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Korahiré, Joël Awouhidia. "Dynamiques socioéconomiques dans les villages riverains au ranch de gibier de Nazinga au Burkina Faso". Articles 40, n.º 2 (24 de março de 2011): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001388ar.
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Afin d’inciter les populations riveraines à la conservation des ressources fauniques, le Ranch de Gibier de Nazinga a adopté un modèle de gestion pour l’amélioration de leur condition de vie. Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier l’environnement socioéconomique dans lequel évoluent ces populations depuis la création dudit ranch. En utilisant principalement une démarche qualitative, la réalisation de cet objectif se fait en deux temps, soit primo en examinant les changements structurels socioéconomiques engendrés par le ranch dans la zone d’étude, puis secundo, en identifiant les impacts socioéconomiques du ranch et en explorant les perceptions des riverains sur ces impacts. Les résultats indiquent d’importantes améliorations sur les plans institutionnel et économique. Cependant, l’insuffisance d’infrastructures sociales de base et certains dysfonctionnements observés rendent les riverains quelque peu sceptiques et menacent la durabilité du modèle de gestion du ranch. En outre, il existe un conflit latent résultant d’une crise de confiance entre la direction du ranch et les populations riveraines.
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Langerwisch, F., A. Walz, A. Rammig, B. Tietjen, K. Thonicke e W. Cramer. "Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics". Earth System Dynamics Discussions 6, n.º 2 (22 de outubro de 2015): 2101–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-6-2101-2015.
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Abstract. Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it, depend on terrestrial productivity and discharge, as well as temperature and atmospheric CO2. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. To assess the impact of these changes on the riverine carbon dynamics, the coupled model system of LPJmL and RivCM (Langerwisch et al., 2015) has been used. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. The results suggest that, following deforestation, riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon will strongly decrease by up to 90 % until the end of the current century. In parallel, discharge increases, leading to roughly unchanged net carbon transport during the first decades of the century, as long as a sufficient area is still forested. During the following decades the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to the riverine organic carbon, the amount of riverine inorganic carbon is only determined by climate change forcing, namely increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Mainly due to the higher atmospheric CO2 it leads to an increase in riverine inorganic carbon by up to 20 % (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on the export of carbon, either to the atmosphere via outgassing, or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. Basin-wide the outgassed carbon will increase slightly, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60 % due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40 % under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. The changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself but also in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.
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Fu, Yutao, Richard Bellerby, Hongyu Ji, Shenliang Chen, Yaoshen Fan e Peng Li. "Impacts of Riverine Floods on Morphodynamics in the Yellow River Delta". Water 15, n.º 8 (17 de abril de 2023): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15081568.
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The geomorphological stability and ecological environment of megadeltas worldwide are of vital importance for their sustainable development. Deltaic hydro-morphodynamics is extremely sensitive to high riverine flow due to reduced sediment supply. However, the morphological evolution and response of deltas under high riverine flow have remained inadequately quantified. As one of the typical megadeltas, the Yellow River Delta (YRD), is becoming increasingly sensitive to environmental changes and intensified human interventions. In this study, a numerical model and field data were used to investigate the hydrodynamic changes and morphodynamic evolution induced by extreme river discharge in the YRD. The numerical experiments with different runoff scenarios reveal that high-energy riverine floods can cause significant hydrodynamic changes in bed shear stresses, water levels, and flow velocities, particularly in the abandoned river mouth. Moreover, it enhances the ebb-dominated tidal asymmetry, which considerably intensifies fluvial sediment resuspension and transport processes. The results also show high-energy riverine floods in the flood seasons trigger severe erosion in the Yellow River submerged delta, with a net erosion volume reaching −0.07 × 108 m3/year. The hydrodynamic increment in the abandoned river mouth is more significant, and therefore, severe erosion occurs, with the maximum erosion thickness reaching 7 m. These findings highlight the role of high riverine floods on the hydro-sediment dynamics of large river deltas under a sediment starvation condition.
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Langerwisch, Fanny, Ariane Walz, Anja Rammig, Britta Tietjen, Kirsten Thonicke e Wolfgang Cramer. "Deforestation in Amazonia impacts riverine carbon dynamics". Earth System Dynamics 7, n.º 4 (9 de dezembro de 2016): 953–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-953-2016.
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Abstract. Fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon within the Amazon basin are considerably controlled by annual flooding, which triggers the export of terrigenous organic material to the river and ultimately to the Atlantic Ocean. The amount of carbon imported to the river and the further conversion, transport and export of it depend on temperature, atmospheric CO2, terrestrial productivity and carbon storage, as well as discharge. Both terrestrial productivity and discharge are influenced by climate and land use change. The coupled LPJmL and RivCM model system (Langerwisch et al., 2016) has been applied to assess the combined impacts of climate and land use change on the Amazon riverine carbon dynamics. Vegetation dynamics (in LPJmL) as well as export and conversion of terrigenous carbon to and within the river (RivCM) are included. The model system has been applied for the years 1901 to 2099 under two deforestation scenarios and with climate forcing of three SRES emission scenarios, each for five climate models. We find that high deforestation (business-as-usual scenario) will strongly decrease (locally by up to 90 %) riverine particulate and dissolved organic carbon amount until the end of the current century. At the same time, increase in discharge leaves net carbon transport during the first decades of the century roughly unchanged only if a sufficient area is still forested. After 2050 the amount of transported carbon will decrease drastically. In contrast to that, increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration determine the amount of riverine inorganic carbon stored in the Amazon basin. Higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations increase riverine inorganic carbon amount by up to 20 % (SRES A2). The changes in riverine carbon fluxes have direct effects on carbon export, either to the atmosphere via outgassing or to the Atlantic Ocean via discharge. The outgassed carbon will increase slightly in the Amazon basin, but can be regionally reduced by up to 60 % due to deforestation. The discharge of organic carbon to the ocean will be reduced by about 40 % under the most severe deforestation and climate change scenario. These changes would have local and regional consequences on the carbon balance and habitat characteristics in the Amazon basin itself as well as in the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.
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You, Yanbin, Zhenghui Xie, Binghao Jia, Yan Wang, Longhuan Wang, Ruichao Li, Heng Yan, Yuhang Tian e Si Chen. "Impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on global riverine dissolved organic carbon transport". Earth System Dynamics 14, n.º 5 (4 de setembro de 2023): 897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-897-2023.
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Abstract. Anthropogenic water regulation activities, including reservoir interception, surface water withdrawal, and groundwater extraction, alter riverine hydrologic processes and affect dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export from land to rivers and oceans. In this study, schemes describing soil DOC leaching, riverine DOC transport, and anthropogenic water regulation were developed and incorporated into the Community Land Model 5.0 (CLM5.0) and the River Transport Model (RTM). Three simulations by the developed model were conducted on a global scale from 1981–2013 to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic water regulation on riverine DOC transport. The validation results showed that DOC exports simulated by the developed model were in good agreement with global river observations. The simulations showed that DOC transport in most rivers was mainly influenced by reservoir interception and surface water withdrawal, especially in central North America and eastern China. Four major rivers, including the Danube, Yangtze, Mississippi, and Ganges rivers, have experienced reduced riverine DOC flows due to intense water management, with the largest effect occurring in winter and early spring. In the Danube and Yangtze river basins, the impact in 2013 was 4 to 5 times greater than in 1981, with a retention efficiency of over 50 %. The Ob river basin was almost unaffected. The total impact of anthropogenic water regulation reduced global annual riverine DOC exports to the ocean by approximately 13.36 ± 2.45 Tg C yr−1, and this effect increased from 4.83 % to 6.20 % during 1981–2013, particularly in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
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Zhang, Yang, e Samsung Lim. "Drivers of Wildfire Occurrence Patterns in the Inland Riverine Environment of New South Wales, Australia". Forests 10, n.º 6 (24 de junho de 2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060524.
