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1
Stolte, Daniel. "Revelations of Rice: Decoding the Rice Genome". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622145.
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2
Sirisee, Ulai. "Effect of different rice flours on extruded rice puffs /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962557.
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3
Levee, Alice Place. "The development of the rice industry in the Lake Charles district". Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2008. http://library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/levee.htm.
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4
Xie, Meng. "Puffing of okara/rice blends using a rice cake machine". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4282.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 18, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
5
Zhuang, Shimin. "Puffing of potato rice blends using a rice cake machine /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418081.
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6
Gunawardena, Thusitha A. "Spikelet sterility in rice (oryza sativa L.) induced by low termperature and nitrogen fertilisation /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16554.pdf.
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7
Watcharamul, Supawin. "Microbial communities of Thai rice field soils during rice straw decomposition". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420030.
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8
Chaturvedi, Gayathri. "Functional characterization of OsELF3 as a flowering time regulator of rice". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30688541.
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9
Saman, Premsuda. "Bioprocessing strategies to enhance the prebiotic potential of rice and rice fractions". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497599.
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Rice, amongst cereals, has one of the highest potential for the development of functional foods and ingredients. It is commonly consumed in its polished state, but the whole gram or fractions of the grain can be modified by germination and/or fermentation to improve their nutritional and functional value. This study evaluates the use of rice for the production of isomalto-oligosaccharides through germination and solid-state fermentation in combination with enzymatic transglucosylation. In addition, rice fractions obtained by debranning are tested for their prebiotic potential using batch culture fermentations with specific probiotic strains and human faecal microbiota.
10
Khehra, Gurpreet Singh. "Genetic manipulation in rice using rice tungro spherical virus coat protein genes". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261168.
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11
Brozynska, Marta, Dario Copetti, Agnelo Furtado, Rod A. Wing, Darren Crayn, Glen Fox, Ryuji Ishikawa e Robert J. Henry. "Sequencing of Australian wild rice genomes reveals ancestral relationships with domesticated rice". WILEY, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624392.
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The related A genome species of the Oryza genus are the effective gene pool for rice. Here, we report draft genomes for two Australian wild A genome taxa: O. rufipogon-like population, referred to as Taxon A, and O. meridionalis-like population, referred to as Taxon B. These two taxa were sequenced and assembled by integration of short- and long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS) data to create a genomic platform for a wider rice gene pool. Here, we report that, despite the distinct chloroplast genome, the nuclear genome of the Australian Taxon A has a sequence that is much closer to that of domesticated rice (O. sativa) than to the other Australian wild populations. Analysis of 4643 genes in the A genome clade showed that the Australian annual, O. meridionalis, and related perennial taxa have the most divergent (around 3 million years) genome sequences relative to domesticated rice. A test for admixture showed possible introgression into the Australian Taxon A ( diverged around 1.6 million years ago) especially from the wild indica/O. nivara clade in Asia. These results demonstrate that northern Australia may be the centre of diversity of the A genome Oryza and suggest the possibility that this might also be the centre of origin of this group and represent an important resource for rice improvement.
12
Vengedasalam, Deviga. "Rice research versus rice imports in Malaysia: A dynamic spatial equalibrium model". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9507.
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Rice is the main staple food, besides wheat, in many countries in the world. For the purpose of food security, many countries protect their rice industry through various mechanisms such as domestic subsidies, import/export tariffs, price ceilings and other mechanisms. Malaysia is one of the rice importing countries, which spends millions of Malaysian Ringgit from the public funds to protect the rice industry and at the same time invests in research and development (R&D) activities to increase rice production. However, in the past 30 years, the production of rice was still not sufficient to meet the domestic demand. The purpose of the present study is to examine the impact of the reallocation of public funds from domestic subsidies to R&D expenditures. Furthermore, the present study also examines the impact of removing BERNAS, the sole importer, and removing all the trade barriers in the Malaysian rice industry. An econometrically estimated dynamic spatial equilibrium model was developed to analyse the impact of policy changes in the Malaysian rice industry. The rice trade model in this study incorporated six regions of Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Pakistan, Indonesia and the Rest of the World. In the present study, there are two main parts: econometrics and simulations. For each region, there were four stochastic equations; namely, consumption demand, stocks demand, area harvested and yield and the supply function was constructed as an identity comprising of area harvested, yield and the conversion rate of paddy to rice. The time series data used for the stochastic equations from the period of 1980 to 2009 were tested for stationarity using the Augmented Dickey Fuller test. The area harvested equation was estimated using ordinary least squares and the other stochastic equations were estimated using two-stage least squares. In the cases with autocorrelation, the equations were re-estimated using a first-order serial autocorrelation correction. The econometric results were consistent with a priori expectations and as represented in the equations the decision-making agents appeared to be well behaved according to theory. An R&D expenditure variable was incorporated into the yield function for Malaysia. To select the most appropriate yield function including the R&D expenditure variable, eight alternatives of R&D lags of different lengths and shapes were tested. Two lag lengths, 16 and 35 years and three shapes: trapezoid, inverted “V” and gamma distributions were used and the most preferred model was the gamma distribution with δ=0.6 and λ=0.8 with a lag of 16 years. The R&D elasticities in the range of 0.10 to 0.13 were computed for the Malaysian rice industry and these were found to be consistent with the R&D literature. As there seemed to be no other estimates of R&D elasticities for Malaysian agriculture previously published, these estimates are seen as a contribution to knowledge about the effects of R&D expenditure in Malaysia. The coefficients of all the exogenous variables from the econometric estimation were collapsed into the intercept and then these collapsed demand and supply equations were included in the spatial equilibrium model. The spatial equilibrium model was formulated using a primal-dual approach in a mathematical programming model. The model was simulated dynamically from 1982 to 2009 using the Lemke algorithm written in Visual Basic in Microsoft Excel. Both statistical and graphical methods were then used to validate the historical data with the simulation values. The simulated endogenous variables were found to replicate the historical values quite closely. Four historically based policy simulations were developed to analyse policy changes in Malaysia. In the first two scenarios, 10 per cent and 25 per cent of the rice subsidy funds were reallocated to R&D expenditures. In the third scenario, the sole importer status of BERNAS was removed and replaced with import tariffs and in the fourth scenario the free trade environment was represented. The results from the simulations in scenario 2 showed that if the government had allocated 25 per cent of the subsidy funds into R&D expenditures in the 1980s, self-sufficiency in rice could have been achieved 25 years earlier. Furthermore, both the consumers and producers would be better off if these changes had taken place back in 1980s. Findings that emerged from this study have some important policy implications for the Malaysian rice industry. The findings suggest that the government interventions, such as providing domestic subsidies to farmers to increase the production of rice and the use of a marketing board to control imports do not necessarily protect the industry. The findings indicate that if the government had chosen to eliminate domestic subsidies and the sole importer status, consumers would be better off even though the farmers‟ revenue would be affected in such a free trade environment. The findings in the present study also suggest that the income per farmer could increase by about double if the government invested 25 per cent of the subsidy funds into R&D expenditure. The key recommendation from this study is that the government should remove the domestic subsidies and other trade barriers and use the limited public funds for R&D related activities and both the consumers and producers will be better off than in the current situation.
