Livros: "Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs)"

1

Ritsner, Michael, ed. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0831-0.

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2

Ritsner, Michael S., ed. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume III. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0834-1.

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3

Ritsner, Michael S., ed. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0837-2.

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4

1950-, Gillberg Christopher, ed. The schizophrenias: A biological approach to the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. New York: Springer Pub. Co., 1996.

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5

service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I: Conceptual Issues and Neurobiological Advances. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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6

Woodberry, Kristen A., Emily Kline e Anthony J. Giuliano. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Editado por Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White e Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.17.

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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are among the most serious and complicated psychiatric disorders, particularly in children and adolescents. They have a major impact on all aspects of functioning, including family and social relationships, school, work, and self-care. While schizophrenia tends to develop in late adolescence and early adulthood, nonspecific abnormalities, prodromal symptoms, and a significant proportion of its incidence unfold before age 18. It behooves child and adolescent clinicians to be knowledgeable about and alert to the range of SSD clinical presentations. The chapter reviews the current state of the literature regarding the phenomenology, epidemiology, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of SSD within a developmental and systems framework. Although both evidence-based and promising practices are presented, these are all too often drawn from the adult literature, underscoring the pressing need for progress in developmentally sensitive assessment and treatment research with this population. Practice implications and future directions are briefly discussed.

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7

Schulz, S. Charles, Michael F. Green e Katharine J. Nelson, eds. Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199378067.001.0001.

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8

Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2016.

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9

Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Volume III. Springer, 2011.

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10

The Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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11

Staff, American Psychiatric Association. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: DSM-5 Selections. American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2015.

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12

Handbook Of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Phenotypic And Endophenotypic. Springer, 2011.

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13

Association, American Psychiatric. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: DSM-5® Selections. American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2015.

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14

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II: Phenotypic and Endophenotypic Presentations. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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15

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II: Phenotypic and Endophenotypic Presentations. Springer, 2014.

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16

Williams, J. Corey, e Hanna E. Stevens. Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS) Study. Editado por Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari e Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0009.

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This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry that addresses the treatment of youth with psychotic disorders. Are second generation antipsychotics superior to first generation antipsychotics in the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study locations, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints including treatment response and adverse events, results, and criticism and limitations. No differences in symptom change were found between groups, but each group had a specific set of adverse events that distinguished it. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

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17

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I: Conceptual Issues and Neurobiological Advances. Springer, 2011.

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18

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume I: Conceptual Issues and Neurobiological Advances. Springer, 2014.

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19

Ahmed, Iqbal, e Daryl Fujii. Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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20

Ahmed, Iqbal, e Daryl Fujii. Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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21

Ahmed, Iqbal, e Daryl Fujii. Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology and Pathogenesis. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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22

Wegmann, Joseph. Medicating the Split Mind: Schizophrenia and the Psychotic Spectrum Disorders. PESI, 2012.

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23

Treatment of Patients in the Borderline Spectrum. Jason Aronson, 1995.

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24

Treatment of patients in the borderline spectrum. Northvale, N.J: J. Aronson, 1988.

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25

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume III: Therapeutic Approaches, Comorbidity, and Outcomes. Springer Netherlands, 2014.

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26

Nuñez, Esmeralda Ibette. Not just being paranoid: Evaluating sources of anxiety in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. 2010.

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27

Lowdermilk, Elizabeth, Nicole Joseph e Robert E. Feinstein. The Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders in Integrated Primary Care. Editado por Robert E. Feinstein, Joseph V. Connelly e Marilyn S. Feinstein. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190276201.003.0013.

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Many patients with psychotic disorders, for systemic and personal reasons, are treated in primary care, even though there currently are no evidence-based integrated care models supporting this practice. This chapter describes the screening and salient clinical features of schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, management of emergencies, the biopsychosocial-cultural evaluation, differential diagnosis (medical and psychiatric), and medications and other treatments that can be delivered by an integrated multidisciplinary team. Psychiatric specialty services are also described, so that primary care referrals to specialty psychiatric services can be offered. Special considerations are outlined for the care and treatment of psychotic women and psychotic geriatric populations. The Denver Health Medical Center’s model of integrated care is introduced, including lessons learned during its development and implementation. An integrated care model for the treatment of psychotic disorders in primary care is proposed that unites best practices of specialty psychiatric care with the fundamentals of integrated care.

