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Iriarte, Fanny B., Mathews L. Paret e Susannah Da Silva. "Reemergence of Cylindrocladium Crown Rot of Roses in Florida". Plant Health Progress 22, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-07-20-0061-br.
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On April 2017, four out of 10,000 Double Knock Out Red roses were observed presenting partially wilted and chlorotic foliage in a commercial nursery in Gadsden Co., Florida. Closer examination of the plant crown revealed brown discoloration of the woody tissue. Under high temperature (85°F) and humidity (70%), shoots progressively turned chlorotic and necrotic, leading to plant death in 4 months. A rapid-growing fungus presenting orange-brown mycelium and abundant cylindrical spores was isolated from infected woody crown tissue. BLAST analysis of the resulting sequence (GenBank no. MT019606) of this pathogen had 100% identity to Calonectria cylindrospora β-tubulin gene (GenBank no. FJ918509.1). Koch’s postulates were conducted on healthy Double Knock Out roses. Two weeks after inoculation, shoots of inoculated plants turned progressively chlorotic and then necrotic, leading to plant death in 2 months. The same pathogen was reisolated from infected plant parts, which sequence also had 100% identity to C. cylindrospora β-tubulin gene (GenBank no. FJ918509.1). This pathogen is the same as one of three isolated from crown rot of roses back in 1994 and identified as Cylindrocladium scoparium (teleomorph: C. cylindrospora [Ellis & Everh.]). In this new occurrence, all infected plants were removed from the nursery, and no further infections were detected. This finding is important for commercial growers to be aware of the potential presence of this pathogen in their nurseries. Knowing the symptoms will help them recognize the disease and take action to prevent spread of the disease.
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Andayanie, Wuye Ria. "Pendampingan pada Petani Mawar Tabur di Desa Tapak Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan". JURNAL DAYA-MAS 3, n.º 2 (25 de janeiro de 2019): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v3i2.8.
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Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) is classified as the genus Rosa and is an ornamental flower plant in the form of herbs with thorny stems. Roses have many types, one of which is a type of sowing roses that are widely grown in Tapak Village, Panekan Subdistrict. Sowing roses can be used as a support for daily economic needs by residents in Tapak Village. In addition, rose plants can be used as conservation plants, if planted on a bench terrace on sloping land. The Panekan area is an area declared by the Magetan Regency Government as an area prone to landslides. Until now the terraces of sloping land in Tapak Village are often not utilized with terrace reinforcing plants, so land degradation is increasing and expanding, mainly due to the high level of soil erosion, especially in sloping areas. Utilization of conservation techniques with rose plants on sloping lands prone to erosion can reduce degradation of soil fertility. Therefore it is necessary to provide assistance for: 1) planting a terrace with rose plants; 2) supply of rose seeds and non-dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers. Community service activities are held from October to December 2018. Each partner farmer is given training and is facilitated to supply sowing roses and compost plus for nurseries. The method of activity uses a group approach, field meeting, farmer course. The mentoring activity was carried out with a pattern of rural appraisal Participatory, namely working with members of farmer groups in Tapak Village. The results of the mentoring activities were carried out to increase the income of sowing rose farmers and reduce degradation on sloping land. Keywords—: sowing roses, terrace, degradation, Tapak Village
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Andayanie, Wuye Ria, e Ahadiati Rohmatiah. "Pendampingan pada Petani Mawar Tabur di Desa Tapak Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan". JURNAL DAYA-MAS 4, n.º 2 (25 de novembro de 2019): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/dymas.v4i2.28.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Rose (Rosa hybrida L.) is classified as the genus Rosa and is an ornamental flower plant in the form of herbs with thorny stems. Roses have many types, one of which is a type of sowing roses that are widely grown in Tapak Village, Panekan Subdistrict. Sowing roses can be used as a support for daily economic needs by residents in Tapak Village. In addition, rose plants can be used as conservation plants, if planted on a bench terrace on sloping land. The Panekan area is an area declared by the Magetan Regency Government as an area prone to landslides. Until now the terraces of sloping land in Tapak Village are often not utilized with terrace reinforcing plants, so land degradation is increasing and expanding, mainly due to the high level of soil erosion, especially in sloping areas. Utilization of conservation techniques with rose plants on sloping lands prone to erosion can reduce degradation of soil fertility. Therefore it is necessary to provide assistance for: 1) planting a terrace with rose plants; 2) supply of rose seeds and non-dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers. Community service activities are held from October to December 2018. Each partner farmer is given training and is facilitated to supply sowing roses and compost plus for nurseries. The method of activity uses a group approach, field meeting, farmer course. The mentoring activity was carried out with a pattern of rural appraisal Participatory, namely working with members of farmer groups in Tapak Village. The results of the mentoring activities were carried out to increase the income of sowing rose farmers and reduce degradation on sloping land.
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Salgado-Salazar, Catalina, Nina Shiskoff, Margery Daughtrey, Cristi L. Palmer e Jo Anne Crouch. "Downy Mildew: A Serious Disease Threat to Rose Health Worldwide". Plant Disease 102, n.º 10 (outubro de 2018): 1873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-17-1968-fe.
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Peronospora sparsa is a downy mildew-causing oomycete that can infect roses, blackberries, and other members of the rose family. During the last 70 years, this disease has become a serious problem for rose growers in the U.S. and worldwide. While much is known about the disease and its treatment, including significant research on molecular identification methods, as well as environmental conditions conducive to disease and the fungicides used to prevent it, significant knowledge gaps remain in our basic comprehension of the pathogen’s biology. For example, the degree of genetic relatedness of pathogen isolates collected from rose, caneberries, and cherry laurel has never been examined, and the natural movement of genotypes from host to host is not known. Further work could be done to determine the differences in pathogen population structure over time (using herbarium specimens and fresh collections) or differences in pathogen population structure and pathogen environmental adaptation for specimens from different geographic regions. The oospore stage of the organism is poorly understood, both as to how it forms and whether it serves as an overwintering structure in nurseries and landscapes. In production greenhouses, the detection of the pathogen using infrared thermographic imaging and possible inhibition by ultraviolet light needs to be explored. Further work needs to be done on breeding using wild roses as new sources for resistance and using new methods such as marker assisted selection and RNAi technologies. As roses are one of the most economically important ornamental crops worldwide, a proper understanding of the disease cycle could allow for better use of cultural and chemical controls to manage rose downy mildew in landscapes and in greenhouse and nursery production areas.
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Pemberton, H. Brent, Kevin Ong, Mark Windham, Jennifer Olson e David H. Byrne. "What is Rose Rosette Disease?" HortScience 53, n.º 5 (maio de 2018): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12550-17.
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Rose rosette disease (RRD) is incited by a negative-sense RNA virus (genus Emaravirus), which is vectored by a wind-transported eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes fructiphilus). Symptoms include witches broom/rosette-type growth, excessive prickles (thorns), discolored and distorted growth, and, unlike most other rose diseases, usually results in plant death. RRD is endemic to North America and was first described in Manitoba, Wyoming, and California in the 1940s. It has spread east with the aid of a naturalized rose species host and has become epidemic from the Great Plains to the East Coast of North America on garden roses in home and commercial landscapes where losses have been high. The disease was suggested to be incited by a virus from the beginning, but only recently has this been confirmed and the virus identified. The presence of the vector mite on roses has been associated with RRD since the first symptoms were described. However, more recently, the mite was demonstrated to be the vector of the disease and confirmed to transmit the virus itself. As a result of the RRD epidemic in North America and its effects on the national production and consumer markets for roses, a research team comprising five major universities (Texas, Florida, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Delaware), a dozen growers and nurseries (all regions), six rose breeding programs (California, Wisconsin, Texas, and Pennsylvania), the major rose testing programs (Earth-Kind and AGRS), the major rose organization (American Rose Society), and the major trade organization AmericanHort has formed. This research project has been funded by the Specialty Crops Research Initiative through the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) with the short-term objective of improving and disseminating best management practices (BMPs) and the long-term goal of identifying additional sources of resistance and developing the genetic tools to quickly transfer resistance into the elite commercial rose germplasm.
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Zlesak, David C., Randy Nelson, Derald Harp, Barbara Villarreal, Nick Howell, Jason Griffin, Gaye Hammond e Steve George. "Performance of Landscape Roses Grown with Minimal Input in the North-central, Central, and South-central United States". HortTechnology 27, n.º 5 (outubro de 2017): 718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03681-17.
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Landscape roses (Rosa sp.) are popular flowering shrubs. Consumers are less willing or able to maintain landscape beds than in years past and require plants that are not only attractive, but well-adapted to regional climatic conditions, soil types, and disease and pest pressures. Marketing and distribution of rose cultivars occurs on a national level; therefore, it is difficult for U.S. consumers in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 to identify well-adapted, cold-hardy cultivars. Identifying suitable cultivars that have strong genetic resistance to pests and disease and that will tolerate temperature extremes without winter protection in the USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 3 to 5 is of tremendous value to consumers and retailers in northern states. Twenty landscape rose cultivars, primarily developed in north-central North America, were evaluated at five locations in the United States (three in the north-central United States, one in the central United States, and one in the south-central United States) using the low-input, multiyear Earth-Kind® methodology. Six roses had ≥75% plant survival at the end of the study and were in the top 50% of performers for overall mean horticultural rating at each of the three north-central U.S. sites: ‘Lena’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘Ole’, ‘Polar Joy’, ‘Sunrise Sunset’, and ‘Sven’. Five of these six roses met the same criteria at the central United States (exception ‘Lena’) and the south-central United States (exception ‘Polar Joy’) sites. Cultivar, rating time, and their interaction were highly significant, and block effects were not significant for horticultural rating for all single-site analyses of variance. Significant positive correlations were found between sites for flower number, flower diameter, and overall horticultural rating. Significant negative correlations were found between flower number and diameter within each site and also between black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) lesion size from a previous study and overall horticultural rating for three of the five sites. Cane survival ratings were not significantly correlated with overall horticultural rating, suggesting some cultivars can experience severe winter cane dieback, yet recover and perform well. Data from this study benefit multiple stakeholders, including nurseries, landscapers, and consumers, with evidence-based regional cultivar recommendations and breeders desiring to identify regionally adapted parents.
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Aegerter, B. J., J. J. Nuñez e R. M. Davis. "Detection and Management of Downy Mildew in Rose Rootstock". Plant Disease 86, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2002): 1363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.12.1363.
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A technique utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to investigate the occurrence and location of Peronospora sparsain dormant, woody rose tissues. PCR primers were designed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of the pathogen. Inhibition of the reaction by plant compounds was minimized by optimizing the reagents used in the extraction of DNA from roses and in the amplification reaction. The PCR assay was capable of detecting as little as 2 pg of DNA from P. sparsa against a background of 4 ng of DNA from rose cane cortex. With this method, DNA of P. sparsa was detected in the cortex of stem and root tissues of symptomatic plants. Pathogen DNA also was detected in the cortex of crown tissues of asymptomatic mother plants used as a source of propagation materials. Epifluorescent and differential interference contrast microscopy were used to confirm the presence of abundant hyphae and oospores within the stem cortex of infected canes. Preplant treatments of dormant rootstock cuttings in fungicides or hot water were evaluated during natural outbreaks of the disease in commercial rose nurseries. In three trials conducted over 2 years, a 10-min preplant dip in the systemic fungicides metalaxyl or mefenoxam at rates of 100 to 10,000 mg a.i./liter reduced the area under the disease progress curve by 63 to 76% relative to nontreated plots. The evidence from PCR assays, microscopy, and fungicide trials all support the occurrence of perennating infections of P. sparsa within rose. A technique utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to investigate the occurrence and location of Peronospora sparsain dormant, woody rose tissues. PCR primers were designed to amplify the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA of the pathogen. Inhibition of the reaction by plant compounds was minimized by optimizing the reagents used in the extraction of DNA from roses and in the amplification reaction. The PCR assay was capable of detecting as little as 2 pg of DNA from P. sparsa against a background of 4 ng of DNA from rose cane cortex. With this method, DNA of P. sparsa was detected in the cortex of stem and root tissues of symptomatic plants. Pathogen DNA also was detected in the cortex of crown tissues of asymptomatic mother plants used as a source of propagation materials. Epifluorescent and differential interference contrast microscopy were used to confirm the presence of abundant hyphae and oospores within the stem cortex of infected canes. Preplant treatments of dormant rootstock cuttings in fungicides or hot water were evaluated during natural outbreaks of the disease in commercial rose nurseries. In three trials conducted over 2 years, a 10-min preplant dip in the systemic fungicides metalaxyl or mefenoxam at rates of 100 to 10,000 mg a.i./liter reduced the area under the disease progress curve by 63 to 76% relative to nontreated plots. The evidence from PCR assays, microscopy, and fungicide trials all support the occurrence of perennating infections of P. sparsa within rose.