13
Copetti, Dario, Jianwei Zhang, Baidouri Moaine El, Dongying Gao, Jun Wang, Elena Barghini, Rosa M. Cossu et al. "RiTE database: a resource database for genus-wide rice genomics and evolutionary biology". BioMed Central Ltd, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610281.
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BACKGROUND: Comparative evolutionary analysis of whole genomes requires not only accurate annotation of gene space, but also proper annotation of the repetitive fraction which is often the largest component of most if not all genomes larger than 50 kb in size. RESULTS: Here we present the Rice TE database (RiTE-db) - a genus-wide collection of transposable elements and repeated sequences across 11 diploid species of the genus Oryza and the closely-related out-group Leersia perrieri. The database consists of more than 170,000 entries divided into three main types: (i) a classified and curated set of publicly-available repeated sequences, (ii) a set of consensus assemblies of highly-repetitive sequences obtained from genome sequencing surveys of 12 species; and (iii) a set of full-length TEs, identified and extracted from 12 whole genome assemblies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a repeat dataset that spans the majority of repeat variability within an entire genus, and one that includes complete elements as well as unassembled repeats. The database allows sequence browsing, downloading, and similarity searches. Because of the strategy adopted, the RiTE-db opens a new path to unprecedented direct comparative studies that span the entire nuclear repeat content of 15 million years of Oryza diversity.
14
Shiraishi, Tatsuya. "Flooding tolerance of rice". Thesis, Shiraishi, Tatsuya (1991) Flooding tolerance of rice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52562/.
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The possibility was examined that the flooding tolerance of (Oryza rice sativa L.) might be improved through use of somaclonal variants regenerated from callus cultures. The response was also studied of cell cultures to gaseous environments which mimic submergence conditions.
Scutellum callus was induced from a range of rice cultivars by placing seed for 2 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (10 µM), casein hydrolysate (3 gl-1) and sucrose (20 gl-1). The scutellum was then excised and further callus growth took place for 4 weeks on the same medium but with a lower 2,4-D (5 µM) concentration. Embryogenic callus was isolated under a dissection microscope and transferred to a regeneration medium. Callus production, growth, and regeneration ability was strongly affected by genotype. Regeneration was obtained on media with or without kinetin, but high levels of kinetin were toxic.
The immediate ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was successfully used at 5 or 10 µM, as a plant growth regulator to stimulate regeneration of plantlets.
A technique which allowed callus to be exposed to gradually increasing levels of plant growth regulators was devised by inserting a silicone tubing well into the centre of the agar medium in a 90 mm plastic petri dish and adding filter sterilised plant growth regulators to the well.
A total of 503 regenerated plants (R1 generation) were potted out and their seed collected. Seedlings from each self-pollinated R1 plant (referred to as an R2 line) were germinated then placed on polystyrene "rafts" for testing for submergence tolerance in aquaria in a glasshouse. Conditions simulating flooding were achieved by use of appropriate nutrient solutions at 30°C, covering the tank with shade cloth to cut down the light intensity to 50 µmolm-2s-1 and submerging plantlets natural to 50 cm depth. The period of submergence for each line was that which was expected to kill 90% of the parent plants. Seedlings were then desubmerged and the rafts refloated on the nutrient medium to allow for plant recovery for 12 days. The R2 lines were assessed for submergence tolerance by the number of seedlings that survived, and chlorophyll contents of the third and/or fourth leaf. To determine if any lines had enhanced tolerance to flooding these data were compared with data for the parental lines which were also submerged at same time. A total of 231 lines of R2 and R3 generations seedlings have been screened and it was found that 74 lines (32.0%) were less tolerant of submergence than parents, 29 lines (12.6%) showed slightly better tolerance, and 7 lines (3.0 %) showed much better tolerance than their parents. The promising lines were sent to Thailand and IRRI for further research, and several of them proved their superiority in submergence tolerance in field testing.
Somaclonal variation in other morphological and physiological characterustcus was observed in the R1 plants but could not be followed through to the R2 generation as most of the plants were deliberately killed when submerged. One somaclone that may have commercial value is a white-seeded line of the submergence tolerant line FR 13A, which normally has a red seed coat.
The gaseous phase above cultured rice callus was studied by analysing carbon dioxide, ethanol, ethylene, and oxygen. An apparatus was developed whereby growing callus could be exposed to flowing sterile gas mixtures. When callus was exposed to a gas with composition similar to that found in submerged plants (2% (v/v) oxygen, 8% (v/v) carbon dioxide, and 10 ppm ethylene), callus from rice cultivars with low submergence tolerance grew more slowly, utilised more oxygen, produced more ethylene, and showed higher necrosis than callus lines from submergence tolerant rice.
Ethylene released from the callus during culture resulted in early necrosis of the callus in some submergence sensitive lines. This correlates with the difficulty of keeping callus in good condition during the sequence of subcultures necessary to induce regeneration.
