Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Respect for life"
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Nyström, Helena. "Parkinson’s disease : the prodromal phase and consequences with respect to working life". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Geriatrik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120215.
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Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, recognized by the motor symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural impairment. At clinical onset, extensive amounts of dopaminergic neurons have already been lost. The duration of this prodromal phase is uncertain, and it is thought to include predominantly non-motor symptoms. The progressive nature and the symptoms of PD are disabling and reduces the quality of life. Among patients affected in working age, early cessation of employment is common, and such socioeconomic consequences of PD may contribute to an impaired quality of life. The aims of this thesis were to investigate the life situation for people affected by PD in working age, with attention to factors of importance for quality of life and working situation, and to evaluate long-term associations between potential prodromal signs and the later development of PD.Methods: We used a postal survey to investigate the self-perceived life situation among working-aged individuals with PD compared to matched controls, with a specific attention to socioeconomic consequences of disease (paper I). To investigate risk markers preceding the diagnosis of PD (paper II-IV), we used data from nationwide registers. Study II was performed as a cohort study, based on the Swedish Military Service Conscription Register, and study III-IV were performed as nested case-control studies based on a cohort comprising all Swedish citizens aged ≥50 years in 2005.Results: In the survey study (paper I), 38% of the PD participants and 9% of the controls were dissatisfied with life as a whole, and the working situation was an independent risk factor for dissatisfaction with life. In total, 59% of the PD participants had reduced working hours or stopped working due to PD, and many PD participants struggled to cope with their work demands. Support from employer was associated with a higher likelihood to remain employed.We found that low muscle strength in young adulthood, (paper II) and depression (paper III) were associated with an increased risk of PD over follow-up times of more than 2 decades, and that patients with PD were at increased risk of fall-related injuries, hip fractures in particular, a decade or more before the PD diagnosis (paper IV). For depression and fall-related injuries, the association with PD was clearly time-dependent, strongest in the last years before the diagnosis of PD.Conclusions: The results suggest that the prodromal phase of PD may last for more than 2 decades and include also motor symptoms. The consequences of PD include a reduced quality of life associated with the working situation. Employer’s support appear to be particularly important for a successful vocational rehabilitation.
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Smedberg, Sandra. "Educators’ and learners’ view on feedback : a study about feedback, respect and corporal punishment in a South African school". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31578.
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South Africa has a complex history which has, among other things, affected the education system. The system is still in crisis in many ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate the educators’ approach to learners and vice versa in a South African school. It is to examine the overall respect between educators and learners and how educators give learners feedback. The aim is also to find out if corporal punishment is a common way to discipline learners and to investigate the educators’ way to give praise and confirmation. The study was made on a High School outside Cape Town and it includes qualitative interviews with three educators and three learners. The results of the interviews are presented in three categories, which is: feedback, respect and corporal punishment. First, the results show that the feedback is a subject that can be improved. According to the respondents they are doing things right but also quite a few things wrong. They all think that feedback is extremely important for the learners’ development, but only if it is provided in the right way. Second, it shows an overall lack of respect in the South African school, which is reflecting the issues in the communities and in the learners’ homes. But it is something that the Department of Basic Education is trying to improve with the help from the Life Orientation subject. Finally, the results show that a lot of the respondents have mixed feelings about the banning of corporal punishment and that is partly why it is hard to get rid of. This study shows a deeper understanding of these issues and why South Africa still struggle with developing their education system.
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Hart, Jennifer A. "An analysis of the primordial soup hypothesis with respect to DNA structure and the genetic code". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 1995. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Dowling, Tessa. "Isihlonipho sabafazi : the Xhosa women's language of respect : a sociolinguistic exploration". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14268.
