Teses / dissertações: "Sale of Alcohol"

1

Stephenson, Stefanie L. "Kentucky pharmacists' opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol in pharmacies". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1180785.

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The objective of the study was to augment important findings from a 1996 statewide survey of Indiana pharmacists regarding their opinions and practices related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol in pharmacies. More specifically, this study was designed (1) to determine opinions and practices of Kentucky pharmacists' related to the sale of cigarettes and alcohol; (2) compare these findings with results from the Indiana study; and (3) to gather information on health promotion activities by Kentucky pharmacists. A structured survey questionnaire was designed and reviewed by a jury of experts and subsequently administered to half of the 1182 pharmacies in Kentucky. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Findings reveal that 45% of responding pharmacists sell cigarettes in their stores although 88% think their stores should not sell cigarettes. Approximately 34% of pharmacies in non-dry counties sell alcoholic beverages while more than four-fifths of the pharmacists (81%) think pharmacies should not sell alcoholic beverages. After adjusting by type of pharmacy, no statistical difference was found in retail-chain pharmacy sales of cigarettes and alcohol in either Kentucky or Indiana. However, independent pharmacies in Kentucky were less likely to sell cigarettes and alcohol compared to independent Indiana pharmacies. Study results also revealed that most pharmacists agree the use of cigarettes and alcohol are important causes of morbidity and pre-mature mortality and that pharmacists should play a role in health promotion and disease prevention through their relationship with the public.
Department of Physiology and Health Science

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Hillery, DeAnna L. "The sale of cigarettes and alcohol by Indiana pharmacies and their familiarity with public health resources : a descriptive study". Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221316.

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The focus of the study was to examine the extent to which pharmacies in Indiana are currently selling cigarettes and alcohol, the current opinions of pharmacists, to compare findings with the previous 1996 Indiana study and to determine pharmacists' familiarity with available public health resources. A survey questionnaire was designed based on previous studies. It was reviewed by a jury of experts and subsequently administered to the randomly selected pharmacies in Indiana. Of those pharmacies that were included in the study, 74.4% were returned. Collected data were analyzed and compared to findings from 1996 using descriptivestatistical methods.Findings revealed that fewer pharmacies sold cigarettes in 2001 (58.1%) than in 1996 (63.7%). Alcohol sales continued at 206 (43.7%) of pharmacies currently selling alcoholic beverages, which is relatively the same level as in 1996, 202 (41.9%) of pharmacies. There is an increasing trend in pharmacists that believe pharmacies should be selling neither cigarettes (+7.2%) nor alcohol (+4.7). Most pharmacists' (64%) agree that they play asignificant role in health promotion/disease prevention to the public, yet only 42.6% involve themselves with publichealth promotion activities. The capability of pharmacists to refer people to outside resources for educational needsis limited. Over three-fourths of pharmacists are either completely unfamiliar with or have no opinion about thethree most well-funded public health programs in the state of Indiana.
Department of Physiology and Health Science

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Shoveller, Jean Anne. "A constant comparative analysis of opposition campaign leaders' experiences during a controversial referendum about alcohol sale initiated by a commercial interest". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25160.pdf.

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4

Trolldal, Björn. "Availability and sales of alcohol : experiences from Canada and the U.S. /". Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-479.

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McNeill, Samantha J. "North Carolina alcohol law enforcement compliance checks do characteristics of the seller predict alcohol sales to minors? /". View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-1/rp/mcneills/samanthamcneill.pdf.

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Freitas, Frederico Ribeiro de. "INTERPRETAÇÃO CIVIL-CONSTITUCIONAL E JURISPRUDENCIAL DO CONTRATO DE COMPRA E VENDA DE SAFRA FUTURA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2011. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2632.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FREDERICO RIBEIRO DE FREITAS.pdf: 566541 bytes, checksum: 23bb3cfb3b3be97a9c5af37530cf1ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01
This thesis concerns to the analysis of purchase and sale of future production of sugarcane by alcohol industries in the State of (factories). The study provides information about the production growth of sugar and ethanol in the factories as long as it gives interpretative elements of the contractual relationship both in private and constitutional point of view, proposing solutions to the imbalances that might occur in the purchase and sale contracts of future crops with small farmers in the State of. From a commercial point of view the region covers wide range of purchase and sale of sugarcane contracts, and considering a scientific perspective it shows great relevance, with reflections on the contract area. Due to this perspective, which includes the verification of the contracted forms, its main purpose is to ponder the situation of small farmers in this kind of deal, according to the principles of objective good faith, the contract social function, reasonableness and the Courts jurisprudence, always interpreting the contractual terms in favor of the party with less financial condition, in order to reduce the contractual imbalance. It defends the view that the purchase and sale harvest contract can be reviewed/terminated in case of an agreement imbalance, especially considering that the acquiring company does not anticipate payments or help in the purchase of agricultural inputs.
Esta dissertação visa a análise da jurisprudência sobre contratos de compra e venda de produção futura de cana-de-açúcar pelas empresas produtoras de álcool no Estado de Goiás (Usinas). O estudo levanta informações sobre o crescimento da produção de açúcar e de álcool nas usinas, bem como fornece elementos interpretativos do vínculo contratual assumido pelos contratantes na órbita privada e constitucional, propondo soluções aos desequilíbrios nos contratos de compra e venda de lavoura futura com o pequeno produtor rural, com enfoque sobre a agricultura familiar, no Estado de Goiás. Do ponto de vista negocial a região abrange enorme gama de contratos de compra e venda de cana-de-açúcar, e sob o ângulo da órbita científica apresenta liames de interessante relevo, com reflexos na área contratual. Devido a essa abordagem, que inclui a verificação das formas contratadas, tem o objetivo de sopesar a situação do pequeno produtor rural na avença e respectiva necessidade econômica de mantê-lo no campo, de acordo com os princípios da boa-fé objetiva, da função social do contrato, da razoabilidade e da jurisprudência dos Tribunais, propondo a interpretação das cláusulas contratuais em favor da parte com menor condição financeira no liame obrigacional estipulado, diminuindo o desequilíbrio contratual. Defende-se o ponto de vista de que o contrato de compra e venda de safra futura pode ser revisto/rescindido em caso de desequilíbrio no pactuado e interpretado na órbita agrária, mormente considerando que a empresa adquirente não antecipa parte do pagamento ou ajuda na aquisição de insumos agrícolas.

