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Snoeck Henkemans, A. Francisca. "Argumentative patterns using symptomatic argumentation in OTC-medicine advertisements". Journal of Argumentation in Context 6, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2017): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.6.1.04sno.
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Abstract In this paper, the analysis given in Snoeck Henkemans (2016) of argumentative patterns in over-the-counter medicine advertisements is extended by providing more insight into the argumentative patterns resulting from the support of two types of claims: the claim that the medicinal product is safe and the claim that there is no better alternative for the product. It is first established which types of argument are prototypically used to support these claims. Then it is investigated what kind of extensions might result from arguers’ attempts to further support those arguments. Finally, it is explained how the argumentative patterns revolving around the ‘safety’ and ‘no better alternative’ claims can be seen as the result of advertisers’ strategic choices in selecting and presenting their arguments within the institutional constraints applying to the activity type of over-the-counter advertisements.
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Lodge, Martin. "Risk, Regulation and Crisis: Comparing National Responses in Food Safety Regulation". Journal of Public Policy 31, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2011): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x10000218.
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AbstractThe literature on risk regulation often assumes a direct link between public pressure and regulatory responses. This article investigates whether the direction of regulatory response is related to public argumentation as expressed in the national print media. Three approaches are explored: national policy patterns, political panics expressed in Pavlovian politics, and policy responses shaped by universal policy paradigms. It assesses these three approaches in comparative perspective by looking at scandals in food safety regulation in Denmark, Germany and the US, looking at argumentation patterns in the national print media and using a coding system derived from grid-group cultural theory and regulatory responses. While all three countries display mostly hierarchical argumentation patterns, their actual regulatory responses point to diverse patterns.
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De Grefte, Job. "A Modal Criterion for Epistemic Argumentation". Informal Logic 42, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2022): 389–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/il.v42i2.7020.
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In this paper, I spell out and argue for a new epistemic theory of argumentation. Contrary to extant views, this theory is compatible with a pluralistic framework on argumentation, where the norms governing argumentation depend on the aim with which we engage in the practice. A domain of specifically epistemic argumentation is singled out, and I argue based on recent findings in modal epistemology that this domain is governed by the modal norm of safety; where a belief is safe just in case it is produced by a method that would not easily produce a false belief. While this criterion is well-known and uncontroversial in epistemology, it has hitherto not been applied to epistemic theories of argumentation. I show that the norm allows for a novel and superior perspective of the relevance of the persistent interlocutor in argumentation theory, and on the relation between dialectical and epistemic norms more generally.
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Alden, Kieran, Paul S. Andrews, Fiona A. C. Polack, Henrique Veiga-Fernandes, Mark C. Coles e Jon Timmis. "Using argument notation to engineer biological simulations with increased confidence". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, n.º 104 (março de 2015): 20141059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1059.
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The application of computational and mathematical modelling to explore the mechanics of biological systems is becoming prevalent. To significantly impact biological research, notably in developing novel therapeutics, it is critical that the model adequately represents the captured system. Confidence in adopting in silico approaches can be improved by applying a structured argumentation approach, alongside model development and results analysis. We propose an approach based on argumentation from safety-critical systems engineering, where a system is subjected to a stringent analysis of compliance against identified criteria. We show its use in examining the biological information upon which a model is based, identifying model strengths, highlighting areas requiring additional biological experimentation and providing documentation to support model publication. We demonstrate our use of structured argumentation in the development of a model of lymphoid tissue formation, specifically Peyer's Patches. The argumentation structure is captured using A rtoo ( www.york.ac.uk/ycil/software/artoo ), our Web-based tool for constructing fitness-for-purpose arguments, using a notation based on the safety-critical goal structuring notation. We show how argumentation helps in making the design and structured analysis of a model transparent, capturing the reasoning behind the inclusion or exclusion of each biological feature and recording assumptions, as well as pointing to evidence supporting model-derived conclusions.
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Rosa, Victor Mozart Tavares Leal, e Nelson Barrelo Jr. "Scientific literacy: what role does the safety air cushion in rescuing people?" Concilium 23, n.º 3 (2 de março de 2023): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-861-23b06.
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It briefly discusses scientific literacy and argumentation in physics teaching. In addition, it adresses a proposal for an investigative teaching sequence (SEI) taken and synthesized from the monograph of one of the authors. Regarding scientific literacy, we sought to start from its origin and the discussion on the need to build a scientifically literate society. Whith regard to argumentation, an attempt is made to seek relationships with scientific literacy, its use in the classroom and its structure. In addition, the article has an application proposal that seeks to promote and develop students’ scientific literacy.
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Diemert, Simon, John Goodenough, Jeff Joyce e Charles Weinstock. "Incremental Assurance Through Eliminative Argumentation". Journal of System Safety 58, n.º 1 (22 de fevereiro de 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v58i1.215.
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An assurance case for a critical system is valid for that system at a particular point in time, such as when the system is delivered to a certification authority for review. The argument is structured around evidence that exists at that point in time. However, modern assurance cases are rarely one-off exercises. More information might become available (e.g., field data) that could strengthen (or weaken) the validity of the case. This paper proposes the notion of incremental assurance wherein the assurance case structure includes both the currently available evidence and a plan for incrementally increasing confidence in the system as additional or higher quality evidence becomes available. Such evidence is needed to further reduce doubts engineers or reviewers might have. This paper formalizes the idea of incremental assurance through an argumentation pattern. The concept of incremental assurance is demonstrated by applying the pattern to part of a safety assurance case for an air traffic control system.
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Kauko, Tom. "On Place Safety". Real Estate Management and Valuation 30, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2022-0006.
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Abstract For a long time, social factors have been identified as a set of crucial determinants of residential location choice and property value. Here, safety and security issues constitute a significant issue. Inhabitants are traditionally concerned about their neighborhoods and housing locations, and, considering current problems in big Western cities, this concern is by no means lessening. The study presents a social innovation for assisting the search for safe housing environments. A list of quantifiable key features regarding negative externalities and actual criminality provides the basis for constructing a checklist for the comparison of safe places within a city, or comparing cities with respect to their safety for housing occupants, investors, developers and other stakeholders. The controversial nature of the argumentation notwithstanding, this method is suggested to prove valuable in circumstances marred by increasing social hazards and turmoil.
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Almpani, Sofia, Petros Stefaneas e Panayiotis Frangos. "Argumentation-Based Logic for Ethical Decision Making". Studia Humana 11, n.º 3-4 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2022-0015.
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Abstract As automation in artificial intelligence is increasing, we will need to automate a growing amount of ethical decision making. However, ethical decision- making raises novel challenges for engineers, ethicists and policymakers, who will have to explore new ways to realize this task. The presented work focuses on the development and formalization of models that aim at ensuring a correct ethical behaviour of artificial intelligent agents, in a provable way, extending and implementing a logic-based proving calculus that is based on argumentation reasoning with support and attack arguments. This leads to a formal theoretical framework of ethical competence that could be implemented in artificial intelligent systems in order to best formalize certain parameters of ethical decision-making to ensure safety and justified trust.
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Nesterova, V. E. "The strategy of evaluative argumentation as a means of linguistic modeling of the police image in oppositional Russian and American newspapers". Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-4-33-52-63.
