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1
Bruce, Mildred Davis. "The Richmond School Board and the desegregation of Richmond public schools, 1954 to 1971". W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618866.
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The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret the desegregation process in a southern city through an examination of the issues faced by the local school board and its response to these issues, in order to gain knowledge about the implementation of a federal policy at the local level.;The city of Richmond, Virginia, was chosen for this study because of its former role as capital of the southern Confederacy and its present role as the capital of the state of Virginia, a leader in the South's resistance to the Brown decision. as a city with a large black population, desegregation of schools was a major concern over a twenty-year period of time.;The case study method was used, using primary sources to describe the desegregation process and the Board's role. Some secondary and some primary sources were used to develop the historical background needed to provide a framework for analyzing and interpreting the events from 1954 to 1971. A brief comparison with the desegregation process in San Francisco served to validate the Richmond experience.;It was concluded that the implementation of a federal policy at the local level is affected by a variety of factors. Resistance to the implementation of a policy will be strongest when it is at variance with local traditions and if it threatens the local power structure. Compliance is achieved more readily through strong leadership, widespread support for change, and cooperative efforts among the branches of government to bring about compliance.;Further case studies of the implementation of other federal policies would be valuable in order to see if the conclusions are valid in all circumstances or if they apply only when a sweeping social change, such as desegregation, is called for.
2
Brown, David Andrew. "Nathaniel Richmond (1724-1784) : 'gentleman improver'". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342565.
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3
Jordan, Rachel. "Transit Access Equity in Richmond, VA". VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5772.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the extent of public transit access equity issues in Richmond, VA. The City of Richmond has an established public transportation network system, and the thesis explores the level of access for urban residents to use existing public transportation services. Technologies and programs have begun to emerge across the United States to help solve transit accessibility challenges. The thesis assesses the level of transit access equity that exists in Richmond and introduces technologies and services that could help improve accessibility and equity. The thesis uses a mixed methods approach that will consist of accessibility and equity measures, Geographic Information System (GIS), and key informant interviews.
4
Bernard, Claude J. "Plan d'aménagement du parc Gouin de Richmond". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8256.
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Depuis maintenant plusieurs années, on observe au Québec une augmentation de la popularité des activités de plein air reliées au milieu naturel. Cette augmentation peut s'expliquer par divers facteurs, parmi lesquels la conscientisation des gens face à l'environnement qui les entoure occupe une part importante. Cet engouement pour les activités en milieu naturel est bien plus qu'une simple mode passagère. En effet, les prochaines années connaîtront vraisemblablement une augmentation des superficies affectées à l'aménagement des parcs et des espaces verts dans les agglomérations urbaines. C'est dans ce contexte que s'inscrit ce document. Le plan d'aménagement du parc Gouin se veut un outil de planification destiné à favoriser la pratique d'activités de plein air en milieu naturel. Il propose diverses interventions, dont chacune a son utilité propre. L'ensemble des propositions permettra une utilisation harmonieuse du patrimoine naturel du parc. Le document comporte six parties. La première aborde le cadre de l'étude, soit l'implication de la ville de Richmond face au développement du parc. La seconde partie constitue une étude de terrain, suivit, en troisième lieu, de l'analyse des potentiels et des contraintes d'aménagement. La quatrième partie expose les orientations du parc, qui constituent les lignes directrices de développement. On retrouve le plan concept du parc en cinquième partie et finalement, la dernière partie décrit les différents aménagements à réaliser.
5
VanValkenburg, Schuyler. "Defying Labels: Richmond NOW’s Multi-Generational Dynamism". VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2203.
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In the late 1960s a group of women became interested in forming a chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in Richmond. These women, led by Zelda Nordlinger and Holt Carlton, followed a pragmatic, big-tent approach to women’s activism. This ideological and tactical openness defies traditional historical labels as these women fluidly moved through organizations and tactics in order to gain a stronger local following. Richmond’s NOW chapter, while staying attuned to the national organization’s platform, remained relatively autonomous and parochial in its tactics and pursuits. Further, Richmond NOW showed a marked change around 1974 with an influx of newer women into the organization. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) struggle provided the local movement with new prominence. With the interjection of new blood the chapter saw a shift in its tactics and policy. The newer cohort of women maintained a belief in a pragmatic, big-tent approach; however, they interpreted it differently. The chapter became more procedural and organizationally based. It also narrowed its focus and tactics, seeing the first generation’s free-wheeling style as a hindrance to organizational success. The different political experiences of these two cohorts led to different visions of Richmond’s NOW chapter.
6
Modesitt, Tucker L. "Confederate Richmond: A City's Call to Arms". VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3689.
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This work mainly focuses on putting the laborers of the Richmond Armory and the Tredegar Iron Works into the context of Civil War Richmond by focusing on their skills, backgrounds, and loyalties throughout the conflict. It highlights the similarities and differences between the two institutions and the legacies that they left behind in the years following the war. It also sheds light on some of the problems facing the Confederacy during the course of the war and its struggle to procure arms.
7
Bradshaw, Rachel M. "Tiffany Windows in Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia". VCU Scholars Compass, 1997. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4389.