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Rollins, Julia Hinkle. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALCOHOL SALES AND COUNTY LEVEL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN KENTUCKY". UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/590.

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This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of using alcohol sales as an indicator of development or lag associated with development in Kentucky counties using summary statistics, shift-share analysis and an econometric model. The summary statistics are used to evaluate possible lines of causality and the Shift-share analysis and econometric model deal the specific characteristics of the county that are assumed to be influenced by the sale of alcohol. Limitations to the county level data were limiting to the time period evaluated in this thesis. As a result, much of the findings were inconclusive as to the relationship between county level economic development in Kentucky and the sale of alcohol.

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Roumi, Roumi. "Alcohol Monopoly in Sweden and Wine Properties That Drive the Wine Sales". Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275680.

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This research study in applied mathematical statistics, and industrial engineering and management aims to determine the wine properties that drive the wine sales in Sweden, while also examining how the monopoly in Sweden affects the alcohol sales and demand. Data were collected from Systembolaget, which is the only alcohol retail store chain in Sweden. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on 4 931 observations from Systembolaget’s sales statistics of 2019. The covariates were the type of wine, taste, price, size, country of origin, ecologically classified and ethically certified. The final model contained 18 variables where the taste parameters dominated the model. The results conclude that wines from Australia, Italy and Portugal have an advantage when it comes to the wine sales in Sweden, while wines from Sweden have a negative correleation with the volume sold. Other results suggest that wine producers should make ethically produced wines. From an economic perspective, the alcohol monopoly in Sweden is not a regular monopoly. Moreover, the monopoly is considered to has had a negative impact on the alcohol sales by lowering the demand through a strict alcohol law, among other things. The positive aspects of Sweden’s alcohol monopoly is the overall better health of the Swedish society and the in-store consultation that is offered. This study has contributed to previous research and also given the wine producers a better overview of the factors that drive the wine sales in Sweden.
Denna forskningsstudie i tillämpad matematisk statistik och industriell ekonomi syftar till att bestämma de vinegenskaper som driver vinförsäljningen i Sverige, samtidigt som man undersöker hur monopolet i Sverige påverkar alkoholförsäljningen och efterfrågan. Data samlades in från Systembolaget, som är den enda butikskedjan för alkohol i Sverige. En multipel linjär regressionsanalys utfördes på 4 931 observationer från Systembolagets försäljningsstatistik från 2019. Kovariaterna var typen av vin, smak, pris, storlek, ursprungsland, ekologiskt klassificerat och etiskt certifierat. Den slutliga modellen innehöll 18 variabler där smakparametrarna dominerade modellen. Resultaten visar på att viner från Australien, Italien och Portugal har en fördel när det gäller vinförsäljningen i Sverige, medan vin från Sverige har en negativ korrelation med den sålda volymen. Andra resultat tyder på att vinproducenter bör göra etiskt producerade viner. Ur ett nationalekonomiskt perspektiv är alkoholmonopolet i Sverige inte ett vanligt monopol. Dessutom anses monopolet ha haft en negativ inverkan på alkoholförsäljningen genom att bland annat sänka efterfrågan med hjälp av en strikt alkohollag. De positiva aspekterna av Sveriges alkoholmonopol är den övergripande bättre hälsan hos det svenska samhället och konsultationen som erbjuds i butikerna. Denna studie har bidragit till tidigare forskning och även givit vinproducenterna en bättre överblick över de faktorer som driver vinförsäljning i Sverige.

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Powell, Jonathan A. "Factors Associated with the Illegal Sales of Alcohol to Underage Persons in Georgia". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/67.

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Despite the minimum legal drinking age of 21, many underage persons regularly purchase alcohol from licensed alcohol establishments. The purpose of this study was to determine the establishment, geographic, and community economic and demographic characteristics that are associated with illegal sales of alcohol to underage persons in Georgia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors that were associated with illegal sales of alcohol to underage persons of Georgia. Statistical adjustments were made for ownership type (e.g., corporate owned), region (e.g., southeast Georgia, metro-Atlanta), rural vs. urban area, and many community economic and demographic variables (e.g., unemployment rate, minority populations). Overall, underage subjects attempted to purchase alcohol in 2949 off-premise establishments from July of 2007 to June of 2008. Compared to corporate-owned establishments, institutions not owned by corporations were associated with increased odds of alcohol sale to underage persons, adjusting for other independent variables. Establishments that are located in counties with a high density of alcohol outlets were much more likely to sell alcohol to underage persons. To reduce underage drinking in Georgia, beverage law enforcement should increase monitoring of non-corporate owned establishments and areas with a high density of alcohol outlets. Overall, responsible beverage service training of both corporate and non-corporate employees may help in reducing alcohol sales to underage persons in Georgia.

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Hobday, Michelle Bridget. "The Effects of Alcohol Outlets and Sales on Alcohol-Related Injuries Presenting at Emergency Departments in Perth, Australia, from 2002 to 2010". Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/54041.

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The study examined the effects of licensed outlets and alcohol sales on levels of alcohol-related injuries presenting to Emergency Departments in Perth, Western Australia . This retrospective population-based longitudinal study used injury and alcohol availability data. Negative binomial regression modelling with random effects demonstrated that sales per off-premise outlet and counts of on-premise outlets per postcode were significantly associated with alcohol-related injury. These findings also supported restrictions on numbers of outlets, price discounting, and trading hours.

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Wong, Chung-ying, e 黃中英. "Intervention for reducing off-premise sales of alcohol to underage youth : a systematic review". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193821.