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The article is devoted to the strategy of evaluative argumentation in the Russian and American mass media discourse aimed at linguistic modeling of the Police image. The strategy of evaluative argumentation is one of the most effective communicative strategies for modeling the image of a social institution, where the addresser through appeal to the addressee’s emotions creates a certain model verbalized in value components and capable of having a speech impact forming the addressee’s opinion and attitude to a certain object or phenomenon. The category of assessment has the greatest speech-influencing potential due to the fact that it can replace logical argumentation in a media text, and evaluations can obtain the character of arguments themselves. The main functions of law enforcement agencies all over the world are to protect citizens’ life, health, rights and freedoms, that is, the highest values. That is why the value model is of the greatest interest in the study of the Police as a social institution. The author analyzes media texts, represented in such oppositional newspapers as “Novaya Gazeta”, “Kommersant”, “The Washington Post” and “The New York Times” for the period from 1 to 30 January 2021. As a result of the analyses of arguments and argumentative acts from oppositional newspapers representing information about the Russian and American law enforcement agencies’ activities, the author concludes that the positive image of the social institution of the Police in Russianlanguage and English-language media texts is actualized in such evaluative components as “morality”, “ethic”, “humanity”, “protection”, “safety”, “professionalism” and “legitimacy”, and the negative image is verbalized in the components “illegitimacy”, “arbitrariness”, “brutality”, “unprofessionalism”, “bias” and “threat”.
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Gómez, Sergio Alejandro, Anca Goron, Adrian Groza e Ioan Alfred Letia. "Assuring safety in air traffic control systems with argumentation and model checking". Expert Systems with Applications 44 (fevereiro de 2016): 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.027.
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Ghetiu, Teodor, Fiona Polack e James Bown. "Safety-critical systems argumentation and validation in computational modeling for drug design". Current Opinion in Biotechnology 22 (setembro de 2011): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2011.05.059.
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Cha, Dongwook. "The Crisis of Right to Informational Self-Determination versus the Crisis of Social Safety". Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 13, n.º 2 (28 de fevereiro de 2023): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2023.2.45.
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The control of information about oneself has emerged as the most sensitive issue both personally and nationally in a digital information society. In the digital information society, the right to informational self-determination is very likely to emerge as a fundamental constitutional right to be the cornerstone of maintaining a free democratic system. As a guardian of constitutional rights, the Korean Constitutional Court has maintained an appropriate balance between guaranteeing the right to informational self-determination and social safety. This paper examines how the Constitutional Court allows restrictions on the right to informational self-determination by analyzing the details of the four-step review of the principle of prohibition of excessive restriction on cases of violation of the right to informational self-determination. Even if some flaws are often found in the process of the argumentation, the Constitutional Court's credit for properly balancing the right to informational self-determination and social safety as public interest should not be underestimated.
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Gabrėnaitė, Eglė. "The Rhetoric Topic of Borrowing in Advertising". Respectus Philologicus 28, n.º 33A (25 de outubro de 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2015.28.33a.7.
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The emotional appeal dominates in the persuasive discourse; usually, it is the rhetorical argumentation, the efficiency of which is closely related to the addressee value priorities. In order to achieve the advertising targets not only the newly discovered, but also the time-tested techniques of persuasion as well as the classic eristic argumentation models are employed.
The research object of this article is the expression of borrowing topic in the advertising discourse. The aim of this research is to identify and describe the rhetoric topics, i.e., the mainrepeatable structural and conceptual models that act as arguments in the advertisements created by the companies providing quick loans. The analysis of rhetoric discourse allows to identify and describe the universal categories of argumentation, i.e., the rhetorical topics and their semantic and (or) structural modification in the persuasive discourses. The research reveals that the advertising of quick loans is based on the identical rhetorical topic expressed by the repeatable eristic arguments.
Three following eristic arguments are identified and discussed: appealing to the masses (argumentum ad populum), appealing to time (argumentum ad tempus), appealing to safety (argumentum ad securitatem). It has been asserted that the advertising denies inconvenient and unsafe loan tradition. It patronizes unrestrained culture of lending where the loan is associated with the attractive images that eliminate the threat of social separation.
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Grabbe, Niklas, Michael Höcher, Alexander Thanos e Klaus Bengler. "Safety Enhancement by Automated Driving: What are the Relevant Scenarios?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, n.º 1 (dezembro de 2020): 1686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641409.
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Automated driving offers great possibilities in traffic safety advancement. However, evidence of safety cannot be provided by current validation methods. One promising solution to overcome the approval trap (Winner, 2015) could be the scenario-based approach. Unfortunately, this approach still results in a huge number of test cases. One possible way out is to show the current, incorrect path in the argumentation and strategy of vehicle automation, and focus on the systemic mechanisms of road traffic safety. This paper therefore argues the case for defining relevant scenarios and analysing them systemically in order to ultimately reduce the test cases. The relevant scenarios are based on the strengths and weaknesses, in terms of the driving task, for both the human driver and automation. Finally, scenarios as criteria for exclusion are being proposed in order to systemically assess the contribution of the human driver and automation to road safety.
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Henn, Sandra, Bastian Kabuth, Franziska Schollemann, Carlotta Hennigs, Georg Männel, Michael Angern e Philipp Rostalski. "Concept for the testing of automated functions in therapeutic medical devices". at - Automatisierungstechnik 70, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 2022): 946–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auto-2022-0010.
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Abstract In this paper, a testing for highly automated function (HAF) is adapted from the automotive industry to therapeutic medical devices. It contains different steps to achieve a safety argumentation: First, scenarios of interest (SoI) based on a systematic generalization of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) are identified, then the concrete scenarios are generated using design of experiment (DoE). These scenarios are simulated virtually and physically and are then evaluated. The procedure is explained with the use of examples.
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Zhou, Jian, Shan Shan Li e Wei Jie Tan. "The Research of Tri-Networks Integration Security Control System". Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (julho de 2011): 1012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1012.
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Aiming at face Tri-networks integration demand bearing network/core backbone, carry out research of security control technical structure , key technologies and standards systematic In Tri-networks integration environment, to Build a safer control system that includes Facing the Tri-networks integration of business, network, content, behavior, etc. Research oriented business level controls and abnormal behavior of preventing high-speed low delay safety control equipment, builds the control center system, realize the legality of different modal information content safety monitoring control, network security situation analysis and display, control strategy of unified management and dynamic maintenance, and other functions. validation the functions and performance of security control network system, argumentation the feasibility and evolution ability of the fusion network security control system structure.
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Petrov, Artur. "Identification of sustainability of road safety improvement in Russian cities with a population of more than 1 million people". E3S Web of Conferences 138 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913801008.
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The article examines the issues of assessing the sustainability of road safety improvement process in Russian cities with a population of more than 1 million people. In 2015...2018 a sharp decrease in the overall level of road traffic accidents in the Russian Federation was recorded. However, in different regions and cities of the country this positive process runs extremely heterogeneously, with various speeds and different levels of qualitative changes in the field of road safety. The T-Wilcoxon criterion is an instrument, used in analyzing accident rate statistics, which can help in the argumentation of the opinion on the sustainability of this process or, vice versa, on the chaotic state and weak expression. On the example of accident rate statistics in Russian cities with a population of more than 1 million people, the article proves that improvement of road safety can be characterized as sustainable.
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Guo, Zhi Dong, Shi Long Liu e Zi You Wu. "Research on Application of Slow-Down Dome in Rural Highway Security Engineering". Advanced Materials Research 790 (setembro de 2013): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.278.
