Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Satiaty"
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Ambli, Mouna. "Identification de nouvelles voies de valorisation en lien avec la santé pour des hydrolysats de collagène d'origines différentes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR040.
The constant increase in the number of people suffering from obesity and its associated pathologies, grouped under the term metabolic syndrome, urgently requires implementing preventive solutions. Proteins and, more specifically, bioactive peptides, derived from the digestion of these proteins, constitute interesting solutions with very high added value for agri-food companies in a context of valorization of by-products combining health, rational consumption and circular economy. This thesis studied three types of gelatines, beef, pork and fish, and their hydrolysates to investigate their health benefits.All six matrices were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), mimicking the first three phases of digestion: oral, gastric and intestinal.The first study focused on the characterization of the matrices by steric exclusion chromatography and mass spectrometry. This step highlighted differences in peptide populations that could lead to differences in bioactivities depending on the matrices digested. Concerning bioactivities, the study focused on the capacity of digests from the intestinal phases to i) induce the secretion of intestinal hormones, ii) inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)activity, an enzyme involved in glucose metabolism via the cleavage of incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and iii) reduce the inflammatory status of the intestinal epithelium.The digests were tested on enteroendocrine cells, STC-1, capable of secreting a range of intestinal hormones implicated in regulating food intake and glucose metabolism, such as GLP-1 and cholecystokinins (CCK). Pork gelatine digests have been shown to stimulate the secretion of these hormones significantly.Regarding the inhibition of DPP-IV, several strategies have been used. The first, using in vitro recombinant human DPP-IV, and the second in situ, using an intestinal cell model (Caco-2) expressing the enzyme, revealed that fish gelatine hydrolysate digest is the protein source with the most significant inhibitory power. Two peptide sequences of interest, derived from fish gelatine hydrolysate digest, were successfully identified after passage through the intestinal barrier, simulated using a Caco-2 / HT-29-MTX cell coculture by mass spectrometry analysis and optimization of bioinformatics prediction tools. The peptides were then synthesized and validated as effective in vitro inhibitors of plasmatic DPP-IV in human serum.In an innovative intestinal barrier model, the digested sources were also studied in vitro in the context of inflammation. As a result, some of them reduced the amounts of interleukin-8 secreted by intestinal cells to the same level as the anti-inflammatory control, traducing a decrease in the inflammatory state of the intestinal barrier.These results highlight the bioactivities of the peptides derived from these gelatines, protein by-products of the agri-food industry, which could, in a personalized diet approach, prevent pathologies linked to metabolic syndrome and improve the quality of life of patients. They also contribute to a better understanding of the bioactivity of food proteins at the intestinal level
Peacock, Amanda Nicola. "Satiety signalling in obese children and adolescents". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22868/.
Willbond, Stephanie. "The pre meal priming of gastrointestinal satiety factors". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28038.
Blackmore, Megan Elaine. "The Influences of Breakfast Cereal Composition on Satiety". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BlackmoreME2008.pdf.
West, Jenelle T. "Hunger and Satiety in Recovering Eating Disorder Patients". DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5514.
Mendes, Nuno Eduardo dos Anjos Serra. "Evaluation of different natural ingredients as satiety inductors". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8056.
Using natural ingredients to combat obesity has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional therapies which present many side effects. Satiety induction by the ingestion of certain natural compounds has been proven to be an interesting strategy. In this context, the present study had the following objectives: - Isolation of rucola, watercress and spinach, plum and tomato waste and cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica extracts, rich in compounds with the potential to induce a prolonged feeling of satiety - Assess the satiety inducing potential of isolated extracts using two enzymatic methods: - Inhibition of pancreatic lipase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of complex lipids into simple and easily absorbable fat, which when inhibited is associated with a prolongation of satiety and a reduction in fat absorption, being the therapeutic target of Orlistat (the most common anti-obesity drug) - Inhibition of trypsin’s proteolytic activity, which is associated with a prolongation of satiety as it promotes the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK), a polypeptide which regulates pancreatic enzyme release, which not only promotes satiety but also slows gastric emptying. In this work a method for extracting thylakoids, which are potent inhibitors of pancreatic lipase,was optimized. In addition to spinach, this method was applied for the first time to rucola and watercress. The extracts from these three matrixes exhibited lipase inhibitory activity, with spinach being the most efficient one. Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from plum residue, rich in polyphenols and saponins, which also showed efficient inhibitory capacity of pancreatic lipase. A protocol was optimized for the extraction of proteins which applied to the plum residue,tomatoes and cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica. Only the opuntia and tomato extracts presented effective inhibition of trypsin’s proteolytic activity.