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Introduction The underage drinking problem is becoming a cause for concern in Hong Kong as young people are exposed to an environment with easy access to alcohol. In particular, the off-premise sales of alcohol to underage youth are entirely subject to the industry voluntary code of conduct. Without appropriate legislative changes and enforcement measures, underage youth in Hong Kong could find it relatively easy to obtain the alcoholic beverage in off-premise outlets. Different studies were published to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for reducing the sale of alcohol to underage youth in off-premise outlets. Aim and Objectives 1. To identify the effectiveness of interventions on restricting off-premise alcohol sales to underage youth 2. To suggest policy and intervention measures to regulate the off-premise alcohol sales to adolescents in Hong Kong based on the findings presented in this review. Methods Literature in this review included articles published in the last 10 years (2003-2013). The literature search was undertaken in the following two pronged method. 1. To identify relevant articles, the following databases were used: PubMed and MEDLINE. The search term: "Alcohol Drinking/legislation and jurisprudence"[MeSH Terms] AND ("2003/01/01"[PDAT]: "2013/12/31"[PDAT]) AND ("adolescent"[MeSH Terms]) were applied. 2. Manual search was conducted according to the bibliographies and reference lists of the articles that were being reviewed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Results Numerous articles have been identified regarding interventions to reduce underage access to alcohol in off-premises and shift retailers' behavior in the sale. Such interventions included, but were not limited to responsible beverage sales and service training, intensified compliance check, enhancement of non-compliance penalties, reward and reminder visit and media advocacy. Community based interventions targeting off-premises sale were found to be successful in affecting the behaviour of the retail staff. There was a variation in the magnitude of effects among the studies and this was associated with the intensity of the interventions and the publicity. A decaying effect of interventions was also observed. Conclusion This review identified that implementing a legal purchasing age combined with intensification of compliance check and enhancement of penalties were effective in reducing sales of alcohol to underage youth in off-premise venues. On the basis of the findings, policy suggestions for Hong Kong were presented.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Simpson, Malcolm Robert. "Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission, propensity for risk taking, and alcohol/drug use in the aetiology of unprotected sex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007421.

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Second year psychology students (N=176) from Rhodes University were surveyed using an anonymous questionnaire to obtain information on sexual behaviour and knowledge of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among young people. The following information was obtained: Knowledge of safe sex practices and HIV transmission was high although a number of misconceptions were noted. Only fifty six percent of students viewed oral sex with a condom as safe and thirty one percent do not consider mutual masturbation with a condom safe. Thirteen percent and twenty five percent respectively identified insects and saliva as being routes of HIV transmission. Magazines (96%), informal discussions with friends (95%), public pamphlets (86%) and public television (79%) were preferred sources of information. The students' knowledge did not appear to significantly affect sexual behaviour. Eighty percent of respondents were intimately involved with another person during the past twelve months, and only fifteen percent always made use of a latex barrier when being sexually intimate. Despite high rates of alcohol and/or drug consumption (80% of students use such substances), and the belief by the majority of respondents that alcohol and/or drugs facilitate higher risk behaviours, no support for the alcohol/risky sex hypothesis was found. Students were found to score highly on proneness to psychological and behavioural risk taking, and no significant relationship between this and unprotected sex was found. It can be concluded that educational programmes need to focus on what constitutes safe sexual practices in order to equip young adults with the knowledge they need to make informed choices regarding the relative risks of various sexual activities.

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Carvalho, Ana Caroline Lustosa de Melo. "Bioreduction of prochiral aromatic ketones using Pseudomonas sp. Nopalea cochenellifera isolated (L.) Salm Dyck". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8904.

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Herein we describe the study biocatalytic potential of the whole cell of microorganisms isolated from a plant belonging to Cactacea family, Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm- Dyck, popularly known as âpalma doceâ or âpalma forrageiraâ. The microorganisms were isolated by induction technique using as acetophenone susbtrate. Among the microorganisms strains (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4) only I-2, (Pseudomonas sp), was effective as biocatalyst in reducing the acetophenone. The best conditions for carrying out the bioreduction of acetophenone were as follows: 1g of resting cells of Pseudomonas sp, resuspended in buffer solution pH 7, at 28 Â C and rotation of 175 r.p.m for 4 days, obtaining the (S)-1-phenylethanol with conversion of 77% e.e. and 89%. The bioreduction study, using the Pseudomonas sp strain, was extended to the following derivatives of acetophenone, 4-methoxy-acetophenone (2a), 4-methyl acetophenone (3a), 4-nitro-acetophenone (4a), 4 -bromo-acetophenone (5a), 4-chloro-acetophenone (6a), 4-fluoro-acetophenone (7a), 3-methoxy-acetophenone (8a), 3-methyl acetophenone (9a), 3-nitro-acetophenone (10a) 2-methoxy-acetophenone (11a), 2-methyl acetophenone (12a), 2-nitro-acetophenone (13a), 2-bromo-acetophenone (14a), 2-chloro-acetophenone (15a), 2 - fluoro-acetophenone (16a). It is not worthy that all the alcohols were obtained with Prelog selectivity (S configuration). In general, the best results were obtained for the derivatives of acetophenone with substituent methoxyl, methyl, nitro and bromine in position - ortho (e.e. of 94 to > 99% conversion and 23-80%). With respect to the chlorine and fluorine substituents, the best results of selectivity and enzymatic activity were obtained for the â para substituted derivatives (e.e. 93% and 73% conversion, 83% e.e. and conversion of 51%, respectively).
Neste trabalho descrevemos o estudo do potencial biocatalÃtico de cÃlulas Ãntegras de micro-organismos isolados de um vegetal da famÃlia das Cactaceas, Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, popularmente conhecido como âpalma doceâ ou âpalma forrageiraâ. Os micro-organismos foram isolados pela tÃcnica de induÃÃo utilizando o substrato acetofenona. Dos quatro micro-organismo isolados (I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4) apenas o I-2, identificado como Pseudomonas sp, foi eficiente como biocatalisador na reduÃÃo do substrato padrÃo acetofenona. As melhores condiÃÃes para a realizaÃÃo da biorreduÃÃo da acetofenona foram as seguintes: 1g de cÃlulas em repouso de Pseudomonas sp, ressuspendidas em soluÃÃo tampÃo de pH 7, temperatura de 28 ÂC e rotaÃÃo de 175 r.p.m por 4 dias, com obtenÃÃo do (S)-1-feniletanol com conversÃo de 77% e e.e. de 89%. O estudo da biorreduÃÃo, utilizando a cepa isolada de Pseudomonas sp, foi estendido para os seguintes derivados da acetofenona: 4-metÃxi-acetofenona (2a), 4-metil-acetofenona (3a), 4-nitro-acetofenona (4a), 4-bromo-acetofenona (5a), 4-cloro-acetofenona (6a), 4-fluoro-acetofenona (7a), 3-metÃxi-acetofenona (8a), 3-metil-acetofenona (9a), 3-nitro-acetofenona (10a), 2-metÃxi-acetofenona (11a), 2-metil-acetofenona (12a), 2-nitro-acetofenona (13a), 2-bromo-acetofenona (14a), 2-cloro-acetofenona (15a), 2-fluoro-acetofenona (16a). Cabe ressaltar que todos os Ãlcoois foram obtidos com seletividade Prelog (configuraÃÃo S). Em geral, os melhores resultados foram obtidos para os derivados da acetofenona com substituintes metoxila, metila, nitro e bromo na posiÃÃo â orto (e.e. de 94 a > 99% e conversÃo de 23 a 80%). Com relaÃÃo aos substituintes cloro e flÃor, os melhores resultados de seletividade e atividade enzimÃtica foram obtidos para os derivados âpara substituÃdos (e.e. 93% e conversÃo 73%; e.e. 83% e conversÃo de 51%, respectivamente).