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Louis Comfort Tiffany began his career as a painter in the 1860's, illustrating his love of color and nature through genre scenes and landscapes. Unfulfilled as a painter he established a successful interior design firm, L. C. Tiffany and Associated Artists, designing interiors for America's rich and elite, all the while trying to bring his vision of beauty within their reach. He is greatest remembered by his contributions to the industry of colored glass and the development of Tiffany Studios. Inspired by the colors in the stained glass windows of the twelfth and thirteenth century and by the lack of quality glass available to American glass artisans during the close of the nineteenth century, Tiffany devoted his life to the development of new colors, textures and patterns in glass and techniques in leading of windows. His salesmanship, desire to meet the needs of his clients, as well as his reputation for being a perfectionist helped him to create colored glass windows with subjects ranging from purely decorative to religious and mythological imagery and landscapes for churches, businesses, and homes in the fifty states and many countries abroad. The cities of Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia house over fifty Tiffany Windows in their churches and cemeteries. Much of the documentation on these windows is limited or lost consisting of mainly brief mentions in Vestry and Session Minutes. A major find was the discovery of an original black and white drawing of one of these windows. This paper will discuss these findings in order to document, catalog, describe and analyze these windows.
8
Aughenbaugh, John M. "An explanation of declining voter turnout : the case of Richmond, Virginia, 1880-1913 /". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020048/.
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9
Blanchard, Kelly Zane. "Urban Retreat". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32259.
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10
McKinnon, Mona Claire. "A study of Vancouver-Richmond meals-on-wheels". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26002.
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Little is known about Meals-on-Wheels organizations, though they exist in many western countries.
The purpose of this study is to examine the Vancouver-Richmond Meals-on-Wheels service as an organization and from that examination to provide information about clients, volunteers, staff, and organizational management.
The literature was searched for guidance on the concept of Meals-on-Wheels. Was there any definition of an ideal organization? Similarly, discussions with government officials in the Province of British Columbia were conducted to determine what they thought this organization might contribute to the province's social support services. The prescriptions were vague and it was found that many assumptions were made. It seemed that organization theory might help to expose the gaps in these prescriptions.
An examination of the organization by observation, interviews, use of secondary data for client profiles, questionnaires for volunteers, and interviews of present clients led to the development of a descriptive account which was arranged using a model developed by Donabedian to assess the quality of patient care, namely, inputs, process, structure, and outcomes. It became clear that organizational theory might assist in diagnosis of some managerial problems as the findings showed that client turnover was high. Analysis of available data had shown the clients to be in the category of "old, old," fairly evenly distributed throughout the area, and self-referred. Those volunteers who responded to a questiononaire were long-term, reasonably satisfied, and strongly committed. The clients interviewed were unstinting in their praise for the volunteers and appreciative of the service. They were dissatisfied with certain aspects of the food and their lack of opportunity for input into this aspect of Meals-on-Wheels. The employees found it difficult to communicate with the investigator and with other important community representatives. Internal and external relationships seemed to be tense.
It seemed that by developing a prescription for "best practices" for a Meals-on-Wheels organization working in this context, comparisons of the existing organization with this prescription might assist with the diagnosis of managerial problems and lead to identification of possible remedies. This course was followed.Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
11
Straka, Alena Vera. "Suburban elderly transportation : case study of Richmond, B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28683.
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This thesis was undertaken to examine the travel characteristics and transportation difficulties of independent-living elderly residing in suburban areas. The underlying intent of the research was to test the following hypothesis: although many independent-living elderly may own cars, they would prefer to use public transit, particularly demand-responsive public transit, provided it satisfied their travel requirements and public transport expectations. An examination of existing literature on the travel habits, mobility constraints, and public transportation expectations of the elderly revealed the following:
1. The number of older people in Canada is increasing dramatically, particularly in suburban areas.
2. Adequate transportation is essential to the physical, social, and psychological well-being of the elderly.
3. Elderly individuals residing in the suburbs are faced with certain inevitable transportation difficulties as a result of their residential location.
4. Demand-responsive transportation systems appear to most effectively increase the mobility of those seniors inadequately served by public transit and with little or no access to a private vehicle.
5. The co-existence of a demand-responsive transport system and a public transit system within a suburban area would satisfy both the transportation needs of the elderly and those of their younger counterparts.
The primary research task involved an exploratory survey of eighty-five Richmond independent-living elderly residents. Their travel habits, auto availability, reliance upon existing modes of public transportation, and difficulties encountered with the existing public transit system were ascertained through a self-administered questionnaire. Survey findings revealed most of the elderly to be fairly active and social. The majority carried out their daily errands sometime between 9 am and 4 pm, mainly within Richmond. Many relied upon their own vehicle for transportation and reported experiencing either no difficulty or only occasional difficulty in getting about. Car ownership rates were lower for the late-elderly respondents than the early-elderly, and the former age group also reported greater mobility difficulties. Overall, the sample was comprised of fairly agile and mobile seniors, most of whom were still quite capable of using the same public transportation systems as the rest of the suburban population.
Planners responsible for the provision of transportation for suburban elderly residents should be aware of the following major conclusions drawn from this thesis:
1. Most of the elderly car-owners surveyed preferred their own car over the use of public transit, regardless of whether or not existing public transportation systems were to be modified to better satisfy their needs.
2. The dramatic growth rate of individuals 75 years and over will inevitably lead to an overall increase in demand for public transportation, with a particularly large increase in demand for the existing HandyDART custom transit service.
3. Dependence upon public transportation by increasing numbers of suburban elderly females is expected to become much greater in the future.
4. The provision of an exclusive demand-responsive transit service for the elderly in Richmond is evidently not necessary.
5. Although the existence of public transportation along major routes within Richmond heading to downtown Vancouver appears to be plentiful, transit service on some of the routes running east to west throughout the municipality is apparently inadequate.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
12
Casey, Erin E. "The Richmond Maker Museum: The Evolution of Process". VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3839.
