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1
Mrena, Chuck. "The revegetation of drastically disturbed lands". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ53199.pdf.
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Bai, Shahla Hosseini. "The Impact of Site Management Practices on the Revegetation of Highly Disturbed Sites in Sub-Tropical and Tropical Queensland". Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366823.
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Revegetation schemes are increasing in Australia and are part of strategy to restore cleared lands, enhance biodiversity and alleviate global climate change. Site preparation practices play a pivotal role in the successful establishment of revegetation projects in tropical and sub-tropical Australia. However, site preparation practices are costly and there is great interest to develop cost-effective establishment methods. The most common site preparation practices, in Australia, include weed control and fertilisation. Reduced weed competition is a crucial factor in the successful establishment of revegetation projects. Herbicide application is the most commonly used method of weed control but need for repeated site visits and sequential applications greatly increase establishment costs. Alternative methods are sought to reduce the reliance on herbicide application. One such method is scalping, the removal of the top 100 mm of soil from the planting area which effectively removes the soil seed bank. Both herbicide and scalping have implications for soil properties which could in turn affect early plant growth and establishment. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools under differing site preparation practices and the associated effects on plant survival, growth and eco-physiological status in tropical and sub-tropical Australia.
Two experimental sites located at Rockhampton (23º31'24 S, 150º18'14 E) and Laidley (27º40'31 S, 152º24'04 E) were established in this study. The treatment layout was randomised complete block split plot. Treatments included topsoil removal (scalping) and herbicide application for weed control. Other treatments included the use of fertiliser to overcome the potentially negative effects of scalping and to give a competitive advantage to seedlings.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Brooks, Margaret Ann. "Evaluation of roadside revegetation in central Arizona". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186330.
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The policies of the USDA Forest Service and the Arizona Department of Transportation require revegetation of land disturbed by road construction. Revegetation objectives of both agencies include soil stabilization and mitigation of visual impacts. Typical seed mixes include Lehmann and Cochise lovegrass (Eragrostis Lehmanniana), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), desert buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens), and other species as appropriate. Seeding is done by drilling on slopes of 3:1 or flatter; hydroseeding is used on slopes steeper than 3:1. A mulch of blown-on straw, affixed with a vegetative tackifier, is typically applied after seeding. This study documented plant cover and density on roadside cuts and fills which were revegetated over a period of 7 years (1985-92). Plant cover and density were measured on cut and fill slopes and regressed against various independent environmental variables, including aspect, slope gradient, and soil particle size. The soil surface at each site was evaluated to assess success in soil stabilization. Success in mitigating visual impacts was evaluated by having university students rate the appearance of vegetation on each site. Results obtained in this study suggest that revegetation has been successful in meeting the stated objectives on fill sites, but not on cut sites.
4
Wong, Siu-wai. "Plant selection for revegetation projects in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43893442.
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Briggs, Mark Kendig. "An evaluation of riparian revegetation efforts in Arizona". Ann Arbor, Mich. : UMI, 1992.
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6
Withers, Naomi. "Regional revegetation strategies : example of the Willunga Basin /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envw824.pdf.
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Wong, Siu-wai, e 黃兆偉. "Plant selection for revegetation projects in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893442.
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Briggs, Mark K. (Mark Kendig) 1961. "An evaluation of riparian revegetation efforts in Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192065.
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Twenty-five riparian revegetation projects and two alternative mitigations were evaluated in Arizona. Sites were visited and agency personnel were interviewed to detail riparian revegetation methodologies and categorize revegetation projects based on how well they achieved their objectives. Riparian revegetation is limited in its ability to improve degraded riparian ecosystems and is most effective when the causes of site degradation are addressed. Of the selected successful revegetation projects, 73% incorporated other forms of mitigation (e.g., improved land management strategies, bank stabilization structures, irrigation) that either indirectly or directly addressed the causes of site degradation. Over 33% of the successful revegetation projects experienced prolific natural regeneration, demonstrating the potential for natural regenerative processes to accomplish revegetation objectives. Of the unsuccessful revegetation projects, 85% did not achieve objectives due to low water availability or flooding. The appropriateness of using riparian revegetation should be determined on a site by site basis using two check-lists developed from the results of this study. The first check-list describes the potential effectiveness of artificial revegetation, the second checklist describes the potential that prolific natural regeneration will occur.
9
Lawson, Holly Marie. "Grassland Revegetation for Mine Reclamation in Southeast Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202934.
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Mine land reclamation techniques were tested in arid Southeast Arizona for their potential to enhance reclamation success on two sites at different elevations (1400- and 1650-meters above sea level) on two sandy loam soils (Arkose and Gila Conglomerate). Seedbed preparation (smooth or rough surface) and straw mulch treatments (surface mulch, mulch incorporated into the soil, or no mulch) were tested for their potential to establish vegetation and prevent erosion. Gila soil retained 12.9% more soil moisture than the Arkose soil and was preferred by the seed mix (Gila: 64.4 plants m⁻²; Arkose: 23.2 plants m⁻²). A rough surface with surface mulch was recommended. Gila soil was more susceptible to erosion likely because it contained smaller soil particles. Rock cover was associated with significantly (P=0.0138) reduced rate of soil movement (0.1588 cm soil loss or accumulation per 1 percent rock cover). Proper soil management can be critical for reclamation success.
10
Thacker, Gary W., e Jerry R. Cox. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Evaluation of Eight Range Grasses". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201342.
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In July of 1988, we planted eight range grass species on retired farmland in the Avra Valley west of Tucson. In November of 1989, Arabian yellow bluestem, kleingrass, buffelgrass, "Catalina" lovegrass, and bermudagrass all yielded over 1000 Kg /Ha of oven dry forage "Cochise" lovegrass yielded 889 Kg /Ha, sideoats grama grass yielded 126 Kg /Ha, and bottlebrush yielded 86 Kg /Ha.
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Riley, James D. "Restoration of magnesian limestone grassland on former quarry sites". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246688.