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In the inland riverine environment of Australia, wildfires not only threaten human life and cause economic loss but also make distinctive impacts on the ecosystem (e.g., injuring or killing fire-sensitive wetland species such as the river red gum). Understanding the drivers of wildfire occurrence patterns in this particular environment is vital for fire-risk reduction and ecologically sustainable management. This study investigated patterns and driving factors of wildfire occurrence over the years from 2001 to 2016 and across the New South Wales side of the Riverina bioregion. Descriptive analyses were conducted for fires of different causes and that burned different vegetation types. Logistic regression models were developed by incorporating factors that provide information on weather, climate, fuel, topography and ignition sources. Analyses revealed that most fires occurred in summer, with human-caused fires primarily in spring and summer, and natural fires in summer. Summer was the most fire-prone season in forested wetlands, whereas fires in drylands mostly occurred during spring and summer. Fire probabilities were higher under severe weather conditions, in areas with higher annual rainfall, in forested wetlands and in areas with intermediate inundation frequencies. Special attention needs to be paid to the effects of vegetation type and inundation frequency on fire occurrence. Weather, climate&fuel and ignition sources were comparably important in explaining human-caused fire occurrence, whereas weather was more important than climate&fuel in explaining natural fire occurrence. Understandings obtained from this study can potentially support the planning of fire and forest management, as well as to supplement the relatively scarce knowledge on riverine wildfire occurrence.
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St-Laurent, Pierre, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Hanqin Tian e Yuanzhi Yao. "Relative impacts of global changes and regional watershed changes on the inorganic carbon balance of the Chesapeake Bay". Biogeosciences 17, n.º 14 (22 de julho de 2020): 3779–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3779-2020.
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Abstract. The Chesapeake Bay is a large coastal-plain estuary that has experienced considerable anthropogenic change over the past century. At the regional scale, land-use change has doubled the nutrient input from rivers and led to an increase in riverine carbon and alkalinity. The bay has also experienced global changes, including the rise of atmospheric temperature and CO2. Here we seek to understand the relative impact of these changes on the inorganic carbon balance of the bay between the early 1900s and the early 2000s. We use a linked land–estuarine–ocean modeling system that includes both inorganic and organic carbon and nitrogen cycling. Sensitivity experiments are performed to isolate the effect of changes in (1) atmospheric CO2, (2) temperature, (3) riverine nitrogen loading and (4) riverine carbon and alkalinity loading. Specifically, we find that over the past century global changes have increased ingassing by roughly the same amount (∼30 Gg-C yr−1) as has the increased riverine loadings. While the former is due primarily to increases in atmospheric CO2, the latter results from increased net ecosystem production that enhances ingassing. Interestingly, these increases in ingassing are partially mitigated by increased temperatures and increased riverine carbon and alkalinity inputs, both of which enhance outgassing. Overall, the bay has evolved over the century to take up more atmospheric CO2 and produce more organic carbon. These results suggest that over the past century, changes in riverine nutrient loads have played an important role in altering coastal carbon budgets, but that ongoing global changes have also substantially affected coastal carbonate chemistry.
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White, Kathleen D., e Johnnie N. Moore. "Impacts of Dam Removal on Riverine Ice Regime". Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 16, n.º 1 (março de 2002): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-381x(2002)16:1(2).
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Valle Junior, Renato F., Simone G. P. Varandas, Fernando A. L. Pacheco, Vítor R. Pereira, Cátia F. Santos, Rui M. V. Cortes e Luís F. Sanches Fernandes. "Impacts of land use conflicts on riverine ecosystems". Land Use Policy 43 (fevereiro de 2015): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.10.015.
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Zhou, Shuchan, Tao Tang, Naicheng Wu, Xiaocheng Fu e Qinghua Cai. "Impacts of a Small Dam on Riverine Zooplankton". International Review of Hydrobiology 93, n.º 3 (junho de 2008): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.200711038.
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Kemp, Paul, David Sear, Adrian Collins, Pamela Naden e Iwan Jones. "The impacts of fine sediment on riverine fish". Hydrological Processes 25, n.º 11 (24 de janeiro de 2011): 1800–1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7940.
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Yam, Rita S. W., Yen-Tzu Fan, Zhehan Tan, Tzu-Dan Wang e Chiu-Yu Chiu. "Assessing Impacts of Metallic Contamination along the Tidal Gradient of a Riverine Mangrove: Multi-metal Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification of Filter-Feeding Bivalves". Forests 11, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 2020): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050504.
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Most riverine mangroves (characterized by salinity fluctuations and tidal inundations), are seriously threatened by metallic pollution. Whether differences in salinity and tidal effects along the river continuum can affect metallic bioaccumulation and the biomagnification of species is still unknown. Bivalves are representative sessile inhabitants in mangrove ecosystems, with a high capacity to bioaccumulate metallic contaminants. The present study used two bivalves, Meretrix lusoria and Mytilopsis sallei, to monitor inter-site changes in metallic contamination and assess the associated ecological impacts along the tidal gradients of riverine mangroves. The concentrations of a total of six metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in M. lusoria and M. sallei, collected at three different sites along Danshuei Riverine Mangrove, were investigated. The metallic concentrations of the whole soft body of the studied bivalves, and the associated surface sediment from each site, were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the inter-site effects on the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metallic contaminants in bivalves. There are increasing concentrations of four metallic contaminants, Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu, in the seaward direction of the bivalves. The increasing mean metallic concentrations along the seaward direction may be the effect of salinity, further decreasing the rate of the elimination of these metals, thus resulting in a net increase in metallic contaminants. Our results clearly show prominent inter-site changes in the metallic burdens of bivalves in our study on riverine mangrove ecosystems associated with different levels of bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metallic contaminants. Thus, it is important to monitor multiple sites along the dynamic environment of riverine mangroves in order to gain a good understanding of the ecological impact of metallic pollution risks. The present findings provide important evidence of the use of simple indices to assess the ecological impacts of metallic pollution in riverine mangroves.
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Gao, Shuang, Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, Ingo Bethke, Jens Hartmann, Emilio Mayorga e Christoph Heinze. "Riverine impact on future projections of marine primary production and carbon uptake". Biogeosciences 20, n.º 1 (9 de janeiro de 2023): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-93-2023.
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Abstract. Riverine transport of nutrients and carbon from inland waters to the coastal and finally the open ocean alters marine primary production (PP) and carbon (C) uptake regionally and globally. So far, this process has not been fully represented and evaluated in the state-of-the-art Earth system models. Here we assess changes in marine PP and C uptake projected under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 climate scenario using the Norwegian Earth system model, with four riverine transport configurations for nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and iron), carbon, and total alkalinity: deactivated, fixed at a recent-past level, coupled to simulated freshwater runoff, and following four plausible future scenarios. The inclusion of riverine nutrients and carbon at the 1970 level improves the simulated contemporary spatial distribution of annual mean PP and air–sea CO2 fluxes relative to observations, especially on the continental margins (5.4 % reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) for PP) and in the North Atlantic region (7.4 % reduction in RMSE for C uptake). While the riverine nutrients and C input is kept constant, its impact on projected PP and C uptake is expressed differently in the future period from the historical period. Riverine nutrient inputs lessen nutrient limitation under future warmer conditions as stratification increases and thus lessen the projected decline in PP by up to 0.66 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1 (29.5 %) globally, when comparing the 1950–1999 with the 2050–2099 period. The riverine impact on projected C uptake depends on the balance between the net effect of riverine-nutrient-induced C uptake and riverine-C-induced CO2 outgassing. In the two idealized riverine configurations the riverine inputs result in a weak net C sink of 0.03–0.04 ± 0.01 Pg C yr−1, while in the more plausible riverine configurations the riverine inputs cause a net C source of 0.11 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1. It implies that the effect of increased riverine C may be larger than the effect of nutrient inputs in the future on the projections of ocean C uptake, while in the historical period increased nutrient inputs are considered the largest driver. The results are subject to model limitations related to resolution and process representations that potentially cause underestimation of impacts. High-resolution global or regional models with an adequate representation of physical and biogeochemical shelf processes should be used to assess the impact of future riverine scenarios more accurately.