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The Richmond Maker Museum is a working museum design, offering an inside look at past achievements, juxtaposed with the unlimited future possibilities of an evolving, active maker culture. It is a dynamic place designed to allow makers to showcase skills, take risks, engage the public, and grow their craft in real time. The museum displays finished pieces, introduces makers, demonstrates the processes they employ in their work, and invites the community to meet the artisans who, through skill, ingenuity, and hard work, make the artifacts on display. This type of educational museum experience does not currently exist on this scale in Richmond. While other local museums invite visiting artists and offer lectures, the Richmond Maker Museum takes interaction to a new level, introducing visitors to the routines and procedures of each artisan’s daily practice.
Maker culture is a tightly woven network of craftsmen—woodworkers, metalworkers, glassblowers, etc. It celebrates traditional fabrication techniques, while also introducing modern technologies such as laser cutting and three-dimensional printing. The social and educational aspects of the maker movement have created a revolution, revitalizing public appreciation for the role of the maker and the importance of craftsmanship.
13
Newton, Steven H. "Joseph E Johnston and the defense of Richmond". W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623789.
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This study examines Confederate military operations in Virginia from February 17-May 31, 1862, focusing specifically on the role of Joseph E. Johnston as commander of the Department of Northern Virginia. It includes a detailed consideration of Confederate grand strategy, Johnston's withdrawal from the Potomac River, the redeployment of the army to Yorktown, the siege of Yorktown, and the Battles of Williamsburg and Seven Pines.;In February, 1862, following the surrender of Fort Donelson, President Jefferson Davis reoriented strategy in Virginia from a defense of the frontiers to a closer defense of Richmond; he also recalled General Robert E. Lee from South Carolina to coordinate that defense. But the strategic concepts of Davis, Lee, and Joseph Johnston (the senior field commander in Virginia) often differed a great deal, leading to confrontation and discord.;This study concentrates on following Johnston's point of view during the campaign, especially on his role as a field army commander. The conclusion suggests that Johnston was a superior strategist, administrator, and operational commander, but suffered from serious deficiencies as in tactical supervision of his own subordinates and an inability to deal tactfully with his superiors.
14
Henne, Meredith Margaret. ""Miraculously Saved": Richmond and the 1811 Theater Fire". W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626537.
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15
Craddock, Hannah Catherine. "Black Female Landowners in Richmond, Virginia 1850-1877". W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626697.
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16
Newcomb, David Ray. "Land-Use in Richmond, Virginia, 1880, 1910, 1940". W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625555.
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17
Shaffer, Wade Lee. "The Richmond Junto and politics in Jacksonian Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623830.
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This dissertation offers the first full-length study of the Richmond Junto and its role in shaping politics in Virginia between 1815 and 1845. The Junto led the Jacksonian movement in Virginia and worked successfully to keep the state allied with the Democratic party of andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren until the early 1840s. The Junto represented an influential force in Virginia politics during this transitional period, and to a certain extent this small group of men, led by Thomas Ritchie, Peter V. Daniel, andrew Stevenson, William H. Roane, and Richard E. Parker, epitomized the state's response to the turbulent events of the era. its actions were expressive of the way in which Virginians chose to come to terms with the changes in American politics and society during the Age of Jackson.;The Junto's course was marked by ambivalence. It sought, for instance, to preserve both the rights of the states and a strong federal Union, and to revive Virginia's influence at the national level without compromising the state's political principles. to achieve these goals, the group consistently articulated a traditional states' rights position, but also moved to adopt the modern features of the second party system. This strategy produced mixed results. The Junto managed to maintain influence in the state for nearly three decades, and Virginia never cast its presidential ballot for a Whig candidate. at the same time, bitter factionalism and violent partisan debate came to characterize Virginia politics in the years after 1832.;The goal of this study is to reveal the pivotal role played by the Richmond Junto in defining and shaping political debate in Jacksonian Virginia. It offers an analysis of the group's political ideology and its methods of operation, as well as a discussion of the Junto's objectives, accomplishments, and failures.
18
Crowe, Mary Ellen. "Rediscovering Reeveston Place : an examination of the history and architecture of the Richmond, Indiana neighborhood as a case study from the American suburban movement". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1167624.
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Reeveston Place is a neighborhood located on the southeast side of Richmond, Indiana. All of Richmond's National Register residential areas contain examples of the popular architectural styles of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Reeveston, however, is a unique Richmond neighborhood because its plan and development were primarily influenced by the trends and styles of the early and mid-twentieth century.Economic and cultural influences before, between and after both world wars, and the impact of the automobile were factors that made Reeveston an area different from its predecessors. Building activity occurred in the neighborhood for nearly a half-century, and the result is an eclectic mix of architectural styles. As it grew, Reeveston was primarily a neighborhood for the upper-middle class and upper-class citizens of Richmond, and several prominent architects were employed to design the houses. Reeveston's historical and architectural significance warrant its consideration for inclusion in the National Register.Department of Architecture
19
Culhane, Kerri Elizabeth. ""The Fifth Avenue of Richmond": The Development of the 800 and 900 Blocks of West Franklin Street, Richmond, Virginia, 1855-1925". VCU Scholars Compass, 1997. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4078.
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The 800 and 900 blocks of West Franklin Street, Richmond , Virginia were developed during the period of 1855 to 1925. As a result, manifested on these two blocks are important examples of late-Victorian and early twentieth-century American architecture. The predominance of the Second Empire and Richardsonian Romanesque styles indicate that this neighborhood experienced the most intensive building campaign during the 1880s and 1890s. This development corresponds to the period of economic recovery experienced in Richmond after the Reconstruction. Though Richmond suffered economically due to its geographical and political position during and immediately following the Civil War (1861-65), the post-Reconstruction economic recovery made possible financial success for a small number of enterprising Richmonders. Tobacco, trade, and manufacturing were the leading occupations of the financially successful. The original residents of West Franklin Street and their homes are evidence of this prosperity. Roughly one quarter made their fortunes in tobacco, one quarter in manufacturing, one quarter were merchants of one type of another, and the balance were independent business men, lawyers, stockbrokers, and real estate developers. These successful Richmonders chose to erect monuments to their success in the homes they commissioned from local and nationally known architects, builders, and craftspeople. This thesis charts the pattern of social, aesthetic, and architectural development by identifying the patrons, architects, contractors, and craftspeople who built the 800 and 900 blocks of West Franklin Street.