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Mattheus, Jared Cameron. "The relationship between sales promotion techniques and consumer off-take and attitude within the SA non-alcoholic ready to drink market". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/11586.

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Over the past decade there has been a shift in marketing spend from above the line advertising, to below the line advertising commonly referred to as promotions. This has been brought about by recessionary economic conditions, increased competition, rising media costs and long term profitability prospects. Many fast moving consumer goods’ (FMCG) companies are shifting a large portion of their marketing spend from advertising to sales promotion. This has occurred because of consumers becoming more prone to deals, declining brand loyalty and the growing power of major retail chains. Sales promotion spend can comprise of as much as 50% of the marketing budget in certain industries and the majority of the marketing budget for most FMCG companies. This has been heightened further by the global financial recession which has both direct and indirect effects on South Africa. Approximately 70% of purchasing decisions are made in store by understanding how these decisions are made and how to influence them is essential in developing an effective marketing strategy. Besides product characteristics, promotional techniques are among the most popular instruments used by marketers to influence this process. Global trends show that 83% of all senior marketers increase or maintain spend on promotional merchandise year on year. However, they had limited insight into how to best spend the funds or if they even achieved their intended purpose. Despite the rise in promotional activity, especially in the FMCG sector, limited research has been conducted on the influence and effectiveness in South Africa. The purpose of this treatise, then, is to examine addresses the paucity in research with regard to consumer sales promotions in the non-alcoholic ready to drink (NARTD) market, particularly within South Africa. By developing a relationship model to measure the influence and effectiveness of selected sales promotion techniques on consumer off-take and attitude. That can be used by organisations to retain consumers, grow market share, improve brand equity and achieve higher profitability. Equipping marketers with an improved understanding of the impact of sales promotion techniques and consumer buying patterns within the South African NARTD market and delivering value to consumers through targeted promotions. In order to achieve this goal a thorough literature review was performed which drew on both academic- and industry-based research. This led to the development of a conceptual relationship model which was tested using rigorous measures incorporating questionnaire-style, quantitative data collection and statistical analysis. The research revealed that sales promotion techniques are an important element of a successful marketing strategy and when correctly executed deliver positive business results. FMCG companies operating within the NARTD market need to ensure that they incorporate sampling and premiums into their marketing mix even if this requires them to reduce their spend on above the line marketing activities. Ultimately, sampling and premiums were found to be effective sales promotion techniques within the South African NARTD market and have the ability to positively influence consumer off-take, brand love and buying behaviour.

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Dapolito, Dennis. "An analysis of a new tier pricing strategy in distilled spirit sales : a longitudinal approach /". Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11573.

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Wineland, Courtney A. "An Exploration of Hookup Culture, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Health among College Students". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1525816225787974.

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Chandler, William Carlton. "The Deterrent Effect of the Undercover Compliance Check Strategy to Reduce the Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Minorsin North Carolina: A Quasi-Experimental Design". NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011010-191219.

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Chandler, William Carlton, The Deterrent Effect of the Undercover Compliance Check Strategy to Reduce the Sale of Alcoholic Beverages to Minors in North Carolina: A Quasi-Experimental Design. (Under the direction of MichaelL. Vasu and James E. Swiss)The problem of underaged drinking and efforts to reduce it are examined in this research by: First, assessing the deterrent effect of the widely used undercover compliance check strategy. Secondarily, the predictive and explanatorypower of identified characteristics of both alcohol sales outlets and individual sellers was assessed. Data was collected using a quasi-experimental design employing compliance checks of a proportionally stratified random sample of alcohol sales outlets across North Carolina. The research objectives were to determine if compliance checks deter minor sales and to assess the utility of using identified characteristics to focus enforcement, training and industry staffing to reduce sales. Multivariate modelscombining these characteristics were constructed. They werefound to provide more information in guiding training and scheduling than in enforcement. The major findings were: thelimited-sanction compliance checks employed did not have a statistically significant deterrent effect on future sales;minor sales violations are independent of other ABC offenses;a baseline of a 25% sale to minor rate was established; past enforcement does not predict future offending; present training efforts are not significantly associated with reduced sales; citizen complaints are not associated with actual sales; values of the seller-specific variables are difficult to ascertain and provide little enforcement guidance, but do guide training and staffing; ownership variables are associated with lower sales rates; sellers age16-21 sell at lower rates than other similarly constructed categories; and many of the traditional beliefs of law enforcement were not confirmed. The study concludes recommending: continuing compliance checks; placing less emphasis on investigating complaints and using complaints asa basis to partner with the industry; update training programs; license sellers, with training being a prerequisite; changing the administrative punishment structure to make it more equitable and establishing a minimum age to sell alcohol.

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Stanger, Jonathan Jeffrey. "Charge Transfer Mechanisms in Electrospinning". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1667.

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Electrospinning is a method of producing nano structured material from a polymer solution or melt using high strength electric fields. It is a process that has yet to find extensive industrial application yet shows promise if obstacles such as low rate of production overcome perhaps by more complete theoretical modelling. This work examines the effects of adding an ionic salt to a solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) in water. The direct effect was an increase the charge density and electric current. It was found that an increase in charge density decreases the mass deposition rate and forms a thinner initial jet. When the sign of the charge on the polymer solution was changed from positive to negative the charge density increased and the initial jet diameter and mass deposition rate also decreased. It was proposed that a smaller radius of curvature is formed by the Taylor cone at higher charge densities resulting in a smaller “virtual orifice”. The extent of the bending instability was explored and it was found that adding ionic salt results in a decrease in the bending instability resulting in thicker fibres. Changing the sign of the charge on the polymer solution from positive to negative resulted in an increase in the bending instability and resulted in thinner fibres. The charge transfer mechanisms used in different electrospinning models are explored and some assumptions not explicitly stated are discussed. From this discussion a generalized equation describing the charge transport mechanisms is proposed.