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Slow-down dome is widely used in rural highway security engineering due to low cost, strong deceleration performance, good quality effect. The Subject conducts the research and discussion combined with the design principles, control points of construction technology, analysis of quality inspection and evaluation and analysis on safety effect of grouted stone highway l in the security engineering of ShangShui-Quan road. This provides references for the implementation of security engineering principles which is “Safe, effective, suit measures to local conditions”. In March 2012, the Ministry of transport of rural highway construction and maintenance management work conference put appeal about " let peasants go on road safety assured way, strengthen the rural highway security infrastructure ". In order to carry out the security engineering construction principles about conference proposed “safe, effective, economic, practical" rural road, Tianjin Municipal Highway Administration Bureau set up “the implementation of technical guidelines of Tianjin city rural highway traffic safety facilities” science and technology project research group to research demonstration. This paper conducts practice of argumentation combined with quality stability, practicality, operation process safety of Caigou Road security engineering being aimed at Belgium pavement; it provides technical supporting for the further promotion of the subject.
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Meyer, Trisha, e Leo Van Audenhove. "Surveillance and Regulating Code: An Analysis of Graduated Response in France". Surveillance & Society 9, n.º 4 (20 de junho de 2012): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v9i4.4341.
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This paper analyzes a recent policy initiative in France to deter copyright infringement. In 2009, France passed two laws aimed at fighting online piracy through graduated response, a warning and sanction system. Graduated response depends on surveillance of internet uses and encourages technological regulation (code), such as internet filtering and blocking. We analyze the rationales advocated for copyright and the internet and the argumentation for surveillance and technical protection measures. In the French debate on graduated response, much attention was given to the policy goal – reducing piracy, while the means of reaching the policy goal – surveillance and code, were rarely discussed. Graduated response deals with much more than copyright. It promotes informational control by copyright holders and contributes to the normalization of surveillance and to an increase of centralized control on the internet.
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Marashi, Emad, e John P. Davis. "An argumentation-based method for managing complex issues in design of infrastructural systems". Reliability Engineering & System Safety 91, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2006): 1535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2006.01.013.
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Morshidi, Mohammad, e Muhammad Zaly Shah Muhammad Hussien. "The Effect Of Parenting Style On Adolescent’s Perception Towards Road Safety". International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 7, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v7.n1.414.
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The purview of this paper is to analyze the relationships between parenting styles and adolescent risk behaviors on the road due to the critical parental role in preventing crashes among teens. The objectives of this research are to list different parenting styles that may influence adolescent behavior, to assess the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent’s perception towards road safety, to determine which parenting style that promotes a desirable street protection habits among adolescent, and to propose a framework that integrated parenting style to road safety program. Descriptive and statistical analyses are used in this paper to interpret the data taken from 298 questionnaire-respondents which the parallel between the desired parenting style and the adolescent’s good perception of road safety is cast using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. A quantitative approach is employed in processing the data taken from those selected respondents then the qualitative data is composed and operated to complete the quantitative data by giving more comprehensive knowledge over the argumentation and more description of the quantitative result. More so, the study supports the substantial influence of parenting style on adolescent development such as the adolescents who are raised in authoritative households consistently demonstrate higher protective and fewer risk behaviors than adolescents from non-authoritative families.
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Donà, Riccardo, Biagio Ciuffo, Anastasios Tsakalidis, Lorenzo Di Cesare, Calogero Sollima, Marco Sangiorgi e Maria Cristina Galassi. "Recent Advancements in Automated Vehicle Certification: How the Experience from the Nuclear Sector Contributed to Making them a Reality". Energies 15, n.º 20 (18 de outubro de 2022): 7704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207704.
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The current paper discusses the most recent advancements in automated vehicle (AV) certification and how existing regulations/best practices from the nuclear field helped make AVs a reality. In particular, three main pillars differentiate the newly devised certification frameworks from previous automotive regulations: the introduction of a safety management system, the adoption of in-service monitoring and reporting data logging systems, and the use of virtual testing to demonstrate the safety of the AV; a set of pillars that are also found in the nuclear practice. The argumentation is informed by relevant literature and shared experiences from the nuclear power plant and transportation fields where there are established safety practices to manage safety-critical cyber-physical systems. Although the nuclear and transportation fields might seem unrelated, strong synergies were found, including risk management approaches and operational data collection procedures, which supported the timely drafting of the new regulation for AVs. Nonetheless, some open challenges remain due to peculiar aspects of AVs that will need to be addressed in the near future. Namely, practical methodologies for the residual-risk calculation for the various Operational Design Domains (ODDs), the design of scalable monitoring techniques, and the definition of detailed procedures for the virtual testing tool qualification.
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Clahsen, Sander C. S., Holly S. van Klaveren, Theo G. Vermeire, Irene van Kamp, Bart Garssen, Aldert H. Piersma e Erik Lebret. "Understanding conflicting views of endocrine disruptor experts: a pilot study using argumentation analysis". Journal of Risk Research 23, n.º 1 (12 de janeiro de 2019): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2018.1517378.
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Aziz, Maria, Azma J. Khan e Sefia Khan. "ETHICAL ISSUES IN CLINICAL TRIALS: A REVIEW OF THE RECENT LITERATURE, AN ETHICAL ARGUMENTATION". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 01 (31 de janeiro de 2021): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12393.
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Purpose: To identify ethical issues and risks involved in clinical trials and develop a conceptual model of identified issues in patient safety in clinical trials. Methodology: The review comprises of qualitative meta-analysis of available literature to identify potential ethical issues involved in the field of clinical trials. Findings: Our review identifies gaps in following core areas: 1) Research vs. Practice; 2) Inform Consent; 3) Ethical Oversight. Existing literature shows gaps in the true definition of research and does not clarify points of difference to clinical care. Existing guidelines are still confusing about the requirement of inform consent, in which cases it is mandatory and in which cases it should be waived off. There are indiscripencies, how much information should be provided in the inform consent disclosure. Is ethical oversight required in all research studies and if so at what level. We will build a streamline ethical argumentation to identify gaps in the existing literature, evaluate existing guidelines, analyze the contents to reach a conclusion and put forward recommendations for quality improvement. Conclusions: For the definition of research and its difference with clinical practice, decision should be taken in the best interest of the patient whether it is patient care or it is research.For ethical overview oversight, we suggest concept of proportionate review. Inform consent should be seeked in all researches but if becomes a barrier in patient care then waiver should be granted for the well-being of the patient. All information should be disclosed to the research participants so that they make an informed decision for their participation.
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Rijo, Rui, Ricardo Martinho e Xiaocheng Ge. "Multiple Approaches to the Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 8, n.º 4 (outubro de 2013): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.2013100104.
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Studies indicate that about 3-7% of school-age children have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). If these disorders are not diagnosed and treated early, its consequences can harshly impair the adult life of the individual. In this context, early diagnosis is critical. Clinical reasoning is a key contributor to the quality of health care. Clinical decisions at the policy level are made within a stochastic domain; decisions for individuals are usually more qualitative. In both cases, poor reasoning can result in an undesirable outcome. Clinical decisions are most typically communicated in a document through free text. Text has significant limitations (particularly ambiguity and poor structuring) whether used for analysis, or to explain the decision-making process. In safety engineering, similar problems are faced in conveying safety arguments to support certification. As a result, approaches have been developed to conveying arguments in ways which improve communication and which are more amenable to analysis. The Goal Structuring Notation (GSN) – a graphical argumentation notation for safety – was developed for those reasons. It has evolved to be one of the most widely used techniques for representing safety arguments. The use of text-mining techniques is another approach in the process of achieving or suggesting a diagnosis to the physician. This paper investigates the relative feasibility of these two approaches and discuss their complementation. Based on a case example, the benefits and problems of adopting GSN and ontology approach in clinical decision-making for ADHD are discussed and illustrated.