The 800 and 900 blocks of West Franklin Street, comprised in a National Register Historic District, are now largely owned by the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU). In 1925, the school began acquiring the old residences and remodelling them into dormitories and classrooms, eventually acquiring 34 out of 42 of the extant original buildings. Consequently, VCU now owns a major intact collection of architectural and historical merit. Though VCU has commissioned master plans and architectural guidelines to guide the development of the growing university, there are no specific guidelines for the maintenance and treatment of the historic buildings. The adoption of and adherence to a university-wide preservation plan is proposed in order to protect this unique and important district.
20
Wagg, Phyllis Christena. "Families in transition, Richmond County, Nova Scotia, 1871-1901". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24764.pdf.
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21
Berler, Anne Karen. ""Unconquerable defiance" : Richmond newspapers and Confederate defeat, 1864-1865 /". Available to VCU users at:, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1378.
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22
Saechao, Laiseng. "Untold Narratives: Refugee Experiences from Laos to Richmond, California". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/722.
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Untold Narratives: A Refugee Experience from Laos to Richmond, California is focused on the Mien refugee experience from Laos to Richmond, California. This thesis highlights the ways Cold War politics, the Secret War, and heavy industrialization have impacted Mien communities who have been displaced from their homelands into refugee camps, and again through sponsorship into the United States. This thesis looks at political theories that discuss inequalities that exist, particularly through environmental degradation and negative health impacts that Mien refugees are experiencing in their resettlement into Richmond, California. Due to the limited scholarly articles and documented narratives that are available in regards to Mien experiences, interviews were conducted to highlight the stories and experiences of Mien refugees paired with a historical background of their journey from China, to Laos, and to Richmond. Even in the face of so much struggle and hardship, many Mien people have been resilient and been successful in building community and fighting for justice.
23
Almeida, Berkley S. "A GIS Assessment of Urban Sprawl in Richmond, Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33264.
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In the United States, the urban sprawl debate has closely paralleled urban growth trends over the past few decades. Many studies indicate that it is the pattern, density, and rate of new urban growth that create the appearance of sprawl. Population dynamics are often cited as a driving force behind urban sprawl. This thesis uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and land cover change analysis, neighborhood statistics, community surveying, key-informant interviews with planners and developers, and planning documents to measure sprawl. The study area includes the jurisdictions that comprise the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) of Richmond (The City of Richmond, Chesterfield County, Hanover County, and Henrico County). Urban land cover increased by one-fourth, from approximately 559 square kilometers to approximately 746 square kilometers from 1992 to 2001. Over the nine year time period, population within The City of Richmond decreased from 203,056 in 1990 to 197,790 in 2000, while Chesterfield, Henrico, and Hanover Counties increased in population from 1990 to 2001.
Until the early part of the 20th century, cities in the United States experienced dramatic densification as industry set up shop in the city and workers flocked there in large numbers to claim jobs. As population grew and technology became more advanced, many people left rural farming areas to settle near industrialized urban core areas. This allowed the population to earn more money and with the introduction of cheap transportation in the form of the automobile, suburbanization began to take place. With more cars came the need for more roads. With more roads came more opportunities for people and employment to move away from the city into rural areas, thereby setting up communities which some refer to as sprawling developments. GIS maps suburbanization in the form of urban land cover, transportation networks, and population densities within and outside core urban areas over any given time period in order to assess trends in urban growth.
This study analyzes urban land cover data as well as interviews with local developers and planning documentation to understand development trends in Richmond from 1992 to 2001. These dates reflect the availability of National Land Cover Data (NLCD), which I reclassified in the GIS to show only those classes that represent urbanized land. I then compared the two years to show the level of urban growth over the nine year time period. Next, I analyze patterns of urban expansion by using mapping capabilities within the GIS and neighborhood statistics in order to show the density and connectivity of patches of new growth. Based on the density and connectivity of new growth areas, I classify patterns as one of three types of sprawl: linear along highways, cluster, and leapfrog. My threshold densities are; 0 to 400 30 meter pixels per square kilometer for low density, 401 to 700 for medium density, and 701 to 1200 for high density. I also interviewed local developers and planners to gauge their opinions on the issue of urban sprawl versus urban growth. Developers do not see themselves as contributors to sprawl while planners see their roles as buffers between unfettered growth and market forces. The results indicate that the Richmond MSA did experience an increase in urban land from 1992 to 2001 and that urban growth in the study area can be classified as urban sprawl with the use of GIS mapping, neighborhood statistics, and analysis of jurisdictional planning documentation coupled with interviews with developers, land owners, and local planners. The density of new development is greatest in Henrico and Chesterfield, but the pattern and character with which development has occurred in Hanover is synonymous with sprawl. Sprawl is also facilitated by inexpensive land with available infrastructure (water, sewer lines).Master of Science
24
Wagner, Matthew David. "richmond local arts museum; urban identity: recognition through transformation". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33689.
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the richmond local arts museum is a vehicle to investigate a thesis concentrated on correcting the identity of a place that is lost in history. an intentional interruption to the â historicâ context of richmond will transform the city. richmondâ s connection to the civil war will soon be diluted, as it will quickly gain recognition for its progressive actions, through the emergence of a new art and architecture.Master of Architecture
25
Key, Leslee. "From Desegregation to Desexigration in Richmond, Virginia, 1954-1973". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2603.