15
Chaikam, Vijaya Vardhana Reddy. "Characterization of cold shock domain proteins and SUMOylation system from Oryza sativa". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10198.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 114 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-114).
16
Kumwenda, Austin Suzgo. "Rice breeding and the inheritance of tolerance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV)". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338801.
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17
Amoussou, Pierre Louis G. P. "Genetic studies of resistance to nematodes and rice yellow mottle virus in rice". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433912.
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18
Mansour, Akel Nasser Rasheed. "Interaction between resistant and susceptible rice genotypes and isolates of rice yellow mottle virus". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46432.
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19
Cramer, Jonathan James. "Expressionism in Eugene O'Neill and Elmer Rice, L'expressionisme chez Eugene O'Neill et Elmer Rice". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ47187.pdf.
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20
Silva, Fabio, Chris J. Stevens, Alison Weisskopf, Cristina Castillo, Ling Qin, Andrew Bevan e Dorian Q. Fuller. "Modelling the geographical origin of rice cultivation in Asia using the Rice Archaeological Database". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-198673.
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21
Awg, Hj Tengah Hjh Noorhasifah. "Relevance of composition and localisation of raw rice grains to texture of cooked rice". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33692/.
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Previous research has shown that the sticky behaviour of rice may be affected by the composition and structural properties of the rice starch (amylose and amylopectin) as well as the protein and lipid components. Analyses tend to have been based on whole rice grains even though the sticky texture of rice is largely a surface phenomenon; hence, it is essential to develop an understanding of the external composition of rice grains. The objective of this PhD project is to provide an analysis of the internal and external structure of raw rice grains and to investigate how these structure data correlate to the sticky behaviour of cooked rice. The results of Attenuated Total Reflectance – Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy show that there is a significant difference in amide and lipid peaks and order of starch between the centre of rice grains and the external regions while X-Ray Diffraction exhibit differences in starch crystallinity. Results of Fourier Transform Infrared microspectroscopy also demonstrated the non-uniformity of amide and lipid peaks across the cross-section of a rice grain. With the aid of chemical analysis, it was concluded that the sticky texture of cooked rice is negatively correlated to the external protein and lipid amount whereas the correlation to the order of starch and starch crystallinity was positive. This is further confirmed as the removal of protein and lipid from the surface of rice grains resulted in a more adhesive cooked rice texture. This project highlights the importance of a surface study when considering rice stickiness.
22
Chaturvedi, Gayathri. "Functional characterization of OsELF3 as a flowering time regulator ofrice". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30688541.
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Lucca, Paola. "Development of iron-rich rice and ways to improve its bioavailability by genetic engineering /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13213.
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Aben, Silvestre Keith. "Influence of elevated COÒ partial pressure on early growth and development of rice /". View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030522.173813/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000.A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 178-207.
25
Ward, Rachelle Maree. "Potential impact of temperature and carbon dioxide levels on rice quality". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2209.
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Doctor of PhilosophyA rice grain is composed of 90% starch, and amylose contributes to up 30% of the starch with the remainder as amylopectin. The structure of starch largely defines the quality of rice, yet the methods to characterise starch have not been reviewed recently. This thesis begins by using the simplest form of starch, debranched amylopectin, to detail and apply the principles of molecular weight theory using Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) to illustrate that without correct calibration the molecular weight distribution of starch has been underestimated. In contrast to amylopectin, amylose is difficult to isolate from flour without causing irrevocable damage, is unstable in an aqueous system and is believed to be impossible to debranch with isoamylase. Here an amylose-rich fraction was extracted directly from flour using hot water to avoid the structural–damaging isolation techniques used previously. The ability of isoamylase to debranch the amylose was shown through traditional methods of controlled enzyme degradation of the starch, ensuring that association of chains did not hinder access to the enzyme activation site, and through the contrast of 1H NMR spectra before and after the debranching event. Further, it was shown that 20% of carbohydrate was not recoverable from the SEC, and the unrecoverable carbohydrate is likely to be of high molecular weight and with long chains. High temperatures during the grain filling period are known to impede on the rice quality of one classification of non-waxy varieties. That hypothesis was rigorously examined by growing rice from a wide genetic background in three temperature regimes, followed by analysis of amylose at a functional, structural and synthesis level. From that phenotypic data, the rice varieties could be divided into three distinct groups – two of poorer quality in an increasingly warmer climate. Candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified, and a mechanism proposed, to explain the phenotypes. Linking a phenotype to a SNP allows the opportunity for wide scale screening of varieties to predict the quality of rice in an increasing warmer environment. Rice quality has the potential to change with elevated carbon dioxide levels, both alone and with increased temperature. Here, the quality traits of varieties grown in four combinations of temperature and carbon dioxide levels were assessed. The negative impact of temperature on grain quality was unable to be overcome by an increase in carbon dioxide in all but one quality. Chalk is the undesirable opaque belly of a grain that defines the market price of the grain. In elevated carbon dioxide, the proportion of grains containing a high amount of chalk per grain which will increase the market value of the grain and may help to alleviate the burden of climate change on rice farmers.
26
Tanner, Kari Christine. "Methylmercury in California Rice Ecosystems". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10642100.
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Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic and bioaccumulative form of mercury that can be produced by bacteria living in water saturated soils, including those found in flooded rice fields. In the Sacramento Valley, California, rice is grown on 240,000 hectares, and mercury is a concern due to a history of mining in the surrounding mountains.
Using unfiltered aqueous MeHg data from MeHg monitoring programs in the Sacramento River watershed from 1996 to 2007, the MeHg contribution from rice systems to the Sacramento River, was assessed. AgDrain MeHg concentrations were elevated compared to upstream river water during November through May, but were not significantly different during June through October. June through October AgDrain MeHg loads (concentration × flow) contributed 10.7–14.8% of the total Sacramento River MeHg load. Missing flow data prevented calculation of the percent contribution of AgDrains in November through May.