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Campbell, Benjamin L., e Charles R. Hall. "Effects of Pricing Influences and Selling Characteristics on Plant Sales in the Green Industry". HortScience 45, n.º 4 (abril de 2010): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.575.
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Data from the 2004 National Nursery Survey conducted by the USDA-CSREES S-1021 Multistate Research Committee (referred to as the Green Industry Research Consortium) were used to evaluate the effect of pricing influences and selling characteristics on total gross firm sales and gross sales of several plant categories (trees, roses, shrubs/azaleas, herbaceous perennials, bedding plants, foliage, and potted flowering plants) for commercial nurseries and greenhouses. As expected, the firm's selling characteristics play a large role in whether a firm sells a specific plant category. Demand factors also play a role in affecting plant category sales with income, population, and race tending to be the only significant variables, except for the potted flowering plants category. In regard to sales, our results show that certain factors affecting pricing decisions play a critical role in both plant category sales and total sales. Furthermore, demand and business characteristics play a limited role as well, but not as big a role as selling characteristics. Of note is that firms with an increased percentage of sales through wholesale channels (of most plant categories and overall) result in increased sales. By understanding the nursery and greenhouse industry environment and how decisions affect overall and categorical sales, firms can implement strategies that capitalize on factors that have the potential to generate increased sales.
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Jayaratna, Lal, Padmasiri Wanigasundera e Chelliah Sivayoganathan. "Effect of Information Sources and their Characteristics on Knowledge and Adoption of Cultural Practices of the Domestic Floriculture Growers in the Central Province of Sri Lanka". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, n.º 9 (7 de agosto de 2023): 794–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92105.
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Floriculture industry has become a high-income generating agribusiness today in Sri Lanka. It also brings a considerable amount of foreign exchange to the country annually, which is an important factor for the country’s economy. The climatic variation of the Central Province of Sri Lanka provides a suitable growing environment for different tropical and subtropical floriculture species. There are more than 700 floriculture nurseries in the province. They grow an array of popular floriculture varieties for the local market. The objectives of the research were to identify the information sources, their characteristics, and their effect on technical knowledge and adoption of grower’s cultural practices. Among the growers, 210 were randomly selected. A three-point scale was used to measure the levels of technical knowledge. Required primary data were collected through personal interviews with a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).
Anthuriums, Orchids, Roses, Foliage, and Mixed flowers were the main floricultural crops grown by the growers in the province. Different percentages of respondents grow different types of floricultural crops (53.8% to 63.3%). The numbers of respondents showed that one grower might grow more than one type of crop. Higher numbers of the growers grow anthuriums (68.5%), mixed flowers (63.3), and foliage (59.0). These floricultural crops have high demands in the local market as well as in the foreign market. Television was partly helpful for the growers (78.8%) as an information source.
The highest mean values of overall quality of information were for the information given by the botanic garden extension staff (16.45) and fellow growers (14.37). The majority of the respondents have received adequate (82%), fully trustworthy (84.1%), fully timely (73.4%), fully useful (81.7%) technical information from the Botanic Gardens extension staff. The fellow growers (43.1%) were also an important information source for the growers. Private companies (1.1%) and radio (1.1%) provided the least amount of information. The relationship between the overall technical knowledge and the overall information sources was significant (p value is 0.007). The relationship between the overall adoption and the overall information sources was also significant (p value is 0.007). Depending on the situation, different information sources provide the growers with trustworthy, useful and timely information. Growers receive quality information from the extension officers of the Department of National Botanic Gardens (DNBG) and the fellow growers. Therefore, it is recommended to provide necessary quality information to the growers through the DNBG.
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Heupel, Michelle R., Shiori Kanno, Ana P. B. Martins e Colin A. Simpfendorfer. "Advances in understanding the roles and benefits of nursery areas for elasmobranch populations". Marine and Freshwater Research 70, n.º 7 (2019): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18081.
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Nursery areas are critical to the survival of many marine species, and it is widely accepted that elasmobranch species use nursery areas where they improve species fitness. A 2007 review proposed an approach to identify elasmobranch nursery areas to help clarify their location and use. Here we examine progress towards defining elasmobranch nurseries in the intervening ≥10 years. Many studies have used these criteria, and some have tested their effectiveness, but it is apparent that there is still much to learn. Our current understanding of elasmobranch nurseries is biased towards tropical coastal shark species with few studies of temperate, pelagic, deep-water or batoid species. Recent research has used the criteria to more accurately identify nursery areas, determine that some species may not use them and, at times, improve conservation and management. Results are also revealing that some areas considered to be nurseries do not meet the criteria. Although we have learned a great deal about the location and use of elasmobranch nurseries, there are still several questions to be answered and species to be considered. Continued application of nursery criteria and improved knowledge of nursery areas will lead to improved conservation and management systems.
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Salamone, A., G. Scarito, A. Pane e S. O. Cacciola. "Root and Basal Stem Rot of Rose Caused by Phytophthora citrophthora in Italy". Plant Disease 95, n.º 3 (março de 2011): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0659.
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Approximately 800 ha of cut flower roses are cultivated for commercial production in Italy. During autumn of 2004 in an experimental greenhouse in western Sicily (southern Italy), 60% of 2-year-old plants of rose cv. Red France on Rosa indica cv. Major rootstock grown in soil showed leaf chlorosis and wilt. A dark brown lesion lined by a water-soaked area was noticeable at the stem base near the soil surface. Root rot was found consistently associated with aboveground symptoms and plants collapsed within 4 months after the appearance of the first symptoms. The same symptoms were observed sporadically on rose plants of the same cultivar during the last 6 years in commercial nurseries in western Sicily. In all cases, a Phytophthora species has been consistently isolated from rotted roots and stems on Phytophthora-selective media. Pure cultures were obtained by single-hypha transfers. The species was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora on the basis of morphological characters and electrophoretic analysis of mycelial proteins on polyacrylamide gel (1). On potato dextrose agar, isolates produced petaloid colonies with optimum growth temperature at 25°C. On V8 agar, mono- and occasionally bipapillate, ovoid to limoniform sporangia, measuring 44 to 55 × 27 to 28 μm, with a mean length/breadth ratio of 1.4:1 were produced. All isolates were heterothallic but did not produce gametangia in dual cultures with P. nicotianae isolates of A1 and A2 mating type. Electrophoretic patterns of total mycelial proteins and four isozyme (acid and alkaline phosphatases, esterase, and malato dehydrogenase) of the isolates from rose were identical to those of reference isolates of P. citrophthora, but clearly distinct from isolates of other heterothallic species with papillate sporangia, including P. capsici, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora, and P. tropicalis. All isolates from rose showed the same electrophoretic profiles. Blast search of rDNA-ITS sequence from PCR-amplified ITS4/ITS6 primers (2) of a representative isolate from rose (IMI 392044) showed 98% homology with a reference isolate of P. citrophthora (GenBank No. EU0000631), thus confirming the identification. Pathogenicity of isolate IMI 392044 was tested on 10 12-month-old plants of rose cv. Red France grafted on R. indica cv. Major transplanted in pots containing a mixture of sphagnum peat moss and sandy loam soil (1:1 vol/vol) infested with 80 g of inoculum per liter of mixture. Inoculum was produced by growing the isolate on wheat kernels. Plants transplanted in pots containing noninfested soil served as controls. Plants were kept in a greenhouse at 22 ± 3°C and watered to soil saturation once a week. Inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf chlorosis and root and crown rot within 15 to 30 days and wilted within 40 to 80 days after inoculation. Control plants remained healthy. P. citrophthora was consistently reisolated from inoculated plants. Root and basal stem rot of rose may be caused by several Phytophthora spp. and has been reported in various countries of Asia, Europe, and North America (3,4). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report in Italy. The occurrence of this disease may be attributed to excessive irrigation practices. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. EPPO Bull. 20:47, 1990. (2) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (3) Y. Nagai et al. Phytopathology 68:684, 1978. (4) B. W. Schwingle et al. Plant Dis. 91:97, 2007.
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Yasir, Lara B., e Bushra S. A. Almaliky. "INTEGRATED CONTROL OF ROOT ROT AND WILT DISEASE ON CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS USING BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL". Iraqi Journal of Market Research and Consumer Protection 15, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2023): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28936/jmracpc15.1.2023.(12).
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This study was conducted at the University of Baghdad, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/Department of Plant Protection for the period 2021-2022, with the aim of isolating and diagnosing the pathogens that cause root rot and wilt disease on Catharanthus roseus in different areas of Baghdad, and conducting an integrated control of the pathogen using biological and chemical control. The results of isolation and identification the presence of 4 types of fungi accompanying plants: Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti and Rhizoctonia solani in different nurseries in Baghdad regions, and the most frequent species were the species F. solani, F. equiseta (FeL1), The results of the antagonism test showed that the commercial preparation of Trichoderma harzianum had a high antagonistic ability against FeL1 on the PDA medium. The results also showed that the use of Beltanol at concentrations (50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000) mg/L led to a 100% inhibition of the growth FeL1 for concentrations, compared to the control treatment without fungicide on PDA in which the inhibition rate was 0.00%, and the use of Beltanol at a concentration of (50) mg/L did not have a significant effect on the T. harzianum with significant differences from the rest of the concentrations used in the test, as well as the results of the effect of the efficiency of the T. harzianum and the Beltanol alone and their interactions in combating the disease under the conditions of the greenhouse and the nursery showed that All treatments led to a decrease in the rate and severity of infection with the pathogenic F. equiseti and an increase in the fresh and dry weight of the vegetative and root total of seedlings of the dwarf variety.
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Frias-Torres, Sarah, e Casper van de Geer. "Testing animal-assisted cleaning prior to transplantation in coral reef restoration". PeerJ 3 (29 de setembro de 2015): e1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1287.
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Rearing coral fragments in nurseries and subsequent transplantation onto a degraded reef is a common approach for coral reef restoration. However, if barnacles and other biofouling organisms are not removed prior to transplantation, fish will dislodge newly cemented corals when feeding on biofouling organisms. This behavior can lead to an increase in diver time due to the need to reattach the corals. Thus, cleaning nurseries to remove biofouling organisms such as algae and invertebrates is necessary prior to transplantation, and this cleaning constitutes a significant time investment in a restoration project. We tested a novel biomimicry technique of animal-assisted cleaning on nursery corals prior to transplantation at a coral reef restoration site in Seychelles, Indian Ocean. To determine whether animal-assisted cleaning was possible, preliminary visual underwater surveys were performed to quantify the fish community at the study site. Then, cleaning stations consisting of nursery ropes carrying corals and biofouling organisms, set at 0.3 m, 2 m, 4 m, 6 m and 8 m from the seabed, were placed at both the transplantation (treatment) site and the nursery (control) site. Remote GoPro video cameras recorded fish feeding at the nursery ropes without human disturbance. A reef fish assemblage of 32 species from 4 trophic levels (18.8% herbivores, 18.8% omnivores, 59.3% secondary consumers and 3.1% carnivores) consumed 95% of the barnacles on the coral nursery ropes placed 0.3 m above the seabed. Using this cleaning station, we reduced coral dislodgement from 16% to zero. This cleaning station technique could be included as a step prior to coral transplantation worldwide on the basis of location-specific fish assemblages and during the early nursery phase of sexually produced juvenile corals.
