993. The field, through basic and applied research and technology assessment, has given us such devices as the pacemaker, orthopedic implants, and noninvasive diagnostic imaging. Bioengineers have developed new processes for manufacturing products in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. An example is the manufacturing of human insulin, the first product based on recombinant DNA technology, where bioengineering was critical to the ability to commercialize the product. These continuing contributions and unprecedented growth, focus, and opportunity in bioengineering will be a continuing frontier and opportunity for the United States and the world.
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Lima, Maria Paula Oliveira, e Luiz Fernando Moraes Silva. "ALTERAÇÕES EM REGIÕES NÃO-CODIFICADORAS DO GENOMA NO TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA". In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2316.
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Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) é definido como um transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento caracterizado por dificuldades de comunicação e interação social com padrões repetitivos e estereotipados de comportamento, sendo classificado como “espectro” porque concebe diferentes graus de gravidade. Sua etiologia ainda é desconhecida, mas existem indícios que variações genéticas diversas e fatores ambientais podem afetar o desenvolvimento do cérebro nesta condição. Mutações em regiões que regulam a expressão gênica no DNA codificante de proteínas (éxons) aumentam o risco de desenvolver autismo, e, recentemente foi descoberto que mutações em regiões do DNA não-codificante, antes referidas como “DNA lixo" por serem consideradas não funcionais, podem estar relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do transtorno. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre mutações em regiões não-codificadoras do DNA com o Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados do Google Scholar e PubMed. Foram revisados 10 artigos científicos, utilizando os descritores “Autismo” e “DNA não-codificante” escritos em Inglês e português, publicados de 2015 a 2021. Resultados: Cada indivíduo com autismo pode possuir diferentes variações em sua estrutura genômica. Cerca de 98% do genoma consiste em regiões não-codificantes, que incluem íntrons, regiões promotoras, regiões regulatórias, regiões não traduzíveis (UTRs) e outras que ainda precisam ser exploradas, devido sua amplitude. Em um estudo publicado pela revista Science, conduzido por Sebat, no qual o progresso está sendo baseado em estatísticas do sequenciamento do genoma completo realizado em famílias de indivíduos com TEA, os pesquisadores estavam interessados em partes do DNA não-codificante que regulam a expressão gênica. Foram identificados em indivíduos no espectro autista variantes estruturais nessas regiões, onde grandes sequências de DNA estavam invertidas, duplicadas ou deletadas, quando comparadas com a de seus familiares. Esse estudo também sugere que essas mutações genéticas em indivíduos autistas podem ter sido herdadas de seus pais. Conclusão: Variações genéticas funcionais e regulatórias que ocorrem nas extensas regiões de DNA não-codificante de proteínas ainda permanecem mal compreendidas, necessitando de mais pesquisas que busquem compreender melhor as funções desse tipo de DNA, para que seja possível evidenciar se existe essa associação com desenvolvimento do Transtorno do Espectro Autista.
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Almeida, Jamile Aislin Silva de, e Carla Yasmym De Carvalho Lima. "NUTRIGENÔMICA E AS DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA ENTRE OS POLIFORMISMOS E COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS". In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biologia Molecular On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2323.
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Introdução: A presença de poliformismos associados ao risco de Doenças Crônicas Não Transmissíveis (DCNTs) se tornou um despertar de interesse para a genômica nutricional, que tem como foco o estudo da relação gene-nutriente, uma vez que vários nutrientes e compostos bioativos podem ter um papel importante na diminuição de tais doenças nos indivíduos. Objetivo: Analisar a contribuição da nutrigenômica para precaver os casos de DCNT, como obesidade, Diabetes Mellitus II, câncer, doenças inflamatórias intestinais e outras complicações, durante os últimos 3 anos. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de 7 estudos retirados nas bases de dados SciElo, Web of, Science e Scopus. Publicados no período de 2018 e 2020, utilizando as palavras-chaves: “doenças crônicas não transmissíveis”, “nutrição”, “nutrigenômica” e “poliformismo”. Resultados: Estudos demonstraram que existem em nosso genoma diversos tipos de poliformismos, associados a incidência de DCNTs. Dentre eles temos os Poliformismos de Nucleotídeo Único (SNps) nos genes FTO; FADS1, ADRB2, LEPR, IL-6, LPIN1, AdipoR1, PPARγ, ZnT8, TCF7L2, BRCA1, PPM1K, RVD, DIO1-2, GPX-1,3, SEPHS1, SEPSECS e TXNRD2 e FOXO3. Com relação aos alimentos, temos aqueles à base de plantas, especialmente as frutas e hortaliças, que são fontes de uma variedade de compostos bioativos, como terpenóides, polifenóis, compostos de enxofre, alcalóides e poliaminas, em que a ingestão está ligado à proteção contra doenças crônicas. Compostos polifenóis, por exemplo, quando entram na via do fator nuclear κB (NF-κB) exercem a função de transcrição de vários genes, incluindo os que se relacionam com a produção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, quimiocinas e moléculas essenciais para a resposta inflamatória, que irão exerce importante ação no retardo de DCNTs. Conclusão: Os resultados nutrigenômicos servem como parâmetro para a análise das DCNTs no período de três anos. Mas, é necessário corroborar que elas são resultado de uma rede de fatores, não apenas genéticos e nutricionais, mas também, ambientais, como a prática de atividade física, uso de álcool e tabaco e fatores individuais. Sendo de grande relevância entender melhor a interação gene-nutriente e seu papel para a saúde da população portadora de DCNTs ou em processo de tratamento.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Science biological sciences biology molecular biology"
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Chakraborty, Srijani. Promises and Challenges of Systems Biology. Nature Library, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/nl.blog.09.