Park, Ji S. "CYCLIC GMP: A SATIETY SIGNAL IN C. ELEGANS". VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3851.
Gendron, Christopher Joseph. "The Effect of Cranberry Juice on Glycemia and Satiety". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GendronC2011.pdf.
Meyer, Danielle Susan. "Influence of Potato Type on Satiety and Related Responses". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MeyerDS2008.pdf.
Michaels, Beth. "The effect of protein source on satiety in rats /". Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203548351&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Yiin, Yeh-Min 1975. "Acquisition of odor-cued fasting-anticipatory satiety in rats". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29489.
Logan, Amanda Lynn. "Satiety induced by neuropeptide FF and gastrin in birds". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83786.
Master of Science
Kong, Kai Ling. "Effects of kefirs on glycemic, insulinemic and satiety responses". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
Luca, Marciani Laurea. "EPA of gastric function : the effects of physical factors in food". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368241.
Hollis, James H. "A study of food intake and nutrition in the elderly". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275923.
Rathod, Yakshkumar Dilipbhai. "The feeding pattern of C57BL/6J mice". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright15988948196526.
Touyarou, Peio. "Formulation, caractérisation et validation d'un pain satiétogène". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668177.
Magrane, Elijah James. "The Effects of Blueberry Consumption on Satiety and Glycemic Control". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MagraneEJ2009.pdf.
Dibsdall, Louise Anne. "Physiological and sensory influences on food intake in learnt satiety". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364518.
Welcher, Robin M. "Pre-meal beverage consumption affects hunger, satiety and energy intake". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009welcherr.pdf.
Allirot, Xavier. "Le fractionnement alimentaire : une stratégie pour mieux contrôler son appétit ? : quels impacts sur la balance énergétique ? : approche physiologique et développement d’une méthodologie d’étude expérimentale du comportement alimentaire en situation écologique de restauration". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10242/document.
This thesis project consists in studying the effects of eating smaller more frequent meals, with no change in energy intake, on appetite and energy balance in normal weight and obese subjects. The first objective was methodological: we proposed and validated an original methodology for studying appetite, based on the duplication of the same protocol in two different research centers, and the use of an experimental restaurant, reproducing an ecological meal situation. This methodology enables to answer two methodological issues. Firstly, it allows an integrated approach of appetite, associating subjective (hunger and satiety feelings), physiological (biomarkers of appetite: ghrelin and GLP -1) and behavioral (food intake, choices and eating rhythms) measurements. Secondly, the ecological character of the eating situation we proposed, ensure a good external validity of the results. The second objective was to assess, thanks to this methodology, the short term consequences of eating smaller more frequent meals on subjective appetite, on hormones that regulates appetite, on eating behaviors during the subsequent meal, and on metabolic orientations. In normal weight subjects, subjective, physiological and behavioral approaches showed a decrease in appetite after eating smaller more frequent meals, while in obese subjects we did not obtain the same beneficial behaviors: obese subjects did not consume less energy during the subsequent meal. Metabolic results showed the same effects in both normal weight and obese subjects: insulin concentrations were maintained above their basal level, leading to an extended inhibition of lipolysis, characterized by a decrease in plasmatic concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Eating smaller more frequent meals also decreased energy expenditure via diet induced thermogenesis. This work highlights the fact that eating smaller more frequent meals may be beneficial in normal weight individuals in order to better control appetite, but it does not seem to be an adequate strategy in obese individuals. The effects on energy expenditure and metabolic orientations, potentially negative, should be studied over a longer period
Trigazis, Leonidas. "Involvement of cholecystokinin¦A receptors in protein-induced satiety in rats". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ27743.pdf.