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Zalabáková, Eliška. "Podnikatelský plán". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201841.

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Goal of the thesis is to create a business plan for existing company, which has decided to extend its business, and a feasibility verification of the plan. The theoretical part of the thesis contains summary of requirements for business plan and elaborating rules. The theoretical part is based on studies of scholarly literature. The practical part contains compile business plan for company which trades alcoholic beverages. Business plan compilation followed the assignment and reflecting gained theoretical knowledge. According to the business plan, including also a financial plan, it is possible to evaluate its viability and feasibility. The thesis benefits are framed business plan for existing company, judging its feasibility, creation of a workable system for future financial planning for the business owner and recommendations leading to future activity.

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Cáceres, Armas Angela Sofia, Poma Emily Nicole Nuñez, Castillo Francesco Alexei Cuneo, la Cruz Santillán Lucia Antuane De e Otoya Brunela Belén Flores. "Implementación del Negocio “Sr. Shot”". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626538.

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Actualmente, el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas es cada vez más frecuente, ya que se pronostican incrementos en 10% para los próximos años en la industria. Asimismo, este mercado posee una gran acogida en horarios nocturnos. Sin embargo, las licorerías como tiendas retail no pueden abastecer en horarios de madrugada, ya que la venta de estas se encuentra prohibida pasada las 11:00 pm, según norma legal, por lo que muchos clientes deben comprar estos productos horas previas a iniciar un evento o bien se les hace imposible encontrar un establecimiento abierto con disponibilidad de vender estas bebidas. Lo que puede generar incomodidad por no continuar la reunión como esperaban. Es así que el presente proyecto, aborda esta problemática enfocándose en personas jóvenes entre las edades de 18 – 39 años de los NSE A y B que residan en Lima Metropolitana. Mediante un servicio de entrega de bebidas alcohólicas en los horarios de jueves a sábado de 09:00 pm a 04:00 am. El equipo de trabajo escoge este público objetivo, ya que este posee la capacidad adquisitiva para pagar los precios establecidos por Sr. Shot y se encuentra a la vanguardia de la tecnología del comercio electrónico para estar en contacto con alguno de los canales de venta del negocio. Para la inversión inicial se requerirá del aporte de S/ 42,396 por parte de los accionistas, donde se recibirá un COK del 14.73% con un retorno de la inversión a partir del tercer año.
Nowadays, the consumption of alcoholic drinks are more frequently, as increases of 10% were predicted for the coming years in the industry. In addition, this market has a great reception at night hours. However, liquor stores such as retail stores cannot supply at dawn hours because the sale of them are prohibited after 11:00 pm, according to legal regulations, so many customers must buy those products before starting an event or they find it impossible to find an open establishment with availability to sell these drinks. What it can generate discomfort for not continuing the meeting how people expected. Thus, this project takes in consideration this problem focusing in young people between the ages of 18 - 39 years of socioeconomic level A and B residing in Metropolitan Lima. Through a service delivery of alcoholic drinks in the hours from Thursday to Saturday from 09:00 pm to 04:00 am. The work team chooses this target because it has the purchasing power to pay established prices of “Sr. Shot” and is at the forefront of E-commerce technology to be in contact with any of the sales channels of the business. For the initial investment, a contribution of S/. 137,722 will be required from the shareholders, where a COK of 14.73% will be received with a return on investment from the third year.
Trabajo de investigación

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21

BALDINI, FRANCESCA. "Evaluation of the effects of natural and synthetic compounds on lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes and adipocytes". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1002634.

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Obesity is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat, especially at the visceral level, which causes serious damage to health. Obesity is caused, in most cases, by unhealthy lifestyles (on the one hand, a high-calorie diet, and on the other, reduced or no physical activity). From an etiological point of view obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with various pathological conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic liver steatosis (NAFLD). Obesity is currently one of the most important public health problems in the world, as its prevalence is constantly increasing. Obesity therefore represents one of the main challenges in the field of research which, on one side, studies the cellular/tissutal mechanisms involved in the development and progression of the disease at the level of the different organs and, on the other side, tries to identify natural and synthetic compounds for the treatment of this condition, to be associated with diet and adequate physical activity. This PhD thesis is part of this context, with the aim of studying, first, the molecular mechanisms associated with excessive fat accumulation in different cell types representative of the tissues involved in obesity, then to identify and study natural compounds (of plant origin or otherwise endogenous) that may have beneficial effects on the cellular models developed. For this purpose, the following cellular models of NAFLD, adipose tissue hypertrophy (obesity) and endothelial dysfunction (atherosclerosis) have been developed and used: • An in vitro model of NAFLD consisting of rat hepatoma cells treated with different steatogenic agents in order to mimic in vitro the steps of the progression of NAFLD in vivo from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis. • An in vitro model of atherosclerosis, consisting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to a mixture of fatty acids. • An in vitro model of adipocytic hypertrophy, represented by mouse pre-adipocytes treated with a mixture of adipogenic substances and then with long chain fatty acids to induce a picture of hypertrophy in vitro. Starting from the different cellular models mentioned above, the research activity has been focused on the study of the possible beneficial effects of different compounds: • Silybin, a natural molecule, that represents the main component of silymarin, an extract from Silybum marianum. Starting from previous studies, both clinical and animal, which suggested a potential beneficial effect of silybin on the liver, this thesis investigated the effects and molecular mechanisms of this molecule treatment in the in vitro model of NAFLD. • S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe), an endogenous molecule that acts as the main donor of methyl groups at the cellular level. Previous studies had observed that low levels of SAMe in the liver are related to pathological organ conditions. In this thesis it was evaluated whether and by what molecular mechanisms SAMe could improve a condition of liver steatosis and endothelial dysfunction using the two in vitro models. The results have shown that: (i) the three in vitro cellular systems developed duing this thesis work represent a good model of the different physio-pathological conditions of interest, liver steatosis (NAFLD), endothelial dysfunction (atherosclerosis) and adipocytic hypertrophy (obesity); (ii) both silybin and SAMe have significant beneficial properties. In particular, both compounds have demonstrated an anti-steatotic and antioxidant effect in the in vitro model of liver steatosis. SAMe also showed significant antioxidant and cytoprotective activity on dysfunctional endothelial cells. In conclusion, we can say that the three models developed and used in this thesis represent a good in vitro experimental model for the study of molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in complex pathological conditions and that they can be effectively used for the study of possible natural compounds to be used as nutraceuticals.