Field scale MeHg dynamics were studied in two commercial rice fields in the Sacramento Valley. The Studied fields had soil total mercury concentrations of 25 and 57 ng g-1, which is near the global background level. Surface water and rice grain MeHg and THg concentrations were low compared to previously studied fields. An analysis of surface water drainage loads indicates that both fields were net MeHg importers during the growing season and net MeHg exporters during the fallow season.
Since the microbes that produce MeHg prefer flooded environments, management that dries the soil might reduce MeHg production. Conventional continuously flooded (CF) rice field water management was compared to alternate wetting and drying, where irrigation was stopped twice during the growing season, allowing soil to dry to 35% volumetric moisture content, at which point plots were re-flooded (AWD-35). Compared to CF, AWD-35 resulted in a significant reduction of MeHg concentration in soil, surface water and rice grain.
27
Hagan, Nicholas David. "Transgenic rice expressing a methionine-rich protein". Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10857.
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Sulfur amino acid composition is an important determinant of seed protein quality.
A chimeric gene encoding Sunflower Seed Albumin (SSA), one of the most sulfur-rich
seed storage proteins so far identified, was introduced into rice ( Oryza sativa) in order
to modify seed cysteine and methionine content. Analysis of a transgenic line
expressing SSA at approximately 7% of total seed protein revealed that the mature grain
showed little change in the total sulfur amino acid content compared to the parental
genotype. This result indicated that the transgenic rice grain was unable to respond to
the added demand for cysteine and methionine imposed by the production of SSA. The
limited sulfur reserves appeared to be reallocated from endogenous proteins to the new
sulfur sink in the transgenic grain.
Analysis of the protein composition of the transgenic gram showed changes in the
relative levels of the major seed storage proteins, as well as some non-storage proteins,
compared to non-transgenic controls. Changes observed at the protein level were
concomitant with differences in mRNA accumulation but not always with the level of
transcription. It is hypothesised that the changes in the transgenic endosperm tissue
were mediated by a signal transduction pathway that normally modulates seed storage
protein composition in response to environmental fluctuations in sulfur availability, via
both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of gene expression.
A developing rice panicle m1croarray was constructed to examme changes in gene
expressiOn m the developing seeds of the SSA transgenic rice. The expressiOn of
selected genes was also examined in the seeds of rice plants supplied with limited soil
sulfur. Data from these experiments supported the hypothesis that the SSA-expressing seeds suffered a sulfur stress imposed by the increased demand for sulfur amino acids
from the introduced transgene. The microarray experiments also identified several
potential regulatory genes including genes for a transcription factor, an RNA-binding
protein and signalling proteins. These genes may represent components of the signalling
pathway that regulates changes in seed protein composition in response to sulfur
availability.
28
Tsai, Yu Ci, e 蔡瑀綺. "Functional rice breeding: A case study for breeding rice cultivars rich in anthocyanins and non-glutinous". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ja2s45.
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碩士亞洲大學
生物科技學系
102
Recently, anthocyanin has been widely studied as people believed its content strong anti-oxidation ability. Colored Rice (purple rice) owing to the seed coat and aleuronic layer rich in anthocyanin, so the seed coat showing purple color. In addition to anthocyanin antioxidant ability, cardiovascular disease, old age complications, obesity, anti-lipid, blood sugar and, cancer are also had been researched. The rice seed endosperm is constituted most by starch. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin, the eating quality of rice is most affected by amylose content. The amylose content (AC) between different varieties is quite different, there are divided into glutinous rice (0% AC) and non-glutinous rice also divided to low (10-20% AC), medium (20-25% AC) and high content (> 25% AC). Taiwanese favorite low amylose rice because it have characters such as chewy after cooking, uneasy to harden after cooling, such as culvars : TNG 67 and TN 9. In this study, the traditional breeding methods: pedigree breeding and backcross breeding are used. The goals for breeding program are expectations bringing out a red seed coat with non-glutinous rice. Because the F1 of indicia and japonica hybrid combinations show servility sterility so selection process are started by F2. We use the TNG67 (with wide adaptability and high yield characteristics) as a recurrent parent to hybrid with the Asia University selected purple glutinous indicia rice (with a high quality and quantity of anthocyanin) as the donor parent. Through backcross, every backcross will increase by 25% the recurrent parent traits, accelerate selected target strains. The result is expect to get the offsprings are rich in anthocyanin content in grain but also have the excellent characteristics from "TNG67" as a japonica purple rice. At the same time, we use Taichung Sen 10 as recurrent parent hybrid with Asia University selected purple glutinous indicia rice as donor parent; expect to get a rich in anthocyanin but not glutinous Indicia purple rice. Each crop seasons, the offspring plants will be investigate the "root, stem, leaf and seed coat" red traits; after harvesting the seed testa with red color and non-glutinous characteristics are selected as material for next crop season. After six generations of selfing, and artificial selection, the cross of Asia University selected purple glutinous indicia rice and TNG67 have selected an elite red offspring traits and non-waxy in grain. While the cross of Taichung Sen 10 and Asia University selected purple glutinous indicia rice also breeding out an elite line call Asia University purple indica rice had been public Variety's announcement by Agriculture and Food Agency. In addition, the Asia University selected purple glutinous indicia rice hybrids with TNG67 also selected an elite line to be public announcement as Asian University Purple Circle rice.
29
Huang, Chun-Chih, e 黃俊智. "Study on rice shochu brewing by raw rice koji with uncooked rice". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49131856115219437324.