Clarke, Sharon N. D. A. "The impact of ovarian hormones and cholecystokinin on palatability and satiety". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq28482.pdf.
Wong, Ka-hei, e 黃家禧. "Novel function of spexin as a satiety factor in feeding control". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207994.
published_or_final_version
Biological Sciences
Master
Master of Philosophy
Lesdema, Aurélie. "Etude de l'effet combiné des fibres et des protéines sur la satiété et influence des paramètres psychologiques". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0093.
In the general context of weight management, the development of food with higher satiating power appears to be an interesting alternative or a complementary answer to the proposition of calorie-reduced diets. The main aim of this thesis was to evaluate the single and combined satiating effects of proteins and fibres in biscuits and the influence of psychological factors, such as a given message about a food, on satiety. As for cognitive parameters, considering Stunkard and Messick guidelines about TFEQ limits, young French adults aged 20–39 yrs have low cognitive restraint, disinhibition and hunger scores. This finding makes it possible to suggest new limits for the TFEQ scores better adapted to this category of the population which is often used in clinical studies. We used these limits to define our groups of volunteers in the study about the influence of a message on satiety. It was found that giving a message on the satiating potential of a food may affect a sub-group of the population, such as low-restrained high-disinhibited women. To optimize the selection of the prototypes used in the clinical study about fibre and protein effects on satiety, we developed a new successful methodology to train a panel of sensorial experts in satiety assessment. A combination of fibre and protein in biscuits reduces appetite sensations more than do single enrichment in fibre or protein. The mixing of fibre and protein activates mechanisms which are induced by fibre (such as reduced insulinemia and slowed gastric emptying) and protein (such as reduced glycaemia). In conclusion, this integrative approach on satiety brings new knowledge about the synergistic effect of fibre and protein on appetite sensations. It proposes a new methodology using sensory and nutrition expertise to assess the satiety power of products and it also highlights the importance of psychometric traits in human food studies.Key words: Satiety, Fibres, Proteins, Three-Factor Eating questionnaire, Satiety message, training in satiety assessment
Irvine, Michael. "Expected satiation and expected satiety : an exploration of their correlates and causes". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535171.
Alonso, Benito de Celis. "An EPI and fMRI assessment of the effect of viscosity on satiety". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423276.
Gadah, Nouf Saleh. "Liquid calories : an investigation of the satiety effects of sugar-sweetened beverages". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680129.
Gallagher, Thomas. "REGULATION OF SATIETY QUIESCENCE: CYCLIC GMP, TGF BETA, AND THE ASI NEURON". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3254.
Gallagher, Thomas L. "Regulation of satiety quiescence| Cyclic GMP, TGF beta, and the ASI neuron". Thesis, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610909.
The worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-studied model organism in numerous aspects of its biology. This small free living nematode has less than 1,000 cells, but shows clear conservation in both signaling and behavior to mammals in aspects of appetite control. This is of importance to humans, where failure of appetite control is a major factor in the unprecedented obesity epidemic that we see today.
In general, worm behavior reflects its internal nutritional state and the availability and quality of food. Specifically, worms show a behavioral state that mimics aspects of the mammalian behavioral satiety sequence, which has been termed satiety quiescence. We have used locomotion tracking and Hidden Markov Model analysis to identify worm behavioral state over time, finding quiescence along with the established worm locomotive behaviors roaming and dwelling. Using this analysis as well as more conventional cell biology and genetic approaches we have further investigated satiety signaling pathways. We have found that the neuron ASI is a major center of integration of signals regarding the internal nutritional state of the worms as well as the nutritional content of its environment. Our results show that cGMP causes levels of the TGFβ ligand to be increased in fasted worms, which is then released and binds to its receptor on the RIM and RIC neurons. This signaling connects nutritional state to behavioral response, promoting the sleep-like behavioral state satiety quiescence. Additionally, we have begun a candidate approach examining several other groups of signaling molecules for potential roles in satiety quiescence signaling including cannabinoids, multidrug resistance proteins, and neuropeptides. The result of this investigation is a better understanding of mechanisms of satiety quiescence signaling as well as a new tool that provides highly quantitative, unbiased, and automated data to aid in our ongoing work.