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Angelin, Martin. "Travel – a risk factor for disease and spread of antibiotic resistance". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111057.

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As international travel is rapidly increasing, more people are being exposed to potentially more antibiotic resistant bacteria, a changed infectious disease epidemiology, and an increased risk of accidents and crime. Research-based advice is needed to adequately inform travellers about these risks. We studied travellers who sought advice from the Travel Medicine Clinic at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Umeå University Hospital, as well as university students from Umeå, Stockholm, and Gothenburg travelling abroad for study, research, and clinical exchange programs. From retrospective data at the Travel Medicine Clinic, we found that pre-existing health problems were rare among travellers from Umeå seeking pre- travel health advice and vaccinations. In addition, we found that the travel destination and the sex of the traveller affected vaccination levels. Although hepatitis A is endemic to both Thailand and Turkey, compared to travellers to Thailand few travellers to Turkey visited the clinic for hepatitis A vaccination. The data also revealed that more women than men were vaccinated against Japanese encephalitis despite comparable trips. A prospective survey study showed that travellers felt that the pre-travel health advice they received was helpful. Two-thirds of the travellers followed the advice given although they still fell ill to the same extent as those who were not compliant with the advice. Factors outside the control of travellers likely affect the travel-related morbidity. Compared to older travellers, younger travellers were less compliant with advice, fell ill to a greater extent, and took greater risks during travel. In a prospective survey study, we found that healthcare students had higher illness rates and risk exposure when abroad compared to students from other disciplines. This difference was mainly due to the fact that healthcare students more often travelled to developing regions during their study period abroad. When abroad, half of all students increased their alcohol consumption and this was linked to an increased risk of theft and higher likelihood of meeting a new sex partner. The healthcare students participating in the survey study also submitted stool samples before and after travel. These samples were tested for the presence of antibiotic resistance, both by selective culturing for ESBL-PE (Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae) as well as by metagenomic sequencing. About one-third (35%) of the students became colonised by ESBL-PE following their study abroad. The strongest risk factor for colonisation was travel destination; for example, 70% of students who had travelled to India became colonised. Antibiotic treatment during travel was also a significant risk factor for colonisation. The stool samples from a subset of study subjects were analysed using metagenomic sequencing. From this we learned that although the majority of resistance genes in the gut microbiome remained unchanged following travel, several clinically important resistance genes increased, most prominently genes encoding resistance to sulphonamide, trimethoprim, and beta-lactams. Overall, taxonomic changes associated with travel were small but the proportion of Proteobacteria, which includes several clinically important bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae), increased in a majority of the study subjects. Clearly, there are risks associated with international travel and these risks include outside factors as well as the personal behaviour of travellers. We believe our results can be used to develop better pre-travel advice for tourists as well as university students studying abroad resulting in safer travel.

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Chang, Ching-Kai, e 張欽楷. "SALES VOLUME FORECAST OF READY TO DRINK BEVERAGE ALCOHOL IN TAIWAN". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60096924039500294337.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學組
94
The objectives of market research for the new product pre-launch are: 1. To estimate the trial and adoption rates based on the raw model. 2. To estimate the volume in on-trade and off-trade for the first two years based on different distribution builds and media plans. 3. To identify an acceptable range of prices from the consumer’s point of view. 4. To find out the source of business Alcoholic beverages that are likely to be cannibalized. 5. To find out the acceptability of the actual product and areas of improvement. Furthermore, the market research also provides guidance for the refinement of marketing plans. For example: • Pricing • Appeal of different pack formats • Importance of sampling • Distribution planning • Media planning The case study explores the new product volume forecast of market research in the first 2 years and identifies the key factors, which influence the forecast accuracy. To understand the actions that the company took to reflect the dynamic environment change could be a factor for reducing the gap between the forecast and actual volume. To project the new product volume has to consider from different dimensions. Sometimes the government policy and regulation change may cause the structural change in the market. New competitors and consumer behavior change are also the key factors that will impact on the forecast accuracy.

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Bayaraa, Urangoo, e 尤佳妍. "Sales Promotion Strategies of Alcoholic Industry for Mongolian Consumers". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26602224354850440171.

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碩士
國立聯合大學
管理碩士學位學程
101
This research will focus on sales promotion strategies of international alcoholic market among Mongolian consumers. The purpose of this research study is to analyze what sales promotion methods which are website advertising, free goods and products, special events, new flavor added products and sweepstakes are preferred among Mongolian consumers. This research study includes 2 steps of questionnaire. First, search five useful sales promotion methods of international alcoholic market. Second, utilize a questionnaire survey that included 210 Mongolian respondents by online for 2 months. It used independents T-test analyze to new flavor added products, special events, free alcoholic products and sweepstakes among gender. The One-Way ANOVA tests website advertising, special events, free alcoholic products and sweepstakes among the age and income. The results of the data analysis showed new flavor added products, free alcoholic products, special events are significantly preferred to age, gender, income, occupation and education among Mongolian consumers. The Mongolian female consumers prefer free alcoholic products or goods with purchasing than male consumers. The results suggest the company could provide special events in the bars and night clubs for Mongolian middle age consumers.

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Stewart, Sandra Georgia. "The effects of sales taxes on consumers' well-being". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2321.

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CHEN, SHU-CHUAN, e 陳淑娟. "Evaluation of Taiwan's Sales Tax System and Analysis of Related Issues--Merchandise Tax and Tobacco/Alcohol Tax--". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82465254978672774855.