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Wang, Bin, Jiatang Hu, Shiyu Li, Liuqian Yu e Jia Huang. "Impacts of anthropogenic inputs on hypoxia and oxygen dynamics in the Pearl River estuary". Biogeosciences 15, n.º 20 (18 de outubro de 2018): 6105–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6105-2018.
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Abstract. In summer, the Pearl River estuary (PRE) experiences hypoxia, largely driven by the high input of fresh water with low dissolved oxygen (DO), abundant nutrients and particulate organic carbon from the Pearl River network. In this study, we used a well-validated physical–biogeochemical model together with a DO species-tracing method to study the responses of hypoxia and oxygen dynamics to the anthropogenic perturbations of riverine inputs (i.e. DO, nutrients, and particulate organic carbon) in July–August 2006. Model results showed that hypoxia in the PRE was most sensitive to riverine inputs of particulate organic carbon, followed by DO concentrations and nutrients. Specifically, a 50 % decrease (increase) in riverine input of particulate organic carbon led to a 47 % decrease (64 % increase) in hypoxic area, with the sediment oxygen demand and water column production being the two most important processes contributing to changes in DO concentration. Changes in the riverine inputs of DO and nutrients had little impact on the simulated hypoxia because of the buffering effects of re-aeration (DO fluxes across the air–sea interface); i.e. the re-aeration responded to the changes in surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) associated with river-induced variations of oxygen source and sink processes. The PRE features shallow waters (with averaged depth of 10 m) in which oxygen provided by the re-aeration could penetrate to bottom waters via vertical diffusion and largely offset the changes in DO contributed by other oxygen source and sink processes. This study highlights the importance of re-aeration in reducing hypoxia variability in shallow estuaries.
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Zhang, W. S., D. P. Swaney, X. Y. Li, B. Hong, R. W. Howarth e S. H. Ding. "Anthropogenic point and non-point nitrogen inputs into Huai River Basin and their impacts on riverine ammonia-nitrogen flux". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, n.º 4 (27 de fevereiro de 2015): 3577–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-3577-2015.
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Abstract. This study provides a new approach to estimate both anthropogenic non-point and point nitrogen (N) inputs to the landscape, and determines their impacts on riverine ammonia-nitrogen (AN) flux, providing a foundation for further exploration of anthropogenic effects on N pollution. Our study site is Huai River Basin of China, a watershed with one of the highest levels of N input in the world. Multi-year average (2003–2010) inputs of N to the watershed are 27 200 ± 1100 kg N km−2 yr−1. Non-point sources comprised about 98% of total N input and only 2% of inputs are directly added to the aquatic ecosystem as point sources. Fertilizer application was the largest non-point source of new N to the Huai River Basin (69% of net anthropogenic N inputs), followed by atmospheric deposition (20%), N fixation in croplands (7%), and N content of imported food and feed (2%). High N inputs showed impacts on riverine AN flux: fertilizer application, point N input and atmospheric N deposition were proved as more direct sources to riverine AN flux. Modes of N delivery and losses associated with biological denitrification in rivers, water consumption, interception by dams influenced the extent of export of riverine AN flux from N sources. Our findings highlight the importance of anthropogenic N inputs from point and non-point sources in heavily polluted watersheds, and provide some implications for AN prediction and management.
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Vasconcelos, Mônica Alves de, Henrique dos Santos Pereira, Myriam Lopes e David Franklin da Silva Guimarães. "Impacts of Climate Change on the Lives of Riverine Farmers on the Lower Rio Negro, Amazon". Atmosphere 13, n.º 11 (15 de novembro de 2022): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111906.
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Global climate change, although gradual, is already clearly perceptible for the whole society; however, its impacts affect individuals and regions in diverse ways. Riverine communities in the Brazilian Amazon are highly vulnerable to this change, as seasonal hydroclimatic cycles govern their daily lives, integrate their way of life with the environment, and determine the organization of social and agricultural calendars. This work aimed to understand the impacts caused by climate change on the lives of riverine family farmers on the lower Rio Negro. Initially, through the analysis of changes in hydroclimatic trends and, later, through the description of perception, we tried to present the impacts on the ways of life to then know the climate adaptation strategies. The research was carried out in the state of Amazonas, in the riverine communities Tiririca, Marajá, Santo Antônio, and Terra Preta, located in the Rio Negro Sustainable Development Reserve, with 43 subjects through semi-structured and focus group interviews. Historical trends in the seasonality of the hydrological regime, precipitation, and temperature were analyzed, while qualitative data from environmental perception were analyzed using the technique of content analysis. Physical records of local climate variability and environmental perception are, in most cases, compatible and indicate that hydroclimatic cycles are changing. For the riverine people, the rains have been decreasing and there is unanimity in the perception that the increase in temperature is a reality that has affected their way of life at work, education, health, and food. Although communities have been developing spontaneous adaptive strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change, effective public policies need to reinforce these local responses to climate variability, contributing to the quality of life of populations.
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Langerwisch, F., A. Walz, A. Rammig, B. Tietjen, K. Thonicke e W. Cramer. "Climate change increases riverine carbon outgassing while export to the ocean remains uncertain". Earth System Dynamics Discussions 6, n.º 2 (17 de agosto de 2015): 1445–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-6-1445-2015.
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Abstract. Carbon fluxes in the Amazon Basin are considerably influenced by annual flooding during which terrigenous organic material is imported to the river. This regular interaction affects carbon pools within the riverine system, terrestrial carbon, and carbon exported to the ocean and released to the atmosphere. The processes of generation, conversion, and transport of organic carbon in this coupled terrigenous–riverine system strongly interact and are climate-sensitive, yet their response to climate change is still largely unknown. To quantify climate change effects on carbon pools and on carbon fluxes within the river and to the ocean and the atmosphere, we developed the riverine carbon model RivCM, which is directly coupled to the well-established dynamic vegetation and hydrology model LPJmL. We show here that RivCM successfully reproduces observed values in exported carbon and riverine carbon concentration. We evaluate future changes in riverine carbon by applying RivCM for climate forcing from five climate models and three CO2 emission scenarios (SRES). We find that climate change causes a doubling of riverine organic carbon in the Southern and Western basin while reducing it by 20 % in the eastern and northern parts. In contrast, the amount of riverine inorganic carbon shows a 2- to 3-fold increase in the entire basin, independent of the SRES scenario. The export of carbon to the atmosphere increases as well with an average of about 30 %. In contrast, changes in future export of organic carbon to the Atlantic Ocean depend on the SRES scenario and are projected to either decrease by about 8.9 % (SRES A1B) or increase by about 9.1 % (SRES A2). Such changes in the terrigenous–riverine system could have local and regional impacts on the carbon budget of the whole Amazon Basin and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Changes in the riverine carbon could lead to a shift in the riverine nutrient supply and pH, while changes in the exported carbon to the ocean leads to changes in the supply of organic material that acts as food source in the Atlantic. On the larger scale the increased outgassing of CO2 could turn the Amazon Basin from a sink of carbon to a considerable source. Therefore we propose that the coupling of terrestrial and riverine carbon budget should be included in subsequent analysis of the future regional carbon budget.