Lee, Ya Ping. "Effects of lupin kernel flour on satiety and features of the metabolic syndrome". University of Western Australia. School of Medicine and Pharmacology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0053.
Brown, Christine Lorraine. "The effects of processing of oat grain cereals on glycemic response and satiety". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0009/MQ40823.pdf.
Woodend, Dianne. "The effect of sucrose and safflower oil preloads on satiety, mood and memory". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ49777.pdf.
Hall, Wendy Louise. "Investigation of the physiological mechanisms modulating amino acid-induced satiety in human beings". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804419/.
McCrickerd, Keri. "Optimising beverages for satiety : the role of sensory characteristics, expectations and nutrient content". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51674/.
Taulemesse, François. "Analyse écophysiologique et génétique de l’absorption d’azote post-floraison chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) en relation avec la concentration en protéines des grains". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22581/document.
Grain protein concentration is one of the major qualitative criteria of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) economic and technological value. However, the negative relationship existing between protein concentration and grain yield implies that grain protein concentration improvement is complex to achieve without detrimental effect on grain yield. Breeding programs based on the deviation to this negative relationship (Grain protein deviation of GPD) have been proposed to be a suitable strategy to improve grain nitrogen concentration without detrimental effects on yield. At a physiological level, GPD is strongly correlated with genotypes aptitude to uptake nitrogen after flowering independently of the nitrogen amount already taken up before this stage, suggesting that satiety for nitrogen could be involved in its establishment. Breeding for GPD implies however a more detailed knowledge of the processes implied in nitrogen uptake regulation by nitrogen plant satiety. This would allow targeting traits both simple to measure and robustly associated with this increased capacity to accumulate proteins in grains.The present study is based on two experiments carried on under controlled conditions and a third led under field conditions. In all experiments, various levels of pre-flowering fertilization were applied in order to obtain contrasted plant nitrogen status at flowering. Nitrogen status effect on post-flowering nitrogen uptake was observed under various post-flowering N availability conditions. Physiological and molecular measurements were carried out in parallel with uptake measurements.We highlighted that post-flowering nitrogen uptake has an elaborate dynamic, suggesting the involvement of complex regulations. Among these, plant nitrogen status at flowering determines to a great extent the amount of nitrogen taken up during the days following flowering (early PANU, from flowering to flowering +250 °C.days-1). Early PANU appears to be a strong determinant of grain protein concentration, as strong positive correlations were observed between these two traits both under controlled conditions and field conditions, independently of grain yield level. The study of two genotypes strongly contrasted for GPD highlighted that, despite comparable N status, early PANU is subjected to strong genetic variations which tend to identify N satiety as a determinant of GPD.The present study identified robust markers of GPD of potential use in plant breeding. At a physiological level, post flowering stem elongation appears to be a promising marker of GPD since this trait is strongly correlated with early PANU. At a molecular level, root nitrate concentration, a trait submitted to genetic variations, is also proposed as a marker of GPD because of its role in the expression regulation of the genes governing nitrogen uptake and assimilation
Gallouin-Grandpierre, François. "Evolution historique des concepts de faim, satiété, appétits". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010680.
This thesis is the most important work about the historical changes in the concepts of hunger, satiety and appetite. Across the four hundred and twenty pages and the five hundred and forty references, the author reports the point of view of philosophs, naturalists, scientists, physiologists and pathologists concerning this concepts. This study begins in the early times of prehistory and finishes actually. The nutritionnals aspects take place in the beginning of the nineteen century with F. Magendie, F. Longet, P. Flourens and Cl. Bernard. The discovery of the feeding centers dates of 1940's with the works J. Mayer, Heterington and Ranson, Anand and Bbrobeck, and J. Le Magnen
Parkinson, Jonathan R. "Optimizing product variant placement to satisfy market demand /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1805.pdf.
Parkinson, Jonathan Roger. "Optimizing Product Variant Placement to Satisfy Market Demand". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/855.
Huprich, Madeline R. "Association of Post Intervention Fullness Factor and Dietary Intake, Blood Pressure, and BMI among Hypertensive Adolescents on a DASH Dietary Intervention". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1626357048879824.