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Lutz-Auras, Ludmila, e Dennis Bastian Rudolf. "Politisches Damengambit – Wahrnehmungen und subjektive Ursachen weiblicher Unterrepräsentanz im Landtag Mecklenburg- Vorpommerns". Zeitschrift für Parlamentsfragen 54, n.º 2 (2023): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0340-1758-2023-2-298.
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Why do women parliamentarians perceive the issue of female underrepresentation in parliaments and politics as a problem at all? This question arises directly from Hanna Fenichel Pitkins assessment that it remains unclear to what extent descriptive forms of representation can be considered purposeful or effective for political decision-making and representation processes . Building on discussions in democratic theory, our qualitative interview study among women parliamentarians of the eighth legislative period of the state parlia- ment of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (since 2021) addresses this question from a practical perspective . Based on the subjective causes for persistent female underrepresentation, which mainly refer to institutional and cultural aspects as well as the compatibility of family and job or mandate, four modes of argumentation for the phenomenon could be outlined: (1) formal-descriptive, (2) substantive-descriptive, (3) cultural-discursive as well as (4) no perception of the problem .
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Rakhmanin, Yu A., A. V. Meltser, A. V. Kiselev e N. V. Erastova. "HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS WITH THE USE OF THE INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER ON INDICES OF CHEMICAL HARMLESSNESS AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SAFETY". Hygiene and sanitation 96, n.º 4 (27 de março de 2019): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-302-305.
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Introduction. One of the key factors influencing on the quality of drinking water is the high level of water sources of the pollution, leading to the need for large-scale water treatment. There are remained risks, the consequence of which may lead to the deterioration of the quality of drinking water which is conveyed to the population. It is necessary to introduce effective technologies of water treatment, informative and reliable approaches for the assessment of epidemiological safety and harmlessness of drinking water. One of the priority directions is the development and use of methods of the integral assessment of drinking water quality. Aim of the study. For this purpose there was developed a method for the integral assessment of drinking water relying upon indices of the chemical harmlessness and a method for the comprehensive assessment of the risk of bacterial intestinal infections transmitted by water. There is proposed a method of assessing the quality of drinking water in terms of epidemiological safety, based on the fundamental principles, and providing a probabilistic approach to the assessment of health risk. Conclusion. The development, argumentation and implementation of the method of the integral assessment of the probabilistic health risk with the combined effect of chemical and microbiological agents contained in drinking water remain to be actual.
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Piskorska, Jadwiga. "Ekspresja wycieńczonego ciała. Doświadczenie cielesności w Głodzie Knuta Hamsuna". Konteksty Kultury 19, n.º 4 (2022): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23531991kk.22.046.17512.
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Autorka rozważa problem rozdarcia między dominującym w powieści Knuta Hamsuna psychologizmem a wybrzmiewającym w narracji przejmującym doświadczeniem wycieńczonego ciała. Wywód opiera się na polemice z ujęciami badaczy, którzy interpretują dzieło Hamsuna przede wszystkim w kategoriach modernistycznej powieści miejskiej, tym samym traktując tytułowy głód jedynie jako temat tekstu, a nie strukturyzujące narrację traumatyczne, somatyczne przeżycie. Zwrócenie uwagi na pomijane często przy pobieżnej lekturze wątki skutkuje wydobyciem znaczeń i zabiegów narracyjnych prekursorskich dla dalszych zwrotów w literaturze. Expressing the Corporal Exhaustion: Experiences of Corporality in Knut Hamsun’s Hunger The aim of the article is to consider an issue of a split between the psychologism which dominates Knut Hamsun’s novel and the harrowing experience of an exhausted body echoing in the narration. The argumentation is based on a polemic with researchers interpreting Hamsun’s work in terms of a modernist urban novel, thereby treating titular hunger purely as a theme of the text, not as a traumatic, somatic experience structuring the entire narration. Focusing on issues often overlooked during cursory readings, brings out the innovative meanings and narrative techniques pioneering later literary turns.
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Sergeeva, Tatyana Vyacheslavovna, e Nadezhda Vladislavovna Samsonova. "Implementation of constructive speech behaviour of a teacher in a conflict educational environment". Pedagogy. Issues of Theory and Practice 8, n.º 9 (13 de setembro de 2023): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/ped20230135.
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The aim of the research is to identify the verbal means of constructive speech behaviour of a teacher in the implementation of skills set by the professional standard of a teacher in relation to the participants in a conflict educational environment. The paper substantiates the necessity and expediency of forming constructive speech behaviour in conflict situations as one of the most important components in the system of professional activity of a teacher. The paper is novel in that examining the problem of formation of a teacher’s constructive speech conflict behaviour, it identifies standardised educational and developmental skills, namely, the ability to manage students’ conduct to ensure the safety of the educational environment and the ability to provide pedagogical support to a student in a conflict situation. The developed speech means of implementing professional pedagogical actions in a conflict educational environment, considered as the verbal techniques for revealing the content of educational and professional tasks for educational modules in professional pedagogical education related to conflict resolution, are new as well. As a result, it has been proved that it is possible to ensure the safety of the educational environment and preserve the personal well-being of students in a conflict situation by realising the potential of the persuasion, argumentation, encouragement, empathy, prohibition speech tactics. This demonstrates the extent to which teachers master constructive speech behaviour in a conflict educational environment.
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Buliga, V. G., V. N. Safta e S. B. Adauji. "Theoretical and practical approaches to pharmaceutical safety". Social Pharmacy in Health Care 9, n.º 1 (19 de maio de 2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.23.283.
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Over the years the pharmaceutical system of the Republic of Moldova as a component of the healthcare system has faced many problems, such as the reduction of both availability due to the disappearance of vital medicines from the pharmaceutical market, and affordability due to the imperfection of the drug pricing mechanism; the involvement of non-specialists in pharmaceutical activities, which leads to a drastic decrease in the quality of pharmaceutical services; monopolization of some processes and products in the chain of drug supply actions, etc. In recent years, various aspects that directly or indirectly related to pharmaceutical safety (PS) and related health risks have been increasingly discussed in the Republic of Moldova.
Aim. To substantiate theoretically and scientifically the concepts of PS using the principles of the systematic approach and assess the quality and degree of legislative support for pharmaceutical safety in the Republic of Moldova.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted according to the methodology based on the systemic approach, including analysis and synthesis; the study of factors and processes; decomposition and construction of systems; the analysis of legislation; the argumentation and preparation of draft legislative acts, norms, strategies, programs.
Results. The analysis conducted in the course of the study demonstrates that the concept of “pharmaceutical safety” in different countries by different authors covers several aspects – the quality, safety and effectiveness of medicines, their transportation and storage according to the requirements, availability and import independence, their ethical development and promotion, their rational use, etc. In the course of the study, the definition of factors affecting and characterizing the PS system was proposed – “elements that determine the functionality and characterize the state of the pharmaceutical safety system in the country”. Three groups of factors affecting and characterizing the PS system of the Republic of Moldova were argued. Based on the classification of the factors, the method of analysis using the quantitative and qualitative expertise was developed. The quality of the PS system in the Republic of Moldova was assessed taking into account the current state of the safety level. To assess the quality of this system, the 7-point scale was used, the relative quality coefficient was determined, which was – 1.03; experts rated the quality of the PS system as “low”. To determine the degree of legislative coverage of the PS system, the algorithm was developed; it was used as a methodological tool for determining the degree of legislative and regulatory coverage of the PS system. The results of the studies allowed the elaboration of legislative proposals, which were put forward and adopted.