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Zhang, W. S., D. P. Swaney, X. Y. Li, B. Hong, R. W. Howarth e S. H. Ding. "Anthropogenic point-source and non-point-source nitrogen inputs into Huai River basin and their impacts on riverine ammonia–nitrogen flux". Biogeosciences 12, n.º 14 (22 de julho de 2015): 4275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4275-2015.
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Abstract. This study provides a new approach to estimate both anthropogenic non-point-source and point-source nitrogen (N) inputs to the landscape, and determines their impacts on riverine ammonia–nitrogen (AN) flux, providing a foundation for further exploration of anthropogenic effects on N pollution. Our study site is Huai River basin of China, a water–shed with one of the highest levels of N input in the world. Multi-year average (2003–2010) inputs of N to the watershed are 27 200 ± 1100 kg N km−2 yr−1. Non-point sources comprised about 98 % of total N input, and only 2 % of inputs are directly added to the aquatic ecosystem as point sources. Fertilizer application was the largest non-point source of new N to the Huai River basin (69 % of net anthropogenic N inputs), followed by atmospheric deposition (20 %), N fixation in croplands (7 %), and N content of imported food and feed (2 %). High N inputs showed impacts on riverine AN flux: fertilizer application, point-source N input, and atmospheric N deposition were proved as more direct sources to riverine AN flux. Modes of N delivery and losses associated with biological denitrification in rivers, water consumption, interception by dams may influence the extent of export of riverine AN flux from N sources. Our findings highlight the importance of anthropogenic N inputs from both point sources and non-point sources in heavily polluted watersheds, and provide some implications for AN prediction and management.
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Wang, Shuyi, Mohammad Reza Najafi, Alex J. Cannon e Amir Ali Khan. "Uncertainties in Riverine and Coastal Flood Impacts under Climate Change". Water 13, n.º 13 (27 de junho de 2021): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131774.
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Climate change can affect different drivers of flooding in low-lying coastal areas of the world, challenging the design and planning of communities and infrastructure. The concurrent occurrence of multiple flood drivers such as high river flows and extreme sea levels can aggravate such impacts and result in catastrophic damages. In this study, the individual and compound effects of riverine and coastal flooding are investigated at Stephenville Crossing located in the coastal-estuarine region of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. The impacts of climate change on flood extents and depths and the uncertainties associated with temporal patterns of storms, intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) projections, spatial resolution, and emission scenarios are assessed. A hydrologic model and a 2D hydraulic model are set up and calibrated to simulate the flood inundation for the historical (1976–2005) as well as the near future (2041–2070) and far future (2071–2100) periods under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. Future storm events are generated based on projected IDF curves from convection-permitting Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) climate model simulations, using SCS, Huff, and alternating block design storm methods. The results are compared with simulations based on projected IDF curves derived from statistically downscaled Global Climate Models (GCMs). Both drivers of flooding are projected to intensify in the future, resulting in higher risks of flooding in the study area. Compound riverine and coastal flooding results in more severe inundation, affecting the communities on the coastline and the estuary area. Results show that the uncertainties associated with storm hyetographs are considerable, which indicate the importance of accurate representation of storm patterns. Further, simulations based on projected WRF-IDF curves show higher risks of flooding compared to the ones associated with GCM-IDFs.
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Amanullah, M., e A. Ahmed. "Environmental Change Impacts on Indus Riverine Forest, Sindh, Pakistan: Review". Journal of Environmental Professionals Sri Lanka 4, n.º 1 (5 de junho de 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jepsl.v4i1.7851.
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Marchina, Chiara, Kay Knöller, Maddalena Pennisi, Claudio Natali, Marlene Dordoni, Paolo Di Giuseppe, Rosa Cidu e Gianluca Bianchini. "The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes". Minerals 10, n.º 5 (18 de maio de 2020): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050455.
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The water composition of the river Adige displays a Ca–HCO3 hydrochemical facies, mainly due to rock weathering. Nitrate is the only component that has increased in relation to growing anthropogenic inputs. The aim of this paper was to identify the origin of the dissolved components in this river and to establish the relationship between these components and critical zone processes within an evolving framework where climatic and human impacts are influencing the riverine system. In particular, emphasis is given to a wide spectrum of isotope data (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B), which is considered useful for determining water origin as well as natural and anthropogenic impacts on riverine geochemistry. Together with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, which are strictly related to the climatic conditions (precipitation, temperature, humidity), the carbon, sulphur, strontium and boron signatures can describe the magnitude of rock weathering, which is in turn linked to the climatic parameters. δ13CDIC varies regularly along the riverine profile between −4.5‰ and −9.5‰, and δ34SSO4 varies regularly between +4.4‰ and +11.4‰. On the other hand, δ15NNO3 shows a more scattered distribution between +3.9‰ and +10.5‰, with sharp variations along the riverine profile. 87Sr/86Sr varies between 0.72797 in the upper part of the catchment and 0.71068 in the lower part. δ11B also shows a rough trend, with values approaching 7.6‰ in the upper part and 8.5‰ in the lower part. In our view, the comparatively low δ34S, δ11B, and high 87Sr/86Sr values, could be a proxy for increasing silicate weathering, which is a process that is sensitive to increases in temperature.
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Begossi, A., S. V. Salivonchyk, G. Hallwass, N. Hanazaki, P. F. M. Lopes, R. A. M. Silvano, D. Dumaresq e J. Pittock. "Fish consumption on the Amazon: a review of biodiversity, hydropower and food security issues". Brazilian Journal of Biology 79, n.º 2 (abril de 2019): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.186572.
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Abstract The lack of knowledge about the majority of fish species harvested in Amazonian small-scale fisheries, in association with impacts from hydroelectric power plants, may lead to biodiversity loss and a decrease in the protein food supply for riverine Amazonians. This study uses existing datasets on fisheries and riverine developmental projects to infer effects associated with fish losses where actual data and outcomes are not available. The targeted fish species’ status may be regarded as either threatened or there being no knowledge of their conservation requirements, biology or ecology. Among the 90 Amazonian fish species that are the most important for the diet of the riverine fishers, 78% are not assessed or their biological information is unknown, according to the IUCN Red List. Consequently, the effects created by the thoroughly disregarded trade-off between energy generation and food security in the planning of Amazonian land use have been worsened by the lack of biological and ecological information on fish species.
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Atazadeh, Ehsan, Andrew Barton, Mozhgan Shirinpour, Mahdi Zarghami e Abbas Rajabifard. "River management and environmental water allocation in regulated ecosystems of arid and semi-arid regions – A review". Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 193, n.º 4 (23 de junho de 2020): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2020/1286.