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碩士東海大學
食品科學系
102
In traditional rice shochu brewing, grain materials must be cooked before the micro enzymic saccharification and alcoholic fermentation proceed . A simplified process in distilled spirit brewing made with raw rice material and raw rice koji to skip rice cooking step for easy operation, but the process may cause slow fermentation or spoilage and low production yield, so there is need to explore a suitable fermentation conditions for raw material brewing of shochu. This study is divided into three parts, the brewing began with making of raw rice koji, followed by fermentation conditions for rice wine, the final part is alcoholic distillation and aroma analysis. Koji was made of uncooked rice with Saccharomyces peka, the wine yeast and amylase producting fungi, Rhizopus formosensis. The koji was used to inoculate the raw rice material. In culture period of brew starter,glucoamylase activity can reach to 120.8 units/g dry koji in seven days.The ideal fermentation condition is 15% (w/w) koji inocution, 35mesh raw rice partical size, temperature 25~30℃ and lactic acid added to pH4.6 . Crude wine obtained after 7 days fermentation.Liquor yield reached to 61.62%. The flavor of rice spirit which is mainly high alcohols . The major content is Isobutanol and higher content of ethyl acetate. And a large amount of 2-phenylethanol. Raw shochu brewing can be done with raw rice koji combined with uncooked rice method in this study.
30
Chen, Wan-Tzu, e 陳婉慈. "Image of Geographical Origin for Rice: A Comparison between Chishang Rice and Xiluo Rice". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83100749274150945016.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系所
104
Rice is the single most consumed agricultural product and is part of the cultural heritage in Taiwan. There were several generally acknowledged production areas where two of the township governments have been granted by the concerned authority to issue the geographical origin certification, local version of geographical indicator, as conformable to the trademark act. The study selected the two townships to compare their performances in terms of the general perception from the public about the image of their geographical origin for rice. The study stared with desk work and interviews of related agencies to investigate the environmental characteristics as well as geographical characteristics prescribed in their granted certification applications. A survey questionnaire was designed to understand the differences in the image of the two rice production region. The study found that there were significant differences in the image where the Chishang Township had a high score on the general image. The biggest differences were on the perception of environmental pollution and the country-side image of the paddy field. It was recommended that the local authority should try to build up local image by combing the cultural and environmental characteristics and create a sequel of agro-tourism activities for the public to be able to enjoy the slow-life of the rural area and to break the false image about the location. It was also recommended that the township government should improve their website information about their local certifies rice for easier access of information.
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Durga, Kanaka P. "World rice market-Prospects of India's rice exports". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4021.
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Li, Szu-Ting, e 李思葶. "Feasibility of Preparing Rice Protein from Broken Rice". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4522m2.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
園藝暨景觀學系
107
Protein provides functional properties for food products and essential nutrients for human body. Rice protein, a by-product from the processing of white rice for syrup production, is a low-cost protein source. Broken rice, whose price is half of that for the white rice, is produced during the milling process and is probably a more cost-efficient material for rice protein production. In this study, the feasibility of extracting rice protein from broken rice using enzyme extraction method was evaluated. In the first section, the protein content and recovery of the rice protein from broken rice were determined. The protein content within whole kernel was lower than that within broken kernel and chips. However, higher protein content and recovery was observed in the rice protein extracted from whole kernel (WRP) when compared to that from broken kernel (BRP) and chip (CRP). The protein content of BRP and CRP could be increased by removing the lipids in the rice kernel with hexane before the extraction of rice protein. Nevertheless, removing the lipids in the rice kernel could result in a decreasing in the protein recovery of all the samples. In the second section, the quality of rice protein in samples was evaluated. The whiteness indices of deoiling rice proteins were significantly lower than that of WRP, BRP and CRP (p < 0.05). In terms of volatile compounds, BRP and CRP showed relatively high content of fatty volatiles, but those volatile compounds decreased after deoiling. Among WRP, BRP and CRP, no significant differences in protein solubility, emulsifying activity, foaming activity and other functional properties were observed at pH 7.0 (p > 0.05). In the last section, we focused on the effects of heat treatment on the functionality and the amount of disulfide bonds. No significant differences in functional properties and the amount of disulfide bonds was observed for rice protein underwent thermal processing (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the lipids of broken rice were the main factor leading to the decrease in rice protein contents, protein recovery and its quality. However, rice protein could be produced from broken kernel and chips, and could reduce the production cost of food and enhance the competitiveness in the food industry.
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Lin, Yu-shiun, e 林佑勳. "Physicochemical Properties of and Water Mobility in Cooked Rice Starch, Rice Flour and Rice Kernel". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58132100041626224431.
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博士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
89
Indica (KSS7, TCN1, TCS17 and TCS10), japonica (TC189, TG9 and TNu67) and waxy (TCW70 and TCSW1) rice varieties were selected as samples to investigate the correlation between the physicochemical properties and water mobility of rice kernels, rice starches and flours after cooking and storage. The physicochemical properties analyzed in the study mainly included gelatinization and retrogradation characteristics, pasting and dynamic rheological behaviors as well as the hardness of cooked rice. The DSC thermograms showed a multiple endotherms for the intact milled rice kernels with higher gelatinization temperature and enthalpy than rice starches and flours at 75% water content. This phenomenon may be attributed to the compartment in the structure of rice kernels that restricted starch-water interaction. Generally, rice varieties with high amylose content had high pasting temperature, setback, final viscosity and low peak viscosity as analyzed by Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA). The dynamic rheological parameters of nonwaxy starch cooks were higher both in storage (G¢) and loss moduli (G²), but lower in tand than those of waxy starches, which implied the more solid-like structure for nonwaxy starch cooks. According to the dynamic rheological properties of starch cooks, 25% nonwaxy varieties appeared as gels, but 25% waxy varieties and all 10% starch samples were pastes. Hardness of freshly cooked rice was the highest in indica varieties with high amylose content, followed by japonica and waxy varieties. As the cooked rice was aged at 4°C, the hardness increased. In the presence of emulsifier during rice cooking, the hardness of cooked rice was reduced. The net transverse relaxation rates (DR2) of 17O-NMR for water molecules in cooked waxy starches, flours or kernels were lower than those of nonwaxy varieties. Starch pastes also showed a lower DR2 than starch gels. The lower DR2 measured by 17O-NMR indicated higher water mobility in the samples. In addition, the shearing treatment applied in the preparation of starch paste would lead to higher water mobility. Statistical analysis revealed that the rheological properties of starch cook and the hardness of cooked rice were significantly correlated with DR2 of water molecules. The results suggested that the DR2 value could be used as an index to evaluate the physical properties of rice samples. During starch retrogradation, the retrogradation enthalpy (DH) was increased with storage time. However, three different profiles, according to their amylose contents, were observed for the DH changes of rice starch cooks during storage. They fitted well to both nonlinear regression equations of exponential rise to maximum and exponential growth models. The freezable water content, as measured with DSC, decreased during storage, but the extractable water content increased as measured with the Karl-Fischer method. This discrepancy thus made the change of DR2 more complex than the change of DH. Nonlinear regression models were also applied to fit the changes of DR2. The result indicated similar trend of DH and DR2 change in the initial period of storage. It was concluded that the decrease of water mobility accompanies amylopectin recrystallization, and the changes of DH and DR2 are accelerated by amylose content.