Conclusions. The legislative framework of the PS system was created by the adoption of Law No. 312 of 30.11.2018, which amended the Law on pharmaceutical activities, the Law on medicines, the Law on health protection, the Law on state material reserves and mobilization. The advanced training program in the field of pharmaceutical management and legislation to train practicing pharmacists has been supplemented with the topic “Pharmaceutical safety”.
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Nishchymna, S. О. "LEGAL NATURE OF PROVIDING WRITTEN EXPLANATIONS, OBSERVATIONS OR OBJECTIONS BY AN ENTITY UNDER STATE SUPERVISION (CONTROL) IN THE FIELD OF MAN-MADE AND FIRE SAFETY". Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2024, n.º 1 (19 de março de 2024): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2024.01.081.
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The article examines such a mechanism of interaction of the subject, which is subject to state supervision (control) in the field of man-made and fire safety, with the controlling body as the provision of written explanations, comments or objections to the act or regarding the implementation of state supervision (control). Providing such explanations, comments or objections should be considered as the right of the subject under control, which should correspond to the corresponding duty of the control body to consider the latter and take them into account in further activities when making a decision based on the results of the inspection. Although the current legislation does not contain a direct instruction on the obligation of the state supervision (control) body in the field of man-made and fire safety to take into account the received comments in further activities, the principle of objectivity and impartiality of state supervision (control), which is enshrined at the legislative level, requires the following remarks to be taken into account. The use of such a right is rather a tool to draw attention to individual parties of the conducted inspection and the violations described in the act, therefore the regulation in the legislation of the corresponding possibility of the subject under control is a significant optimization and legal mechanism of interaction between the controlling body and the subject under control, thanks to which a balance of private and public interests. The results of the exercise of the right to provide explanations, comments or objections depends both on the argumentation of the latter and on the timeliness of their submission. Key words: state supervision (control); state supervision (control) in the field of man-made and fire safety; act of inspection in the field of man-made and fire safety; the rights of subject to state supervision (control) in the field of man-made and fire safety; explanations, comments, objections.
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Payasan, Lalu Guntur, Arthur Josias S. Runturambi e Iqrak Sulhin. "Medical Malpractice Transformation in the Internet of Medical Things Era". Technium Social Sciences Journal 38 (9 de dezembro de 2022): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v38i1.7880.
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The Internet of medical things brought changes to the practice of medicine. The change is due to the inclusion of elements of devices and networks in medical services. The device and network elements in medical devices have many vulnerabilities that can lead to losses experienced by patients when they receive medical services. Therefore, this study will examine how these changes then have an impact on losses that in criminology are considered medical malpractice. A qualitative explanatory approach to both primary and secondary data is then used by researchers to support the argumentation. The results showed that the argument for the possibility of other perpetrators besides doctors who could then be interpreted as committing crimes that cause harm to patients was proven to be good from the responsibility of other human beings (electromedicine) as guarantors of device safety and reliability; manufacture and distributor of devices both from the prototype process, to use in health care facilities; and providers and hackers in the network used by healthcare devices. The impact can be seen in the discussion
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Kostadinov, Vasil. "SHORT COMMENT ON THE LAW FOR PRIVATE SECURITY AND REGULATIONS FOR ITS APPLICATION". KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, n.º 5 (5 de junho de 2019): 1545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31051545k.
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With the approval of the new Law for the private security, since 31 march 2018, wasn't fully implemented, visualised in the motives for its actualisation. Without the argumentation needed, there were established numerous types of private security activity; there was not a strict formulation of the minimal requirements for safety and security of the objects; there is no connection with the institutions for professional education and tuition and covering the criteria of the national standarts for the profession "Personal security"; the contracting authority does not participate in the process of coordination the organized guarding activity. With the elimination of the incomplete elements it is suggested - the minimal requirements for safety and security to be related with the clasification of building s with their class of physical security; precise definition of the separate types of security activity ; defining the documents needed for the planning, organization and control of the activity, to be coordinated with the contracting authority or its representative; unification of the criteria and tefhnical activity in different situations for all types if private security activity, defining the criteria in the subdelegated legislation, for direct conection with the authorities from the system of professional education and tuition , with covering the criteria of the national educational standarts for the profession of of "Guard" and their implementation in the practice; introducing of effective control from the Ministry of education and science in the process.
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Fairuz Zahra, Shalsabila Putri, e Dina Mukti Yatulloh. "Legal Protections Analysis for Physical Assault Victims and Their Impact on Public Safety: Case Study of Judge's Decision Number 399/Pid.B/2020/PN Dps". Arkus 10, n.º 3 (9 de junho de 2024): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v10i3.573.
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Demolition is a criminal act that not only violates the human rights of victims, but also has a serious impact on the community's sense of security. This study aims to examine the legal protection provided to victims of demolition in Judge Decision Number 399/Pid.B/2020/PN Dps and its implications for public safety. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach. Primary data is obtained from judges' decisions, while secondary data is collected from laws and regulations, legal literature, and previous research. Data analysis is carried out qualitatively with legal interpretation and argumentation techniques. The decision of Judge Number 399/Pid.B/2020/PN Dps shows that there are efforts to protect the law for victims of demolition through the provision of compensation and rehabilitation. However, this ruling has not fully reflected the more comprehensive aspect of restorative justice. The implication of this decision on public security is that there is still potential vulnerability and public distrust of law enforcement. Legal protection for victims of demolition needs to be strengthened with a more comprehensive restorative justice approach, involving the active participation of victims, perpetrators, and the community. The strengthening of legal protection is expected to increase public security and prevent similar crimes from occurring in the future.
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Budrytė, Dovilė. "‘A Decolonising Moment of Sorts’: The Baltic States’ Vicarious Identification with Ukraine and Related Domestic and Foreign Policy Developments". Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 17, n.º 4 (14 de dezembro de 2023): 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51870/ypij8030.
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In a recent essay on the war in Ukraine in The Journal of Genocide Research, Maria Mälksoo argues that the ongoing war in Ukraine has become a ‘decolonising moment of sorts’ as Central and Eastern European states have started taking the ‘moral and practical lead’ in supporting Ukraine and thus asserting their own agency. Following this line of argumentation, this paper will explore the Baltic states’ vicarious identification with Ukraine, identifying multiple ways in which these actors have initiated policies to support Ukraine internationally and the ways in which solidarity with Ukraine have been received by various domestic constituencies, including ethnic minorities. By vicariously identifying with Ukraine, the Baltic states have continued their transformation from ‘policy-takers’ to ‘policy-makers’ in the European security landscape. This transformation can be traced back to 2004, when they joined the transatlantic community and the European Union. At the same time, similarly to the 2013–2014 crisis in Ukraine, the trauma of the war has become an engine of new discourses and new divisions within the Baltic states, prompting societal debates about the legacy of the Soviet Union associated with Russia (including the fate of monuments to Soviet soldiers) and the relationship with Russian culture.
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Loist, Skadi, e Marijke De Valck. "Spotlight on Film Festivals in Ukraine Today". Journal of Festive Studies 4, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2023): 116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33823/jfs.2022.4.1.130.