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碩士
中原大學
會計研究所
91
Since the implementation of the new business tax system in 1986, the taxable items prescribed in the merchandise tax law have not been reviewed for years. Taxation of some of the taxable items has deviated from the purpose underlying the enactment. Changes in circumstances have made it necessary to review and make adjustment to the provisions of the law. On the other hand, under the impact of the massive 921 Earthquake, the US-Iraq War and the vicious epidemic called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), domestic economy has stayed bearish and the government’s revenue from taxation dwindled. More and more business entities are trying to evade their tax obligations, and the trend has worsened the government’s financial shape. The government abolished the monopolized sales system for tobacco and liquor and returned both to the taxation system. Through special enactment, both tobacco and liquor were removed from the list of items subject to merchandise tax to form a new category entitled tobacco/liquor tax. Since the implementation of the new taxation system for tobacco and liquor more than a year ago, however, moonshiners have filled the market with unauthorized liquors. Deadly fake rice wine has threatened the lives of many and caused the treasury to sustain severe loss in taxation revenue. This paper reviews and analyzes systemic shortcomings of the merchandise tax and the tobacco/alcohol tax systems mentioned above, as well as issues pertinent to the taxation. Findings are concluded as follows: 1.With social and environmental changes, special consumption taxes have been redefined as social-policy-oriented measures aiming at “environmental protection”, “energy conservation” and “prohibitive taxation”. In the future, special consumption taxes may be targeted at consumer and production activities that pollute the environment, consume energy and are detrimental to public health, in order to prevent ineffective energy usage and negative external impact. 2.Tax evasion has become a common practice because there are loopholes in taxation laws, and investigating agents have not worked hard enough on tax evasion cases. To intensify investigation, we have to first comprehensively enhance the function of the internal organization and management of taxation agencies. 3.We cannot blame the death caused by fake rice wine solely on the overly high taxation. As a matter of fact, the deficient tobacco/alcohol safety system, ineffective supervision and the fact that governing agencies have not been clearly defined are all responsible. As a result, the government needs to amend the law and intensify its battle against unauthorized wines to completely wipe out the threat of deadly faked rice wine.

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Chen, Su-Fen, e 陳淑芬. "Discussion on the Retail Sales Model of Taiwan Tobacco and Alcohol Company Under the New Retail Structure". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6c52ga.

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碩士
元智大學
管理碩士在職專班
107
Under the competitive environment of offline and online converging attack, Taiwan Tobacco and Alcohol Company has been facing the challenge of how to have consumers choose to step into their shops. By mastering the emerging platforms, physical channels and virtual retail business in deep integration, having distinctive brand image, breaking the limitations of categories, and actively creating the opportunity for demand, only then can it have the potential to withstand. This study is aimed at how Taiwan Tobacco and Alcohol Company breaks the retail channel framework, how the online and offline channels integrates, and how mobile purchasing develops, It covers how the needs of offline customers are met with the online platforms and how the offline customers are guided into the online shops, It seeks to create a smart retail platform with new concepts through the Internet in order to provide better services, and to bring more interesting and open shopping experience to the customers. This paper examines how Taiwan Tobacco and Alcohol Company establishes an efficient management system, combines with intellectualized application, and how it faces the opportunities and challenges under the business model of O2O online and offline channels integrating, It is to pursue a direction of service platform development, establish a brand, and expand the market share, It will then strive to have localized enterprises move towards the international market, by the analysis and discussion of the company in the case study, it is expected to provide a reference for the future development of the new retail business of Taiwan Tobacco and Alcohol Company.

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Bóbiková, Jana. "Dopady částečné alkoholové prohibice v České republice na koncový trh s alkoholem". Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-350186.

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September 2012 had become known as a synonym for the methanol scandal in the Czech Republic during which over a hundred of individuals were hospitalized and several dozens of the patients died. This all occurred due to the ingestion of the adulterated alcohol. Whereas partial and time-limited prohibition which restricted the sales of alcoholic beverages with the alcohol content of 20 per cent and higher, was enforced in the Czech Republic from 14th to 27th September 2012. Due to further emerging poisonings in recent years is the topic of the methanol poisonings still relevant. The aim of the diploma paper is to depict the harm reduction strategies targeted on reducing the risks of the methanol poisonings used by the vulnerable target group of the alcoholic beverages consumers. Further are being outlined the risk behavior patterns and strategies in the targeted group of participants. According to the above mentioned aims is relevant to investigate the process of compliance of the emergency measures focused on the end market with the alcohol. Data gathered in the interviews with the retailers will help to obtain the general overview of the situation and supply the information about the possible plunges of the prohibition implementation and the strategies of the demand reduction implementation. The...

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Chandler, William Carlton. "The deterrent effect of the undercover compliance check strategy to reduce the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors in North Carolina a quasi-experimental design /". 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-52111910910132821/etd.pdf.

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Huang, Chu-Hao, e 黃筑顥. "The Study on Correlations between Taiwan\'s Business Cycles and the Sales Value of Non-Alcoholic Beverage Manufacturing Industry". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u96x97.

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碩士
國立東華大學
管理學院高階經營管理碩士在職專班
107
The research utilizes the index of economic cycle based on the national development council. According to six groups of manufacturing production index by「Fruit and vegetable juice drinks」、「Soda drinks」、「Sports drinks」、「Coffee drinks」、「Tea drinks」、「Mineral Waters」from department of statistic. The benchmark results calculate from January of 1994 to December 2017. In total, 288 months data which shows rise/fall trend between the indexes of economic cycle and the index of stock market. My main research summarize as below.First of all, the sales value of fruit and vegetable juice and soda drinks indicators on peak or trough period is leading the base day. Showing fruit and vegetable juice and carbonated drinks the two types of beverages are popular in the market, fruit and vegetable juice and carbonated drinks sales value Index can be used as the boom and stock market.Second, the sales value of sports drinks and coffee drinks indicators on peak or trough period is behind the base day.showing that sports drinks and coffee drinks the two types of beverages are deeply affected by the boom, boom and stock market can be used as a leading guide for sports drinks and coffee beverage manufacturing industry.

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Werner, Josephina. "Exploring the Surface of Aqueous Solutions : X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies using a liquid micro-jet". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265210.