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This investigation explores the relationships and experiences in the urban community that connected black and white women to understand the complexities of Jim Crow, its breakdown, and the subsequent expansion of female activism in Richmond, Virginia. By examining the South’s famous department stores, Thalhimers and Miller & Rhoads, this research attempts to focus on female-created and female-oriented spaces within downtown Richmond, from 1954 until 1973, and draws a line from the Thalhimer boycott staged by African-American women in 1961 to the sit-in performed by white women in the Thalhimers male-only soup bar in 1970. Historical context is developed to show changing patterns surrounding racism and gender roles during the 1950s and 1960s within urban space, particularly department stores. The changes made within white and black women’s organizations, such as the YWCA, alongside these downtown stores, supplied important social and employment opportunities for women in the community and throughout the state, and influenced women of different cultures and races. The formation of multi-racial female coalitions within areas of employment set the stage for the formation of the women’s Movement in Richmond as women displayed subtle forms of feminist activism within the conservative environment of the Commonwealth.
26
Gammon, Denise. "The Road Beyond Suffrage: Female Activism in Richmond, Virginia". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2749.
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This thesis focuses on the continued activism in the YWCA, the Equal Suffrage League and the League of Women Voters after 1920. The work examines the uses of motherhood, social religion, race and traditions as tools for activism and compares the YWCA to the Equal Suffrage League and League of Women Voters after 1920. The date range is roughly from 1915 to 1925.
27
Johnson-Hart, Lallen Tyrone. "Residential Outcomes of HOPE VI Relocatees in Richmond, VA". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1413.
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In 1997 the Richmond Redevelopment and Housing Authority received a HOPE VI grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in the amount of $26.9 million to revitalize the Blackwell scattered site public housing community. The mixed income approach of HOPE VI calls for a reduction of public housing units, thus requiring all households to relocate to other neighborhoods. This research analyzed socioeconomic data to examine the relocation of households, assess whether they moved to better neighborhoods, and compare them to other poor households. Over half of all households moved to other distressed neighborhoods in the Northside, East End, and Southside sections of Richmond. While voucher households moved to better neighborhoods, public housing households appeared to move to neighborhoods of similar and worse quality than Blackwell. Overall, relocated households moved to less stable communities than other poor households. Research suggests that a regional approach is needed to open suburban housing options to low-income families in order to effectively deconcentrate poverty.
28
Berler, Anne K. "Unconquerable Defiance: Richmond Newspapers and Confederate Defeat, 1864-1865". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/719.
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This thesis describes and analyses how the Richmond press operated as a propaganda machine during the final year of the Civil War. It argues that the newspapers of the Confederate capital regularly exploited the propaganda value of the news they reported, employing methods including distortion of facts and libelous personal attacks. They displayed a seemingly total disregard for veracity in their zeal to convince their readership that the cause was not lost, and created a false picture of the real situation to a population which was war-weary and desperate for reassurance that victory was still possible. Defeats were minimized and even the tiniest victory in the most insignificant skirmish was magnified. When the Northern army began its strategy of hard war, the Richmond press seized on that to help create a demonized portrait of the Yankee and the North.
29
Carpenter, Lee Wyatt. "Valuing Natural Space and Landscape Fragmentation in Richmond, VA". VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4645.
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Hedonic pricing methods and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) were used to evaluate relationships between sale price of single family homes and landscape fragmentation and natural land cover. Spatial regression analyses found that sale prices increase as landscapes become less fragmented and the amount of natural land cover around a home increases. The projected growth in population and employment in the Richmond, Virginia region and subsequent increases in land development and landscape fragmentation presents a challenge to sustaining intact healthy ecosystems in the Richmond region. Spatial regression analyses helped illuminate how land cover patterns influence sale prices and landscape patterns that are economically and ecologically advantageous.
30
Bright, Eric W. ""Nothing to Fear from the Influence of Foreigners:" The Patriotism of Richmond's German-Americans during the Civil War". Thesis, Online version, 1999. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-041999-151726/.
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McCarty, Alicia. "Local Roots, National Trend: The Richmond Printmaking Workshop (1978-1991)". VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3298.
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The Richmond Printmaking Workshop (RPW) was in operation from 1978 to 1991 during a nationwide print revival. From the 1960s through the 1990s, hundreds of new printmaking workshops and cooperatives sprung up across the country. This newfound popularity in the medium led to a boom in the print market and resulted in widespread experimentation of the medium. The RPW, founded by artists Nancy David and Gail McKennis, began in response to these trends and demonstrates how the print resurgence operated on a local level. Like many other small printmaking workshops of the period, it provided printmaking equipment to artists and promoted the print medium through classes, lectures, and membership in a Print Club. The locally-oriented workshop was a place for artists to meet, work on art, and form a supportive printmaking community. The RPW provided artists with opportunities to create portfolios, mount exhibitions, and experiment with new printmaking techniques. The various programs sponsored by the RPW were meant to engage both the professional printmakers and amateur artists of Richmond. An extensive print collection was formed from the various activities of the organization. A portion of the collection was eventually donated to the University of Richmond Museum in 2001. This collection of 253 prints spans the duration of the RPW’s existence and demonstrates the wide variety of prints created at the workshop and the diverse programs they organized. Although the workshop closed in the early 1990s, the RPW’s significant influence on the artists involved, the Richmond art scene, and generations of printmakers to follow is evident. This thesis provides an institutional history of the organization to give context to the print collection and provide a sense of how the nationwide print revival operated on a local level.
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Callow, Kathleen Ann. "The public hearing process : public participation in municipal planning : a case study of the Terra Nova lands decision, Richmond, B.C". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29924.