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Rivers make a significant contribution in providing goods and services for human well-being. Today, many rivers and streams have been heavily regulated to ensure adequate provision of water resources for anthropogenic uses. Riverine ecosystems, especially those in arid and semi-arid regions, are experiencing severe stress due to the increasing demands on the ecosystem services they provide, coupled with anthropogenic catchment-scale impacts and factors associated with natural and human-induced climate variability and change. In this paper, the various flow components in regulated riverine ecosystems and the methods to determine environmental flows are reviewed. The review also focuses on the concurrent developments of eco-hydrological models and on the new opportunities for improving environmental flows of rivers by sustainably adjusting consumptive flows to fine-tune environmental flows and maximize the ecological benefit. In fact, the present paper highlights the role of consumptive flows, towards improving environmental flows, which has largely been neglected by river scientists and water managers. Indeed, consumptive flows can provide an opportunity to improve and support environmental flows in regulated riverine ecosystems. Addressing these challenges may aid water management efforts in finding sustainable solutions in riverine ecosystems by balancing environmental/ecological and human water requirements.
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Langerwisch, F., A. Walz, A. Rammig, B. Tietjen, K. Thonicke e W. Cramer. "Climate change increases riverine carbon outgassing, while export to the ocean remains uncertain". Earth System Dynamics 7, n.º 3 (8 de julho de 2016): 559–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-7-559-2016.
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Abstract. Any regular interaction of land and river during flooding affects carbon pools within the terrestrial system, riverine carbon and carbon exported from the system. In the Amazon basin carbon fluxes are considerably influenced by annual flooding, during which terrigenous organic material is imported to the river. The Amazon basin therefore represents an excellent example of a tightly coupled terrestrial–riverine system. The processes of generation, conversion and transport of organic carbon in such a coupled terrigenous–riverine system strongly interact and are climate-sensitive, yet their functioning is rarely considered in Earth system models and their response to climate change is still largely unknown. To quantify regional and global carbon budgets and climate change effects on carbon pools and carbon fluxes, it is important to account for the coupling between the land, the river, the ocean and the atmosphere. We developed the RIVerine Carbon Model (RivCM), which is directly coupled to the well-established dynamic vegetation and hydrology model LPJmL, in order to account for this large-scale coupling. We evaluate RivCM with observational data and show that some of the values are reproduced quite well by the model, while we see large deviations for other variables. This is mainly caused by some simplifications we assumed. Our evaluation shows that it is possible to reproduce large-scale carbon transport across a river system but that this involves large uncertainties. Acknowledging these uncertainties, we estimate the potential changes in riverine carbon by applying RivCM for climate forcing from five climate models and three CO2 emission scenarios (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, SRES). We find that climate change causes a doubling of riverine organic carbon in the southern and western basin while reducing it by 20 % in the eastern and northern parts. In contrast, the amount of riverine inorganic carbon shows a 2- to 3-fold increase in the entire basin, independent of the SRES scenario. The export of carbon to the atmosphere increases as well, with an average of about 30 %. In contrast, changes in future export of organic carbon to the Atlantic Ocean depend on the SRES scenario and are projected to either decrease by about 8.9 % (SRES A1B) or increase by about 9.1 % (SRES A2). Such changes in the terrigenous–riverine system could have local and regional impacts on the carbon budget of the whole Amazon basin and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. Changes in riverine carbon could lead to a shift in the riverine nutrient supply and pH, while changes in the exported carbon to the ocean lead to changes in the supply of organic material that acts as a food source in the Atlantic. On larger scales the increased outgassing of CO2 could turn the Amazon basin from a sink of carbon to a considerable source. Therefore, we propose that the coupling of terrestrial and riverine carbon budgets should be included in subsequent analysis of the future regional carbon budget.
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Long, Nguyen Van, Tu Dam Ngoc Le, Ho Nguyen, Duong Van Khanh, Ngo Thi Minh The, Duy Thinh Do e Yuning Cheng. "From a Hard to Soft Approach for Flood Management in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Integrating Ecological Engineering for Urban Sustainability in My Tho City". Water 14, n.º 7 (29 de março de 2022): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14071079.
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Flooding is one of the leading challenges faced by delta cities in the world. Flood risk management using flood control infrastructure (FCI) is a popular solution to prevent flood damage; however, this is receiving enormous criticism due to its negative impacts on urban ecosystems. Recently, there have been new approaches to flood risk management that gradually shifted the focus away from FCI, such as ecological infrastructure (EI) based approaches. However, the conventional thinking that cities cannot be safe without FCI seems an immutable one, especially in developing countries. This study firstly assessed human–river interaction in direct relation to FCI and outlined the limitations of FCI. Then, an urban ecology research model was used to conduct a case study in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), in which the interaction between factors, including riverine urbanization, FCI formation dynamics, the changing hydrological regime, flood risk, and riverine ecosystem degradation were evaluated. Due to the dynamism and complexity of the interactions between humans and rivers at the VMD, this study attempts to demonstrate that building the ability to adapt to flood risks based on EI will have a crucial role in enhancing the sustainability of delta cities. Through a case study in My Tho City (MTC) a flood resilience management scenario for a riverine urban area along the Mekong River was developed to discuss the role of EI in flood risk reduction and the restoration of riverine native ecosystems. The findings from this study suggests that EI should be considered as an effective and indispensable design tool for the conservation of riparian ecological corridors and public open spaces—which is a major challenge for urban areas in the context of increasing climate change impacts in the VMD.
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Alessi, Marissa A., Peter G. Chirico e Marco Millones. "Artisanal Mining River Dredge Detection Using SAR: A Method Comparison". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 24 (12 de dezembro de 2023): 5701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245701.
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Challenges exist in monitoring artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities, given their dynamic and often informal nature. ASM takes form through various techniques and scales, including riverine dredging, which often targets the abundant alluvial gold deposits in South America. Remote sensing offers a solution to improve data collection, regulation, and monitoring of the more mobile and elusive ASM activities and their impacts. Mapping ASM riverine dredges using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of the application areas least explored. Three semi-automated detection approaches using Sentinel-1 SAR are compared on their ability to identify dredges with minimal false positives. The methods are: (i) Search for Unidentified Maritime Objects (SUMO), an established method for large ocean ship detection; and two techniques specifically developed for riverine environments that are introduced in this paper: (ii) a local detection method; and (iii) a global threshold method. A visual interpretation of SAR data with the inclusion of optical high-resolution data are used to generate a validation dataset. Results show it is possible to semi-automatically detect riverine dredge using SAR and that a local detection method provides the best balance between sensitivity and precision and has the lowest risk of error. Future improvements may consider further automation, more discriminatory variables, and analyzing the methods in different environments and at higher spatial resolutions.
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Upadhyay, Pooja, Sanjeev Kumar Prajapati e Amit Kumar. "Impacts of riverine pollution on greenhouse gas emissions: A comprehensive review". Ecological Indicators 154 (outubro de 2023): 110649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110649.
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Cohen-Carneiro, Flávia, Maria Augusta Bessa Rebelo, Reinaldo Souza-Santos, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Alessandra Valle Salino e Danielson Guedes Pontes. "Psychometric properties of the OHIP-14 and prevalence and severity of oral health impacts in a rural riverine population in Amazonas State, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 26, n.º 6 (junho de 2010): 1122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2010000600006.
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The objectives of this study were: (1) test the psychometric properties of OHIP-14 in a rural population; and (2) compare the oral health impacts in two riverine communities in the Brazilian Amazon that were living at different distances from an urban center. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study in a consecutive sample (n = 126). The validity was assessed through the association of OHIP with clinical and subjective variables, which showed a more significant association with: pain, caries, need of extraction or endodontic treatment; than with tooth loss, periodontal disease or need of prostheses. The stability and internal consistency were good (ICC = 0.97; Cronbach's α = 0.89). The prevalence of oral impacts was greater in the community far from the urban center [70.3 (59.9-80.7)] than in the community closer to it [44.3 (30.7-57.7)], and in women [66.7 (56.0-77.3)] in comparison with men [49.1 (35.3-62.7)]. The OHIP-14 adapted to rural populations in Amazonas State was valid, reproducible, and consistent. There was high prevalence of impacts, especially for riverine communities that lived far from urban centers.