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Perkins, Paul. "The amelioration of acidic minespoil with pulverised fuel ash with particular reference to the fate of boron". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295997.
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Bailey, Debra Elizabeth. "Habitat reconstruction as a technique for the reclamation of limestone quarry faces". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240740.
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Firlotte, Nicole. "The revegetation of disturbed dry tundra areas near Churchill, Manitoba". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32109.pdf.
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Stott, Lance Vear. "Determining the suitability of native grasses for highway revegetation sod". Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/stott/StottL1207.pdf.
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Ishimaru, Kanae. "Characteristics of the revegetation plants in an erosion control site". Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145453.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第11243号
農博第1458号
新制||農||902(附属図書館)
学位論文||H17||N3988(農学部図書室)
22852
UT51-2004-U448
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 武田 博清, 教授 東 順一, 教授 谷 誠
学位規則第4条第1項該当
17
Grabau, Matthew Robert. "Irrigation and Seeding Technique Development for Riparian Corridor Habitat Revegetation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195910.
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Revegetation of riparian tree species along the lower Colorado River is currently a major activity for federal and state agencies. Revegetation methods for Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Goodding's willow (Salix gooddingii), and coyote willow (S. exigua) have historically consisted of cutting collection and vegetative propagation. If direct seeding could be implemented, large cost-savings could be realized while enhancing restoration results due to increased genetic and structural diversity. The following documents laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies conducted to establish seed storage practices, irrigation techniques, and seeding methods and rates which maximize germination and growth rates of these riparian tree species. Experimental seed storage study results indicated that seed viability was maintained for at least a two-year window by freezing, during which seed can be utilized for direct seeding or seedling production. Greenhouse study results include: (1) seed cleaning resulted in higher tree establishment; (2) adverse soil conditions reduced growth rates; (3) organic fertilizer amendment mitigated negative effects of sandy soil for Fremont cottonwood but not for willow; (4) mixed seeding resulted in cottonwood dominance, indicating that reduced rates or separate seeding of this species might be required to improve success of willow species seeding. Small-scale field study results include the following: (1) Fremont cottonwood establishment averaged 7% of pure live seed rates, whereas willow species establishment was less than 1%; (2) sprinkler irrigation did not affect establishment, and decreased tree growth rates; (3) hydroseeding resulted in higher canopy cover, establishment, and above-ground biomass compared to broadcast seeding for all three species; (4) furrow or border irrigation did not affect Fremont cottonwood or coyote willow establishment, but furrow irrigation resulted in higher Goodding's willow establishment. Volunteer species were abundant, with grasses dominating cover and biomass after one growing season despite application of grass specific herbicide. Saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) also established in abundance, but grew slower than Fremont cottonwood during the first growing season. Monitoring after three growing seasons indicated higher growth rates and survival of Fremont cottonwood compared to volunteer species. Larger-scale seeding studies are required to refine establishment rates and determine the cost-effectiveness of direct seeding for large-scale Salicaceae species revegetation.
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Lam, Kin-san. "Plant establishment in compost/PFA amended soil /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17095268.
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Gherardi, Mark James. "Availability and management of manganese and water in bauxite residue revegetation". University of Western Australia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Discipline Group, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0038.
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[Truncated abstract] Industrial processing to refine alumina from bauxite ore produces millions of tonnes of refining residue each year in Australia. Revegetation of bauxite residue sand (BRS) is problematic for a number of reasons. Harsh chemical conditions caused by residual NaOH from ore digestion mean plants must overcome extremely high pH (initially >12), saline and sodic conditions. At such high pH, manganese (Mn) is rapidly oxidised from Mn2+ to Mn4+. Plants can take up only Mn2+. Thus, Mn deficiency is common in plants used for direct BRS revegetation, and broadcast Mn fertilisers have low residual value. Added to this, physical conditions of low water-holding capacity and a highly compactable structure make BRS unfavourable for productive plant growth without constant and large inputs of water as well as Mn. However, environmental regulations stipulate that the residue disposal area at Pinjarra, Western Australia, be revegetated to conform with surrounding land uses. The major land use of the area is pasture for grazing stock. Hence, pasture revegetation with minimum requirement for fertiliser and water application is desirable. This thesis investigates a number of avenues with potential for maintaining a productive pasture system on BRS whilst reducing the current level of Mn fertiliser and irrigation input. Emphasis was placed on elucidation of chemical and physical factors affecting Mn availability to plants in BRS
20
Handa, Tanya. "Revegetation trials in degraded coastal marshes of the Hudson Bay lowlands". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ40695.pdf.
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Fitzsimmons, Kevin Michael. "Use of saline wastewater for revegetation and creation of wildlife habitat". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1999_281_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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King, Rob. "Promoting revegetation : lessons from the Upper South East of South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk54.pdf.
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Venable, Christina. "The use of native plants for revegetation along West Virginia highways". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4057.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 65 p. : map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-49).
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Anderson, Lars D. "Guidelines for Roadside Revegetation to Create Wildlife Habitat in Northern Utah". DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3459.
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Many species of wildlife use roadside vegetation as habitat. The ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) utilizes roadsides for all types of cover. Because pheasants are nonmigratory and generally live their entire lives within a 1- to 2-mile radius, pheasants are excellent indicator species to predict both quantity and quality of roadside wildlife habitat. Pheasants were introduced to Utah in the late 1800's. Populations climbed until pheasant habitat occupied 2-4 percent of the total land area in Utah. Populations began to decrease in the 1950's. Since 1962, pheasant populations in Cache County, Utah have dropped 2.71 percent annually. Experts believe the decline in pheasants is directly related to decreased habitat. They attribute the decrease to land use changes.
Cache County roadsides currently support 3,643 acres of wildlife habitat and have the potential to support over 15,000 acres. To evaluate roadside habitat in Cache County, a roadside vegetation inventory was conducted. This was done by conducting a windshield survey of Cache County roadsides in agricultural areas. Next, vegetation density was measured along roadside transects using a Daubenmire frame and vertical profile board.