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This roundtable begins with each festival organizer explaining how the outbreak of the current war in Ukraine affected the planning and organizing of their respective film festivals. The discussion that unfolds conveys that the festival organizers stand quite united in their responses to the situation, despite differences in geographic proximity to ongoing hostilities on the ground and opportunities available for drafting up alternative scenarios. They engage in cultural diplomacy and collaborate with international colleagues to create visibility for Ukrainian culture and people. Moreover, there is a shared belief in the need for a boycott of Russian culture. The edited transcript presents detailed argumentation in favor of the Russian cultural boycott as well as responses to concrete issues that had media coverage. Other themes discussed concern the role cinema and film festivals can play in the face of war. The participants acknowledge the trauma that is being inflicted on the Ukrainian people and express hope that safety will be restored quickly, for this is a basic condition necessary to start thinking about and giving substance to the role of cinema and film festivals in dealing with the trauma of war.
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Ząbkowicz, Anna. "Mandatory pension funds in Chile: decline of the arrangement?" e-Finanse 13, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2017): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0043.
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AbstractChile has been both a pioneer and the most radical follower of the idea of converting pension savings into contributions to privately-managed capital funds. Two recent portions of reforms under President Bachelet extended the social safety net as well as re-introduced publicly-administered programs on behalf of retirees.Does such direction, in the country with the longest lasting evidence of privatized fully-funded pensions mean a fall of the arrangement? The article attempts a political-economic argumentation in aim to form the answer.The premise is that risk sharing constitutes a crucial issue in insurance industry where old-age security is largely placed. In social security segment the risk of default on liabilities is backed by taxing capacity of the state; in fully-funded-pensions plans normally this is individual contributor who faces the portfolio risk. Therefore change in risk sharing between the contributors to the funds, pension management companies and the state is fundamental for evaluation of the reforms. The review of Chilean reforms reveals an institutional arrangement which is fundamental to risk sharing, namely the relation between contribution and benefit, left intact. This finding supports the conclusion that bringing recently the state back into retirement system can not be conceived as any systemic revolution.
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Lanska, Douglas J. "Disinformation by Proponents of Perkins’ Patent “Metallick Tractors” (1798–1806) to Sway Public Opinion in Britain in Favor of a Fraudulent Therapy". Histories 4, n.º 1 (30 de janeiro de 2024): 66–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories4010006.
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In 1796, American physician Elisha Perkins patented “metallick Tractors” for the treatment of various ailments, particularly those associated with pain. They were subsequently rapidly and widely disseminated in the United States and Great Britain based on testimonials and deceptive marketing tactics. Dissemination was facilitated by endorsements from prominent physicians, politicians, and clergymen; quasi-theoretical, handwaving explanations of efficacy based on Galvani’s then-current experiments; and the procedure’s apparent safety and simplicity. However, blinded placebo-controlled trials in Great Britain using sham devices demonstrated that the therapy was ineffective. In response, in the period from 1798 to 1806, Perkinists unleashed a barrage of disinformation (ad hominem attacks, misleading arguments, unethical propaganda tactics, and poetic and graphic satire) to sway public opinion in favor of the fraudulent therapy and against its critics. The disinformation slowed the abandonment of “tractoration”, but higher-level scientific argumentation ultimately prevailed. The Perkinist disinformation campaign had antecedents with the Mesmerist disinformation campaign in the mid-1780s. Similar propaganda tactics are still widely employed to encourage the purchase and use of disproven or fraudulent therapies, as evidenced by propaganda from adherents of acupuncture in response to negative clinical trials and from supporters of unsafe and ineffective therapies promulgated during COVID-19.
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Milyaeva, L. G. "COMPREHENSIVE DIAGNOSIS OF THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RESOURCES SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE". Economics Profession Business, n.º 4 (10 de dezembro de 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202155.
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In the context of a crisis economy, the need for an analysis of the employment of enterprise personnel is significantly updated — the most important socio-economic category, which largely determines the level of competitiveness and personnel safety of the economic entity. The theoretical component of the work is devoted to substantiating the essence of the definition of «employment of enterprise personnel», positioned as a system of social and labor relations within the framework of a specific labor cooperation; accordingly, the methodological component of the work is argumentation, description and illustration on conditional examples of seven key points that form the concept of the study of personnel employment at the current research stage. The central place in the article is given to the presentation of the original author’s methodology for a comprehensive (satisfied-structural) assessment of the situation in the field of employment of enterprise personnel, based on the allocation of complex types of employment and the development of the Employment Matrix, which allows you to diagnose the achieved level of personnel security, identify problematic issues and justify targeted management decisions aimed at their normalization. In conclusion, the distinctive features of the methodology are emphasized (simplicity, visibility of the presentation of results, diversification of use, universal nature), and the legality of its replication in specialized publications is justified.
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Yermolenko, Anatoliy. "Socratic dialogue in Lesia Ukrainka's poetic and practical philosophy". Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n.º 2 (12 de junho de 2021): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.02.020.
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The article is about the poetic-practical philosophy of dialog of Lesia Ukrainka, which is manifested in the dramatic creativity of the prominent poetess, her translation activity and the concept of “person-nature relations”. In the text it is shown that Lesia Ukrainka created a new genre of contemporary drama on the basis of application of “Socratic dialog”, which started an important direction in contemporary literature and coincides with a leading trend of world philosophy associated with the paradigmatic turning point from the philosophy of subjectivity to the philosophy of inter-subjectivity. The kinship of the Socratic philosophy of dialog and “Socratic drama” is also referred to. The author also showed that the meaning of Socratic dialog of Lesia Ukrainka in the resolution of the main problems of world outlook of modernity and the role of argumentation, in particular, the method of elenctics, the realization of such notions as “truth” and “verity”, which is particularly important the modern day situation of “posttruth” and “post-morality”. Against the background of the global environmental crisis, it is important to look at the way how Lesya Ukrainka suggests treating nature as a subject and partner in dialogue. This paradigm continues and deepens the Romantic concept of nature as a partner in a conversation and co-creator of the liber mundi ("the book of the world"). It also opens the opportunity to apply hermeneutical methods of understanding nature as a common world (Mitwelt) of communication, love and creativity. The article also analyzes the topic of dialogue between cultures, as well as perception and understanding of another culture as a subject in a dialogue. We can see this focus in Lesya Ukrainka's approach to translation of poetic texts produced by cultures from distant places and epochs.
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Kaczmarek, Agata Maria, Juliusz Huber, Przemysław Daroszewski, Maciej Zbigniew Głowacki, Agnieszka Szymankiewicz-Szukała e Anna Kalek. "INTRAOPERATIVE NEUROMONITORING DURING SURGICAL CORRECTION OF SPRENGEL’S DEFORMITY". Issues of Rehabilitation, Orthopaedics, Neurophysiology and Sport Promotion – IRONS 33, n.º 33 (dezembro de 2020): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19271/irons-000128-2020-33.
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Introduction Neuromonitoring (IOM) is a procedure for verification of the nerve impulse transmission along structures of central and peripheral nervous system during surgical procedures. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recordings from muscles induced with electrical pulses transcranially to motor cortex centers are especially useful during the surgery with an increased risk of iatrogenic damage to efferent nerve structures. Aim of the study The aim of this report is to present the scenario of the reversible inhibition in pathways transmitting nerve impulses during surgical correction of Sprengel’s deformity with the assessment of IOM. Material and methods Nine-year old girl was admitted to the hospital due to congenital high scapula. Corrective surgery was performed using the Woodward technique with an assessment of IOM. Results The amplitudes and latencies of the MEPs from muscles of upper right extremity were recorded as decreased and increased, respectively at about 20% during the final fixation of scapula. Thanks to these recordings surgeons could prevent the permanent damage of the brachial plexus fibers, by partial releasing of applied sutures. After surgery and subsequent rehabilitation the patient returned to the normal activity in right upper extremity. Association of electromyography and MEPs results helped with ordering and controlling the course of treatment. Conclusions The benefit of IOM relay on the safety of orthopedic surgery and decreasing the number of iatrogenic perioperative complications. This diagnostic procedure is also a strong point for argumentation in hospital administration during negotiations with lawyer representing the patient when iatrogenic complication appear.