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Chang, Shu-Han, e 張舒涵. "Characteristics of Rice Bread Prepared From Wheat Flour Blended with Rice Flour or Gelatinized Rice". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q5cy9y.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
食品科學系碩士班
102
Adding rice to prepare wheat bread has been commercialized. However, the glutenin and gliadin are not present in rice which is necessary for the gluten net in the bread structure. Bread with rice flour has a lower loaf volume than wheat flour bread. To solve this problem, gluten powder and other additives were added to bread with rice flour to improve bread volume. The most of rice flour added to the bread is raw flour. The addition of gelatinized rice to prepare bread had been studied limitedly. The objective of this research is to study the effect of adding rice flour or gelatinized rice (cooked rice, rice porridge, or puffing rice flour), different water contents, adding percentage and preparing methods on the quality of rice substituted bread. Rice of KH145 from 2013 first crops was utilized in this study. Water adding percentage (60, 70, 80%), rice substituting ratio (20, 25, 30%), and preparing methods: (rapid sponge-dough method and straight dough method) were used to conduct the experiment. The results showed that rice bread with 70% of water adding ratio performed the best quality. No matter which rice flour (rice, cooked rice, rice porridge or puffing rice flour) added to bread, decreasing substituting ratio resulted in the increase of specific volume and resilience. Crust brightness of those bread was lighter and texture of the low substitute bread was soft. The specific volume of bread substituted 20% of rice porridge was no significant difference with the control wheat bread. In the three different degree of substitution, gelatinized rice bread except puffing rice flour bread had better loaf specific volume than rice flour bread. Rice porridge bread with 20% substitution prepared by straight dough method and cooked rice bread prepared by rapid sponge-dough method had better expansion. Besides, rice porridge bread with 20% addition gave a superior mouthfeel of the bread. In general, besides the puffing rice flour added bread, gelatinized rice added bread had similar bread quality with control wheat bread in appropriate preparing methods and degree of substitution.
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Amornsin, Aswin. "Properties of waxy rice starch and rice grain process development for an instant waxy rice product /". 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/amornsin%5Faswin%5F200308%5Fphd.
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Chou, Tsui-Chuan, e 周翠娟. "Preventive effects of brown rice, rice bran and polished rice on preneoplastic lesions of colon in rats". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62285366358593121184.
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碩士臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
97
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of brown rice, rice bran and polished rice on preneoplastic lesions of colon. F344 rats were fed control diet (C), 40% brown rice diet (BR), 1.1% rice bran diet (LB), 2.2% rice bran diet (MB), 4.4% rice bran diet (HB), 8.9% polished rice diet (LR), 17.8% polished rice diet (MR) and 35.6% polished rice diet (HR) and administrated 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) by i.p. injection. After 17 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed and colons were removed to examine for aberrant crypt foci (ACF), mucin and mucin-depleted foci (MDF). Colonic mucosa was examined for pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Liver and plasma were examined for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Liver was examined for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) level. The results showed that rice bran significantly reduced the number of total ACF, total aberrant crypts (AC), ACF containing 1 or 2 crypts and small ACF (P<0.05). Rice bran reduced the number of large ACF and ACF secreting both sulfomucin and sialomucin (P<0.1). Brown rice and rice bran significantly reduced COX-2 protein expression of middle colonic mucosa (P<0.05). Brown rice, rice bran and polished rice did not significantly affect MDF, tumor formation, plasma and hepatic TBARS level, and hepatic antioxidant-associated parameters. This study indicates that rice bran inhibits colonic ACF formation, pro-inflammatory COX-2 protein expression of colonic mucosa and inhibits mucin alteration, suggesting that rice bran has the potential for deferring colon carcinogenesis.
37
MA, ZONG-NENG, e 馬宗能. "Studies on physicochemical properties of different varieties of polished rice and rice used on modified rice ball". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86864417694864948153.
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Li, Jia-Ying, e 李佳穎. "Preparation and Antioxidative Activities of Germinated Brown Rice Rich with GABA". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63129013487435691674.
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碩士中華醫事科技大學
生物科技研究所
97
This research use Taiwan Japonica Glutinous 3 (TJG3), Tainan Japonica 11 (TJ11) and Tainan Japonica Breed (TJB) brown rice, as the material to prepare germinated brown rice, will study the effect of three pH value water（tap water, pH 5.5, pH 9.0）, three water temperature（28, 32, 36 ℃）and different soak time 4, 6, 8, 24 hr, on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) formation. The result in the GABA content of TJB pH 9.0 / 36 ℃ / 6 hr is the highest (17.79 mg/100 g), the following is pH 5.5 / 28 ℃ / 6 hr (16.53 mg/100 g). Add L-Glutamic acid and Chitosan really sees a significantly increasing from 9.57 mg/100 g to 16 mg/100 g. PH 5.5 groups don’t show significantly difference. While increased the Toona sinensis Roemor dosage to above 1%, reduce GABA content from 3.1 mg/100 g to 5.69 mg/100 g, verify might Toona sinensis Roemor may inhibit brown rice germinated and then reduce the formation of GABA. Analysis of Microorganisms, Total aerobic plate counts and Total anaerobic plate counts of all group except GCTS(1 %)(include L-Glutamic acid, Chitosan and 1 % Toona sinensis Roemor) increased from 106 cfu/g to 109 cfu/g over 21 days. Total aerobic plate counts and Total anaerobic plate counts of GCTS(1 %) increased from 107 cfu/g to 109 cfu/g. The MPN of E. coli was below 3 within seven days. Coliform of GCTS(1 %, 5 %) increases period from 107 MPN/g to 102 MPN/g. At the same time, cause lower pH value and higher titratable acidity. On the aspect of antioxidative activity, it show strong antioxidative activity on DPPH scavenging activity, ‧OH radical scavenging activity, TEAC assay when Toona sinensis Roemor added over 1 %, this expressed the antioxidative activity come from Toona sinensis Roemor. Especially that GCTS(5 %) elevate DPPH scavenging activity over 40 %. The group with TS also reduce IC50 of ‧OH radical scavenging activity, therefore, added 1 % and 5 % Toona sinensis Roemor group is might have more antioxidant compositions. On the aspect of TEAC assay, 1 and 5 %TS groups also were over 0.6 mM trolox equivalent, it was almost 2 fold compared with GC(include L-Glutamic acid, Chitosan) group. Finally, the germinated brown rice has better acceptance degree, the same with white rice, on sensory evaluation. Brown rice has bad acceptance degree(P＜0.05).