The results showed Cache County roadsides did not support quality wildlife habitat. The exception was wetlands that contained significant stands of cattail. The evaluation found current maintenance practices of mowing and spraying roadside vegetation has degraded the plant communities and created dense monocultures of a few grass species.
A questionnaire was completed by county weed supervisors throughout the state of Utah as well as Utah Department of Transportation personnel and other people associated with the managment of roadside vegetation. The questionnaire provided information about current roadside maintenance practices and attitudes.
As a result of the roadside vegetation data and the questionnaire, the study determined that healthier roadside plant communities are possible if current maintenance practices and standards are modified. These modifications should include 1) spot spraying herbicide to eradicate weed species, 2) mowing only 10% of the right-of-way, which will provide more residual nesting cover in the unmowed areas, and 3) allowing woody vegetation along the backs! ope of ditches and other areas where motorist safety is not compromised. By modifying maintenance practices and implementing diverse seed mixes, roadside plant communities will support quality wildlife habitat.
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Gokbulak, Ferhat. "Seed Dispersal by Livestock: A Revegetation Application for Improving Degraded Rangelands". DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6564.
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A series of experiments was conducted to: 1) investigate how feeding cattle with different amounts of different-sized seeds affects seed passage rate through the digestive tract, and the germinability of passed seeds; 2) examine how the location of seeds in dungpats of different thicknesses influences seedling emergence , development, and survival in cattle dungpats; and 3) characterize seedling emergence in naturally and artificially deposited cattle dungpats . Three perennial , cool-season grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass [Psuedoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love], Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda Presl.), and 'Hycrest' crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) X A. cristatum (L.) Gaert.], were used as representative revegetation species for the Intermountain West region.
When cattle were fed 60,000, 30,000, 15,000, and 7,500 seeds of bluebunch wheatgrass and Sandberg bluegrass, the recovery of passed seeds for both species declined as seed feeding levels decreased from 60,000 to 7,500 seeds per animal and as time after seed ingestion increased from 1 to 4 days. Sandberg bluegrass seeds had greater germinability than bluebunch wheatgrass seeds at all seed feeding levels and collection dates.
In complementary greenhouse studies, artificially prepared cattle dungpats (20 cm diameter) with different thicknesses (1, 2, and 4 cm) were placed on a sandy loam soil (initially at field capacity) in large plastic containers. Pre-germinated seeds of blue bunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, and/or Hycrest crested wheatgrass were planted separately in the center and periphery of dungpats at heights (from bottom of dungpats) of 0.5 cm for 1-cm-thick dungpats, 0.5 and 1.5 cm for 2-cm-thick dungpats , and 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 cm for 4-cm -thick dungpats. Half of the dungpat treatments received no supplemental water while the other half received additional water simulating a wet spring . After 60 days, seedling emergence, development , and survival for all species were greatest at the 0.5 cm planting height , regardless of dungpat thickness , and greatest in 1 cm-thick dungpats , regardless of planting height. Seedling emergence , development , and survival were greatest for Hycrest crested wheatgrass, followed by bluebunch wheatgrass and Sandberg bluegrass.
In a field study, cattle dung containing passed seeds of blue bunch wheatgrass, Hycrest crested wheatgrass, and Sandberg bluegrass was formed into artificial dungpats (2 kg in mass) with thicknesses of 1, 2, and 4 cm, and respective diameters of 40, 28, and 20 cm, and deposited on bare soil. Cattle also deposited natural dungpats varying in mass, thickness, and diameter. Seedling emergence for all species decreased as artificial dungpat thickness increased from 1 to 4 cm, and was lowest in natural dungpats. Seedling emergence for all dungpat types was greatest for Hycrest crested wheatgrass, followed by Sandberg bluegrass and bluebunch wheatgrass.
These studies indicate that: 1) cattle should be fed about 60,000 seeds ( of these grass species) per animal to pass sufficient germinable seed to establish at least one seedling in a dungpat; and 2) seedling emergence, development, and survival in cattle dungpats are greatly influenced by plant species (seeds) ingested, thickness of dungpats, seed location in dungpats, and moisture content of the soil underlying dungpats.
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Mikli, Markus H. "Revegetation of coal mine dumps to ameliorate effects of acidic seepage". Thesis, Curtin University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/213.
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Species prescriptions are developed for revegetating abandoned acidic coal overburden seepage sites in the Collie region of Western Australia. The research involved selecting appropriate plant species and determining successful methods of enhancing revegetation. Candidate species were screened for tolerance to acidic overburden materials, local climate conditions and metal toxicity. Methods tested included improving spoil conditions and trialing an alternative method for seeding.Twelve species of native plants were tested for tolerance in two acid overburden materials in pot and field trials. Eucalyptus robusta is the most tolerant, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus cladocalyx are highly tolerant, Eucalyptus rudis and Melaleuca hamulosa demonstrate potential, provided adequate soil moisture is available.An important growth restriction factor in acid soils is the presence of free aluminium ions. A glasshouse trial performed on seven species for tolerance to aluminium toxicity revealed E. robusta as most tolerant and E. camaldulensis and Kunzea ericifolia a highly tolerant. E. rudis and M. hamulosa are moderately tolerant, but E. cladocalyx and Eucalyptus diversicolor are very sensitive to aluminium.Various methods were trialed to increase growth of seedlings transplanted on to acidic overburden sites. Both commercial cow manure and slow-release fertiliser tablets increase growth, whereas commercial potting mix and lime do not. Inoculation of plants with the ectomycorrhiza fungus Pisolithus tinctorius increases the amount of infection in roots but does not enhance plant growth.Supplementary fertilisation is necessary to maintain growth (nitrogen) and restore chlorophyll production (phosphorus) in fast growing eucalypt seedlings planted into typical acidic spoils. Poor levels of nutrient availability in such acidic sites appear to be the primary factor in retarding growth. In the absence of supplementation, foliage reddening is observed in several species.An alternative method of seeding dumps is fascining. Prepared dump surfaces may be covered with capsule-laden branchwood of myrtaceous species. Material of the locally available Kunzea ericifolia is effective in producing many seedlings. Subsequent seedling growth is enhanced with fertiliser and lime addition.