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Broadfoot, Madelaine SS, Tom B. Doyle, Annette C. Burke e Hannah E. Power. "MORPHODYNAMICS OF TWO RIVERINE ESTUARIES IN NSW". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, n.º 37 (1 de setembro de 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.management.32.
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Australian communities place a very high value on coastal environments and this is reflected with 85 percent of the population living within 50 km of the coast (Clark and Johnston 2016). Estuaries make up a large portion of the coastal environment so it is important to understand how such settings may respond to future pressures. It is generally accepted that estuaries will undergo significant alteration due to climate change related impacts such as sea level rise (SLR) and changes in the frequency and magnitude of storm events (Passeri et al. 2016). Most previous research in southeast Australia has focused on coastal lake estuary types (e.g. Young et al. 2014 and Hart et al. 2019), yet our understanding of how riverine estuary systems (i.e., more mature and infilled systems) will respond to future SLR is much less certain. To increase our understanding of how the morphodynamics of riverine estuaries may change with climate change, this study has investigated the tidal hydrodynamics, water level records, and inlet morphologies of two riverine estuaries in NSW: Boambee Creek (around 500 km north of Sydney) and Camden Haven Inlet (around 350 km north of Sydney).
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Waswala-Olewe, Brian M., James Okot Okuku e Richard Kennedy Oginga Abila. "Fishing Gear in the Sondu-Miriu River: Level of Use, Preference and Selectivity". Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 15 (22 de outubro de 2014): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11301.
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Artisan fishers of Osodo beach of Sondu-Miriu River (Kenya) use both traditional and modern gear to catch riverine fish species. This study, conducted between August 2006 and July 2007, revealed that fishers most predominantly used gear were the seine nets (42%) and the gill nets (28%). Other used gear include long lines (14%); fish baskets (9%) and weirs (7%). The selectivity of this fishing gear varied with the developmental stages of the fish to be caught. Non-selective gear caught both targeted and non-targeted species irrespective of size and development stages. The ranking of selective to non-selective fishing gear was the long lines, fish baskets, weirs, gill nets and beach nets at 2%, 11%, 16%, 24% and 32%, respectively. The non-selective fishing gear may have negative impacts on the riverine fish by reducing spawning biomass and lacustrine fish recruitment. These findings underscore the need for greater appreciation, research, and adaptation of appropriate fishing gear to ensure sustainable utilization of the riverine fisheries in Sondu-Miriu RiverDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v15i0.11301HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentVolume: 15, 2014, JulyPage: 82-86
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Tonkin, Zeb, Jarod Lyon, David S. L. Ramsey, Nick R. Bond, Graeme Hackett, Kyne Krusic-Golub, Brett A. Ingram e Stephen R. Balcombe. "Reservoir refilling enhances growth and recruitment of an endangered remnant riverine fish". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2014): 1888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0081.
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Rapid increases in native riverine fish populations associated with trophic upsurge immediately following reservoir construction are well documented. Repeated upsurge periods and extended benefits to populations are, however, less understood. We used sclerochronology to investigate fish growth and netting surveys to estimate recruitment and abundance of a lacustrine population of an Australian riverine fish, the Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica) in Lake Dartmouth. Record low inflows from 1997 to 2008 caused the reservoir to shrink to its lowest volume since construction. Refilling began in 2008, reaching 99% capacity in 2013. We hypothesized that fish growth, recruitment, and abundance would increase in response to the refilling of the lake, reproducing a similar response to the initial filling period. Our findings supported this hypothesis. Macquarie perch growth, recruitment, and abundance were enhanced during the refilling of Lake Dartmouth. Growth, best explained by the effects of dam height, change in dam height, temperature (and their interactions), and recruitment, were highest during the first years of refilling when lake levels and temperatures were low. We propose one or a combination of varying levels of intraspecific competition (low during initial filling and high following population expansion) and improved riverine conditions for reproductive success as the most plausible explanation. Our results suggest extended periods of low lake levels followed by rapid inundation events are likely to enhance recruitment and population growth opportunities for this species. While reservoir construction in general impacts negatively on native fish populations, the potential to offset these impacts for conservation management purposes should be considered.
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Matanzima, Joshua. "Large dams: long term impacts on riverine communities and free flowing rivers". Water International 45, n.º 7-8 (24 de agosto de 2020): 945–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2020.1808321.
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Ferreira, A. R. L., L. F. Sanches Fernandes, R. M. V. Cortes e F. A. L. Pacheco. "Assessing anthropogenic impacts on riverine ecosystems using nested partial least squares regression". Science of The Total Environment 583 (abril de 2017): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.106.
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Hurley, Tim, e Asit Mazumder. "Spatial scale of land-use impacts on riverine drinking source water quality". Water Resources Research 49, n.º 3 (março de 2013): 1591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20154.
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Narayanan, Anuska, Sagy Cohen e John R. Gardner. "Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin". Earth Surface Dynamics 12, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2024): 581–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024.
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Abstract. The Amazon experiences thousands of square kilometers of deforestation annually with recent rates increasing to levels unseen since the late 2000s. These increased rates of deforestation within the basin have led to changes in sediment concentration within its river systems, with potential impacts on ecological functioning, freshwater availability, and fluvial and coastal geomorphic processes. The relationship between deforestation and fluvial sediment dynamics in the Amazon has not been extensively studied using a basin-wide, comparative approach primarily due to lack of data. In this study, we utilize a novel remote-sensing-derived sediment concentration dataset to analyze the impact of deforestation from 2001 to 2020 on suspended sediment in large rivers (>50 m wide) across the Amazon River basin. These impacts are studied using a lag-based approach to quantify the spatiotemporal relationships between observed suspended sediment and changes in land cover over time. The results show that large-scale deforestation of the Amazon during the 2001–2020 period are associated with significant changes in sediment concentration in the eastern portion of the basin. In the heavily deforested eastern regions, the hydrogeomorphic response to deforestation occurs relatively rapidly (within a year), whereas the less disturbed western areas exhibit delays of 1 to 2 years before responses are observable. Moreover, we observe that deforestation must be substantial enough to overcome the collective influences of human activities and natural sediment variations to result in a discernible impact on sediment concentration in large rivers. In 69 % of Amazonian major tributary basins with an immediate response, more than 5 % of the basin was deforested during the 2001–2020 period, while in 85 % of basins with lagged responses, less than 5 % of the land was cleared. These findings suggest severe implications for future sediment dynamics across the Amazon if deforestation is to further expand into the basin.
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Rasset, Ethan J., Hae H. Kim, Ben C. Neely e Quinton E. Phelps. "Investigating the Fish Assemblages of the Neosho River System". Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2024 (29 de janeiro de 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5663254.
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Barrier presence in river systems has been demonstrated to impair fish assemblages. Low head dams specifically are frequently occurring barriers in riverine environments. Well-supported impacts of these structures on fishes include diminished movement, reproduction, and habitat availability. Longitudinal patterns in riverine fish assemblages have long been researched to ascertain dynamics and display interactions. The need for research becomes more critical when factoring in impacts of barriers and detrimental invasive species. Knowledge of fish assemblages can inform fisheries biologists and aid in improved management practices for recreational and ecologically important species, as well as invasive species. The Neosho River system in Kansas has 14 barriers present. Little fisheries sampling has been done in the Kansas portion of this river system from the John Redmond Dam to the Oklahoma border; therefore, sampling was conducted to inform questions posed about the fish assemblages. We sought to document the fish assemblages of the system in Kansas and examine for assemblage composition distinctions by geographic region along a longitudinal gradient. The fish assemblage dataset from this research generated a wealth of knowledge on sportfish infiltration from reservoirs, imperiled fishes, and apparent impacts from low-head dams. Information from this study will aid in future management and direct new research investigating imperiled fishes.