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Pérez Silva, Erick Raymundo, César Cantú Ayala, José I. Uvalle Sauceda, Fernando González Saldívar e Edmar Meléndez Jaramillo. "Fenología reproductiva e insectos polinizadores de Thelocactus bicolor (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, en tres localidades de Nuevo León y San Luis Potosí, México". e-CUCBA 10, n.º 19 (22 de dezembro de 2022): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi19.263.
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The reproductive phenology of Thelocactusbicolor (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, in addition to monitoring the insects thatinteracted with the flowers of this plant, located in the Botanical Garden Efraím Hernández Xolocotzi located in Linares, NuevoLeón, and in two nurseries for rescued plants located in Guadalcázar, San Luis Potosí, was registered. The study was carried out in2020, selecting and marking ten individuals located in 1 m², to evaluate the presence of their phenological stages (immature flower,intermediate flower, mature flower, immature fruit, ripe fruit, fruit in dispersion) through fortnightly sampling for a year,registering the activity and time in which arthropods interacted with the flowers of this cactus. The cacti began flowering in themonths of January and February at the three study sites. The mature flower stage only appeared in the Guadalcázar localitiestherefore, no insects were captured at the site located in Nuevo León. The Jacard similarity index showed a 50% of similaritybetween the registered arthropods of the Guadalcázar sites
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Copes, Warren E., Xiao Yang e Chuanxue Hong. "Phytophthora Species Recovered From Irrigation Reservoirs in Mississippi and Alabama Nurseries and Pathogenicity of Three New Species". Plant Disease 99, n.º 10 (outubro de 2015): 1390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-11-14-1197-re.
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From a survey for Phytophthora spp. in containment basins at one nursery each in Alabama and Mississippi, eight species and one taxon were recovered, with Phytophthora gonapodyides dominant in cooler months and P. hydropathica in warmer months, accounting for 39.6 and 46.6% overall recovery, respectively. Among the recoveries were P. macilentosa, P. mississippiae, and P. stricta, three new species recently described from a small lake (labeled M4) that serves as a primary water source for irrigation and to feed another irrigation pond (M5) at the Mississippi nursery. Neither of ponds M4 and M5 directly receives runoff from any production area. The three new species were tested for pathogenicity with Catharanthus roseus, Gardenia jasminoides ‘August Beauty,’ Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Semmes Beauty,’ Ilex magland ‘Oakland,’ Pieris japonica ‘Mountain Snow,’ and Rhododendron × ‘Brandi Michele Raley.’ None of the three species infected any of the test plants or became established in peat or pine bark growing media. Based on the result of pathogenicity trials as well as the field observation that none of the nine Phytophthora taxa recovered from irrigation reservoirs have caused episodic disease in the nurseries, they appear to not present a high risk to ornamental plants at those nurseries.
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Roussos, Peter Anargyrou. "Adventitious Root Formation in Plants: The Implication of Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide". Antioxidants 12, n.º 4 (2 de abril de 2023): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12040862.
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Adventitious root formation is defined as the formation of new roots on above-ground plant parts and is considered crucial for the survival of a plant under harsh environmental conditions (i.e., flooding, salt stress, and other abiotic stresses) as well as in the nursery industry. Clonal propagation is based on the ability of a plant part to grow and generate a completely new plant, genetically identical to the mother plant, where the plant part came from. Nurseries exploit this potential by multiplying millions of new plants. Most nurseries use cuttings to achieve that, through the induction of adventitious root formation. Many factors have been implicated in the capacity of a cutting to root, with the major role being played by auxins. During the last few decades, intense interest has emerged in the role of other potential rooting co-factors, such as carbohydrates, phenolics, polyamines, and other plant growth regulators, as well as signal molecules, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Among the latter, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide have been found to play significant roles in adventitious root formation. Their production, action, and general implication in rhizogenesis are discussed in this review, in terms of interaction with other molecules and signaling.
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Lundgren, Erick J., Daniel Ramp, Juliet C. Stromberg, Jianguo Wu, Nathan C. Nieto, Martin Sluk, Karla T. Moeller e Arian D. Wallach. "Equids engineer desert water availability". Science 372, n.º 6541 (29 de abril de 2021): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd6775.
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Megafauna play important roles in the biosphere, yet little is known about how they shape dryland ecosystems. We report on an overlooked form of ecosystem engineering by donkeys and horses. In the deserts of North America, digging of ≤2-meter wells to groundwater by feral equids increased the density of water features, reduced distances between waters, and, at times, provided the only water present. Vertebrate richness and activity were higher at equid wells than at adjacent dry sites, and, by mimicking flood disturbance, equid wells became nurseries for riparian trees. Our results suggest that equids, even those that are introduced or feral, are able to buffer water availability, which may increase resilience to ongoing human-caused aridification.
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Ngwangkfu, Yolar, Fon Enwgali e Tohnain Lengha. "Oil palm production: Actors, roles and activities in the value chain". American Journal of Agriculture 3, n.º 1 (27 de julho de 2021): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/aja.751.
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Purpose: Oil palm is the highest oil producing plant, with an average yield of 3.5 tons of oil/ha/year. In 2006, palm oil became the world’s most important edible oil with 37 million tons produced, accounting for 25% of the total oils and fats production. The study on the Oil palm production: Actors, roles and activities was conducted in the Littoral region of Cameroon with the used of multi-stage sampling technique.
Methodology: The target population for this study were smallholder growers/processors and marketers involved in the oil palm value chain and the sample size was four hundred (400) assuming that the growers/processors and marketers in the Littoral region are more than 100000 distributed within two divisions. The study made used of primary and secondary data sources. The methods used for the study were interviews, focus group discussions, sources documents analysis and participatory observation. A simple descriptive statistical method was also used for the study.
Findings: Findings indicated that the main actors identified in the field were the input suppliers, nurseries, growers/processors, marketers and consumers.
Recommendation(s): The study therefore recommends that the state through the local authorities such as the council could set up fixed prices for oil palm products, create farm to markets roads, and provide farmers with quality seedlings and fertilizers. And also growers should constitute themselves in to common initiatives groups and cooperatives.
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Pratiwi, Aulia Kadri, Beby Masitho Batubara e Irwan Nasution. "Peranan Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan dalam Pengelolaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Di Kota Medan". Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik dan Pemerintahan (JIAPP) 1, n.º 1 (25 de janeiro de 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiaap.v1i1.773.
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Medan City is one of the most densely populated cities in Indonesia. The population that is increasing and densely causes a shortage of land. To meet the land needs, many land uses have been converted. One of the impacts of land use conversion is that there is no environmental balance between development and providing green open space. This study aims to determine the roles and obstacles of the Department of Hygiene and Gardening in managing green open spaces in Medan City. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods describing information about the data obtained from the field in the form of written or oral data from the parties studied. Data were collected based on interviews and documentation. The results of this study can be reviewed based on Hardjanto's theory, there are four points, namely: Equality (equality), Consensus Orientation (mutual agreement), Participation (participation), and Responsivenees (responsivity). Based on the research that has been carried out, it is concluded that the role of the Sanitation and Gardening Service in managing green open spaces in Medan City has three roles. First, the preparation of materials for the implementation of the assessment of park development, reforestation and nurseries. Second, the preparation of materials for the preparation of procedures, standards and criteria for the use and management of fields, green open spaces, recreational parks, sports fields, reforestation, urban forests and nurseries. Third, the preparation of materials for coordinating the needs of park, greening and nursery facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, the obstacles experienced consist of two obstac les. First, internal obstacles, namely the lack of land to build new public green open spaces, lack of supervision of the construction of private green open spaces, and the lack of socialization on the importance of planting trees. The second is the external obstacle, namely the lack of community participation in building a park or planting trees around the residence.
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Xie, Xingyu. "Sociological Analysis of the Conflict between Work and Family Roles in Dual-employee Families". Journal of Education and Educational Research 6, n.º 1 (21 de novembro de 2023): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v6i1.14175.
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The conflict between work and family roles in dual-career families has always been an important research topic in the field of sociology. This paper discusses the root causes, influencing factors and solutions of this problem from the perspective of sociology. It is found that social expectations and traditional gender role concepts play a key role in dual-employee families, which leads to the conflict between work and family roles. Society usually expects men to bear the economic responsibility, while women mainly bear the responsibility of family care, which often leads to the career development challenges of family members in dual-employee families. The division of labor planning within the family also has a significant impact on the conflict between work and family roles, which requires coordination and balance to ensure that housework and care responsibilities are reasonably shared. External support measures, such as nurseries, domestic nannies and domestic helpers, can reduce the burden of conflict between work and family roles. In addition, social policies, such as paid maternity leave, flexible working arrangements and nursery subsidies, can also alleviate this conflict to some extent. This study is helpful to better understand the conflict between work and family roles in dual-career families, and provides a useful reference for making more effective policies and family internal planning. The research in this field is still developing to cope with the changing social and family dynamics.
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Hatch, Julie. "The Role of the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner in the Community Hospital Level I Nursery". Neonatal Network 31, n.º 3 (2012): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.31.3.141.
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Neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) have played a significant role in providing medical coverage to many of the country’s Level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Extensive education and experience are required for a nurse practitioner (NP) to become competent in caring for these critically ill newborns. The NNP can take this competence and experience and expand her role out into the community Level I nurseries. Clinical care of the infants and close communication with parents, pediatricians, and the area tertiary center provide a community service with the goal of keeping parents and babies together in the community hospital without compromising the health of the baby. The NNP service, with 24-hour nursery and delivery coverage, supports an ongoing obstetric service to the community hospital. The NNP’s experience enables her to provide a neonatal service that encompasses a multitude of advanced practice nursing roles.
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Elvira-Recuenco, Margarita, Santa Olga Cacciola, Antonio V. Sanz-Ros, Matteo Garbelotto, Jaime Aguayo, Alejandro Solla, Martin Mullett et al. "Potential Interactions between Invasive Fusarium circinatum and Other Pine Pathogens in Europe". Forests 11, n.º 1 (18 de dezembro de 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010007.
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Pines are major components of native forests and plantations in Europe, where they have both economic significance and an important ecological role. Diseases of pines are mainly caused by fungal and oomycete pathogens, and can significantly reduce the survival, vigor, and yield of both individual trees and entire stands or plantations. Pine pitch canker (PPC), caused by Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), is among the most devastating pine diseases in the world, and is an example of an emergent invasive disease in Europe. The effects of microbial interactions on plant health, as well as the possible roles plant microbiomes may have in disease expression, have been the focus of several recent studies. Here, we describe the possible effects of co-infection with pathogenic fungi and oomycetes with F. circinatum on the health of pine seedlings and mature plants, in an attempt to expand our understanding of the role that biotic interactions may play in the future of PPC disease in European nurseries and forests. The available information on pine pathogens that are able to co-occur with F. circinatum in Europe is here reviewed and interpreted to theoretically predict the effects of such co-occurrences on pine survival, growth, and yield. Beside the awareness that F. circinatum may co-occurr on pines with other pathogens, an additional outcome from this review is an updating of the literature, including the so-called grey literature, to document the geographical distribution of the relevant pathogens and to facilitate differential diagnoses, particularly in nurseries, where some of them may cause symptoms similar to those induced by F. circinatum. An early and accurate diagnosis of F. circinatum, a pathogen that has been recently introduced and that is currently regulated in Europe, is essential to prevent its introduction and spread in plantings and forests.