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Hoevenaars, Femke, Jan-Willem van der Kamp, Willem van den Brink e Suzan Wopereis. "Next Generation Health Claims Based on Resilience: The Example of Whole-Grain Wheat". Nutrients 12, n.º 10 (25 de setembro de 2020): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12102945.
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Health claims on foods are a way of informing consumers about the health benefits of a food product. Traditionally, these claims are based on scientific evaluation of markers originating from a pharmacological view on health. About a decade ago, the definition of health has been rephrased to ‘the ability to adapt’ that opened up the possibility for a next generation of health claims based on a new way of quantifying health by evaluating resilience. Here, we would like to introduce an opportunity for future scientific substantiation of health claims on food products by using whole-grain wheat as an example. Characterization of the individual whole wheat grain food product or whole wheat flour would probably be considered as sufficiently characterized by the European Food Safety Authority, while the food category whole grain is not specific enough. Meta-analysis provides the scientific evidence that long-term whole-grain wheat consumption is beneficial for health, although results from single ‘gold standard’ efficacy studies are not always straight forward based on classic measurement methods. Future studies may want to underpin the scientific argumentation that long-term whole grain wheat consumption improves resilience, by evaluating the disruption and rate of a selected panel of blood markers in response to a standardized oral protein glucose lipid tolerance test and aggregated into biomarkers with substantiated physiological benefits, to make a next-generation health claim for whole-grain wheat achievable in the near future.
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Fang, Yuchu, Wenzhong Li, Yao Zeng, Yang Zheng, Zheng Hu e Sanglu Lu. "PatchNAS: Repairing DNNs in Deployment with Patched Network Architecture Search". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n.º 12 (26 de junho de 2023): 14811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26730.
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Despite being widely deployed in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving and health care, deep neural networks (DNNs) still suffer from non-negligible reliability issues. Numerous works had reported that DNNs were vulnerable to either natural environmental noises or man-made adversarial noises. How to repair DNNs in deployment with noisy samples is a crucial topic for the robustness of neural networks. While many network repairing methods based on data argumentation and weight adjustment have been proposed, they require retraining and redeploying the whole model, which causes high overhead and is infeasible for varying faulty cases on different deployment environments. In this paper, we propose a novel network repairing framework called PatchNAS from the architecture perspective, where we freeze the pretrained DNNs and introduce a small patch network to deal with failure samples at runtime. PatchNAS introduces a novel network instrumentation method to determine the faulty stage of the network structure given the collected failure samples. A small patch network structure is searched unsupervisedly using neural architecture search (NAS) technique with data samples from deployment environment. The patch network repairs the DNNs by correcting the output feature maps of the faulty stage, which helps to maintain network performance on normal samples and enhance robustness in noisy environments. Extensive experiments based on several DNNs across 15 types of natural noises show that the proposed PatchNAS outperforms the state-of-the-arts with significant performance improvement as well as much lower deployment overhead.
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Babisch, Stefan, Christian Neurohr, Lukas Westhofen, Stefan Schoenawa e Henrik Liers. "Leveraging the GIDAS Database for the Criticality Analysis of Automated Driving Systems". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (8 de maio de 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1349269.
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A safe introduction of automated driving systems on urban roads requires a thorough understanding of the traffic conflicts and accidents. This understanding is paramount to constructively safeguard these systems, i.e., to design a system that exhibits an adequate performance even in critical situations. In this work, we present an approach to gather knowledge by analyzing the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) database, which is representative of all German traffic accidents, along with the influencing factors that are hypothesized to be associated with increased criticality in relation to automated driving. In order to gain an insight into the risk associated with these factors in real-world accidents, we determine their presence in the database’s accident cases within a selected operational domain, enabled by translation from a natural language description to the database scheme employed by GIDAS. This initial catalog as well as the subsequent statistical considerations is motivated by analyzing the criticality for automated driving systems in urban areas. Based on this catalog, our work delineates a method for quantification of risk associated with such influencing factors in a given operational domain based on real-world accident data. This quantification can subsequently be used in decompositional, scenario-based risk assessment before system design and for the embedding safety argumentation. This paper, therefore, provides a blueprint of how the matured field of traffic accident research studies and its results, in particular accident databases, can be leveraged for risk assessment of the operational domain of automated driving systems.
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SHAMRAI, Viktoria. "Discursive dimension of institutions". Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n.º 2 (17 de agosto de 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.02.083.
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The article considers the leading and indisputable role of discursive practices in the existence of social institutions, especially in democratic governance. The necessity of searching for heuristi- cally effective approaches in the analysis of social reality in general, and especially modern soci- ality, is substantiated. In this context, the theoretical modernization of the institutional approach in the analysis of social phenomena by involving the concept of discourse in the structure of this approach is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the dual meaning of social institutions — as ways of organizing the life of society and as instances (mediums) of normative, through which the order of social life is constituted, reproduced, and changed. This solves the “rule-organization” dilem- ma in neo-institutionalism. It is transferred to the mode of two inseparable and complementary functions of the institute — normative and regulative. The analysis of those semantic, organiza- tional, and procedural loadings which carry out discursive practices inactivity of institutes of society is given. In particular, emphasis is placed on the complex structure of normativity em- bodied by the public institution. It should at least highlight the explicit normativity of the system of rules and regulations on the one hand, and the order of discourse created and maintained by this institution, on the other. Discourse corresponds to the normativity in its usability — as a real process of normalization of life. Normativity exists only by generating certain practices of speech, communication, and argumentation (conclusion). This becomes the basis for distin- guishing the concept of an institution as a discursive mode of existence of a social institution on the one hand, and as a way of organizing discourse in society (order of discourse) — on the other. Among the main social effects of institutions are the generation of trust as the basis of social relations and the longevity of cultural experience. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of the existence and activities of institutions: each institution is involved in the general discursive-com- municative field of society, and in turn, influences it.
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Maslova, Yuliia. "PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE MODERN NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE OF UKRAINE WAR PERIOD: PRAGMATIC EFFECT". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, n.º 17(85) (22 de junho de 2023): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2023-17(85)-298-302.