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Mikli, Markus H. "Revegetation of coal mine dumps to ameliorate effects of acidic seepage". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2001. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12531.
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Species prescriptions are developed for revegetating abandoned acidic coal overburden seepage sites in the Collie region of Western Australia. The research involved selecting appropriate plant species and determining successful methods of enhancing revegetation. Candidate species were screened for tolerance to acidic overburden materials, local climate conditions and metal toxicity. Methods tested included improving spoil conditions and trialing an alternative method for seeding.Twelve species of native plants were tested for tolerance in two acid overburden materials in pot and field trials. Eucalyptus robusta is the most tolerant, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus cladocalyx are highly tolerant, Eucalyptus rudis and Melaleuca hamulosa demonstrate potential, provided adequate soil moisture is available.An important growth restriction factor in acid soils is the presence of free aluminium ions. A glasshouse trial performed on seven species for tolerance to aluminium toxicity revealed E. robusta as most tolerant and E. camaldulensis and Kunzea ericifolia a highly tolerant. E. rudis and M. hamulosa are moderately tolerant, but E. cladocalyx and Eucalyptus diversicolor are very sensitive to aluminium.Various methods were trialed to increase growth of seedlings transplanted on to acidic overburden sites. Both commercial cow manure and slow-release fertiliser tablets increase growth, whereas commercial potting mix and lime do not. Inoculation of plants with the ectomycorrhiza fungus Pisolithus tinctorius increases the amount of infection in roots but does not enhance plant growth.Supplementary fertilisation is necessary to maintain growth (nitrogen) and restore chlorophyll production (phosphorus) in fast growing eucalypt seedlings planted into typical acidic spoils. Poor levels of nutrient availability in such acidic sites appear to be the primary factor in ++retarding growth. In the absence of supplementation, foliage reddening is observed in several species.An alternative method of seeding dumps is fascining. Prepared dump surfaces may be covered with capsule-laden branchwood of myrtaceous species. Material of the locally available Kunzea ericifolia is effective in producing many seedlings. Subsequent seedling growth is enhanced with fertiliser and lime addition.
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Collins, Shane M. "Improving rehabilitation practices for the outer batter slopes of bauxite residue disposal areas at Worsley refinery, Collie, Western Australia /". Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040510.154254.
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Ireland, Elizabeth Mary. "Factors influencing the establishment of floristically rich grasslands on a restored landfill site". Thesis, University of Essex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302792.
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Wennerberg, Sarah B. "Propagation and field assessment of West Virginia native species for roadside revegetation". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4157.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 65 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Martinez, Scott Richard. "EVALUATION OF ROADSIDE REVEGETATION ALONG ARIZONA FOREST HIGHWAY 39 (MT. LEMMON HIGHWAY)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555288.
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Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung. "Sodium release characteristics and revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue (red mud)". Thesis, Wong, Jonathan Woon-Chung (1990) Sodium release characteristics and revegetation of fine bauxite refining residue (red mud). PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1990. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52497/.
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The revegetation of bauxite refining residue, red mud, produced from alumina refining is extremely difficult because of the high amount of Na in the residue especially in the desilication product (DSP). The high Na content imparts to red mud highly saline and sodic characteristics. The present study was to develop means to revegetate red mud through the control of Na release and the utilization of acidic and organic ameliorants together with tolerant plant species.
Neutralization of red mud with HCl showed that the DSP, which was found to be a zeolite mineral akin to nosean, decomposed at pH between 5.4 and 7.0 and with a maximum Na release of 98.6 meq/100 g occurring at pH 5.4. At pH >7, the release of Na was due to the cation exchange between Na+ in red mud with H+ , and Ca2+ from dissolution of calcite. At pH between 5.4 to 7.0, Na release from the DSP was due to acid hydrolysis.
The cation exchange capacity (CEC) obtained with monovalent cations was higher than with divalent cations. About 83 meq Na /100 g red mud could be displaced by K+ with repeated washings. Divalent cations could only displace about one third of the Na. The external CEC of red mud was estimated to be 15.4 meq/100 g while the internal CEC of red mud was 49.6 meq/100 g. A selectivity sequence for red mud was established: K > Li > NH4 > Ba ≥ Ca> Mg at a cation fraction on red mud ≥ 0.2.
Four first-order reactions could be used to describe the release of Na from Na-K and Na-Ca exchanges in red mud with a total release of 61 and 31 meq/100 g red mud respectively. Sodium located in the external sites was released in about 6 h and 3 days for K and Ca exchange respectively. The final rates of Na desorption from the DSP were low for both exchanges. This indicates that the sodicity of red mud may increase with time.
A glasshouse pot trial was used to investigate the effectiveness of copperas (FeSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) for red mud reclamation. Copperas was effective in reducing the EC and Na content of red mud, but gypsum resulted in lower pH and higher Ca content at application rates of 5% and 8% w/w). Seed germination and dry weight yield of Agropyron and Cynodon were enhanced with 8% gypsum or 5% and 8% copperas amendments, but the performance of Agropyron was found to be better than that of Cynodon. Addition of sewage sludge to 5% copperas and 8% gypsum-amended red mud caused an additional reduction of the pH, EC and Na content of red mud. Gypsum-sewage sludge amendment was more effective in reducing pH and ESP, increasing Mg and P04 content, and resulted in lower soil Al content. Yields of Agropyron obtained in red mud receiving 8% gypsum and 16% sewage sludge were significantly higher than in copperas and sewage sludge-amended red mud. A minimum leaching of 84 mm was required to reduce the pH, EC, Na and Ca content of gypsum-sewage sludge-amended red mud, and a supplementation of N, P, and K fertilizer was recommended for the growth of Agropyron in red mud amended with gypsum and sewage sludge.