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Melo, Bruno F., Yoshimi Sato, Fausto Foresti e Claudio Oliveira. "The roles of marginal lagoons in the maintenance of genetic diversity in the Brazilian migratory fishes Prochilodus argenteus and P. costatus". Neotropical Ichthyology 11, n.º 3 (setembro de 2013): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252013000300016.
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The rio São Francisco basin contains many endemic species, such as Prochilodus argenteus and P. costatus, which have great commercial importance. However, information about the main recruitment sites and genetic studies containing extensive sampling of these species are scarce. To investigate the roles of the marginal lagoons in the maintenance of genetic variability and in the population structure, we analyzed six microsatellite loci in nine sampling groups of P. argenteusand five sampling groups of P. costatus. Our results showed high levels of genetic variability and low values of genetic differentiation for P. argenteus (FST =0.008, P< 0.05) and for P. costatus(FST =0.031, P < 0.05). In addition, high values of gene flow combined with a small genetic distance suggest the presence of a single population for each species in the middle rio São Francisco basin. Moreover, putative migration routes involving marginal lagoons during the reproductive season could be detected, confirming the importance of these nurseries in the lifecycle of these species. Our results also indicate the necessity of adequate management of the fish resources and the conservation of the floodplains in the rio São Francisco basin.
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ÚRBEZ-TORRES, José Ramón, Julie BOULÉ, Jared HRYCAN e Daniel T. O'GORMAN. "Potential role of Fusarium spp. in grapevine decline". Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, n.º 2 (15 de setembro de 2023): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-14679.
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Despite studies associating Fusarium spp. with grapevine decline since late 1970s, no consensus has been reached regarding the roles these fungi play in grapevine health. Recent studies in British Columbia, Canada, assessed prevalence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in young and mature vineyards, and the presence of GTD fungi in ready-to-plant nursery material sold in Canada. This study characterized the Fusarium spp. isolated from grapevines in BC by sequencing part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1) gene, and carried out pathogenicity studies to determine whether Fusarium plays a role in grapevine decline. Fusarium spp. were isolated from 9.8% of samples collected from young vines (≤ 8-year-old), and 7.3% from mature vines (> 8-year-old), showing decline symptoms in commercial vineyards. Fusarium was also isolated from 43.9% of ready-to-plant dormant grapevines analyzed from four nurseries. Fusarium incidence varied between plants within the same nursery and between plants from the different nurseries. DNA sequences of TEF1 allowed identification of Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. ramigenum, and a Fusarium sp. Pathogenicity studies were conducted in 1-year-old dormant rooted ‘Chardonnay’ plants grafted onto ‘3309C’ rootstock, and treatments included: i) whole plant, ii) trimming of roots, iii) cut at rootstock basal ends, and iv) trimming of roots plus cut at rootstock basal ends. Plants were inoculated using standardized methods, and were then planted in a greenhouse. Fusarium was compared with Dactylonectria macrodidyma, D. pauciseptata and Ilyonectria liriodendri used as positive controls. The Fusarium spp. caused necroses in rootstock roots and basal ends that were similar to those caused by black-foot fungi. Fusarium spp. and black-foot fungi reduced root and shoot dry weights when compared with non-inoculated controls, but no statistically significant differences were recorded for most treatments. This study is the first in Canada to identify Fusarium spp. from grapevines. Though Fusarium was common in these grapevines, pathogenicity tests suggest that the identified Fusarium spp. were weakly pathogenic to ‘3309C’ rootstock grapevines.
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Won, Sang-Jae, Vantha Choub, Jun-Hyeok Kwon, Dong-Hyun Kim e Young-Sang Ahn. "The Control of Fusarium Root Rot and Development of Coastal Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Seedlings in a Container Nursery by Use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48". Forests 10, n.º 1 (22 de dezembro de 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010006.
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This study investigated the control of Fusarium root rot and development of coastal pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings in a container nursery by using Bacillus licheniformis MH48. High-quality seedlings without infectious diseases cause vigorous growth. Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is responsible for serious damage to coastal pine seedlings in nurseries. B. licheniformis MH48 produced enzymes that degraded the fungal cell walls, such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase. These lytic enzymes exhibited destructive activity toward F. oxysporum hyphae, which were found to play key roles in the suppression of root rot. In addition, B. licheniformis MH48 increased the nitrogen and phosphorus in soils via fixed atmospheric nitrogen and solubilized inorganic phosphate. B. licheniformis MH48 produced the phytohormone auxin, which stimulated seedling root development, resulting in increased nutrient uptake in seedlings. Both the bacterial inoculation and the chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased seedling growth and biomass, and the bacterial inoculation had a greater effect on seedling development. Based on the results from this study, B. licheniformis MH48 showed potential as a biological agent against Fusarium root rot and as a promoter of growth and development of Pinus thunbergii seedlings.
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McGrath, Darby, Ryan Plummer e Amy Bowen. "Cultivating our urban forest future: a value-chain perspective". FACETS 6 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 2084–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0076.
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For cities to grow their urban forest canopy the formula appears rather straightforward: the right trees, plus the right conditions, plus the right care equals success. These simplified “tree chain of custody” steps, however, represent activities within a complex value-chain in Canada. Given that there is heightened demand for urban tree planting as natural climate solutions become the norm, how can we prepare the value-chain to meet these demands? To answer this question, we outline the pathways by which trees presently go from nurseries into urban and peri-urban areas. Delineating the actors, roles, and present barriers to success exposes the complexity of the process and relationships in the value-chain, as there are distinct phases with multiple actor groups involved who influence, and are influenced, by one another. We explore the issues that pose prominent challenges to, as well as opportunities for, the value-chain. Emergent themes include communication, forecasting demand and timing, underpricing and undervaluing tree establishment, lack of awareness on the importance of soils, juvenile tree health, species selection, and gaps in evidence-based decision support tools. The touchstones of science and innovation, collaboration, and knowledge mobilization are pertinent for the value-chain in Canada to draw upon to navigate the future.
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Davydenko, Kateryna. "Evaluation of fungal endophytes to biological control of Dothistroma needle blight on Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Crimean pine)". Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, n.º 19 (26 de dezembro de 2019): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/411924.
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Dothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini, is the most important forest disease of pine in many countries. This disease has recently emerged in Ukraine as a major threat to mostly Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana and less to Scots pine. There is increasing evidence that some fungal and bacterial isolates can reduce the growth and pathogenicity of fungal plant pathogens.
In this research, infected needles were collected from 30-year-old Crimean pine (P. nigra subsp. pallasiana) in four locations in Southern Ukraine. In total, 244 of endophytic fungi were recovered from needles of Crimean pine during summer sampling of the host’s microbiome in Ukraine in 2012-2014.
Dothistroma spp. were detected using fungal isolation and species-specific priming PCR techniques.
Among all endophytes, eight fungal species were selected based on the commonness of their occurrence in the foliage of the host and their antagonistic activity. All selected species were tested for their antifungal activity against Dothistroma needle blight. Good antifungal activity against Dothistroma pini was achieved with the Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, indicating their good potential possibility in preventing the Dothistroma needle blight on young pines. Moreover, the significant reduction in numbers of conidia and spore germination was found on needles treated with Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium rosea, compared to conidia numbers following treatment with other fungi. Thus, the use of an effective biological control agent against Dothistroma could be of value in forest nurseries, where it is essential to reduce losses to D. pini infection prior to transferring pines to field sites for planting out.
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Baysal-Gurel, Fulya, Ravi Bika, Terri Simmons e Farhat Avin. "Identification and Management of Phytophthora Aerial Blight Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae on Catharanthus roseus". Plant Disease 106, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2022): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1342-re.
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Phytophthora nicotianae is the most common pathogen in nurseries and gardens, infecting both woody and herbaceous ornamental plants. Phytophthora aerial blight symptoms such dull water-soaked lesions on shoot tips and leaf petioles, girdling on the main stem, necrosis, and wilting of annual vinca were observed in a commercial greenhouse in Warren County, TN, U.S.A., in May 2016. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of Phytophthora aerial blight and develop a fungicide management recommendation for ornamental producers. Attempts to isolate the pathogen from symptomatic leaf tissue were conducted, and excised leaf pieces were embedded in V8 agar medium. Morphological characterization, PCR, sequencing, and pathogenicity test of the isolate FBG2016_444 were conducted to confirm the pathogen identification. The sequence identity was 100% identical to P. nicotianae, and a combined phylogenetic tree (internal transcribed spacer, large subunit of rDNA, and ras-related protein gene) grouped isolate FBG2016_444 within the clade of P. nicotianae. In the pathogenicity study, all inoculated annual vinca plant showed Phytophthora aerial blight symptoms, and P. nicotianae was reisolated, whereas noninoculated annual vinca plant remained symptomless. These findings confirmed P. nicotianae as the causal agent of Phytophthora aerial blight of annual vinca. In addition, two rates (0.078 and 0.156 ml·liter–1) and three application intervals (7, 14, and 21 days before inoculation [DBI]) of oxathiapiprolin (Segovis) were evaluated for their ability to reduce the Phytophthora aerial blight severity on annual vinca plants. The control groups were positive (nontreated inoculated) and negative (nontreated noninoculated) plants. Both rates and application timings of oxathiapiprolin significantly reduced Phytophthora aerial blight severity and disease progress (area under disease progress curve [AUDPC]) on annual vinca plants compared with the positive control. However, 0.078 and 0.156 ml·liter–1 of oxathiapiprolin applied at 7 or 14 DBI were the most effective treatments in reducing the disease severity and AUDPC on annual vinca plants. The plant growth parameters such as increase in height and width, total plant weight, and root weight were not influenced by the application of oxathiapiprolin. The findings reported in this study will help ornamental producers with better management of Phytophthora aerial blight of annual vinca.
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Prisilia, Sania, Wahyu Adi e Arief Febrianto. "STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN PADA EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI PANTAI PUDING KABUPATEN BANGKA SELATAN". Akuatik: Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan 12, n.º 2 (15 de novembro de 2018): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/akuatik.v12i2.699.
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Seagrass beds have a variety of roles in fish life, which can be used as nurseries, as a place for feeding ground, and for areas to seek protection. This study aims to analyze the structure of fish communities and seagrass communities and analyze the relationship of fish abundance with seagrass ecosystems. This research was conducted in March 2018 on the beach of Puding Air Banten II, Pasir Putih Village, Tukak Sadai District, Bangka Selatan Regency. Line transect method for seagrass data collection and fish data retrieval using fixed gill nets (gill net). The results of the study found that the total number of individual fish as much as 409 ind / m2 consisted of 25 species. The highest abundance of fish found in Station I with Ambassis interrupta species as many as 241 ind / m2. There were six types of seagrass found on the coast of Puding, namely Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halodule uninervis, Halophila spinulosa, Halophila decipiens and Cymodocea serrulata. The highest seagrass density was found at Station I with the seagrass Halodule uninervis species of 2541 ind / m2. Correlation coefficient analysis shows that the abundance of fish with seagrass density has a significant value of 0.956 which is classified as having a very strong relationship. Fish have higher abundance with seagrass meadows which vegetate with mangroves
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Franconi, Andrea, e Kamila Naumowicz. "Remote Work During COVID-19 Pandemic and the Right to Disconnect – Implications for Women´s Incorporation in the Digital World of Work". Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej 19, n.º 2 (24 de junho de 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2021.19.09.
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Access is a key foundation to achieve digital inclusion, however, in many countries, including G20 economies, structural inequalities such as those in income, education and employment opportunities increase barriers to technology access and use, which women are likely to experience more severely.
When promoting policies to facilitate the participation of women in the paid economy, flexible working (including teleworking), is often promoted as a solution. However, studies in several countries show that the digital world of work could further cement traditional gender roles.