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Modern systems biology is essentially interdisciplinary, tying molecular biology, the omics, bioinformatics and non-biological disciplines like computer science, engineering, physics, and mathematics together.
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Microbiology in the 21st Century: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? American Society for Microbiology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.5sept.2003.
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The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium September 5–7, 2003, in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the central importance of microbes to life on earth, directions microbiology research will take in the 21st century, and ways to foster public literacy in this important field. Discussions centered on: the impact of microbes on the health of the planet and its inhabitants; the fundamental significance of microbiology to the study of all life forms; research challenges faced by microbiologists and the barriers to meeting those challenges; the need to integrate microbiology into school and university curricula; and public microbial literacy. This is an exciting time for microbiology. We are becoming increasingly aware that microbes are the basis of the biosphere. They are the ancestors of all living things and the support system for all other forms of life. Paradoxically, certain microbes pose a threat to human health and to the health of plants and animals. As the foundation of the biosphere and major determinants of human health, microbes claim a primary, fundamental role in life on earth. Hence, the study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all living things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on this planet. Microbiology research is changing rapidly. The field has been impacted by events that shape public perceptions of microbes, such as the emergence of globally significant diseases, threats of bioterrorism, increasing failure of formerly effective antibiotics and therapies to treat microbial diseases, and events that contaminate food on a large scale. Microbial research is taking advantage of the technological advancements that have opened new fields of inquiry, particularly in genomics. Basic areas of biological complexity, such as infectious diseases and the engineering of designer microbes for the benefit of society, are especially ripe areas for significant advancement. Overall, emphasis has increased in recent years on the evolution and ecology of microorganisms. Studies are focusing on the linkages between microbes and their phylogenetic origins and between microbes and their habitats. Increasingly, researchers are striving to join together the results of their work, moving to an integration of biological phenomena at all levels. While many areas of the microbiological sciences are ripe for exploration, microbiology must overcome a number of technological hurdles before it can fully accomplish its potential. We are at a unique time when the confluence of technological advances and the explosion of knowledge of microbial diversity will enable significant advances in microbiology, and in biology in general, over the next decade. To make the best progress, microbiology must reach across traditional departmental boundaries and integrate the expertise of scientists in other disciplines. Microbiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to harness the vast computing power available and apply it to better advantage in research. Current methods for curating research materials and data should be rethought and revamped. Finally, new facilities should be developed to house powerful research equipment and make it available, on a regional basis, to scientists who might otherwise lack access to the expensive tools of modern biology. It is not enough to accomplish cutting-edge research. We must also educate the children and college students of today, as they will be the researchers of tomorrow. Since microbiology provides exceptional teaching tools and is of pivotal importance to understanding biology, science education in schools should be refocused to include microbiology lessons and lab exercises. At the undergraduate level, a thorough knowledge of microbiology should be made a part of the core curriculum for life science majors. Since issues that deal with microbes have a direct bearing on the human condition, it is critical that the public-at-large become better grounded in the basics of microbiology. Public literacy campaigns must identify the issues to be conveyed and the best avenues for communicating those messages. Decision-makers at federal, state, local, and community levels should be made more aware of the ways that microbiology impacts human life and the ways school curricula could be improved to include valuable lessons in microbial science.