In field trials, the same rate of gypsum and sewage sludge amendment also reduced the pH, alkalinity, and ESP of red mud, but was less effective than the same rate in the glasshouse trial. Dry weight yield and plant covering percentage of Agropyron in plots receiving 38.5 t/ha (8%) gypsum and 77 t/ha (16%) sewage sludge were significantly increased but the yield was only about half that of plots having a surface placement of sandy soil. Tissue analysis of Agropyron grown in gypsum and sewage sludge-amended red mud indicates N and Mg levels were marginal, while Mn appeared to be insufficient.
Varying the gypsum to soil volume ratio (G:V) by amending with 38.5 t/ha gypsum and 77 t/ha sewage sludge to different depths of 5, 10, and 20 cm had no significant effect on the pH, EC, and ESP of red mud. However, increasing the application rate to 77 t/ha gypsum and 154 t/ha sewage sludge but maintaining the same G:V ratio by incorporating to a depth of 20 cm was effective in reducing the pH, alkalinity, and ESP of red mud. A higher amount of Ca and Mg was found in soil extending to a greater depth. This significantly enhanced the dry weight yield and plant covering percentage of Agropyron.
The increased yield following gypsum and sewage sludge amendment was attributed to improved soil physical properties. Addition of sewage sludge significantly reduced the bulk density, particle density and increased the total porosity. Both sewage sludge and gypsum contributed to increases in air-filled porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The improved soil structure and hydraulic property were found to be significantly correlated with the dry weight yield.
The present study indicates that following the removal of Na in the external exchange sites, the use of gypsum and sewage sludge was effective in red mud reclamation. The slow released Na with time can be counteracted by the addition of an excess amount of gypsum, which will require periodic soil monitoring. This management strategy indicates direct revegetation is feasible and no heavy earth moving techniques are required.
33
Campos, Rebeca Victoria. "Evaluation of species establishment and revegetation practices along roadsides in Tucson, Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292079.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study evaluated the success of recently revegetated roadsides in Tucson, Arizona. The primary objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate a sample of revegetated roadsides by assessing site condition and comparing existing vegetation to the original seed mix; and (2) develop recommendations for appropriate revegetation practices for use in Tucson. Density data were collected at 20 locations using belt transects to derive species information such as origin, vegetative life-form, and invasiveness. Results indicated that the study sites had greater proportions of plant material not specified in the original construction documents than specified plant material. Of the specified species, creosote bush, desert senna, and triangle-leaf bursage had the highest rates of establishment while brittlebush, globemallow, shrubby buckwheat, and fourwing saltbush provided the most vegetative cover. Several non-specified species exhibited successful establishment on many study sites, while some species rarely or never appeared in the study area despite frequent specification.
34
Barrett, Gregory J. "Revegetation of salt-affected land after mining: germination and establishment of halophytes". Thesis, Curtin University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1119.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Gold and nickel mining are a common land use in the semiarid Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia,, A frequent outcome of mining activity is highly saline landforms that result from the widespread use of hypersaline (> 50 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl) groundwater for mineral processing and hydraulic tailings reclamation, and from saline horizons in soils, subsoils and mullock. Under State government legislation, all mined land must be rehabilitated to a stable and sustainable landform at the completion of mining activities.There was little land rehabilitation carried out in the mining industry until the mid1980s. At that time, legislation was introduced and, in due course, guidelines were issued on recommended approaches to rehabilitation. Today, rehabilitation of disturbed areas is usually integrated into the mining program and has become the rule rather than the exception. There has, however, been limited innovation in recent years and the established methods are not suitable for every land rehabilitation scenario, especially those where very high salinity is an important factor. The aims of this thesis were to make a contribution towards a better understanding of the ecology of halophytes suitable for use in revegetation and the likely physical requirements for their sustainable establishment on post-mining landforms.In terms of germination, many of the halophytes currently used for rehabilitation of saline substrates are well suited in that they are able to germinate in solutions of up to 20 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl. Furthermore, when higher salinities are encountered, seed dormancy is induced until salinity is reduced to a level at which germination can occur. There were differences observed between germination of annual and perennial chenopods that reflected their successional roles where annual chenopods tend to have a higher salt tolerance and germinate more rapidly. I developed a tolerance index to enable different germination responses to be readily compared. Values for the tolerance index ranged from 5.7 to 25.3 for the halophytic species compared with a value of 0.2 for the glycophytic Secale cereale. Values for saltbushes (Atriplex) and bluebushes (Maireana) ranged from 6.5 to 9.8 while values for samphires (Halosarcia) were higher (10.7-17.4).Germination and early growth of taxa in the succulent genus, Halosarcia, were also studied. Though a member of the Chenopodiaceae, with a number of species occurring commonly throughout the region, Halosarcia spp. are not widely used in rehabilitation. This is in part attributable to the poor level of knowledge of germination and growth characteristics compared with saltbushes and bluebushes, many of which are widely used. Two species studied, H. halocnemoides subsp. halocnemoides and H. pruinosa, are more salt-tolerant for germination than some other chenopods more widely used. Furthermore, in terms of their early growth, each taxon continued to grow in salinities up to 40 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl, although root .Production and mass were reduced at that concentration. Another taxon, H. pergranulata subsp. pergranulata, was found to have a partial physical dormancy attributable to the testa, a phenomenon rare among halophytes. Dormancy was alleviated by scarification but was most effective where this occurred near the micropyle.Field trials were conducted to assess methods of rehabilitating severely salt-affected surfaces (EC(subscript)e > 50 dS m(subscript)-1). In the initial trial, a number of surface treatments, including ripping, rock mulching and mounding, were shown to reduce soil EC, in loam soils over a long period of time (seven years) compared with the control. In a subsequent trial, the use of good quality waste water, in conjunction with ponding banks, strongly promoted the establishment of vegetation by supplementing soil moisture and enhancing soil P although a reduction in soil EC(subscript)e was not observed. The depth and duration of ponding influenced the species that established and the cover achieved. Methods by which a soil cover could be established over hypersaline tailings surfaces were also investigated. The absence of a capillary break layer resulted in severe salinisation (EC(subscript)e > 100 dS m(subscript)-1) of a non-saline clay loam soil cover and likely severe difficulties in establishing and maintaining vegetation on the cover. Two types of capillary break layer, a synthetic membrane and a layer of coarse iron fayalite granules (nickel slag), were both effective at preventing the capillary rise of salts into the soil cover.The physical and biological characteristics of the shores of Lake Lefroy, a large salt lake in the Eastern Goldfields region, were analysed using multivariate techniques.Physical characteristics were strongly influenced by the orientation of the shore relation to the predominant winds, and by depth to the saline groundwater table. Plant species were distributed in zones across the lake shores with small changes in elevation resulting in substantial changes in species distributions. Those plant species occurring at the lowest elevations (Zone I), including Halosarcia spp., exhibited a very high tolerance of saline soil and groundwater through an ability to accumulate Na+ and Cl- and make the necessary osmotic adjustments, and a capacity to tolerance high groundwater levels. Under certain conditions, the lake shore environment could be a useful model for a rehabilitated landform.