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28

Ritsner, Michael S. Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume III Vol. III: Therapeutic Approaches, Comorbidity, and Outcomes. Springer London, Limited, 2011.

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29

(Editor), Daryl Fujii, e Iqbal Ahmed (Editor), eds. The Spectrum of Psychotic Disorders: Neurobiology, Etiology & Pathogenesis. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

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30

Cohen, Alex S., Dallas A. Callaway e Tracey L. Auster. Schizophrenia. Editado por C. Steven Richards e Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.011.

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Depressive symptoms commonly occur in individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Empirical investigation of this comorbidity has revealed a number of interesting and potentially confusing findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize this literature, focusing on clinical, cognitive, behavioral, phenomenological, and neurobiological processes that are common and potentially disparate to these disorders. Additionally, the review will discuss four depression-related paradoxes that have emerged within the schizophrenia literature. It concludes with a brief summary of treatment considerations for patients with schizophrenia with co-morbid depressive symptoms. It is hoped that this chapter can serve as an organizing framework for future research and can help focus efforts on designing new treatments for ameliorating depression-related symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

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31

Meyer, Emma, Julie Walsh-Messinger e Dolores Malaspina. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Psychotic Disorders. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar e Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0012.

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Schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses are jointly considered in this chapter in light of the ongoing controversy concerning the diagnostic boundary between these conditions. Emil Kraepelin first separated schizophrenia (which he named dementia praecox) from manic-depressive insanity based on the deteriorating course of illness in schizophrenia, and the convention is still upheld in the DSM-5. A wealth of evidence suggests that this dichotomy does not mirror clinical reality. This chapter reviews the history of the diagnostic concepts underlying the grouping and separation of “the psychoses,” focusing on schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder.

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32

Gupta, Neha, Ajay Shah, Kamalika Roy, Varma Penumetcha e Mark Oldham. Clinical Aspects of Psychiatric Disorders. Editado por Isis Burgos-Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0005.

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In this chapter, clinical aspects of major psychiatric disorders listed in the DSM5 including intellectual-disability, attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar and related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders are reviewed

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33

Weisman de Mamani, Amy, Merranda McLaughlin, Olivia Altamirano, Daisy Lopez e Salman Shaheen Ahmad. Culturally Informed Therapy for Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780197500644.001.0001.

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This book is primarily designed for clinicians and researchers interested in learning how to conduct an empirically supported culturally informed therapy for schizophrenia (CIT-S) that integrates core components of evidenced-based family therapy. It is estimated that approximately 1% of adults in the United States will be diagnosed with schizophrenia or a related schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Without treatment, prognosis is generally poor. Fortunately, traditional family therapies have shown increasing promise in reducing relapse rates and improving mental health for this population. As more and more societies become multicultural, however, there is an increasing expectation that mental health providers will also be prepared to meet the needs of unique and culturally diverse clients in an efficient, skillful, and culturally relevant manner. CIT-S is a 15-week, family-focused, cognitive behavioral approach for managing schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The intervention draws upon clients’ cultural beliefs, practices, and traditions to help them conceptualize and manage mental illness. It aims to improve the quality of clients’ lives in a manner that is in line with their values and takes into account their cultural norms when discussing important issues and addressing challenges (such as mental illness) within the family. CIT-S contains five distinct modules: (a) family collectivism, (b) psychoeducation, (c) spirituality, (d) communication training, and (e) problem-solving. For each module, a detailed rationale, background information, therapy instructions, suggested homework assignments, and a sample case vignette are provided in an accessible, easy-to-use manner.

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34

Brink, Johann, e Todd Tomita. Psychotic disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0033.

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The presentation of psychotic disorders in jails and prisons can be quite complex and diverse. In addition to the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there are the many disorders of unclear etiology or secondary to the neurotoxic effects of substance abuse. In parallel, the provision of empirically informed care for incarcerated offenders with psychotic disorders presents significant clinical, security, and administrative challenges. However, strong scientific evidence exists that a configuration of interventions offers substantial benefit in the treatment of incarcerated individuals with psychotic disorders. Such a configuration incorporates both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Specifically, cognitive behavioral therapy, designed and presented within a risk-needs-recovery (R-N-R) framework, when combined with appropriate pharmacological interventions, has strong empirical support as best practice in the treatment of severe mental illness in the correctional population. Further, specific issues related to care coordination, treatment engagement and adherence, implementation of best practice, and treatment fidelity each contribute to resulting symptom reduction and functional improvement. Careful attention to reducing the risks of inappropriate polypharmacy through clinician feedback and practice monitoring is another critical element. This chapter discusses the evidence basis for appropriate treatment of the psychotic disorders and the range of opportunities for both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology in correctional settings.