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"Imidazolinone tolerant rice: red rice control,herbicide persistence and outcrossing". Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFSM, 2006. http://coralx.ufsm.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=764.
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Tuong, Tan Duy. "Rice rubi3 promoter activity and inheritance in transgenic rice plants". 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08132007-154249/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Chen, Wei-Ting, e 陳韋廷. "Methane emission and rice production in water-saving irrigated rice". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88597128175623604113.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系所
103
Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important staples in Taiwan. Traditional transplanted rice with continuous standing water in Taiwan has relatively high water inputs. Flooding of the soil is a prerequisite for sustained emissions of methane and modifies nutrient use efficiencies. Manipulation of rice floodwater may offer a means of mitigating methane emission and changing plant nutritional status from rice fields without reducing rice yields. In this thesis, water-saving culture and flooding culture as water treatment and 120 kg/ha, 180 kg/ha, 240 kg/ha of nitrogen was applied at Lucao, Chiayi in 2013 and Wufeng, Taichung in 2014 respectively. Tainan 11 and Taikeng 9 was tested varieties to investigate the different treatment combinations of water and nitrogen applied on the rice growth conditions including plant height, yield components, yields, nitrogen use efficiency, water productivity and methane emission. The results showed that water-saving cultures depending on the cropping season can save about 10-34% of the irrigation water use, and can maintain the rice yield components in each performance and certain yields. Nitrogen use efficiency will decline as nitrogen over input. In 1st cropping season there were methane peak on the vegetative stage before midseason drainage and grain filling stage, while the peak appeared on the vegetative stage before midseason drainage in 2nd cropping season. Methane emission rates varied markedly with water regime, nitrogen treatment, cropping season, and monitor point. The relationship of soil character and methane emission rate at sampling sites revealed that higher soil temperature, increased in soil volumetric water content and lower soil redox potential were much appropriate for methanogenic bacteria and produced more methane emission in rice fields.
42
Chih, Chuang-Tun, e 莊敦智. "Studies on storage stability of rice and rice bran lipase". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21824661299251651571.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
應用化學系生化科技碩士班
101
Rice bran, rice milling by-product, is rich in lipids and various bioactive components (such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, etc). However, carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in rice bran may hydrolyze triacylglycerols releasing glycerol and free fatty acids which result in rancidity of the bran. This study conducted rice storage experiments with 18 cultivars to study the relationship between bran esterase activities and free fatty acid contents. Then rice cultivar Taikeng 9 (Tk9) was used as material to explore the lipases activities and their characteristics. Ammonium sulfate precipitation method was employed to fractionate rice bran proteins. p-Nitrophenyl butyrate was used as esterase substrate and the highest activity was observed at the fraction of 30-50% ammonium sulfate with a specific activity of 2.3×103 U/mg. p-Nitrophenyl palmitate used as lipase substrate, the highest activity was observed at the fraction of 0-30% ammonium sulfate with a specific activity of 8.6 U/mg. However, SDS-PAGE separation showed the highest activities of both enzymes were at the fraction of 0-30% ammonium sulfate. This fraction of proteins was further purified and found that the lipase activity lost fast but the esterase’s remained stable and high. It was found that esterase proteins were hydrophilic and very stable; the lipase proteins were hydrophobic and the protein-protein interaction made them prone to aggregation and precipitation, but need not metal ions to maintain or increase their activity. Because of lability the lipase proteins were not amenable for traditional purification procedures. Therefore the lipase proteins with activity staining on the gel of SDS-PAGE were isolated for LC-MS/MS analysis to identify their proteins sequences. There were 152 proteins identified. Of them fourteen were heat-shock proteins and two oleosin protein. It suggested that the lipase proteins have a similar feature with those precipitated at the fraction of 0-30% ammonium sulfate, that they bear significant hydrophobic areas on the protein surface.
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Lee, Ting-Yu, e 李庭瑜. "Detection of Rice Planthopper by Image Processing in Rice Field". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s4as6v.
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碩士國立中央大學
電機工程學系
105
Rice Planthopper (RPH) infestation in paddy field is a serious disaster in Asia almost every year, particularly Southeast Asia. It is still suffered RPHs in Taiwan. RPHs are very small and spread easily. Since control RPHs growth is effective to prevent RPH infestation, it is important for farmer to sprinkle pesticides at right time before RPH growth. Preprocess image that complex field scene is helpful to find RPH. First, get rectangle region of interest (ROI) in HD image. We focus on the rice stem in the middle of image and remove the both side in the image. Then, get RPHs in the ROI. Get color information on objects in the ROI and do color analysis. Finally, use decision tree algorithm by relative of color information to get binary image that contain RPHs and something like that and remove pixels without RPHs and label RPHs to observe easily in the binary. This paper propose a method that get ROI quickly. It is useful to reduce executing time and loading for follow-up action and obtain clearly RPH ROI image.