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This thesis is a case study of the Terra Nova lands decision in the Township of Richmond, B.C. which analyses the use of public hearings as a means of public participation in the municipal rezoning aspect of the planning process.
A literature review of democratic theories indicated that there is no single accepted theory of democracy or the role of public participation within a democratic society. Classical democratic theory, likened to participatory democracy, outlines the need for widespread public participation in the decision-making
process while contemporary democratic theorists critize this as unrealistic in a modern society. Instead, contemporary theorists stress that the role of the public is to create an elected representative government that will decide issues on their behalf. Representative democracy is described according to four principles including: popular control, political equality, effective choice, and majority rule.
Public participation in the planning process represents a movement along the democratic continuum from participatory to representative democracy towards a more participatory form of governing. Although the public hearing process has traditionally been viewed as a legitimate means to involve the public in the planning process, it is increasingly being questionned as appropriate.
The Terra Nova rezoning public hearings were analysed using the evaluative framework of Glasser, Manty, and Nehman based on six communication characteristics and six participation
objectives. The data was collected from the results of interviews with twelve key participants using a pre-designed questionnaire.
It was concluded that the Terra Nova public hearing process was inherently flawed in its attempt to provide meaningful public participation in the municipal planning process and also that preceptual differences among the participants accounted for their dissatisfaction with the public hearing process. It was also concluded that the Terra Nova public hearings must be viewed in an historical and political context which indicated that the decision to develop the Terra Nova lands had been made prior to the rezoning hearings with the adoption of the Official Community Plan and that the municipal council members were firmly split along political lines in favour of and opposed to development on the Terra Nova lands. The analysis, however, did not provide a conclusive answer regarding the appropriateness of the public hearings as a means for public participation in the planning process. The answer to this question rests on an individual's position on the continuum of democracy between representation and participation.
Nevertheless, recommendations can be made to enhance or supplement the public hearing process to overcome the inherent flaws and perceptual differences thus moving public participation in the municipal planning process closer to participatory democracy. These suggestions include local area planning initiatives and the use of an independent, non-political, rezoning commission.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
33
Archer, Russell W. "If these walls could jump 'n' jive : a study of buildings and sites associated with jazz music in Indianapolis and Richmond, Indiana (c. 1910-1960)". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260487.
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Indiana is a state rich in musical history. Two cities, in particular-Indianapolis and Richmond-have played significant roles in the evolution and dissemination of jazz music. There have been modest attempts to acknowledge and/or educate Hoosiers about the state's role in the development of ja7.z. However, a level of apathy remains with regard to this aspect of Indiana's cultural heritage. These factors, in conjunction with new development, socioeconomic hardship, and demolition by neglect, have resulted in the loss of countless buildings and sites associated with jazz, music in Indianapolis and Richmond.In the Circle City, Indiana Avenue was a hotbed of ja77. for decades, as were many other scattered downtown sites. All but just a few of these venues are extant today. In Richmond, the Gennett recording studio welcomed the greatest of the early jazz pioneers and pressed millions of records of this genre. The Gennett site lies in ruins today, consisting of remnants of only three structures.There is a need to heighten awareness of the buildings and sites that contributed to the thriving jazz scene in these two cities for the purpose of education, preservation, and interpretation. This thesis has attempted to document and inventory the historical resources associated with jazz in Indianapolis and Richmond in order to facilitate these processes. In addition to the inventory, the two cities are examined in the context of jazz history in Indiana, and current building and site conditions are discussed.Department of Architecture
34
Coward-Reid, Mattie Francine. "A case study of the Concerned Black Men of Richmond mentor program for African American males: program structure and practices, perceptions of strengths and weaknesses, mentor-protege relationships". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40162.
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Tse, Justin Kin-Hung. "Transnational faith : a Hong Kong church in Richmond, British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13011.
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This thesis examines the geographical imaginations of transnational Hongkonger
Christians who are parishioners of a Chinese church known in this thesis as St. Matthew’s
Church, in the Chinese ethnoburb, Richmond, British Columbia, in Metro Vancouver. Seeking
to complement current arguments that immigrant religious congregations in North America serve
as spaces of social services and identity formation, this study contextualizes St. Matthew’s
Church at four scales in an effort to understand its geographical positioning at the personal,
congregational, metropolitan, and transnational Hong Kong-Vancouver levels. The research
question this thesis asks is: what global and local sites constitute the geographical imaginations
of the parishioners who attend St. Matthew’s Church in Metro Vancouver? This research was
conducted over 9 months between April and December 2008 at St. Matthew’s Church; its
methodology included participant observation at religious services as well as 38 semi-structured
interviews with 40 people. Based on this research, this thesis argues that transnational
Hongkonger Christians at St. Matthew’s Church see Christian spaces as spaces of peace, an
imagination developed in Hong Kong through British colonialism, Christian schools, and
religious family practices. The mission of such Hongkonger Christians is to bring a territoriality
of sacred peace through social conservatism to their trans-Pacific Hong Kong-Vancouver
lifeworlds. Such a territoriality is challenged, however, by their own children growing up in a
multicultural English-speaking Canadian society as well as by mainland Chinese migrants who
are geopolitically different from Hongkongers. This thesis demonstrates that the Hongkonger
imagined political and cultural geography is intertwined with its religious geography and that
such a geography of religion pushes scholars of transnational Hongkongers and of sacred
territorialities to understand the intersections between sacred space and political territory.
36
Dwyer, John L. "Adult Education in Civil War Richmond January 1861- April 1865". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30576.