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Dudgeon, D. "An inventory of riverine biodiversity in monsoonal Asia: present status and conservation challenges". Water Science and Technology 45, n.º 11 (1 de junho de 2002): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0374.
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There are few parts of the planet where human impacts on riverine biodiversity are more apparent than in monsoonal Asia. Flow regulation, drainage-basin degradation and conversion of riverine wetlands to agriculture have been occurring for centuries, while pollution and over-harvesting have become important in recent decades. Concomitant species loss appears both ongoing and rampant. Uncertainty over rates of loss is imposed by the fact that the extremely rich biodiversity of Asian rivers has not been inventoried adequately. It is nevertheless evident that some taxa are gravely threatened. Specialist riverine birds have declined, turtles are highly endangered, and over-harvesting has severely impacted fishes - an effect that is exacerbated by pollution and flow regulation. A particular conflict that constrains biodiversity conservation is the tendency for dam construction, which damages river ecosystems, to produce tangible benefits for humans through hydropower generation and relief from floods and droughts. Resolution of such conflicts requires changes in perception: for instance, realistic economic valuations of the ecosystem goods and services provided by rivers, and promotion of flagship species as conservation icons to increase citizen awareness. Translation of awareness and knowledge to action, however, remains the essential prerequisite for societal commitment to the conservation of freshwater ecosystems.
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Macdonald, KF, M. Lund e E. vanEtten. "Riverine biota as environmental indicators of artisanal small-scale and large-scale gold mining impacts on riverine ecosystems in Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 413 (2 de janeiro de 2020): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/413/1/012014.
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McGrath, Jamie. "The Siege of Enniskillen Castle, 1594: An Object Lesson in Combat Across the Land-Water Interface". Marine Corps History 9, n.º 1 (28 de junho de 2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2023090101.
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The U.S. Marine Corps spent the years between the world wars developing a doctrine of opposed landings from the sea in an arena where the ocean provided the only maneuver space, but the opposed amphibious operation is not the province of ocean-borne amphibious assaults alone. The land-water interface impacts warfare well inland from the coast, and much can be learned from the application of riverine and lacustrine amphibious assaults found in history. One such example is the siege of Enniskillen Castle in Ireland in 1594. English operations at Enniskillen demonstrated the value of coordinated waterborne and land-based forces at the tactical level. Considering English lacustrine operations in the Irish Nine Years’ War (1593–1603) and U.S. riverine warfare experiences in the American Civil War and Vietnam War can inform Marine planners as they develop the tactics, techniques, and procedures of the Marine Littoral Regiments.
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Costa, Thayssa Duarte, e Heloísa Arruda Soares de Oliveira. "The impact of climate change on piracema and the sustainability of aquatic resources". Research, Society and Development 13, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2024): e5013244976. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i2.44976.
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The impact of climate change on piracema and the sustainability of aquatic resources are essential topics in riverine conservation. Piracema refers to the reproductive period of fish, during which they masse migrate to specific locations for spawning. Thus, climatic variations altering environmental conditions directly affect this vital cycle. This study addresses the implications of these changes, emphasizing the vulnerability of the mentioned phenomenon and delineating its repercussions on aquatic biodiversity. Through scientific articles and academic works, it was analyzed that temperature elevation, irregular rainfall patterns, and extreme climatic events can compromise the migration and successful reproduction of fish. Therefore, conservation strategies, including community engagement, infrastructure adaptation, and continuous scientific research, are essential to mitigate these impacts. The sustainability of aquatic resources depends on a delicate balance between preserving piracema and active participation in adaptive management, fostering a healthy coexistence between riverine ecosystems and human communities.
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Benansio, John Sebit, Gift Simon Demaya, Daniele Dendi e Luca Luiselli. "Attacks by Nile Crocodiles (<i>Crocodylus niloticus</i>) on Humans and Livestock in the Sudd Wetlands, South Sudan". Russian Journal of Herpetology 29, n.º 4 (2 de setembro de 2022): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2022-29-4-199-205.
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Nile Crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus, are widespread along the riverine systems and wetlands of East Africa, and may locally be involved into serious conflicts with local human communities. A research study was conducted to investigate Human-Crocodiles Conflicts (HCC) and its impacts on lives and livelihoods of local communities in the Sudd Wetlands in South Sudan (East Africa). The methodology involved face-to-face interviews and structured questionnaire to fishers and other persons from riverine communities. The questionnaire focused on (i) numbers of attacks by Nile Crocodiles on humans and livestock, (ii) months of attacks, (iii) locations of attacks, and (iv) activity of victims at the time of attacks, from 2018 to 2020. The majority of the interviewees responded that Nile Crocodiles do represent a serious threat to their lives: a total of 23 persons were attacked and killed by crocodiles between 2018 and 2020, with 100% of the attacks to humans being fatal. In addition, 166 heads of livestock were killed during the same period, and a total of 355 livestock were attacked (most of them escaped the attack). The present study revealed that the peak season of attacks by crocodiles was the dry season (October – March), and that there is urgent need of environmental education and awareness for local riverine communities in order to minimize the intensity of the HCC in South Sudan.
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SHIRASAKA, Koudai, Kei NUKAZAWA e Yoshihiro SUZUKI. "IMPACTS OF DAM-INDUCED HYDROLOGIC ALTERATION ON RIVERINE ECOSYSTEM IN THE MIMI RIVER". Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. G (Environmental Research) 74, n.º 5 (2018): I_139—I_146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejer.74.i_139.
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Tong, Yindong, Long Chen, Jie Chi, Gengchong Zhen, Qianggong Zhang, Ruonan Wang, Ruihua Yao, Wei Zhang e Xuejun Wang. "Riverine nitrogen loss in the Tibetan Plateau and potential impacts of climate change". Science of The Total Environment 553 (maio de 2016): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.099.
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Strand, Mac, e Richard W. Merritt. "Impacts of Livestock Grazing Activities on Stream Insect Communities and the Riverine Environment". American Entomologist 45, n.º 1 (1999): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/45.1.13.
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Schwartzman, Stephan, André Villas Boas, Katia Yukari Ono, Marisa Gesteira Fonseca, Juan Doblas, Barbara Zimmerman, Paulo Junqueira et al. "The natural and social history of the indigenous lands and protected areas corridor of the Xingu River basin". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, n.º 1619 (5 de junho de 2013): 20120164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0164.
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The 280 000 km² Xingu indigenous lands and protected areas (ILPAs) corridor, inhabited by 24 indigenous peoples and about 215 riverine (ribeirinho) families, lies across active agriculture frontiers in some of the historically highest-deforestation regions of the Amazon. Much of the Xingu is anthropogenic landscape, densely inhabited and managed by indigenous populations over the past millennium. Indigenous and riverine peoples' historical management and use of these landscapes have enabled their long-term occupation and ultimately their protection. The corridor vividly demonstrates how ILPAs halt deforestation and why they may account for a large part of the 70 per cent reduction in Amazon deforestation below the 1996–2005 average since 2005. However, ongoing and planned dams, road paving, logging and mining, together with increasing demand for agricultural commodities, continued degradation of upper headwaters outside ILPA borders and climate change impacts may render these gains ephemeral. Local peoples will need new, bottom-up, forms of governance to gain recognition for the high social and biological diversity of these territories in development policy and planning, and finance commensurate with the value of their ecosystem services. Indigenous groups' reports of changing fire and rainfall regimes may themselves evidence climate change impacts, a new and serious threat.