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Bibliography: leaves 166-172.Isihlonipho Sabafazi (the Xhosa women's language of respect) is a language in which syllables occurring in the names of menfolk are avoided by women. Thie thesis attempts to place the practice in it social context by applying both descriptive and analytical methodologies. The thesis include a literature survey and a critique on the dynamics of gender and language. The results of interviews conducted in three areas, one urban and two rural, are analysed and tabulated. A glossary of substitute words is included.
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Athea, Valene. "La gouvernance d'entreprise face au respect de la vie privée des salariés". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0063/document.
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La notion de gouvernance semble recouvrir des thèmes proches du terme «gouverner», de la prise de décision et de l’évaluation.La gouvernance d’entreprise propose une nouvelle conception du processus de décision, accordant toute sa place à la concertation entre les parties prenantes. Le délégué syndical intervient dans ce sens, en effet, il a une mission de revendication (par exemple concernant la hausse des salaires), il est l’interlocuteur du syndicat auprès de l’employeur, il négocie avec ce dernier les normes de l’entreprise (accords et conventions collectives)Encadrée par des lois assurant l'indispensable transparence, la gouvernance d'entreprise serait théoriquement le moyen d'assurer au mieux les intérêts multiples des acteurs concernés (salariés et employeurs).C’est la raison pour laquelle il parait opportun de faire un parallèle entre l’exercice de la gouvernance d’entreprise par les acteurs concernés et le respect de la vie privée des salariés.Ce parallèle entre vie privée et gouvernance de l’entreprise a notamment été mis en exergue avec l’affaire Novartis (6 octobre 2004).L’entreprise Novartis a mis en place en 1999 un code de bonne conduite pour rappeler certains principes éthiques, seulement ce texte a été complété en juillet 2004 par de surprenantes dispositions jugées attentatoires à la vie privée des salariés par le Tribunal de Nanterre. Ce code de conduite demande notamment aux salariés de Novartis " qu'ils consacrent tout leur temps et toute leur attention au travail de Novartis pendant les heures de travail habituelles... Le temps requis pour une occupation extérieure peut générer une baisse de la productivité ". En outre, le groupe estime que "le temps requis pour une occupation extérieure, qu'elle soit de type gouvernemental, politique ou bénévole, peut générer une baisse de la productivité et de l'efficacité d'un collaborateur créant ainsi un conflit d'intérêts" Aussi Novartis exige également " une autorisation préalable " de la direction pour ce type d'activités.Le tribunal des référés de Nanterre va rendre une décision qui va porter en outre sur le fond en jugeant que ces " alinéas sont susceptibles de nuire à la santé mentale des salariés et portent atteinte à la vie privée ".La direction ne fera finalement pas appel et soumettra au Comité de groupe ainsi qu'au comité d’hygiène, de sécurité et des conditions de travail une nouvelle version de son code éthique.La gouvernance d’entreprise peut donc être limitée par le respect de la vie privée des salariés.La vie privée est l'ensemble des activités d'une personne qui relève de son intimité par opposition à la vie publique.Il parait plus juste de mentionner un "droit à l'intimité de la vie privée".En effet, il s’agit d’un droit fondamental, proclamé par la loi, inscrit dans la déclaration des droits de l'homme de 1948 (article 12), la Convention européenne des Droits de l’Homme et des libertés fondamentales (article 8), à l’article 9 du Code civil et à l’article 226-1 du Code Pénal.Les composantes de la vie privée n'ont pas fait l'objet d'une définition ou d'une énumération limitative afin d'éviter de limiter la protection aux seules prévisions légales. Les tribunaux ont appliqué le principe de cette protection, au droit à la vie sentimentale et à la vie familiale, au secret relatif à la santé, au secret de la résidence et du domicile, et au droit à l'image. Par ailleurs, il convient de préciser que c’est le contrat de travail qui détermine les règles, obligations et devoirs de chacune des parties (l’employeur et le salarié), il ne peut concerner que le temps passé au travail.Des circonstances extérieures à la vie professionnelle et tenant à la vie privée du salarié ne peuvent être prises en considération, sauf si elles affectent la relation salarialeThe notion of governance seems to cover themes close to the term "to govern", of the grip of decision and the evaluation.It represents all the organs and the rules of decision, information (transparency) and supervision allowing the legal successors and the partners of a company, to see their respected interests and their voices in the functioning of this one.The governance of company