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35

Brink, Johann, e Todd Tomita. Psychotic disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0033_update_001.

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The presentation of psychotic disorders in jails and prisons can be quite complex and diverse. In addition to the schizophrenia spectrum disorders, there are the many disorders of unclear etiology or secondary to the neurotoxic effects of substance abuse. In parallel, the provision of empirically informed care for incarcerated offenders with psychotic disorders presents significant clinical, security, and administrative challenges. However, strong scientific evidence exists that a configuration of interventions offers substantial benefit in the treatment of incarcerated individuals with psychotic disorders. Such a configuration incorporates both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Specifically, cognitive behavioral therapy, designed and presented within a risk-needs-recovery (R-N-R) framework, when combined with appropriate pharmacological interventions, has strong empirical support as best practice in the treatment of severe mental illness in the correctional population. Further, specific issues related to care coordination, treatment engagement and adherence, implementation of best practice, and treatment fidelity each contribute to resulting symptom reduction and functional improvement. Careful attention to reducing the risks of inappropriate polypharmacy through clinician feedback and practice monitoring is another critical element. This chapter discusses the evidence basis for appropriate treatment of the psychotic disorders and the range of opportunities for both psychotherapy and psychopharmacology in correctional settings.

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36

Bagby, R. Michael, Amanda Uliaszek, Tara M. Gralnick e Nadia Al-Dajani. Axis I Disorders. Editado por Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.5.

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The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and discuss the complex relationship between Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and clinical (Axis I) psychopathology, including depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, eating, schizophrenia and psychotic, trauma and stress-related, and substance use disorders. Considered herein will be the alternative forms of relationship, including vulnerability, common cause, pathoplasty, complication/scar, and spectrum. This chapter will highlight the necessity for well-designed, longitudinal studies aimed at elucidating the complex relationships between the FFM and clinical disorders. Consistent research supports Neuroticism as a vulnerability factor to certain disorders, even sharing genetic etiology. However, there are also important contributions for each of the other four domains. The majority of this research is in the area of mood and anxiety disorders. Expanding these studies to include other forms of psychopathology could help identify common personality vulnerabilities to psychopathology, as well as unique predictors of certain constellations of symptoms.

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37

Brennand, Kristen. Application of Stem Cells to Understanding Psychiatric Disorders. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar e Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0005.

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While much has been learned through clinical post-mortem and neuroimaging studies of patients and animal models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), these classical approaches have yet to fully elucidate the interaction of complex genetic risk factors on disease predisposition. The derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from patients with psychiatric disorders permits the study of the full complement of risk variants (known and unknown) that underlie disease predisposition, precisely in the cell types relevant to disease. The following chapter covers work to date regarding the advancements in the use of hiPSCs to model psychiatric disorders.

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38

McCarty, Richard. Stress and Mental Disorders: Insights from Animal Models. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190697266.001.0001.

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Stress has now been recognized as an important factor in the development or recurrence of various mental disorders, from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder to anxiety disorders. Stressful stimuli appear to exert their effects by acting upon individuals with susceptible genotypes. Over the past 50 years, animal models have been developed to study these dynamic interactions between stressful stimuli and genetically susceptible individuals during prenatal and postnatal development and into adulthood. This book begins with a discussion of the history of psychiatric diagnosis and the recent goal of moving toward precision psychiatry, followed by a review of clinical research on connections between stressful stimuli and the development of psychiatric disorders. Chapters are also included on neuroendocrine, immune, and brain systems involved in responses to stress. Additional chapters focus on the development of animal models in psychiatry and the susceptibility of the developing organism to stressful stimuli. Subsequent chapters are devoted to animal models of specific stress-sensitive psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These chapters also focus on the identification of promising molecular targets for development of new drug therapies; a chapter examines animal models of resilience to stress-induced behavioral alterations as a newer approach to understand why some animals (e.g., inbred mice) are susceptible to stress and others are resilient, even if they are essentially genetically identical. The final chapter discusses how these basic laboratory animal models are providing promising leads for future breakthroughs in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders.