Forester, Shavawn Marie. "The Implications of Eating or Skipping Breakfast| Physiology, Behavior, and the Satiety Hormone Response". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3565390.
Population based descriptive studies, clinical trials, and evidence analysis of the literature have identified regular breakfast consumption as opposed to breakfast omission, as a habit independently associated with a more healthy weight. Recent studies have identified differences in insulin sensitivity and satiety hormones between breakfast eating and skipping groups, which help to explain the association between breakfast consumption and weight regulation. Evaluation of fasting insulin sensitivity, behavior, and the postprandial satiety response between breakfast groups were used to further elucidate the physiologic response to skipping breakfast.
First, through a review of the literature the proposed physiologic response to consuming breakfast as well as omitting breakfast is presented. A connection is made between the satiety hormone response and key components of the breakfast meal, which include composition, caloric load, energy density, volume, and time of day. The review findings suggest that breakfast consumption as opposed to breakfast omission stimulates a physiologic response that may help promote a healthy body weight.
Chapter 2 examines if self reported habitual breakfast skipping was related to fasting insulin resistance in a sample of 321 adults. Participants completed a questionnaire that focused on eating occurrences throughout the day and were then classified by how frequently they ate breakfast. Breakfast eating was related to fasting insulin and HOMA2-IR, both before and after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and exercise. These data suggest that fasting insulin resistance is affected by breakfast omission, and supports previous intervention studies that report a decline in postprandial insulin action after breakfast omission.
Chapter 3 evaluates the relationship between cognitive perception and the satiety hormone response. In a crossover intervention, satiety hormones (insulin and GLP-1), the hunger hormone ghrelin, and subjective ratings of meal satisfaction and eating behavior were compared before and after a low or high fiber breakfast meal. We found that reported perceptions of meal satisfaction, the perception of the breakfast meal, and the behavioral description of cognitive restraint can influence the physiologic regulation of satiety hormones measured in response to meal ingestion. Further evaluation of food consumption habits should consider cognitive perception as it may be important for optimal satiety and influence food intake regulation.
Lastly, chapter 4 was a cross-sectional study to assess the hormones insulin, leptin, GLP-1, and glucagon following a standard lunch meal in 30 women who were habitual breakfast eaters or habitual skippers. We found clear differences in circulating hormones between breakfast eaters and breakfast skippers even though all participants had similar hormone values at the start of the protocol. Our data further support the idea that regularly eating breakfast promotes changes in the postprandial pattern of satiety hormones.
Hill, A. J. "Investigation of some short-term influences on hunger, satiety and food consumption in man". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376512.
Ballinger, Anne Barbara. "Secretion of cholecystokinin and its physiological role in the control of satiety in humans". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265116.
Hovard, Peter. "The role of cognitive, sensory and nutrient interactions in satiation and satiety : considering consumers". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/63963/.
Bradbeer, Jennifer. "Self-structuring foods based on acid-sensitive gellan gum systems to impact on satiety". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5169/.
Pirrone, Claudio. "Théorie du développement territorial dans une économie de satiété". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787507.
Turan, Bulent. "Two knowledge structures needed to satisfy the attachment motive /". May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Petitjean-Villemejane, Cindy. "Formulation raisonnée de biscuits à bénéfice satiété : approches physicochimique, nutritionnelle et sensorielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0007.