The digital gender divide has been recognized as a challenge to achieve gender equality for women, particularly as the 4th Industrial Revolution continues to increase the pace of change of information and communication technologies.
As societies become increasingly dependent on digital technology, women are at risk of losing out on the positive promise of full participation in digital economies.
Reports around the world are showing that during COVID-19 crisis, inequalities are being exacerbated, and so across the world, women are being affected more severely by the socioeconomic impacts of this Pandemic.
Many women are juggling an increase in unpaid care work while also contending with paid work, now in a new form: the Digital World of Work, Teleworking and its implications. The pressure of balancing work and family life is taking a severe toll on women’s well-being.
Before the pandemic of COVID-19, women globally did nearly three times as much unpaid care and domestic work as men. But after the Pandemic, the care work at home has really grown exponentially. Besides the direct impacts of the pandemic, the response is also exacerbating inequalities. In particular, the closure of schools and nurseries has revealed the fragility of women’s participation in the paid economy. The school closures and household isolation are moving the work of caring for children from the paid economy ‒ nurseries, schools, babysitters ‒ to the unpaid one.
This really underpins so many of the inequalities that women experience. While both women and men are suffering the economic fallout of the virus across the world, it is women who are being disproportionately more constricted by it.
The right to disconnect, is design to establish boundaries around the use of electronic communication after working hours and to provide employees with the right to not engage in any work-related activities at home. It is often looked upon as an individual right of the employee to not only disconnect but also to not be reprimanded for failing to connect – or rewarded for constantly staying connected.
Because of social and cultural roles and stereotypes, women have more responsibility for their families and homes than men, and may not be able to stay connected after the formal working day ends even if they wanted to. This is particularly the case for single mothers, for whom a right to disconnect could have a proportionally larger positive impact than for other employees.
We intend to analyze how the structural and sociological phenomenon, that women experience, articulates with the Digital World of Work and the Right to Disconnect, paying special attention to family work balance and fair family responsibilities distribution.
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Alvarez-Rodriguez, B., J. A. Ortiz-Meza, I. Rojo-Baez, I. Marquez-Zequera, R. S. Garcia-Estrada, J. A. Carrillo-Fasio e R. Allende-Molar. "First Report of Vinca Blight Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Northwestern Mexico". Plant Disease 97, n.º 9 (setembro de 2013): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0400-pdn.
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Vinca (Catharantus roseus (L.) G. Don) is a common ornamental landscape plant. From July to September 2012, blighted and wilted vinca plants were found in retail stores, commercial nurseries, and urban landscape areas of Culiacan, Sinaloa, in northwestern Mexico. In several commercial nurseries and a retail store, incidence of the unknown disease on vinca plants ranged from 20 to 50%, resulting in significant economic losses. Symptoms of the disease started with a foliar blight, and if warm and wet conditions were present, the disease progressed, causing plant wilting and death. Surface-sterilized (0.5% NaOCl 1 min) diseased plant tissue was plated on V8 agar medium, and after 72 h of incubation at 25°C, white colonies of coenocytic mycelium were developed from the plated tissues. Isolates produced cottony colonies on V8 agar medium, grew well between 7 and 30°C (optimum of 25°C), and produced spherical, intercalary, and terminal chlamydospores (17 to 30 μm) and non caducous, papillate, spherical to ovoid sporangia of 30 to 39 × 21 to 31 μm. Based on these morphological characteristics, Phytophthora isolates were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (1,3). The identity of two representative isolates OV4 and OV11 was confirmed by sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS; GenBank Accession Nos. KC248202 and KC248201), and of the β-tubulin (β-tub; KC248404 and KC248403) and translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α; KC248206 and KC248205) genes. Comparative sequence analysis against the NCBI nucleotide database showed a high degree of identity with reference sequences of P. nicotianae (ITS, 99%; β-tub, 99%; EF1-α, 100%) (2). A pathogenicity test with a representative isolate of P. nicotianae was performed on 10-week-old healthy vinca seedlings (n = 10). An aliquot of 10 ml of a zoosporic suspension (104 zoospores/ml) was sprayed onto the seedlings' leaves. An equal number of non-inoculated control seedlings were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Seedlings were maintained in a moist chamber at 25°C with 80 to 90% relative humidity and watered as needed with sterile water. Inoculated plants showed initial symptoms of foliar blight after 4 days, whereas control plants remained healthy. Ten days after inoculation, inoculated plants showed severe wilting. P. nicotianae was reisolated only from inoculated plants, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. nicotianae attacking annual vinca in northwestern Mexico. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (2) L. P. Kroon et al. Fungal Genet Biol. 41:766, 2004. (3) F. N. Martin et al. Plant Dis. 96:1080, 2013.
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Semlali, Salma, e Abderrahman Hassi. "Work–life balance: how can we help women IT professionals in Morocco?" Journal of Global Responsibility 7, n.º 2 (12 de setembro de 2016): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-07-2016-0017.
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Purpose The present study aims to understand how Moroccan women working in information technology (IT) perceive the roles they fulfill in both their private and professional lives and assess their Work–life balance (WLB). Design/methodology/approach Existing research about WLB in Morocco focuses mainly on the public sector. As the present study is the first of its kind to deal with the private sector and more specifically IT, it is exploratory in nature while adopting a qualitative methodology. Twenty Moroccan women working in IT companies in the city of Casablanca were interviewed. Collected data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Findings It emerged from the data analysis that adhering to the cultural assumption of being the pillar of the household and to the culture of respondents’ organizations seems to be a key factor in employee WLB. Three main recommendations stemmed from the current research, namely, increased maternity leave duration, workplace nurseries and telework, may help IT female employees improve their WLB and well-being. Research limitations/implications First, the study participants were selected by one individual, which may create a “sampling bias”, where one specific profile of IT specialist could be selected. Second, only IT workers took part in the study and no IT employers were interviewed, which may yield having only “one side of the story”. Practical implications The results that emerged from the current study, particularly the three main recommendations made by the 20 interviewees (increase of maternity leave duration, workplace nurseries and telework) may be used by different IT companies in the hopes of improving female employees’ WLB and well-being. Overall, employers ought to put in place measures and accommodate employees to help them reconcile their work and personal life commitments. Social implications It has been documented that lack of WLB can result in increased stress, deleterious effects on psychological and physical well-being and increased family and marital tensions (Burchell et al., 2001; Lewis and Cooper, 1999; Scase and Scales, 1998). Therefore, various stakeholders, in addition to employers, such as the government and IT employees’ families should work collaboratively to implement meaningful WLB arrangements and, in turn, prevent the negative effects of work–life imbalance through, among others, government policy interventions. Originality/value The present study is the first of its kind that looked into the perception of WLB among Moroccan women operating in the IT industry. It offers valuable insights about how to assist female Moroccan IT workers to reconcile their work and personal life commitments.
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Shalaby, Tarek A., Naglaa A. Taha, Dalia I. Taher, Metwaly M. Metwaly, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Adel A. Rezk, Sherif M. El-Ganainy, Wael F. Shehata, Hassan R. El-Ramady e Yousry A. Bayoumi. "Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives". Plants 11, n.º 3 (4 de fevereiro de 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425.
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The production and quality of tomato seedlings needs many growth factors and production requirements besides controlling the phytopathogens. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has benefit applications in improving crop productivity under biotic stress (Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in tomatoes). In the current study, the foliar application of PBZ, at rates of 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1, was evaluated against early blight disease in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. The roles of PBZ to extend tomato seedling lives and handling in nurseries were also investigated by measuring different the biochemical (leaf enzymes, including catalase and peroxidase) and histological attributes of tomato seedlings. Disease assessment confirmed that PBZ enhanced the quality of tomato seedlings and induced resistance to early blight disease post inoculation, at 7, 14, and 21 days. Higher values in chlorophyll content, enzyme activities, and anatomical features of stem (cuticle thickness) and stomata (numbers and thickness) were recorded, due to applied PBZ. This may support the delay of the transplanting of tomato seedlings without damage. The reason for this extending tomato seedling life may be due to the role of PBZ treatment in producing seedlings to be greener, more compact, and have a better root system. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that PBZ has a distinguished impact in ameliorating biotic stress, especially of the early blight disease under greenhouse conditions. Further studies, which consider molecular variables, will be conducted to explore the role of PBZ in more detail.
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Reyes-Reyes, Jorge, Juan Alberto Rodríguez-Morales, Dorian de Jesús Pimienta de la Torre, Mario Alonso Fuentes Pérez, Juan Francisco Aguirre Medina e Agustín Merino García. "Diagnóstico de la calidad de planta en el vivero forestal El Campanario, Tuxtla Chico, Chiapas". e-CUCBA 9, n.º 17 (29 de dezembro de 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi17.207.
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Quality plant production in forest nurseries guarantees success in the establishment of commercial forest plantations andreforestation programs. Seedling quality refers to the appropriate morphological and physiological characteristics of plants tosurvive and grow satisfactorily under the environmental and ecological conditions of the place where they will be planted. Theobjective of this work was to know and describe the main cultural practices and evaluate the quality parameters of plants ofPrimavera (Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose), Roble (Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.) and Cedro (Cedrela odorata L.) that are producedfor marketing purposes in the El Campanario forest nursery located in the First Section of Izapa, municipality of Tuxtla Chico,Chiapas. The variables evaluated were total height, stem diameter, total biomass, as well as the shoot- root ratio, the sturdinessquotient, lignification index and Dickson quality index. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and compared with the results of other studies carried out in Mexico. From the results obtained, it is established that the cultural practices that are appliedin the nursery are adequate, which allows obtaining plants of good quality forest species. In terms of height and diameter, the threeforest species are within the established range to be planted in the field. Budget constraints make it difficult to increaseproductivity, but without a doubt, having the economic resources on time and sufficient for the sales of the plants on time, willallow better planning of the different activities and avoid delays in production.
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Tanita, I., EB Hirohavi, BA Diau, K. Masaki, T. Komatsu e C. Ramofafia. "Macro- and microhabitat use patterns of holothurians in Buena Vista, Nggela, Solomon Islands: rock climber and bottom crawler species". Marine Ecology Progress Series 687 (7 de abril de 2022): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps14008.
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Densities and habitat use patterns of holothurians, including nocturnal species, were assessed in Buena Vista, Nggela, Solomon Islands, for community-based resource management. Nighttime snorkeling surveys were conducted along transects (maximum 1.6 km) with 3 to 5 searchers in nearshore, channel, and outer reef macrohabitats. Only the population in the seagrass macrohabitat was separately assessed in 30 m line transects during the daytime. Microhabitats were clearly separated between species living on 3-dimensional structures (e.g. surfaces of knolls and reef slopes; rock climber group) and those on flat bottoms (bottom crawler group), although they coexisted at macrohabitat scales. Potential shelters adjacent to each individual differed between the 2 groups. Among bottom crawler species, Bohadschia koellikeri, which was recently taxonomically divided from B. vitiensis, occupied macrohabitats intermediately ranging between those of B. argus in the channel and outer reef macrohabitats and those of B. vitiensis and B. marmorata in the nearshore and seagrass macrohabitats. The high-density population was observed in the seagrass macrohabitat, mainly composed of Holothuria scabra, B. marmorata, and H. fuscogilva, although most individuals of these species were smaller than the national legal size limits. Moreover, the body lengths of H. atra and H. fuscogilva increased from the seagrass macrohabitat to the outer reef macrohabitat, implying their migration during growth and the roles of seagrass areas as nurseries. These results revealed diversity of macro- and microhabitat use patterns among species and their growth stages and highlight the importance of considering these factors for conserving diverse species by areal-based protection measures.
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S. T, Kariuki,, Kinuthia, N. L, Mathooko, M. J e Mucheke, W. "Effect of Fertilizer Application on Production of Triumfetta Tomentosa Boj.(Fam. Tiliaceae), A Multipurpose Plant in Kenya". International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, n.º 7 (26 de julho de 2020): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul138.