44
Hermanto. "Demand for inputs and supply of rice under risk and selectivity bias a study of Indonesian farmers /". 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26087239.html.
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Bradbury, Louis. "Identification of the gene responsible for fragrance in rice and characterisation of the enzyme transcribed from this gene and its homologs /". 2007. http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses/91.
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CHANG, CHE-MING, e 張哲銘. "Rice in Crisis". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g6n4b3.
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碩士國立臺灣藝術大學
廣播電視學系碩士班應用媒體藝術組
105
There are six chapters in this project, and they are divided into seventeen sections. This study is through photographic works to tell us Taiwanese base was agriculture, and paddy was one of Taiwan's beauty. While in recent years, due to scientific and technological make progress, and economic interests take first place, the area of rice paddy continue to shrink. It makes Taiwan's self-sufficiency rate decreases to only 32% (Peng Minghui, 2011), and continues to decline. It is worsen by the rise of luxury farmhouse, which also directly squeeze the area of paddy. Another adverseness is the uneven distribution of water under the state of promoting fallow policy. Also, the policy of a large number of imported food causes our nonsensible of food shortage. The importance of food issues worths people’s discussion and thinking. The purpose of my works is through photographic creation, the pastoral style and the surreal atmosphere to reproduce Taiwanese rice landscape and the food crisis. In order that more people can pay attention to Taiwan food problems and reappear the beauty of Taiwanese paddy. A total of thirty pieces of works were exhibited, and the exhibition hall was set around the classroom corridor. A projection lamp is used to create the atmosphere of an exhibition. The exhibition was arranged in three sections: the seedlings, paddy, and farmhouses. A large work, which size is 240cmX70cm, is arranged above the entrance. The other two large pictures, which sizes are 240cmX150cm, are decorated at the entrance and the end of the exhibition. The remaining 30 works, which sizes are 100cmX70cm, were ten works for each topic--seedlings, paddy, and farmhouses. They are, through the exhibition, to let people appreciate the beauty of Taiwan, and explore the rise of luxury farmhouse being a feature or a problem.
47
Yang, Tok Sik. "Rice flavor chemistry". 2007. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/yang%5Ftok-sik%5F200708%5Fphd.
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CHEN, WEN-ZHI, e 陳文志. "Studies on the effects of rice milling methods on rice flours properties and development a new rice product". Thesis, 1988. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99658320580203385042.
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yueh-chi, Han, e 韓岳麒. "Resistance mechanism of rice seedlings to bentazon herbicide among rice lines". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50617064785995792397.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系
88
Bentazon is usually used in weed control for rice and peanut crops. If the growth of rice, cv. TNG67, seedlings was affected and how the physiological response was influenced by bentazon, especially for the resistant- and the susceptible-lines among Japonica- and Indica-type rice, were investigated. According to the dose-response to bentazon of five growth characters including plant height, shoot fresh weight, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of TNG67 seedlings at the V3 stage, the effective concentration of leaf-applied bentazon causing 50% reduction of response (EC50) was determined. And further study on the physiological resistant mechanism existed in bentazon-resistant and -susceptible lines of rice under this concentration of bentazon was conducted. As a result of screening the bentazon-resistant and —susceptible lines of rice, lines M202 and FSK are referred to resistant- and susceptible-line, respectively, among Japonica-type rice, as well as the TCSW1 and IR36 are referred to resistant- and susceptible-line among Indica-type, respectively. The bentazon-resistant line, M202, and TNG67 were suffered from little or a slight visible injury, photosynthesis inhibition and accumulation of MDA after bentazon application compared to other lines. Further analysis of the physiological mechanism of resistance for the bentazon-resistant and -susceptible lines among Japonica- and Indica-type rice was conducted. Experimental results indicate that the resistant line of Japonica-type, M202 and TNG67, absorbed more 14C-bentazon, but most of 14C-isotopes absorbed either accumulated in bentazon-treated leaf or translocated out of the treated leaf to older leaves subsequently. It is also found that the phytotoxicity resulted from residual bentazon and its metabolite was slight in these two rice lines. The hydroxybentazon (bentazon-6-OH) could be detected in the bentazon-resistant rice lines, M202, but not in other rice lines, indicating that M202 and TNG67, especially for the former line had stronger ability to metabolite more bentazon. For the bentazon-susceptible lines, FSK and IR36, which absorbed less 14C-bentazon during treatment but most of the 14C-isotopes absorbed translocated out of treated leaf and accumulated in young leaves subsequently. More accumulation of bentazon at the younger leaf might result in death of rice seedlings. In addition, more residual bentazon and stronger phytotoxicity were also confirmed in these two bentazon-susceptible lines. And less polar metabolite was obtained. This result indicates that the bentazon-sensitivity of FSK and IR36 were due mainly to the lower ability of bentazon metabolism. Reviewing the experimental results of this study, it suggested that the bentazon-resistant mechanism existed in resistant lines, M202 and TNG67, is primarily result from the stronger metabolism of bentazon, especially the generation of bentazon-6-OH for the line M202. Besides, that the most of absorbed bentazon translocated to older leaves and/or deposited at the site of bentazon application also involved in the resistance mechanism.
50
Cheng, Shu-Ynu, e 鄭舒允. "Using rice microsatellite markers to demarcate the rice d6 dwarf gene". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43761566384045391600.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系
93
Abstract Rice is an important monocotyledones model plant, near-isogenic lines were very useful tool to selection rice special trait or genome. In this study, to tag the precise location of d6 locus, 187 microsatellite markers were mapped on the F2 population derived from the cross between Shiokari and the near iosgenic line d6. The result indicated that four SSR markers on the top of rice chromosome 7 were linked to d6 locus, which can facilitate the application of marker-assisted selection and map-base cloning in the future. Key words: rice, ( Oryza sativa L.) , near isogenic lines ( NILs ), microsatellite marker, simple sequence repeat (SSR), simple sequence length polymorphism ( SSLP ), Shiokari, marker-assisted selection ( MAS ).