Cookies enriched with protein and/or fiber, and containing little fat and sugar, were formulated by optimizing both compositional parameters, in particular the water content of the dough, and process parameters such as kneading, shaping by rotary molding machine and baking. Formulation tools have been developed to optimize this phase. These include a sensory tool for predicting the machinability of molded doughs, and a mathematical tool for predicting the hydration of cookie doughs as a function of their protein and/or fiber composition. The first prototyping stage, carried out on a laboratory scale, resulted in the formulation of around 250-300 recipes. The prototypes then underwent three successive multi-criteria selections (250-300 -> 40 -> 14 -> 4 recipes), with product manufacture carried out at pilot scale. The transfer of scale from laboratory to pilot was optimized by precisely identifying the control and state variables in the cookie production diagram. The prototyping stage enabled the selection of relevant candidates (proteins and fibers) for enrichment. From the initial 250-300 recipes, 40 were selected on the basis of composition and machinability criteria, and were characterized from a sensory point of view (carried out by Kraft). From these 40 recipes, 14 were selected to be representative of the sensory space generated by the 40 recipes. On these 14 recipes, satiation and satiety studies were carried out by other project participants (task 2 and task 3), leading to the final selection of 4 recipes: a control recipe, a protein-enriched recipe, a fiber-enriched recipe and a protein + fiber-enriched recipe. In vitro digestions were carried out on these 4 models, using a sophisticated and dynamic tool, TIM-1, to follow the evolution of viscosity and hydrolysis of proteins and starch along the gastrointestinal tract. The instrumental characterizations carried out on selected products at different stages of the selection process demonstrated the importance of the effect of dough hydration and/or protein and/or fiber enrichment on i) the dimensional properties of dough pieces and cookies, ii) the rheological properties at cookie breakage, iii) the state of starch after baking, and iv) the contribution to viscosity and component degradation during digestion. These characterizations also ensured good reproducibility during the different phases of industrial production. The results of the in vitro digestions will be compared with those of the in vivo study
Borine, Meredith I. "Parenting Style Influences on Appetite Regulation in African American Children and the Effect of the FTO Gene". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/176039.
M.S.
Purpose: Indulgent parent feeding-styles have been associated with higher child body mass index (BMI); more direct influences on children's eating are not well characterized. This study examined whether African American (AA) children exhibited poorer appetite regulation when mothers had an indulgent feeding style relative to other feeding styles. This study also examined whether the FTO gene influenced the relationship between feeding style and appetite regulation. Methods: An observational design was used to evaluate the association of maternal feeding styles with child appetite among 100 obese and non-obese AA children aged 5-6 y. The Child Feeding Styles Questionnaire was used to categorize maternal feeding styles as authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent or uninvolved. Observed child satiation was measured at 4 laboratory-based dinner meals (portion sizes 100%, 150%, 200%, and 250% of those offered in reference condition). Change in energy intake across the 4 meals was estimated using a random slope mixed effects linear model. Parents' reports of child satiety responsiveness were assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Child BMI percentile and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated using measured height and weights. Generalized linear models were used to predict child appetite using parental feeding styles (covariates: gender, child BMI, maternal education, and income). The study center collected DNA and RNA through saliva samples from each child participant. Of the 100 children enrolled, 32 obese children and a random sample of 32 non-obese children were selected for genotyping and expression analysis. This resulted in the genotyping of three FTO gene SNPs, rs9939609, rs3751812 and rs8050136. FTO mRNA levels were measured using TaqMan Gene Expression Assays. Results: Children of indulgent feeders showed lower satiation compared to other children by consuming more energy as food portion sizes were systematically increased (p Conclusions: These findings provide new evidence that indulgent feeding-styles are associated with poorer appetite regulation among AA children.
Temple University--Theses
Orloski, Alexandria. "Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Objective and Perceived Satiety Among 7- to 9- Year Old Children". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/342581.
M.S.
Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) imparts umami taste associated with proteins and is known to act as a flavor-enhancer. Several adult studies and a recent study of infants suggests that MSG may also have beneficial effects on appetite by promoting satiety. This research is the first to assess effects of MSG on perceived and objective satiety among children. Methods: A between-subjects design (MSG+ or MSG-) was used to evaluate the effect of adding MSG to a soup pre-load on subsequent satiety among children aged 7-9 years. Children were randomly assigned to experimental condition (MSG+ or MSG-). Perceived hunger and fullness were evaluated prior to and following consumption of the pre-load using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Objective satiety was assessed using weighed food intake methods at an ad libitum meal following the preload. Results: Children in the MSG+ condition showed greater decreases in perceived hunger following the consumption of the pre-load than children in the MSG- condition (F=4.05, p<0.05). Total energy intake at the ad libitum meal did not vary by MSG condition. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence that MSG may reduce perceived hunger among 7- to 9- year old children.
Temple University--Theses