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This study examines adult education in Civil War Richmond from January 1861 to April 1865. Drawing on a range of sources (including newspapers, magazines, letters and diaries, reports, school catalogs, and published and unpublished personal narratives), it explores the types and availability of adult education activities and the impact that these activities had on influencing the mind, emotions, and attitudes of the residents.
The analysis reveals that for four years, Richmond, the Capital of the Confederacy, endured severe hardships and tragedies of war: overcrowdedness, disease, wounded and sick soldiers, food shortages, high inflationary rates, crime, sanitation deficiencies, and weakened socio-educational institutions. Despite these deplorable conditions, the examination reveals that educative systems of organizations, groups, and individuals offered the opportunity and means for personal development and growth. The study presents and tracks the educational activities of organizations like churches, amusement centers, colleges, evening schools, military, and voluntary groups to determine the type and theme of their activities for educational purposes, such as personal development, leisure, and recreation. The study examines and tracks such activities as higher education, industrial training, religious education, college-preparatory education, military training, informal education, and educational leisure and recreation, such as reading and listening to and singing music. The study concludes that wartime conditions had minimal affect on the type and availability of adult education. Based on the number and types of educational activities and participants engaged in such activities, the study concludes that adult education had influenced and contributed to the lives of the majority of Richmonders, including the thousands of soldiers convalescing in the city's hospitals. Whatever the educative system, the study finds that the people of Richmond, under tremendous stress and despondency improved themselves individually and collectively.
Thus, Civil War Richmond's adult education experience is about educative systems that gave people knowledge, comfort, and hope under extreme deprivation and deplorable conditions.Ph. D.
37
Kappatos, Nicole. "Greek Immigration to Richmond, Virginia, and the Southern Variant Theory". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3483.
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Greek immigration to the United States occurred in two distinctive waves: the first wave from the 1890s-1920s and the second wave from the 1960s-1980s. This thesis explores the regional diversity of the Greek immigrant experience in the Southern United States through the case study of the Greek community in Richmond, Virginia. The first chapter introduces the history of Greek immigration to the United States, discusses major scholars of Greek American studies, and explains the Southern Variant theory. Chapter two examines the experiences of the first wave of Greek immigrants in Richmond. The third chapter incorporates oral history to explain the experiences of second wave Greek immigrants in Richmond. Chapters two and three examine factors including language, church activity, intermarriage, and community involvement, in order to demonstrate a Southern Variation in the experiences of Greek immigrants in Richmond in comparison to their counterparts elsewhere in the United States.
38
Cole, Joshua. "Richmond Public Schools: Post-Court Mandated School Desegregation (1986-2006)". VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1975.
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In 1970, cross-town busing was court mandated to enforce school desegregation in Richmond, Virginia. Unitary status was declared in Richmond when cross-town busing ended in 1986. Richmond Public Schools (RPS) no longer operated as a dual school system for blacks and whites after 1986. Class and racial segregation continued to exist in the City of Richmond. RPS remained predominately black and poor. Socio-economic conditions of the city continued to impact the school district. Controversies, mismanagement and low academic achievement stigmatized RPS until state and federal performance measures forced the district to improve. By 2006, RPS was still segregated; however, as a result of better leadership, academic success was demonstrated on Standards of Learning (SOL) assessments.
39
Johnstone, Christopher W. "Vascular Flora of the Totuskey Creek Watershed, Richmond County, Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626879.
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Smith, Sharron. "Private Schools for Blacks in Early Twentieth Century Richmond, Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1477068460.
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The Virginia State Constitution of 1869 mandated that public school education be open to both black and white students on a segregated basis. In the city of Richmond, Virginia the public school system indeed offered separate school houses for blacks and whites, but public schools for blacks were conducted in small, overcrowded, poorly equipped and unclean facilities. at the beginning of the twentieth century, public schools for black students in the city of Richmond did not change and would not for many decades. Before 1918, there was no public high school for black students to attend. Whites made it clear in their words and in their actions that they felt that blacks were inferior to whites and that money should not be wasted on the education of black children. Annual reports from the Superintendent of Public Schools for the city of Richmond, Virginia and newspaper articles from both black and whites press evidence that whites were strongly opposed to providing an education to black students that was equal to that of whites. as early as 1866, private schools for blacks became a part of Richmond’s educational landscape to provide primary and secondary education to blacks who were denied quality education by the public school system. This thesis concludes that if private schools for blacks were not an option in the city of Richmond in the first half of the twentieth century, some black students would have not received an education beyond the primary level.
41
Square-Smith, DeNita R. "Police and Citizens' Perceptions of Community Policing in Richmond, Virginia". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4023.
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Community policing is an initiative that requires public cooperation and participation to be successful. Little is known, however, about police and citizens' perceptions of community policing and its impact on Richmond, Virginia neighborhoods. Using policy feedback theory as a lens, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and gain a better understanding of RPD's and Richmond citizens' perceptions of community-oriented policing strategies in Richmond neighborhoods. Research questions focused on how officers and citizens perceive the impact of community policing strategies and the specific strategies they viewed as most successful in building public trust. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 7 police officers and 4 residents who participated in unstructured telephone interviews. Data were inductively coded and subjected to thematic analysis. Key findings revealed that both police and citizen participants believe community policing strategies have increased visibility of police and improved community trust and public support associated with crime, safety, transparency, and accountability between officers and citizens. Findings further revealed that participants believe that community policing has achieved the goal of removing barriers to community collaboration with law enforcement. Finally, officers in this study proposed the development of an additional unit focusing on government-funded housing areas in the City of Richmond with high crime rates. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by offering practical strategies and policy suggestions for stakeholders in Richmond who want to foster collaborative relationships between police officers and community members.
42
Zuhl, Teresa. "Ethnic identity in a globalised world Germans in Richmond since 1970". Hamburg Kovač, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996953647/04.