35
Barrett, Gregory J. "Revegetation of salt-affected land after mining: germination and establishment of halophytes". Curtin University of Technology, School of Environmental Biology, 2000. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11575.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Gold and nickel mining are a common land use in the semiarid Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia,, A frequent outcome of mining activity is highly saline landforms that result from the widespread use of hypersaline (> 50 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl) groundwater for mineral processing and hydraulic tailings reclamation, and from saline horizons in soils, subsoils and mullock. Under State government legislation, all mined land must be rehabilitated to a stable and sustainable landform at the completion of mining activities.There was little land rehabilitation carried out in the mining industry until the mid1980s. At that time, legislation was introduced and, in due course, guidelines were issued on recommended approaches to rehabilitation. Today, rehabilitation of disturbed areas is usually integrated into the mining program and has become the rule rather than the exception. There has, however, been limited innovation in recent years and the established methods are not suitable for every land rehabilitation scenario, especially those where very high salinity is an important factor. The aims of this thesis were to make a contribution towards a better understanding of the ecology of halophytes suitable for use in revegetation and the likely physical requirements for their sustainable establishment on post-mining landforms.In terms of germination, many of the halophytes currently used for rehabilitation of saline substrates are well suited in that they are able to germinate in solutions of up to 20 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl. Furthermore, when higher salinities are encountered, seed dormancy is induced until salinity is reduced to a level at which germination can occur. There were differences observed between germination of annual and perennial chenopods that reflected their successional roles where annual chenopods tend to have a higher salt tolerance and germinate more ++rapidly. I developed a tolerance index to enable different germination responses to be readily compared. Values for the tolerance index ranged from 5.7 to 25.3 for the halophytic species compared with a value of 0.2 for the glycophytic Secale cereale. Values for saltbushes (Atriplex) and bluebushes (Maireana) ranged from 6.5 to 9.8 while values for samphires (Halosarcia) were higher (10.7-17.4).Germination and early growth of taxa in the succulent genus, Halosarcia, were also studied. Though a member of the Chenopodiaceae, with a number of species occurring commonly throughout the region, Halosarcia spp. are not widely used in rehabilitation. This is in part attributable to the poor level of knowledge of germination and growth characteristics compared with saltbushes and bluebushes, many of which are widely used. Two species studied, H. halocnemoides subsp. halocnemoides and H. pruinosa, are more salt-tolerant for germination than some other chenopods more widely used. Furthermore, in terms of their early growth, each taxon continued to grow in salinities up to 40 g L(subscript)-1 NaCl, although root .Production and mass were reduced at that concentration. Another taxon, H. pergranulata subsp. pergranulata, was found to have a partial physical dormancy attributable to the testa, a phenomenon rare among halophytes. Dormancy was alleviated by scarification but was most effective where this occurred near the micropyle.Field trials were conducted to assess methods of rehabilitating severely salt-affected surfaces (EC(subscript)e > 50 dS m(subscript)-1). In the initial trial, a number of surface treatments, including ripping, rock mulching and mounding, were shown to reduce soil EC, in loam soils over a long period of time (seven years) compared with the control. In a subsequent trial, the use of good quality waste water, in conjunction with ponding banks, strongly ++
promoted the establishment of vegetation by supplementing soil moisture and enhancing soil P although a reduction in soil EC(subscript)e was not observed. The depth and duration of ponding influenced the species that established and the cover achieved. Methods by which a soil cover could be established over hypersaline tailings surfaces were also investigated. The absence of a capillary break layer resulted in severe salinisation (EC(subscript)e > 100 dS m(subscript)-1) of a non-saline clay loam soil cover and likely severe difficulties in establishing and maintaining vegetation on the cover. Two types of capillary break layer, a synthetic membrane and a layer of coarse iron fayalite granules (nickel slag), were both effective at preventing the capillary rise of salts into the soil cover.The physical and biological characteristics of the shores of Lake Lefroy, a large salt lake in the Eastern Goldfields region, were analysed using multivariate techniques.Physical characteristics were strongly influenced by the orientation of the shore relation to the predominant winds, and by depth to the saline groundwater table. Plant species were distributed in zones across the lake shores with small changes in elevation resulting in substantial changes in species distributions. Those plant species occurring at the lowest elevations (Zone I), including Halosarcia spp., exhibited a very high tolerance of saline soil and groundwater through an ability to accumulate Na+ and Cl- and make the necessary osmotic adjustments, and a capacity to tolerance high groundwater levels. Under certain conditions, the lake shore environment could be a useful model for a rehabilitated landform.