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There is no doubt about the relevance of the study of language units of paremia in the Ukrainian-language newspaper discourse, because this topic is little studied in the scientific works of linguists. In our study, we interpret newspaper discourse as a complex mental and sociocultural phenomenon, pragmatic in its expressive representations, complex in content and construction structure due to the need to reflect information about the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. The modern newspaper text of the war period is a vivid representative of the use of paremiological units, which testify to an extremely expressive atmosphere in the information space and explain the national potentials and originality of the native language. A significant feature of the activation of paremia in journalism is that the modern newspaper text becomes more readable, harmonious, ethnically marked, attractive, with bright expressive semantic and stylistic shades of appreciation, relies on the popular phraseological trends of Ukrainians to express reality. In our study, paremias are understood as linguistic units with a pragmatic effect, which form a functionally productive source of expressions for uncontrollable emotions, excitement and upheavals, most fully reflect the tragedy of modern realities of war, express a positive or negative social/authorial assessment of the depicted events. Paremiological units are powerful repeaters of national culture, they contain the genetic code of the people, ethnic group, nation, so journalists use paremiological material as an effective way of rhetorical argumentation, an authoritative source of folk wisdom, to finally convince the audience, emotionally impress them, make them believe and trust the author. We have proven that the array of paremias in newspaper texts ensures the success of the communicative act, because it contributes to the process of mental encoding and decoding of information, the levelling of communication barriers, the popularization of Ukrainian culture, and the expression of intellectual thought. The newspaper discourse of the war period appears as a vivid representative of the mentality and a powerful source of broadcasting the national code of the Ukrainian ethnos.
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Yu, Weilei, e Mayuko Nishio. "Multilevel Structural Components Detection and Segmentation toward Computer Vision-Based Bridge Inspection". Sensors 22, n.º 9 (4 de maio de 2022): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093502.
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Bridge inspection plays a critical role in mitigating the safety risks associated with bridge deterioration and decay. CV (computer vision) technology can facilitate bridge inspection by accurately automating the structural recognition tasks, especially useful in UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles)-assisted bridge inspections. This study proposed a framework for the multilevel inspection of bridges based on CV technology, and provided verification using CNN (convolution neural network) models. Using a long-distance dataset, recognition of the bridge type was performed using the Resnet50 network. The dataset was built using internet image captures of 1200 images of arched bridges, cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges, and the network was trained and evaluated. A classification accuracy of 96.29% was obtained. The YOLOv3 model was used to recognize bridge components in medium-distance bridge images. A dataset was created from 300 images of girders and piers collected from the internet, and image argumentation techniques and the tuning of model hyperparameters were investigated. A detection accuracy of 93.55% for the girders and 82.64% for the piers was obtained. For close-distance bridge images, segmentation and recognition of bridge components were investigated using the instance segmentation algorithm of the Mask–RCNN model. A dataset containing 800 images of girders and bearings was created, and annotated based on Yokohama City bridge inspection image records data. The trained model showed an accuracy of 90.8% for the bounding box and 87.17% for the segmentation. This study also contributed to research on bridge image acquisition, computer vision model comparison, hyperparameter tuning, and optimization techniques.
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Dharwiyanto Putro, Bambang, e A. A. Ayu Murniasih. "Study of Local Wisdom on the Role of Culture in Maternal and Child Health in Ruteng Subdistrict, Manggarai District, NTT Province". Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 3, n.º 1 (8 de maio de 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2019.v03.i01.p08.
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Health problems are closely related to culture or tradition in society. Cultural values in the community of Manggarai is a cultural potential that can be used as a means of agreeing to various public health issues including finding solutions to problems in the field of maternal and child health. Until now, traditional cultural values (local wisdom) still play important role in the process of maternal and child health care in the practice of pregnancy and childbirth care, and some are still handled by a traditional midwife (ata pecing). This study aims at determining the role of culture in maternal and child health practices, how health care search behavior and cultural potential of maternal and child health care practices in Ruteng sub-district are. The study was conducted by using an ethnographic approach method as one of the variants of the qualitative approach. The research activities included field assessments to understand the condition of the research location, field data collection by using interview, observation, literature and document verification techniques. The data collected from various sources were then processed, analyzed, and then presented in the form of interpretative descriptive argumentation. Manggarai community still believes in local customs and some particular behaviors for pregnant and postpartum women. A cultural conception of abstinence is intended to safeguard the safety of the mother and baby. However, the reasons revealed related to the restrictions are only symbolic. Health care providers and health workers need to understand the symbolic meaning contained in the respective abstinence.
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Yermolenko, Anatoliy. "The practical philosophy of Hryhorii Skovoroda in the light of our experience". Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, n.º 4 (13 de dezembro de 2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2022.04.007.
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The article deals with the practical philosophy of Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda from the point of view of the leading trends of modern philosophical thought: the «rehabilitation of practical philo- sophy» and the communicative turn in philosophy, the components of which are the neo-Socratic dialogue, the philosophy of communication, and the ethics of discourse. The interpretation of Skovoroda’s philosophy is carried out not only in accordance with the principle «know yourself» as a method of knowledge, but primarily in the dimension of the Socratic dialogue, when the methods of morals and elenctics are used in the joint search for truth, solving moral problems. The dialogic nature of Skovoroda’s method consists in searching for the truth together with other people through argumentation, the truth that also appears as a moral category. The article shows the actualization of Skovoroda’s philosophy in the pre-Soviet, Soviet and modern periods of the study of his work in independent Ukraine. The main thesis of the work consists in the statement that Skovoroda did not reduce philosophy to life, but raised life itself to philosophy. Philosophy was his life — a practical philosophy of life that formed his dialogical habitus. Socratic dialogue appears in philosophy, in everyday practices of communication with people, in particular, in the itinerant habitus of the thinker. Traveling is an important element of his philosophy, his life, and his habitus. The itinerant nature of Skovoroda’s habitus takes his dialogues beyond epistemology, transferring the dialogue to a practical, or rather, moral-practical plane. Skovoroda as an educator, relying on the habitus of Ukrainian culture and dialogic practices, transcends this habitus, elevating it to the habitus of reason. The work asserts the opinion about the need and necessity to develop and practice neo-skovorodinian dialogue as a component of the worldwide trend of development of dialogic practical philosophy and dialogic civilization. The article shows not only the significance of Skovoroda’s philosophy as a historical-philosophical phenomenon, but also its role in modern philosophical research in Ukraine, as well as the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people in the fight against Russia’s aggressive policy.
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Gallagher, John, e Heidi Y. Lawrence. "Rhetorical Appeals and Tactics in New York Times Comments About Vaccines: Qualitative Analysis". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n.º 12 (4 de dezembro de 2020): e19504. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19504.
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Background Improving persuasion in response to vaccine skepticism is a long-standing problem. Elective nonvaccination emerging from skepticism about vaccine safety and efficacy jeopardizes herd immunity, exposing those who are most vulnerable to the risk of serious diseases. Objective This article analyzes vaccine sentiments in the New York Times as a way of improving understanding of why existing persuasive approaches may be ineffective and offers insight into how existing methods might be improved. We categorize pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine arguments, offering an in-depth analysis of pro-vaccine appeals and tactics in particular to enhance current understanding of arguments that support vaccines. Methods Qualitative thematic analyses were used to analyze themes in rhetorical appeals across 808 vaccine-specific comments. Pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine comments were categorized to provide a broad analysis of the overall context of vaccine comments across viewpoints, with in-depth rhetorical analysis of pro-vaccine comments to address current gaps in understanding of pro-vaccine arguments in particular. Results Appeals across 808 anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine comments were similar, though these appeals diverged in tactics and conclusions. Anti-vaccine arguments were more heterogeneous, deploying a wide range of arguments against vaccines. Additional analysis of pro-vaccine comments reveals that these comments use rhetorical strategies that could be counterproductive to producing persuasion. Pro-vaccine comments more frequently used tactics such as ad hominem arguments levied at those who refuse vaccines or used appeals to science to correct beliefs in vaccine skepticism, both of which can be ineffective when attempting to persuade a skeptical audience. Conclusions Further study of pro-vaccine argumentation appeals and tactics could illuminate how persuasiveness could be improved in online forums.