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Dallas, Janina C. "The lived experiences of middle school principals in Richmond County, Georgia". Click here to access dissertation, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2006/janina_c_dallas/dallas_janina_c_200608_EDD.pdf.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Education" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-120) and appendices.
44
Glock, Earl Ferdinand. "The Rise of Modern Richmond and the Fall of Electric Transit". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626601.
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Sorensen, Leni Ashmore. ""So that I Get Her Again": African American Slave Women Runaways in Selected Richmond, Virginia Newspapers, 1830-1860, and the Richmond, Virginia Police Guard Daybook, 1834-1843". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626020.
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Vanwormhoudt, An. "Soil mineralogy of an upper coastal plain landscape in Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41916.
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47
Tuttle, Samuel. "Neighborhood Inclusion and Quality in Richmond, VA: An Empirical Review of Neighborhoods in the Richmond Region Based on Factors of Racial and Economic Inclusion and Quality of Life". VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2861.
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This thesis is an empirical review of neighborhoods in the Richmond Region based on factors of inclusion and quality of life. The research attempts to answer the question of whether or not healthy and inclusive neighborhoods exist in the Richmond Region, and if they do what factors they hold in common. Inclusion and quality of life are identified using census data, school assessment reports, HUD reports, and cause-of-death data applied at the neighborhood level (census tract). This data is used to identify neighborhoods within the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) that have a high quality of life and include racial minorities and low-to-moderate income households at a rate that reflects the region as a whole. Finally, the census tracts that fit these criteria are analyzed to determine correlating factors. The analysis determined that inclusive census tracts with a high quality of life tend to be majority-black suburban neighborhoods located near the urban cores or Richmond and Petersburg. These neighborhoods had a mix of housing types, moderate homeownership rates, newer housing options, access to public schools, access to commercial goods and services, and households with moderate incomes. Policies that promote these types of environments will help create and sustain healthy and inclusive neighborhoods.
48
Mack, Emily Clark. "A planning study for the William G. Scott House in Richmond, Indiana". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260627.
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The William G. Scott House in Richmond, Indiana was built c. 1885 for William G. Scott and his wife, Clara A. Robie McCoy. Mr. Scott, who was a successful executive at the prosperous steam engine manufacturing company Gaar, Scott & Co., was hailed as having one of the most prominent and beautiful homes within the city. The Scott family occupied the house until Mr. Scott's death in 1897, and the property was passed down to several Scott family descendants. In 1921, Richmond's local chapter of the Knights of Columbus purchased the Scott House and converted the building into their clubhouse. The Knights of Columbus continue to own and occupy the property today.The Knights of Columbus made several significant changes to house over the past eighty-two years, including installing a ceramic tile floor on the first floor, creating a Lodge Room on the third floor, remodeling the basement and the kitchen, and building a modern 5,000 sq. ft. meeting hall on the west side of the house. After the new meeting hall was constructed, the Knights of Columbus utilized the new addition most often, rather than the old clubhouse, and the historic Scott House was left vacant and allowed to slip into disrepair.Today, the Knights of Columbus use the Scott House to host "Tea Room Luncheons" featuring traditional Victorian menu items and local entertainment to revitalize public interest in historic architecture and generate funds for the future rehabilitation of the Scott House. The organization is also exploring future uses for the property and identifying additional fundraising opportunities, in hopes of rehabilitating the Scott House and restoring the property to its original elegance and grandeur.The Planning Study for the Scott House contains a history of the property, illustrations, elevation and floor plan drawings, building condition assessments, recommended treatment methods, and suggested maintenance practices. For further reference, the author's building assessment forms and annotated assessment drawings, and the Secretary of the Interior Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties are included as appendices.This project was primarily an academic exercise and intended to help the author learn the process of evaluating the condition of a building, proposing treatment methods and maintenance practices, and writing a preservation planning study. In addition, the report is intended to serve as an outline and reference guide for Knights of Columbus to help direct the organization with the future rehabilitation, preservation, and maintenance of the William G. Scott House.Department of Architecture
49
Grace, Lorna Louise. "A study of the extent and nature of the need for child care". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26118.
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The purpose of this study was to combine practice and research in a community agency. This study examined the extent and nature of the need for child care in Richmond, B.C. for parents who are employed or attending one of three institutions, located within close proximity of each other. The relationships between different variables were analyzed: age of child, type of care, hours of care and preferred location. The results of 237 families were compiled. Out of 237 families there was an indicated need for 217 children.
The results indicated that there was a need for child care for children aged 0-13 years. The major types of care required were group care for children 0-5 years of age and out-of-school care for older children. Preferred location for care ranged from the vicinity of home and school to the parents' place of employment. Even though few preferred a centralized location, respondents indicated they were willing to relocate and assist in the development of a centralized facility.Arts, Faculty of
Social Work, School of
Graduate
50
Woodrum, Milton Lanier. "Phantom Limbs:urban history and the generation of built form". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33273.
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Throughout the process of trying to manage decisions and objects coming together in a designated area of the city, questions are faced that are generated
by more than one set of circumstances, the many histories of a place, its geology and typology and topology, the balance of pragmatism and idealism-
the issue of whether or not to even engage in these dialogues... In the end the project must be for and about the citizenry- in all their many shapes and sizes- here are more issues and less clarity! It seems to me now that such a project must be run through a succession of cycles of construction and destruction, and I say this having watched this project settle a bit more with each rewrite and rehearsal. It also became painstakingly clear that the architectural
idea that is to undergo this many washings needs to be a solid one. The overarching question engaged in the project and the one that remains is , simply, what does it mean to build in this city? I look forward to be able to try to answer it again and again.Master of Architecture