36
Bridges, M. K. "Revegetation of severely burnt heather moorland in the North York Moors National Park". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373546.
Texto completo da fonte
37
Thacker, G., e J. Cox. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Evaluation of Six Range Grasses Under Three Irrigation Regimes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200843.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Buffelgrass, kleingross, "Catalina" lovegrass, "Cochise" lovegrass, bottlebrush, and sideoats grama grass were seeded on retired farmland in the Avra Valley west of Tucson in 1986 and again in 1987. Each grass species was seeded in plots that received no irrigation, or two establishment irrigations or four establishment irrigations. For both year's tests, buffelgrass had a significantly higher percent cover than the other grasses at three months after planting. In the evaluation of the 1986 test in October 1987, buffelgrass, kleingrass, Cochise lovegrass, and Catalina lovegrass had increased their presence in the irrigated plots from one year before and appeared promising for the revegetaion of retired farmland. Plots that did not receive establishment irrigations did not have significantly higher cover ratings than plots with no cover at all. The one exception to this was buffelgrass in the first evaluation of the 1986 test.
38
Thacker, G. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Response of Fourwing Saltbush to Establishment Irrigations and Weeding". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200850.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) was seeded in 80 -inch wide water harvesting microcatchments on retired farmland west of Tucson. Eight months after planting the plots that had received one establishment irrigation and weeding had significantly more cover than the unirrigated and unweeded treatments. The percent cover of the uninigated /weeded and irrigated /unweeded treatments was not significantly different. Uninigated and unweeded plots had virtually no cover of saltbush. It appears that establishing saltbush in microcatchments of this size is not feasible without either an establishment irrigation or weed control.
39
Thacker, Gary W., e Jerry R. Cox. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Evaluation of Six Range Grasses Under Three Irrigation Regimes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201264.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In July of 1986 and 1987, we seeded bufelgrass, kleingrass, 'Catalina' lovegrass, "Cochise" lovegrass, bottlebrush, and sideoats grama grass on retired farmland in the Avra Valley west of Tucson. We seeded these grasses under three irrigation regimes: no establishment irrigation, two establishment irrigations, and four establishment irrigations. Establishment irrigations significantly increased the forage production of the grasses in the first two years of the 1986 planting and in the first year of the 1987 planting. Buffelgrass, kleingrass, and the lovegrasses appear to be promising species for vegetative cover on retired farmland.
40
Thacker, Gary W. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Response of Fourwing Saltbush to Establishment Irrigation and Weeding". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201265.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This is an experiment on seeding fourwing saltbush (Atriplex canescens) in 80-inch wide waterharvesting microcatchments on retired farmland west of Tucson. At 32 months after planting plots that received the establishment irrigation had more cover than unirrigated plots. Keeping plots free of competing weeds also gave some advantage. However, the coefficient of variation was very high, and none of these differences was statistically significant.
41
Thacker, Gary W., e Jerry R. Cox. "Revegetation of Retired Farmland: Evaluation of Six Range Grasses under Three Irrigation Regimes". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201361.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In July of 1986, we seeded buffelgrass, klein grass, "Catalina" lovegrass, "Cochise" lovegrass, bottlebrush, and sideoats grama grass on retired farmland in the Avra Valley west of Tucson. We seeded these grasses under three irrigation regimes: no establishment irrigation, two establishment irrigations, and four establishment irrigations. In measurements of the standing forage in 1987 -90, four establishment irrigations significantly increased the standing forage over the unirrigated treatments. However, the two irrigation treatment was not significantly different from either four irrigations or no irrigations. Buffelgrass, klein grass, and the lovegrasses appear to be promising species for vegetative cover for this site. We have also measured significant increases in the standing forage over the last four years.
42
Hunter, Sally Ann. "Habitat classification with reference to flooding and salinity, to assist with the vegetation of a saline artificial wetland /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh947.pdf.
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43
Meredith, Kelly Robyn. "The Influence of Soil Reconstruction Methods on Mineral Sands Mine Soil Properties". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31006.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Significant deposits of heavy mineral sands (primarily ilmenite and zircon) are located in
Virginia in Dinwiddie, Sussex and Greensville counties. Most deposits are located under prime
farmland, and thus require intensive reclamation when mined. The objective of this study was to
determine the effect of four different mine soil reconstruction methods on soil properties and
associated rowcrop productivity. Treatments compared were 1) Biosolids-No Tillage, 2)
Biosolids-Conventional Tillage, 3) Lime+NPK fertilized tailings (Control), and 4) 15-cm
Topsoil over lime+P treated tailings. Treated plots were cropped to corn (Zea Mays L.) in 2005
and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2006. Yields were compared to nearby unmined prime
farmland yields. Over both growing seasons, the two biosolids treatments produced the highest
overall crop yields. The Topsoil treatment produced the lowest corn yields due to relatively poor physical and chemical conditions, but the effect was less obvious for the following wheat crop. Reclaimed land corn and wheat yields were higher than long-term county averages, but they
were consistently lower than unmined plots under identical management. Detailed morphological
study of 20 mine soil pedons revealed significant root-limiting subsoil compaction and textural
stratification. The mine soils classified as Typic Udorthents (11), Typic Udifluvents (4) and
Typic Dystrudepts (5). Overall, mined lands can be successfully returned to intensive
agricultural production with comparable yields to long-term county averages provided extensive
soil amendment and remedial tillage protocols are implemented. However, a significant decrease
(~25 to 35%) in initial productivity should be expected relative to unmined prime farmland.Master of Science
44
Stringer, Lewis Tipton. "Restoration of spotted knapweed infested grasslands in Glacier National Park". Connect to this title online, 2003. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/9202.