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Taylor, CB, JA Nyman e MK La Peyre. "Nekton community dynamics within active and inactive deltas in a major river estuary: potential implications for altered hydrology regimes". Aquatic Biology 31 (24 de fevereiro de 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00748.
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High fisheries production within estuaries is associated with coastal upwelling, tidal mixing, and land-based runoff facing increasing impacts from climate and human activities. Active river deltas receive large riverine inflows compared to inactive river deltas, providing contrasting estuaries to compare impacts of river inflow on estuarine nekton. We quantified nekton assemblages and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of commercially important blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 within an active and inactive delta in coastal Louisiana to explore the impacts of differing riverine inflow. Crustaceans dominated estuarine assemblages, differing only by season and not delta type, with summer and fall supporting highest densities. Fish density and assemblages differed by the interaction of season and delta due to differences during the 2019 record high spring river inflow. During this period, the active delta supported reduced fish densities and richness compared to the inactive delta. Nekton densities across deltas and seasons reflect a combination of species life history characteristics and habitat conditions. The high spring river discharge in 2019 impacted habitat availability (reduced presence of submerged aquatic vegetation), water conditions (decreased temperature and salinity), and potentially displaced nekton to unsampled habitat areas (i.e. interior marsh surface) within the active delta. While differences in nekton density and assemblages were only evident during the high spring river discharge, δ15N values of blue crabs were approximately 1.5 times higher in the active delta, potentially indicating more terrestrial influence. Understanding how altered inflow impacts environmental variables supporting estuarine nekton production remains critical for supporting management within these hydrologically managed regions.
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Yan, Tiezhu, Jianwen Bai, Han Bao, Qiuliang Lei, Xinzhong Du, Limei Zhai e Hongbin Liu. "Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Input and Its Relationship with Riverine Nitrogen Flux in a Typical Irrigated Area of China Based on an Improved NANI Budgeting Model". Water 15, n.º 2 (9 de janeiro de 2023): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15020276.
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Excessive nitrogen (N) inputs from human activities in the watershed have resulted in water quality deterioration and other biological hazards. It is therefore critical to fully understand the anthropogenic N inputs and their potential impacts on regional water quality. In this study, a modified net anthropogenic nitrogen input (NANI) budgeting model considering the irrigation N input was developed and applied to investigate spatial–temporal variations of anthropogenic N inputs and their relationship with riverine N flux from 2005 to 2019 in a semi-arid irrigated watershed, Ulansuhai Nur watershed (UNW), China. The results showed that the annual average anthropogenic N inputs reached 14,048.0 kg N km−2 yr−1 without a significant temporal change trend. Chemical N fertilizer was the major contributor for watershed NANI and accounted for 75.3% of total NANI. Hotspots for N inputs were located in the central part of the watershed. In this study, watershed NANI does not have a significant regression relationship with riverine N export during the study period. Riverine N export showed an obvious decreased trend, which mainly was attributed to human activities. In addition, approximately 1.92% of NANI was delivered into the water body. Additionally, the N inputs into the watershed by the irrigation water accounted for 9.9% of total NANI. This study not only expands the application range of the NANI model in irrigated watersheds, but also provides useful information for watershed N management strategies.
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Benyon, Richard G., S. Theiveyanathan e Tanya M. Doody. "Impacts of tree plantations on groundwater in south-eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Botany 54, n.º 2 (2006): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05046.
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In some regions dependent on groundwater, such as the lower south-east of South Australia in the Green Triangle, deep-rooted, woody vegetation might have undesirable hydrological impacts by competing for finite, good-quality groundwater resources. In other regions, such as the Riverina in south-central New South Wales, where rising watertables and associated salinisation is threatening the viability of agriculture, woody vegetation might have beneficial hydrological impacts. In response to a growing need to better understand the impacts of tree plantations on groundwater, annual evapotranspiration and transpiration were measured at 21 plantation sites in the Green Triangle and the Riverina. Sources of tree water uptake from rainfall and groundwater were determined by measurements of evapotranspiration and soil water over periods of 2–5 years. In the Green Triangle, under a combination of permeable soil over groundwater of low salinity (<2000 mg L–1) at 6-m depth or less, in a highly transmissive aquifer, annual evapotranspiration at eight research sites in Pinus radiata D.Don and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantations averaged 1090 mm year–1 (range 847–1343 mm year–1), compared with mean annual precipitation of 630 mm year–1. These plantation sites used groundwater at a mean annual rate of 435 mm year–1 (range 108–670 mm year–1). At eight other plantation sites that had greater depth to the watertable or a root-impeding layer, annual evapotranspiration was equal to, or slightly less than, annual rainfall (mean 623 mm year–1, range 540–795 mm year–1). In the Riverina, where groundwater was always present within 3 m of the surface, Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden trees at three sites with medium or heavy clay, alkaline, sodic, saline subsoils used little or no groundwater, whereas E. grandis and Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D.Hill and L.A.S.Johnson trees at a site with a neutral sandy soil and groundwater of low salinity used 380 and 730 mm year–1 of groundwater (respectively 41 and 53% of total annual evapotranspiration). We conclude that commonly grown Eucalyptus species and P. radiata are able to use groundwater under a combination of light- or medium-textured soil and shallow depth to a low-salinity watertable.
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Vert, Cristina, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Mireia Gascon, James Grellier, Lora E. Fleming, Mathew P. White e David Rojas-Rueda. "Health Benefits of Physical Activity Related to An Urban Riverside Regeneration". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 3 (5 de fevereiro de 2019): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030462.
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The promotion of physical activity through better urban design is one pathway by which health and well-being improvements can be achieved. This study aimed to quantify health and health-related economic impacts associated with physical activity in an urban riverside park regeneration project in Barcelona, Spain. We used data from Barcelona local authorities and meta-analysis assessing physical activity and health outcomes to develop and apply the “Blue Active Tool”. We estimated park user health impacts in terms of all-cause mortality, morbidity (ischemic heart disease; ischemic stroke; type 2 diabetes; cancers of the colon and breast; and dementia), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and health-related economic impacts. We estimated that 5753 adult users visited the riverside park daily and performed different types of physical activity (walking for leisure or to/from work, cycling, and running). Related to the physical activity conducted on the riverside park, we estimated an annual reduction of 7.3 deaths (95% CI: 5.4; 10.2), and 6.2 cases of diseases (95% CI: 2.0; 11.6). This corresponds to 11.9 DALYs (95% CI: 3.4; 20.5) and an annual health-economic impact of 23.4 million euros (95% CI: 17.2 million; 32.8 million). The urban regeneration intervention of this riverside park provides health and health-related economic benefits to the population using the infrastructure.
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Devi, Maharabam Anjali, e Lunghim Rongmei. "Impacts of Sand and Gravel Quarrying on the Stream Channel and Surrounding Environment". Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 4, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v4i1.236.
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The longtime sustainability of river channel in the natural process depends on the gradient, volume of water, sediment supply and deposition in the river. Naturally, rivers maintain balance of river channel in all stage of the cycle of erosion. However, human activity mainly sand and gravel mining frequently disturb the balance that has much impact on the river morphology. The Imphal River between Motbung to Awang Leikinthabi is one of the worse sand and gravel-querying regions in Manipur. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to assess the impacts of querying on riverine landform and surrounding environment by using Remote Sensing and GIS.