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39

Cummings, Louise. Clinical Pragmatics. Editado por Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.001.

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Pragmatic disorders pose a barrier to effective communication in a significant number of children and adults. For nearly forty years, clinical investigators have attempted to characterize these disorders. This chapter examines the state of the art in clinical pragmatics, a subdiscipline of pragmatics that studies pragmatic disorders. The findings of recent empirical research in a range of clinical populations are reviewed. They include developmental pragmatic disorders found in autistic spectrum disorders, specific language impairment, intellectual disability and the emotional and behavioural disorders, as well as acquired pragmatic disorders in adults with left- or right-hemisphere damage, traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, and the dementias. Techniques used by clinicians to assess and treat pragmatic disorders are addressed. In recent years, theoretical frameworks with a cognitive orientation have increasingly been used to explain pragmatic disorders. Two such frameworks—relevance theory and theory of mind—will be examined in this essay.

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40

Hamblin, Rebecca J., Jennifer Moonjung Park, Monica S. Wu e Eric A. Storch. Variable Insight in OCD. Editado por Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0013.

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Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often have good insight into the irrational nature of their obsessions and the excessive character of their compulsions, but insight exists along a continuum and is markedly poor in some patients. This chapter reviews the assessment and phenomenological correlates of variable insight in OCD in both pediatric and adult populations. It reviews the definition of insight and its relationship to the evolution of diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder, as well as the major assessment tools used to measure and quantify insight for clinical and research purposes. The relationships between insight and clinical characteristics of OCD, including symptom severity, comorbidity, and treatment response are reviewed, followed by a review of neurobiological correlates of insight and the relationship between poor insight and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

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41

Barrett, Catherine E., e Larry J. Young. Molecular Neurobiology of Social Bonding. Editado por Turhan Canli. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199753888.013.001.

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Many psychiatric illnesses, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, and depression, are characterized by impaired social cognition and a compromised ability to form social relationships. Although drugs are currently available to treat other symptoms of these disorders, none specifically target the social deficits. In order to develop pharmacotherapies to enhance social functioning, particularly for ASD where social impairment is a core symptom, we must first understand the basic neurobiology underlying complex social behaviors. The socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has been a remarkably useful animal model for exploring the neural systems regulating complex social behaviors, including social bonding. Prairie voles form enduring social bonds between mated partners, or pair bonds, and display a biparental familial structure that is arguably very similar to that of humans. Here we discuss the neural systems underlying social bonding in prairie voles, including the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin, opioids, dopaminergic reward and reinforcement, and stress-related circuitry, as well as the susceptibility of social functioning to early life experiences. We highlight some of the remarkable parallels that have been discovered in humans, and discuss how research in prairie voles has already led to novel therapies to enhance social functioning in ASD.

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42

McCauley, Robert N., e George Graham. Hearing Voices and Other Matters of the Mind. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190091149.001.0001.

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This book endorses an ecumenical naturalism toward all cognition, which will illuminate the long-recognized and striking similarities between features of mental disorders and features of religions. The authors emphasize underlying cognitive continuities between familiar features of religiosity, of mental disorders, and of everyday thinking and action. They contend that much religious thought and behavior can be explained in terms of the cultural activation of maturationally natural cognitive systems, which address fundamental problems of human survival, encompassing such capacities as hazard precautions, agency detection, language processing, and theory of mind. The associated skills are not taught and appear independent of general intelligence. Religions’ representations cue such systems’ operations. The authors hypothesize that in doing so they sometimes elicit responses that mimic features of cognition and conduct associated with mental disorders. Both in schizophrenia and in religions some people hear alien voices. The inability of depressed participants to communicate with or sense their religions’ powerful, caring gods can exacerbate their depression. Often religions can domesticate the concerns and compulsions of people with OCD. Religions’ rituals and pronouncements about moral thought-action fusion can temporarily evoke similar obsessions and compulsions in the general population. A chapter is devoted to each of these and to the exception that proves the rule. The authors argue that if autistic spectrum disorder involves theory-of mind-deficits, then people with ASD will lack intuitive insight and find inferences with many religious representations challenging. Ecumenical naturalism’s approach to mental abnormalities and religiosity promises both explanatory and therapeutic understanding.

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