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The surface behavior of biologically or atmospherically relevant chemical compounds in aqueous solution has been studied using surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The aim is to provide information on the molecular-scale composition and distribution of solutes in the surface region of aqueous solutions. In the first part, the distribution of solutes in the surface region is discussed, where in particular single molecular species are studied. Concentration-dependent studies on succinic acid and various alkyl-alcohols, where also parameters such as pH and branching are varied, are analyzed using different approaches that allow the quantification of surface concentrations. Furthermore, due to the sensitivity of XPS to the chemical state, reorientation of linear and branched alkyl-alcohols at the aqueous surface as a function of concentration is observed. The results are further discussed in terms of hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions in the interfacial region, where the three-dimensional hydrogen bonded water structure terminates. In the second part, mixed solutions of compounds, both ionic and molecular, are inspected. Again concentration, but also co-dissolution of other chemical compounds, are varied and differences in the spatial distribution and composition of the surface region are discussed. It is found that the guanidinium ion has an increased propensity to reside at the surface, which is explained by strong hydration in only two dimensions and only weak interactions between the aromatic π-system and water. Ammonium ions, on the other hand, which require hydration in three dimensions, are depleted from the surface region. The presence of strongly hydrated electrolytes out-competes neutral molecules for hydrating water molecules leading to an enhanced abundance of molecules, such as succinic acid, in the interfacial region. The partitioning is quantified and discussed in the context of atmospheric science, where the impact of the presented results on organic loading of aerosol particles is emphasized.

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Wang, Wen-Neng, e 王穩能. "The Influence Relative to The Semblance Attraction, Recommended Sales Strategy and Flattery Strategy of Alcohol Promotion Girls on The Customer’s Purchase Intention---A Case Study of T Company". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32037098131091390686.

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碩士
元智大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
99
This thesis studies principally how the semblance attraction, recommended sales strategy, and flattery strategy of alcohol promotion girls influence the customer’s purchase intention. The previous research reports study mostly how promotion workers influence the sales volume, but it’s not easy to find the document that researches the influence about the related elements of alcohol promotion girls on the customer’s purchase intention. Through the intermediary effect of the customer’s positive mood, the main object of this thesis is to research if the independent variables such as the semblance attraction of alcohol promotion girls, recommended sales strategy and flattery strategy can influence the customer’s purchase intention directly. The analysis methods used in this thesis are the structural equation pattern and path regression analysis. And the research result reveals that the semblance attraction of alcohol promotion girls, recommended sales strategy and flattery strategy have the definite influence on the customer’s positive mood. Both the customer’s positive mood and recommended sales strategy influence the purchase wish directly. According to the research result, if alcohol production companies and marketing public relations firms can handle and use the above three skills appropriately, they will have good influence on the customer’s positive mood and purchase wish. Hopefully this thesis can help all alcohol production companies and marketing public relations firms remake and readjust their sales strategies on alcohol promotion girls, and strengthen the education and training of related sales skills, in order to enhance the sales volume noticeably.

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Brand, Trevor Stanley. "The development of a sustainable and cost effective sales and distribution model for FMCG products, specifically non alcoholic beverages, in the emerging markets of the greater Durban area". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2269.

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ABI has a sophisticated and effective distribution fleet which delivers canned and bottled non alcoholic beverages to 12000 wholesale and retail outlets in the Durban Metropole and to 46000 outlets nationally. Delivery is normally executed once per week, 48 hours after a separate order is taken by an account manager. In the more rural or "emerging market" areas traditional retail outlets such as supermarkets and superettes are scarce and reliance is made on spaza and house shops. Cash flow and storage space is limited. The sales and distribution calls are expensive, relative to the size order that the spaza would place. Spaza shop owners rely on distributors or collect from wholesalers. These outlets often run out of stock. Sales revenue is thus not maximized. Outlet development is marginal. The writer embarked on a research project to develop a sustainable and cost effective Sales and Distribution model in order to address these constraints in the Emerging Market territories of ABI Durban. Traditional theory turns to channel distribution as a means to effectively reaching an entire retail market. Levels are thus added to the distribution channel. The research however showed that service levels are sometimes compromised. The model that was developed returns ABI to DSD (direct service delivery) via specially designed vehicles and combines the function of "preseller" and "delivery merchandiser" on a dedicated route. Although a marginal increase in cost per case has been experienced, deliveries are direct to store, at least twice per week. Sales growth in these routes have been in excess of 85% while the total Umlazi area grows at 13%. Customer service levels, as surveyed, are exceptional. Although the model was specifically designed by ABI Durban for use in Durban, the concept has been adopted as a best practice and is being "rolled out" across the business. By the end of 2005, 10% of ABl's fleet nationally will function as MOTD (Merchandiser Order Taker Driver) routes. Additional vehicles have been ordered for delivery during the period July 2005 to September 2005 in order for this to be achieved. This model has assisted ABI in achieving its goal of maximizing DSD and lifting service levels to its customers (retailers). Revenue has increased significantly along with volume in these areas. Invariably MOTD acts as a significant barrier to competitor entry in those geographic areas where it is utilized. The Merchandiser Order Taker Driver (MOTD) model is successful and has potential for wider use, even in more developed markets.
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.

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Herbst, Michael Casper. "Male sex workers in Pretoria: an occupational health perspective". Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2486.

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Evidence of male sex work has a history as long as female sex work. There is century old evidence of male Sumarians and Greeks selling sex to other men. Men are today still selling sex to other men. This study showed that the elimination of sex work is practically impossible, and could only be accomplished by the gross denial of basic human rights. Male sex workers have not received the same attention from researchers as have their female counterparts. This is so despite the large numbers of male sex workers in cities all over the world who potentially contribute to the worldwide sexually transmitted infection rates. It is known that wherever indiscriminate sexual activities take place, the risk of transmission of infections are greater. The activities between the male sex worker and his client(s) determine the health problems they are exposed to. The purpose of this research was to determine what transpires between male sex workers and their client(s) in order to provide the sex workers with knowledge to better take care of their own health as well as the health of their clients. A qualitative research design was used to collect data by means of in-depth interviews and participant observation sessions. Research strategies that were also used included: description, ethnography, phenomenology, and the biographic methods of qualitative research. The research revealed that men who have sex with men (MSM) were exposed to forty-nine different preventable sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS, trauma, violence, and alcohol and drug abuse. All these conditions relate to the lifestyle and activities of male sex workers. Recommendations were made regarding the removal of factors that hinder the delivery of programmes on safer sex to MSM. A booklet on safer sex for MSM was compiled by the researcher and distributed to all informants upon completion of the research. The neglected topic of male sex work was highlighted and health practitioners and other decision makers can now use the information in this thesis to make a contribution towards the better management of male sex work in South Africa in the interest of public health.
Health Studies
D.Litt et Phil. (Health Studies)

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