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Triumfetta tomentosa Boj. is a n indigenous perennial low shrub found growing naturally in moist habitats. It is commonly found on forest margins and along riparian zones. It is a multipurpose plant exploited by many communities in Kenya as a source of fodder, fiber for making baskets, ropes and hats, while the remaining debarked wood is used for making winnowing trays and firewood. However, as the population increases, more land is being converted into agricultural farms and settlement sites. These development activities coupled with global warming effects due to increasing green house gasses in the atmosphere are threatening the abundance and distribution of this species. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of fertilizer application on biomass of T. tomentosa, if brought under cultivation like any other crop. Seedlings were raised in nurseries from seeds and cuttings at Muguga( Kenya Forest Research Institute-KEFRI). These seedlings were transplanted to the experimental sites in Embu and Meru on eastern slopes of Mt. Kenya. Random Block Design was used at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and 45 cm × 45 cm in 3 replicates for each planting material. All plants were harvested after 7 months and above ground biomass was determined in terms of fresh weight in tones/ha. Analysis of variance was used to compare the biomass among different treatments. The results showed significant increase in biomass (p ≤ 0.05) of fertilizer application on T. triumfetta cultivation. Plants raised from cuttings grew faster than those raised from seeds and had more biomass. This study showed that T. tomentosa can be brought under cultivation like any other crop and its productivity can be improved through fertilizer application. This will help in its conservation as it is threatened in the wild
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Holcomb, G. E., e M. C. Aime. "First Report of Plumeria spp. Rust Caused by Coleosporium plumeriae in Louisiana and Malaysia and Catheranthus roseus, a New Host of this Rust". Plant Disease 94, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2010): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-2-0272c.
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Plumeria spp., native to tropical America, are popular small trees grown widely in tropical areas of the world and as potted plants elsewhere. P. rubra and P. obtusa cultivars and hybrids are most common. A rust disease of a Plumeria sp. (likely P. rubra based on pointed leaf tips, leaves more than 18 cm (7 inches) long, and high rust susceptibility) was observed in November 2008 and again in June 2009 on homeowner plants in Baton Rouge, LA. A survey of five Baton Rouge retail nurseries in September 2009 revealed that 87% (90 of 103) of the plumeria plants were heavily infected with rust. Early symptoms included numerous 1-mm chlorotic spots on adaxial leaf surfaces followed by leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and abscission. Uredinia were numerous, mostly hypophyllous and yellowish orange. Urediniospores were catenulate, orange en masse, verrucose, globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal or angular, and measured 21.8 to 41.9 × 16.4 to 32.8 μm (average 29.4 × 22.6 μm). The rust was identified as Coleosporium plumeriae Pat. (= C. plumierae) (3). Teliospores were not found during this study. Pathogenicity tests were performed by spraying urediniospores (20,000/ml of deionized water) on three healthy Thai hybrid plumeria plants. Five leaves of each plant were misted with water and covered with plastic bags and three to five leaves were inoculated. Plants were held at 27°C for 27 h in a dew chamber and then moved outdoors. Typical rust symptoms and uredinia with urediniospores developed in 10 days on all inoculated leaves while noninoculated leaves remained healthy. Characteristics and spore measurements matched those of the rust from original infected plants. Additional plumeria rust inoculations were made to other Apocynaceae family members that included Allamanda cathartica, Catheranthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), Mandevilla splendens, Nerium oleander, and Vinca major. Catheranthus roseus was very susceptible to C. plumeriae with chlorotic leaf spots developing on the six inoculated plants after 8 days and uredinia with urediniospores appearing after 11 days. None of the other plant genera were susceptible to the rust. Plumeria rust was also observed on plumeria trees in urban landscapes in peninsular (Penang) and Bornean (Kota Kinabalu, Sabah) Malaysia in December 2007. To confirm identity, ~1,000 bp of nuclear rDNA 28S subunit from each (Lousiana, Penang, and Kota Kinabalu) was sequenced with rust-specific primers (1) and shared 100% identity (GenBank No. GU145555-6). Plumeria rust was first found on the island of Guadeloupe (3) and then spread to Central and South America. It has been known from Florida since 1960 under the synonym C. domingense (2), but has not been reported elsewhere in the continental United States. In more recent years, plumeria rust has spread to Hawaii, many Pacific islands, India, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Australia, and Nigeria (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of plumeria rust from Louisiana and Malaysia and of susceptibility of another member of the Apocynaceae, Madagascar periwinkle, to C. plumeriae. Voucher material from Louisiana and Malaysia has been deposited in the Mycology Herbarium of Louisiana State University (LSUM). References: (1) M. C. Aime. Mycoscience 47:112, 2006. (2) Anonymous. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handb. No. 165. Washington, D.C., 1960. (3) N. Patouillard. Bull. Soc. Mycol. Fr. 18:171, 1902. (4) C. To-Anun et al. Nat. Hist. J. Chulalongkorn Univ. 4:41, 2004.
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Al-Doory, Awfa Hussein, Intisar Rasheed Khalil e Marwa Sami Hussein. "Between Being and Becoming: A Gynocritical Reading of Selected Narratives". Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 26, n.º 8 (20 de outubro de 2019): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.26.8.2019.19.
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Feminism since its emergence is based, in essence, on the principle of equality not only between men and woman, but even between women themselves. As such, feminism is concerned with how women are engaged in the process of being and becoming—a process that diminishes labeling womenfolk as the "Inferior Other Sex". The study argues that narratives written by feminist writers like Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Virginia Woolf, and Kate Chopin are Gynocritical feminists writing back to an androcentric culture and the patriarical system whose sole aim is to silence women , treat them as an inferior sex, and confine them to the roles of nursering and nurturing. The following study reflects on a literary mosaic composed of denouncing voices that provide more insights into the nature of women's existence. Elucidated under the umbrella of feminism, the examined narratives, namely The Yellow Wallpaper, The New Dress, and A Story of an Hour, shed the light on different aspects related to women's being and becoming including hysteria, the objectified angel, the invisible being, women's authentication, and so on. The study draws heavily on feminist critics who present different discussions about masculine subjugation of women and feminist's avenue towards self-actualization. The study falls into four sections and a conclusion. Section one is an introduction illustrating the core of feminism with reference to its main concepts. Section two tackles the concept of hysteria as it is represented in Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper". Section three examines Kate Chopin's "A Story of an Hour" through the lenses of Simon de Beauvoir's existentialist perspectives. Section four reflects on Virginia Woolf's treatment of women's attempts to transcend passivity as it is represented in "The New Dress". The Conclusion highlights the findings of the study.
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JHT, Admin. "MANGROVE FOREST IN KUDAT, SABAH MALAYSIA: CHALLENGES OF THE MANGROVE CONSERVATION (Hutan Mangrove di Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia: Tantangan dalam Konservasi Mangrove)". HUTAN TROPIKA 12, n.º 2 (29 de agosto de 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v12i2.26.
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ABSTRACT Kudat is located in the North part of the island of Borneo, with land area of 1,287.2 km2 or 130,787 ha. Out of the overall total area, 25% or 33,307 ha of area are gazetted under Forest Reserve. Most of the Kudat coastline area is patches of mangrove forest. A total of 19,507 hectares of the total mangroves in the Kudat district have been gazetted as permanent forest reserve under class-V Mangrove Forest Reserve. Mangroves play many important functions such as physical protection to the coastline, important breeding ground of marine life and nurseries, source of socio-economy activity to the local people, natural habitat for the living organisms, home to wide range of flora and fauna. Another function is they provide opportunities for the development for eco-tourism. Some locations in Kudat, which are of high potential for tourism development, are Kg. Sikuati, Simpang Mangayau, Sg. Ranggu, Pulau Banggi, Pulau Malawali and Pulau Balembangan. In 2005, about 2,440 ha or 0.8% of the Mangrove forest reserve in Sabah has been lost mainly due to land conversion for people’s settlement. As for Kudat, exploited area recorded are as follow; settlement/urban development (500 ha), aquaculture (15 ha), agriculture and infrastructure (13 ha) - power supply way leave, pipeline, and common tower. Illegal squatters involved about 2 ha and land use conflict of mangrove forest reserve in Kudat were lost to agricultural conversion due to uncoordinated and technical discrepancies of boundaries on the ground. Some challenges in mangrove conservation are, currently there is no management plan prepared for the management of mangroves in Kudat. The management of mangrove area thus far is focusing on protecting the gazetted area under permanent forest reserve under Class V – mangrove forest, gradually by the forest district. Apart from mangroves in PFR, there are also some scattered Stateland mangroves which are not quantified, monitored and protected under any legislation. Considering their locations, roles and functions, steps must be taken to gazette existing mangroves inside estuaries and lagoons as Permanent Forest Reserve (PFR). The apparent of boundaries between state land and Mangrove Forest on the ground are vital to be carried out by the authority. Important effort to better manage the Kudat mangroves is carrying out nourishment and planting activities in existing mangroves. Other challenges are to involve the local communities to conserve mangroves areas, especially thus living nearby the mangrove forest. This paper highlights the status of mangrove, to emphasize the important function of mangrove, and to distinguish the threat and challenge of mangrove conservation in Kudat district.
Keywords: Mangrove forest, status and function, threat and challenges, conservation, Kudat.
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Mollov, D., M. A. Guaragna, B. Lockhart, J. A. M. Rezende e R. Jordan. "First Report of Catharanthus mosaic virus in Mandevilla in the United States". Plant Disease 99, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0913-pdn.
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Mandevilla (Apocynaceae) is an ornamental tropical vine popular for its bright and attractive flowers. During 2012 to 2013, 12 Mandevilla sp. samples from Minnesota and Florida nurseries were submitted for analysis at the University of Minnesota Plant Disease Clinic. Plants showed mosaic symptoms, leaf deformation, premature leaf senescence, and vine dieback. Filamentous virus particles with modal lengths 700 to 900 nm were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in partially purified preparations from symptomatic leaves. Partially purified virions were obtained using 30% sucrose cushion centrifuged at 109,000 gmax for 2 h at 10°C (5). No other virus particles were observed in these samples, nor were any observed in non-symptomatic samples. One sample was submitted as potted plant (Mandevilla ‘Sunmandeho’ Sun Parasol Giant White) and was kept under greenhouse conditions for subsequent analyses. Total RNA (Qiagen) was extracted from this sample, and Potyvirus was detected using the universal primers Poty S (5′-GGN AAY AAY AGY GGN CAR CC-3′) and PV1 (5′-20(T)V-3′) (1) by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (3). The amplified product was the expected ~1.7-kb, corresponding to the partial nuclear inclusion body gene, the coat protein (CP) gene, and the 3′ end untranslated region. The RT-PCR amplicon was cloned (NEB) and sequenced, and the 1,720-bp consensus sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KM243928). NCBI BLAST analysis at the nucleotide level revealed highest identity (83%) with an isolate of Catharanthus mosaic virus (CatMV) from Brazil (Accession No. DQ365928). Pairwise analysis of the predicted 256 amino acid CP revealed 91% identity with the CatMV Brazilian isolate (ABI94824) and 68% or less identity with other potyviruses. Two potyviruses are usually considered the same species if their CP amino acid sequences are greater than 80% identical (2). Serological analysis of the infected sample Mandevilla ‘Sunmandeho’ Sun Parasol Giant White using a CatMV specific antiserum (4) resulted in positive indirect ELISA reactions. CatMV has been previously reported in periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) in Brazil (4). Based on the analyses by TEM, RT-PCR, nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities, and serological reactivity, we identify this virus as a U.S. Mandevilla isolate of CatMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Catharanthus mosaic virus both in the United States and in Mandevilla. References: (1) J. Chen et al. Arch Virol. 146:757, 2001. (2) A. Gibbs and K. Ohshima. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 48:205, 2010. (3) R. L. Jordan et al. Acta Hortic. 901:159, 2011. (4) S. C. Maciell et al. Sci. Agric. Piracicaba, Brazil. 68:687, 2011. (5) D. Mollov et al. Arch Virol. 158:1917, 2013.