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45
Schalau, Jeff. "Planting Pole Cuttings in Riparian Ecosystems". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625565.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
2 p. / Originally published 2000.Riparian ecosystems are found in the transition between aquatic and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems where unique vegetative communities can occur due to free water at or near the soil surface. A healthy, functional riparian plant community provides a rich environment for insects, mollusks, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, birds, and animals. In Arizona, many naturally occurring riparian ecosystems have been impacted, altered or removed by natural processes and land management activities. This publication provides information to assist residents, landowners, and agency personnel in successfully establishing pole plantings in riparian ecosystems of Arizona. Reviewed 10/2016, Originally published 2000.
46
Hill, Stephanie R. "Evaluation of seed and seedling response to aid revegetation of hazardous chemical waste sites". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40671.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The response of several plant species to heavy metal
contaminated soils was evaluated using plant bioassays with
a soil substrate. A natural soil was collected from
Dinwiddie County, Virginia and soil analysis was performed.
The plant species, Lolium multiflorum, setaria italica and
Trifolium rep ens latum, Robinia pseudoacacia, Andropogon
gerardi, Asclepias syriaca, Echinacea purpurea, Rudbeckia
hirta and Festuca rubra were grown in to determine the
response to cupric and cadmium chloride in soils (mg Cu/kg
soil). A few plant species were grown in small pots in a
plant growth chamber for 28 days using control, 10, 30, 100
and 300mg Cu or Cd/kg soil. Germination proved to be less
sensitive than root length. S. italica had highest ECSOs.
In eu 20.7 and 15.3 in Cd. All plant species were grown
for 7 days in 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 10.0, and 30.0mg Cu/kg soil and
in control. Germination was not effected by metal
concentrations in most species (p=0.07-0.6), except
T.repens latum, R. hirta and F. rubra at 30mg/kg
(p=0.0007). Root length was significantly effected by Cu
concentrations for almost all species (p=0.0001-0.0112).
Setaria italica had the highest EC50 at 10.86mg/kg. Robinia
pseudoacacia root length was not significantly affected
by CU concentrations. The other species had EC50s ranging
from 3.74-7.51mg/kg. Both inhibition and stimulation of
root growth were observed.
Preliminary studies regarding germination rates,
fungicides and rangefinding are included.
Master of Science
47
Mustafa, Golam. "Stochastic dynamic optimization approach for revegetation of reclaimed mine soils under uncertain weather regime". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54394.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study presents a comprehensive physically based stochastic dynamic optimization model to assist planners in making decisions concerning mine soil depths and soil mixture ratios required to achieve successful revegetation of mined lands at different probability levels of success, subject to an uncertain weather regime. A perennial grass growth model was modified and validated for predicting vegetation growth in reclaimed mine soils. The plant growth model is based on continuous relationships between plant growth, air temperature, day length, leaf area, photoperiod and plant-soil-moisture stresses. A plant available soil moisture model was adopted to estimate daily soil moisture for mine soils.
A general probability model was developed to estimate the probability of successful revegetation in a 5-year bond release period. The probability model considers five possible bond release criteria ir1 mine soil reclamation planning.
A stochastic dynamic optimization model (SDOM) was developed to find the optimum combination of soil depth and soil mixture ratios that met the successful vegetation standard under non-irrigated conditions with weather as the only random element of the system. The SDOM was applied for Wise County, Virginia, and the model found that 2:1 sandstone/siltstone soil mixture required the minimum soil depth to achieve successful revegetation. These results were also supported by field data. The developed model allows the planners to better manage lands drastically disturbed by surface mining.Ph. D.
48
Scolari, Stephanie B. "Techniques for triggering germination of Adenostoma fasciculatum in revegetation projects at Rocky Canyon Quarry". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/216.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Rocky Canyon Quarry is a granite mine located in the Santa Lucia Mountains about 5 miles southeast of the city of Atascadero. The Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA), which passed in 1975, dictates that California mines must rehabilitate lands disturbed by mining operations. Dr. V. L. Holland and his students in the Biological Sciences Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly) have been working on restoration and revegetation of the Rocky Canyon Quarry since the early 1990’s.
Adenostoma fasciculatum (chamise) dominates the chaparral communities (chamisal chaparral) found in Rocky Canyon. Chamise is the most common shrub in much of California’s chaparral and is adapted to recovery after fires by both seed germination and lignotuber sprouting. In laboratory and greenhouse experiments, it has been shown that chamise seeds have an increased germination rate when subjected to fire related stimulates such as heat, smoke, and charate. The goal of my research, which was conducted over a two year period (2002-2004), is to find successful, inexpensive techniques to restore chamisal chaparral on the mined granite slopes of Rocky Canyon Quarry. My study focused on examining and comparing the different techniques that have been shown by other researchers in laboratory and greenhouse situations to increase the germination rate of chamise. I compared the effects of heat, sulfuric acid, powdered charred wood (charate), and smoke on the germination of chamise seeds under the natural field conditions found in the Rocky Canyon Granite Quarry. Seeds were subjected to between one and four of these treatments, to examine possible interactive effects amongst the treatments, and then placed in plots containing the topsoil used to restore the mined hillsides. Plots remained under natural field conditions, and seedlings were counted following emergence. Results of my studies indicate that the smoke related treatments of liquid smoke and chamise smoke have the greatest effect in increasing the seed germination rate of chamise and that there is little to no benefit in subjecting chamise seeds to more than one treatment.
49
Michel, James T. Helfield James M. "Seed rain and selected species germination and growth trials : implications for natural and augmented revegetation of post-dam Elwha River floodplain and reservoir sediments /". Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=361&CISOBOX=1&REC=5.
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50
Jayawardana, Chandamali University of Ballarat. "Littoral macroinverterbrates in relation to native and exotic riparian vegetation in streams of central Victoria, Australia". University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12773.
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"Exotic willows (Salix spp.) are widespread riparian tree species of streams in temperate Australian and New Zealand. In Australian willow speicies are declared weeds of national significance, yet little is known about the novel habitats they create not the impact on aquatic biota of vegetation change following willow management programs ..." [leaf i]Doctor of Philosophy