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Toporishcheva, M. V., I. N. Korotkikh, V. M. Andreevskaya, A. M. Lisovoy, U. V. Eremina e E. V. Bondareva. "The effect of mycoses on sowing qualities of Sage seeds (Salvia officinalis L.) in the Non-Chernozem soil zone of the Russian Federation". Vegetable crops of Russia, n.º 4 (9 de julho de 2024): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2024-4-61-68.
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Relevance.Medicinal sage is a pharmacopoeial species, a valuable essential oil plant. The method of plantation establishment is predominantly seed-based, and the seed material can retain pathogenic microbiota, so the purpose of the study was to identify mycosis pathogens in the seeds of medicinal sage.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on samples from the biological collection of Salvia officinalis seeds (as part of the Unique Scientific Installation “Biological Collections of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants”). Seeds of the 1st–5th and 9th years of storage were collected from the nurseries of the Experimental Field of the All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Research to identify mycoses of sage seeds was carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology in the innovative laboratory of microbiology. To study the phytopathogens of Salvia officinalis seeds, the method of artificial nutrient media was used.Results. From the study conducted, the effect of predominant pathogen was established. Fungi of the genus Alternaria, when seeds are stored in conditions with a temperature regime of +20...+22℃, have a negative effect on the sowing quality of seeds. Laboratory germination and germination energy of seeds stored in the cold room (0...+5℃) were affected by yeast, a significant decrease in sowing qualities was observed. When seeds were stored in -18℃, the inhibitory effect of temperature on pathogens was found. The dependence of total pathogen infestation on the conditions and term of seed storage was established. The highest percentage of infestation in seeds stored at room temperature was observed in the first 2 years from the time of collection. The development of pathogenic fungi of Alternaria, Phoma and Rhizopus genus was significantly reduced in seeds stored for 5 to 9 years with temperature conditions of 0...+5℃ and -18℃. Rhizopus, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Clonostachys rosea were found in the sample stored for 38 years in the freezer. The dependence of the set of pathogenic microbiota of seeds on the predecessor in the crop rotation was established. The plots from which seeds were collected, except for the sample from the Crimean zonal experimental station of VILR, have different predecessors. The seeds from the first plot showed the highest percentage of fungal infestation with similar pathogen composition. Total infestation and pathogen composition decreased in the second plot. The sample from the third plot was stored for 5 years in the freezer and no seed mycoses were detected in it.
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Karyakin, I. V., E. G. Nikolenko e E. P. Shnayder. "Current status of the Saker Falcon in Russia and Kazakhstan". Raptors Conservation, n.º 2 (2023): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2023-2-450-458.
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The range and abundance of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Russia and Kazakhstan are systematically declining. It is no exaggeration to say that the Saker Falcon is by far the most endangered raptor species in the Palaearctic. A compilation of literature data shows the species’ estimated abundance in 1970s Russia was at least 9,000–10,000 pairs (Galushin, 2004; Karyakin, 2008), while it appears over 15,000 pairs nested in Kazakhstan – in the 1990s their abundance there was estimated at 5,218 (4,808–5,628) pairs. In 2003, total abundance in Russia (without Crimea) was estimated at 2,520 (2,115–2,925), and in 2004 there were 2,108–2,915 nesting sites (Karyakin et al., 2005). By 2010, Saker Falcon abundance in Crimea was estimated at 163–181 pairs (Milobog et al., 2010). Between 2004 and 2018, the species completely stopped nesting in the near Volga River area region in the Southern Urals and largely disappeared in Western Siberia lowlands. By 2014, Saker Falcon abundance was estimated to be 1,869 (1,628–2,197) pairs in Russia, and by 2018 1,530–1,925 pairs, of which 1,103–1,216 pairs nested in the Altai-Sayan region (ASR), 185–230 pairs in the Baikal region, 72–264 pairs in Dauria, and 145–184 pairs in the Republic of Crimea (Karyakin et al., 2006; 2011; 2018; Karyakin, Nikolenko, 2015). The most prosperous Russian population of Saker Falcon is in the ASR, where regular monitoring of the species occurs. Their abundance has decreased by 43% over 20 years (Karyakin et al., 2018). If at the end of the 1990s 2,056 (1,962–2,150) pairs were thought to nest in the ASR, by 2019 there were just 1,130 (1,076–1,179) pairs. However, compared to other territories, the species’ situation in the ASR can viewed favorably. On the Crimean Peninsula, the Saker Falcon’s decline in abundance is calculated to range by 4.1 to 17.7% over 5 years by 2015 (Milobog et al., 2010; Karyakin, Nikolenko, 2015). Some small nesting groups of Saker Falcon remain in the Baikal region, where local researchers assess the situation as consistently bad. After equipping 150 km of bird-hazardous power lines with protective devices in Daursky Nature Reserve’s enforcement zone in Transbaikalia, by 2017 species abundance had tripled over the 2010 total (Goroshko, 2018), although in this case we are only talking about a few pairs. In recent years, overwintering Saker Falcons have been regularly encountered in Primorye (O. Katugin, pers. com.), and there is a chance that a breeding group remains in Manchuria on the border with China, but there is no data to support this. Considering the negative dynamics of its large population groups, current Saker Falcon abundance in Russia is estimated at 1,356–1,618 pairs (Karyakin et al., 2020). As of 2010, abundance in Kazakhstan was estimated at 2,030 pairs (1,882–2,179), while as of 2012, no more than 1,500 pairs are estimated. Over a 20-year period, their abundance in Kazakhstan fell by over 60% (Karyakin et al., 2015). In 2011–2023, the authors and other researchers regularly visited groups of the species across Kazakhstan, conducting either systematic monitoring of known nesting sites or onetime observations. The report summarizes all available data. In 2022–2023, within the framework of a Biodiversity Research & Conservation Center project supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund and WWF, areas in Southern and Southeastern Kazakhstan where stable groups known to be present as recently as 2010 were carefully studied. In 2022 in the Karatau Mountains and adjacent areas Saker Falcon abundance is estimated at 46 (28–66) breeding pairs; this comprises a 77% decline from 2010 levels (Karyakin et al., 2022). In 2023, monitoring of nesting areas in the Tarbagatai Mountains, Dzhungaria, Chu- Ili Mountains, and the Balkhash region showed isolated incidents of Saker Falcon nesting in areas remote from highways and where the Saker Falcon’s main food resource consisted of small colonial birds (Rooks Corvus frugilegus, Jackdaws Corvus monedula, Rosy Starlings Sturnus roseus). Over the last five years, there has been a complete disappearance of rodents in the Syugaty and Boguty Mountains and the Saker Falcon did not breed (A. Kovalenko, P. Pfander, pers. com.). The authors visited south central Kazakhstan in July 2017 and July 2018; not a single sighting of the species occurred on two monthlong expeditions in the Karaganda region. On Western Kazakhstan’s Ustyurt Plateau, where one of the largest populations of the species remained until 2010 (Pfeffer, Karyakin, 2010), episodic monitoring has been carried out over the past ten years, documenting the disappearance of falcons in the majority of regularly monitored nesting areas (M. Pestov, A. Pazhenkov, I. Smelyansky, pers. com.). Beginning in 2001 in the Naurzumsky State Nature Reserve, a noticeable negative trend emerged in the abundance of a Saker Falcon breeding group: in 2001–2004 abundance ranged from 17 to 20 pairs, 15 pairs were documented in 2005, and 14 pairs in 2006–2008 (Bragin, Bragin, 2009), but no monitoring has taken place there in recent years. Saker Falcons were not studied on Kokchetavskaya Upland or in Irtysh forests in Pavlodar and Semipalatinsk Regions. However, given the reduction in the area of forest plantations as a result of fires and logging, a significant reduction in species abundance can be expected along the lines of similar declines in Altai Kray (Russian Federation), where the Saker Falcon has almost completely disappeared. It should also be noted that, despite this, illegal poachers continue to trap migrant individuals along the forests and foothills of Altai (Hunting Supervision Department data, Altai Kray, Russian Federation), and their activity in the area renders any restoration of the Saker Falcon nesting group in this territory unlikely. Most information about negative factors reducing Saker Falcon abundance stems from an analysis of the fate of birds in the ASR tagged with GPS trackers, as well as information about the ring recoveries labeled with RRRCN.RU. Between 2002 and 2023 52 Saker Falcon nestlings received trackers. Just 4 birds survived the first calendar year of life, but died or were poached in their second year. There have been 13 ring recoveries over the same years. Trapping to support the demands of the falconry industry is first among accurately established reasons for the departure of Saker Falcons. This activity is unsustainable in our view, given that it occurs despite steadily decreasing species abundance. We learned of the legal trapping of six birds thanks to reports by trappers working in northern Mongolia who captured bird wearing our rings and/or trackers. Thanks to these reports, we know the colossal scale of the removal of Saker Falcons from the wild. One of the birds wearing a tracker (Mityunya) was caught twice during a single season. In addition, the prioritized removal of females (by trappers) is evidenced by single males holding nesting sites for many years in the absence of available females in the population, as well in nearly annual changes of the female bird in pairs observed in the ASR. (We have calculated the average age of males and females on nesting sites, on the basis of monitoring since 1999). The second most important factor is the death by electrocution of birds on power lines. After 2010, remaining groups of birds in Russia were found in areas where the majority of bird-hazardous power transmission lines were retrofitted with bird-protective devices or rebuilt. In the last seven years, isolated cases of death have only been documented on badly-equipped power lines, or where the protective equipment fails. In other regions where Saker Falcon deaths were recorded before 2010, no nesting groups remain today. The third factor is insufficient food resources. A prolonged population depression of Daurian Pika (Ochotona dauurica) in the ASR on the border with Mongolia has led to the fact that, over the past four years, nesting at the monitoring site has decreased from 16 pairs to just one. That pair raised just one nestling in 2023. Since 2017 in Kazakhstan, some nesting sites have also been left empty due to a deep decline in rodent abundance. For the sake of comparison, Saker Falcon pairs can successfully raise 5–6 nestlings at a time in areas far from trappers and with a low density of nesting pairs. Poisoning is the fourth most negative factor: (1) Anticoagulant rodenticides are responsible for a 50% decline in a large group in the Altai Mountains, where, in contrast to the effect of trapping, both males and females disappeared from nesting territories. It was not possible to collect tissue from fresh Saker Falcon corpses for chemical analysis, but poisoning was proven to be the cause of death in Black Kites (Milvus migrans) and Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis) that died nearby. (2) Carbofuran in pigeons specially prepared as poisoned bait by pigeon breeders. In both the ASR in Russia and in the Caucasus, there have been over 30 cases of poisonings of large falcons, including six Saker Falcons. The last factor we note is climate change, which regularly leads to low reproductive success in many ASR groups due to: (1) Premature death of offspring during hurricanes and hail on open nests; (2) Death of fledglings unable to feed themselves in the face of dense vegetation in July resulting due to precipitation. In this case, even with abundant food supply, young birds die before dispersal from nesting areas. An entire range of measures is needed to preserve the Saker Falcon: 1) Combating illegal trapping in falcon nesting areas, along migration routes, and in wintering areas; 2) Strengthening enforcement related to legal falcon trapping in Mongolia and enact a ban on bird trapping in Western Mongolia, through which and where Russian birds migrate and overwinter; 3) Implementation of bird protection measures on power lines throughout all countries of the species’ range; 4) Identifying and ending cases of bird poisoning by pigeon breeders, including legally trying particularly serious cases, the results of which are freely illustrated by poisoners on social networks; 5) Expanding the geographic area for creating artificial nests to attract falcons, including attracting breeding birds to artificial nest sites on power lines in partnership with energy companies; 6) Implementing measures to improve the nestling survival rates in natural conditions: strengthening natural nests, supportive supplemental feeding of broods, tattooing the cere and tarsus during tagging to reduce the commercial attractiveness of falcons for trappers; 7) Release of falcons raised in nurseries into the wild using the “hacking” method and mandatory tattooing of the cere and tarsus of released birds.
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Harrison, Steve, e Nestor Gregorio. "Observations of Forestry Seedling Production Systems in Thailand and Vietnam". Annals of Tropical Research, 9 de agosto de 2010, 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32945/atr3225a.2010.
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Visits to forestry agencies and seedling nurseries in Thailand and Vietnam revealed an impressive level of progress in regard to both industrial and small-scale forestry. In both countries, reforestation is accorded high priority, the government is a major player in nursery seedling production, and a high level of technology is used in producing seedlings. Universities also play an active role in forestry seedling production. The visit provided valuable lessons for seedling production systems in the Philippines, including information about the roles of government versus private nurseries and about seedling quality and nursery accreditation.
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Strasheim, Esedra, Alta Kritzinger e Brenda Louw. "The development of a neonatal communication intervention tool". South African Journal of Communication Disorders 58, n.º 1 (8 de novembro de 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v58i1.37.
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Neonatal communication intervention is important in South Africa, which has an increased prevalence of infants born with risks for disabilities and where the majority of infants live in poverty. Local literature showed a dearth of information on the current service delivery and roles of speech-language therapists (SLTs) and audiologists in neonatal nurseries in the South African context. SLTs have the opportunity to provide the earliest intervention, provided that intervention is well-timed in the neonatal nursery context. The aim of the research was to compile a locally relevant neonatal communication intervention instrument/tool for use by SLTs in neonatal nurseries of public hospitals. The study entailed descriptive, exploratory research. During phase 1, a survey was received from 39 SLTs and 2 audiologists in six provinces. The data revealed that participants performed different roles in neonatal nurseries, which depended on the environment, tools, materials and instrumentation available to them. Many participants were inexperienced, but resourceful in their attempts to adapt tools/materials. Participants expressed needs for culturally appropriate and user-friendly instruments for parent guidance and staff/team training on the topic of developmental care. During phase 2, a tool for parent guidance titled Neonatal communication intervention programme for parents was compiled in English and isiZulu. The programme was piloted by three participants. Suggestions for enhancements of the programme were made, such as providing a glossary of terms, adapting the programme’s language and terminology, and providing more illustrations. SLTs and audiologists must contribute to neonatal care of high-risk infants to facilitate development and to support families.
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Barocco, G., E. Croci, F. G. Bucci, T. Longo, A. Marsi, G. Guzzo, A. Calabretti e P. Bogoni. "Actions for the protection and prevention of sustainable healthy complementary feeding in nurseries". European Journal of Public Health 33, Supplement_2 (1 de outubro de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckad160.1065.
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Abstract Background The WHO and UNICEF in the Global Strategy for infant and young children feeding (GS), indicate that the principle actors of society play significant roles in protecting, promoting and supporting safe and adequate complementary feeding for infants and young children. The WHO and FAO in The Sustainable Healthy Diet, guiding principles (SHD) moreover underline synergies among foods, nutrients present in dietary patterns and their bioavailability, degree of food processing, and subsequent health impact. COVID-19's (C) social economic impact has changed food supply costs. The UNICEF Baby-Friendly Community Initiative, involving 41 nurseries with 1600 enrolled children and a coverage rate of 38% (EU objective 35%) has operated in the municipality of Trieste, since 2015. Beginning August 2022 the project aims were to verify the application of food safety regulations (FSR), recommendation of the GS, SHD and regional nutritional guidelines (RNG) in nursery catering services. Methods 13 nurseries have been verified. 78 food samples (FS) of oven-cooked vegetables (V), meat and fish (MF) were taken from 10 nursery kitchens, with a total production of 1150 meals per day. The University of Trieste has performed over 400 analyses. The outcomes were compared with FSR, literature references and pre C research results carried out in 2015. Results Relevant and systemic corrective actions indicated by FSR, GS and RNG have been implemented to overcome non-compliance. The analyses performed on FS have shown that the protective compounds have remained similar, and in some cases improved, in V foods. However, in the MF-based oven-cooked preparations, a significant content of Maillard products was highlighted and only some of them showed values above the acceptable limit. Conclusions The evidence of the project will be able to orient public actors for future integrated actions of protection, promotion and support of a healthy and sustainable complementary diet after C. Key messages • After the social economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic it is determinant to support public actors in continuing to protect, promote and support safe and adequate complementary feeding in nurseries. • It is crucial to program systemic and coordinated actions to ensure adequate resilient food systems in nursery catering services in adherence with the WHO, FAO and UNICEF recommendations.
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Fang, Jennifer L., Rachel Umoren, Hilary Whyte, Jamie Limjoco, Abhishek Makkar, Rosanna Yankanah, Mike McCoy et al. "Provider Perspectives on the Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Teleneonatology". American Journal of Perinatology, 19 de outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736587.
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Objective We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals. Study Design Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models. Results The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries. Conclusion Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable. Key Points
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Fang, Jennifer L., Rachel Umoren, Hilary Whyte, Jamie Limjoco, Abhishek Makkar, Rosanna Yankanah, Mike McCoy et al. "Provider Perspectives on the Acceptability, Appropriateness, and Feasibility of Teleneonatology". American Journal of Perinatology, 28 de setembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1656-6363.
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Objective We aimed to measure provider perspectives on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and community hospitals. Study Design Providers from five academic tertiary NICUs and 27 community hospitals were surveyed using validated implementation measures to assess the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology. For each of the 12 statements, scale values ranged from 1 to 5 (1 = strongly disagree; 5 = strongly agree), with higher scores indicating greater positive perceptions. Survey results were summarized, and differences across respondents assessed using generalized linear models. Results The survey response rate was 56% (203/365). Respondents found teleneonatology to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible. The percent of respondents who agreed with each of the twelve statements ranged from 88.6 to 99.0%, with mean scores of 4.4 to 4.7 and median scores of 4.0 to 5.0. There was no difference in the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of teleneonatology when analyzed by professional role, years of experience in neonatal care, or years of teleneonatology experience. Respondents from Level I well newborn nurseries had greater positive perceptions of teleneonatology than those from Level II special care nurseries. Conclusion Providers in tertiary NICUs and community hospitals perceive teleneonatology to be highly acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their practices. The wide acceptance by providers of all roles and levels of experience likely demonstrates a broad receptiveness to telemedicine as a tool to deliver neonatal care, particularly in rural communities where specialists are unavailable. Key Points
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Trackenberg, Stacy N., Christopher J. Baillie, F. Joel Fodrie, Seth M. Bartusek, Emory H. Wellman e Rachel K. Gittman. "Are nursery approaches maturing in their application to US fisheries management?" BioScience, 26 de dezembro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biad113.
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Abstract There have been significant conceptual advances for identifying nursery habitats within coastal systems used by juvenile fishes and crustaceans. The approaches for delineating nursery areas include measures of juvenile abundance, growth, or survival; habitat characteristics; seascape connectivity; population fitness; and contribution to adult biomass (per unit area or total). We used all US coastal states as replicate trials to evaluate the integration of nursery concepts into fisheries management and found an obvious disconnect between expanding academic interest in nursery roles and management application. Among the few states that afford a subset of coastal environments with nursery status, easily obtained metrics (e.g., juvenile density or presence/absence of biogenic structure) are used, and it remains unclear what role nursery designations have played in promoting sustainable fisheries. Gathering the data necessary to use higher-order nursery approaches and metrics (e.g., connectivity and biomass contribution) to designate nurseries will require significant research investment and greater collaboration between ecologists and fisheries scientists.
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Sémétey, Olivier, Jonathan Gaudin, Jean-Luc Danet, Pascal Salar, Sébastien Theil, Marie Fontaine, Michel Krausz et al. "Lavender Decline in France Is Associated with Chronic Infection by Lavender-Specific Strains of “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 84, n.º 24 (5 de outubro de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01507-18.
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ABSTRACT Lavender decline compromises French lavender production, and preliminary data have suggested the involvement of “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” in the etiology of the disease. In order to evaluate the epidemiological role of “Ca. Phytoplasma solani,” a 3-year survey was conducted in southeastern France. “Ca. Phytoplasma solani” was detected in 19 to 56% of the declining plants, depending on seasons and cultivars, and its prevalence was correlated with symptom severity. Autumn was more favorable than spring for phytoplasma detection, and “Ca. Phytoplasma solani” incidence was higher in Lavandula angustifolia than in Lavandula intermedia hybrids. Detection of the phytoplasma fluctuated over months, supporting the chronicity of infection. Three “Ca. Phytoplasma solani” secY genotypes, S17, S16, and S14, were the most prevalent in lavender fields and were also detected in nurseries, whereas strains detected in surrounding bindweed and wild carrots were mostly of the S1 and S4 genotypes. This suggests that lavender is the main pathogen reservoir of the epidemic. Adults and nymphs of the planthopper vector Hyalesthes obsoletus were commonly captured in lavender fields and were shown to harbor mainly the prevalent phytoplasma genotypes detected in lavenders. The “Ca. Phytoplasma solani” genotype S17 was transmitted to Catharanthus roseus periwinkle by naturally infected H. obsoletus. Finally, the inventory of the bacterial community of declining lavenders that tested negative for “Ca. Phytoplasma solani” by 16S rRNA deep sequencing ruled out the involvement of other phloem-limited bacterial pathogens. IMPORTANCE The etiology and main pathways for the spread of lavender decline, an infectious disease affecting French lavender production since the 1960s, have remained unclear, hampering the development of efficient control strategies. An extensive survey of lavender fields led to the conclusion that “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” was chronically infecting declining lavenders and was associated with large infectious populations of Hyalesthes obsoletus planthoppers living on the crop itself. Lavender appeared to be the main reservoir host for lavender-specific phytoplasma strains, an unusual feature for this phytoplasma, which usually propagates from reservoir weeds to various economically important crops. These results point out the necessity to protect young lavender fields from the initial phytoplasma inoculum coming from surrounding lavender fields or from infected nurseries and to promote agricultural practices that reduce the development of H. obsoletus vector populations.
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Rehman, Mujeeb Ur, Manisha Chaudhary e Sandeep Kumar. "Effect of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and NAA (α-Napthalene Acetic Acid) treatment on Micropropagation of Adansonia digitata L." PLANT CELL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 4 de julho de 2023, 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2023/v24i3-48292.
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The African Baobab, also known as Kalpvriksha (Adansonia digitata L.), is a significant multi-purpose tree that has gained popularity among people, primarily in African countries, for its use as food, fodder, clothing, and ropes. There is one of the obstacle arises in growing this plant by farmers in India is the lack of planting materials. The young plants of A. digitata L. have to be imported form selected nurseries. Therefore, micropropagation can be used as a substitute method to create offspring that are genetically similar to the parent plant. In order to micropropagate Kalpvriksh (A. digitata L.), this experiment is being conducted utilizing shoot tip explants. For shoot proliferation, these explants are grown in MS medium containing various concentrations of BAP (6- Benzylamino purine): 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0 mg/L. Shoots are rooted in a medium containing at the same concentration of NAA (α-Napthalene Acetic Acid) 0.5 mg/L alone or with combination. Complete Randomized Design (CRD) is used to conduct each experiment. ANOVA and the Duncan New Multiple Range test are used to examine the data. According to the technique for micropropagation of A. digitata L. The concentration of BAP and NAA was found to be 1.5 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L respectively which showed better enhancement for shoot regeneration and rooting for micropropagation of Kalpvriksha (Adansonia digitata L.) tree.