proposes a new conception of the process of decision, granting all its place to the dialogue between the stakeholders.The union representative intervenes in this sense, indeed, he has a mission of claiming (for example concerning the increase in salaries), he is the interlocutor of the labor union(syndicate) with the employer, he negotiates with the latter the standards of the company (agreements and collective labor agreements)Framed by laws assuring the essential transparency, the governance of company would be in theory the way to assure at best the multiple interests of the actors concerned (employees and employers).It is the reason why it seemed convenient to draw a parallel between the exercise of the governance of company by the concerned actors and the respect for private life of the employees.The governance of company can be limited by the respect for private life of the employees.It is about a fundamental law, proclaimed by the law, registered in the bill of rights of 1948 (article 12), the European Convention on Human Rights and fundamental liberties (article 8), on the article 9 of the Civil code and on the article 226-1 of the Penal code.The components of the private life were not the object of a definition or a restrictive enumeration to avoid limiting the protection to the only legal forecasts. The courts applied the principle of this protection, in the right to life sentimental and in the family life, in the secret concerning the health, concerning the secret of the residence and the place of residence, and concerning the right(law) for the image
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Kyle, Rebecca Kate. "Assessing the vulnerabilities of early life stages of Margaritifera margaritifera with respect to ex-situ conservation". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707807.
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Freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) population declines in Northern Ireland led to an ex situ breeding programme being established on the Ballinderry River in 1998 by the Ballinderry Rivers Trust. If the causes of the initial threats or declines have been remedied it is recommended that captive- bred individuals are returned to their natural habitat to help avoid domestication by not retaining them in captivity for extended periods. Mussel silos (upwelling mussel housing system) were found to be a useful intermediate release method with a mean survival rate of 81%. Differences of survival between various size classes led to the recommendation that mussels should be maintained in the hatchery environment until they are approximately 10 mm to maximise potential survival. M. margaritifera populations in Northern Ireland are regarded as overaged and reproductively nonfunctional. Therefore, to delay their extinction, artificial mussel populations were assembled using translocated wild adults and captive bred juveniles which would have the potential to become selfrecruiting. Recovery by observers and survival varied strongly across sites with the majority of mussels moving from their initial release site during the course of the study. Broodstock for captive breeding has been maintained in the Ballinderry Fish Hatchery since 1998. Despite rotation of the broodstock in 2010 in an attempt to maintain genetic diversity in captive bred juveniles significant levels of inbreeding remain. Individuals recently discovered in the Ballinderry catchment showed distinct differences in allele frequencies from the current hatchery broodstock. It is recommended that such individuals should be used for broodstock rotation to genetic diversity in future generations. Juvenile bivalves often use pedal feeding until the ctenidia are fully developed. Serial sections of juvenile mussels suggest that mussels 4 mm long are in transition from pedal to filter feeding because, although a ventral food groove is present, the outer demibranch of the ctenidium is only beginning to form and there are no labial palps. Mussels 8 mm long have all the features found in adult mussels, including palps suggesting they are predominantly filter feeders at this stage.
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Stubbs, Wendy Jane. "Modelling the windows of opportunity of the life history stages of Triglochin procerum with respect to water regime /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.B/09s.bs932.pdf.
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Isaacson, Mary J. "The Paradox of Respect and Risk: Six Lakota Adolescents Speak". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1895.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on August 27, 2009). School of Nursing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Melinda M. Swenson, Kathleen M. Russell, Deborah Stiffler, Larry J. Zimmerman. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-185).
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White-Sansom, Lorna J. "Is stalking a routine rational activity?: an analysis of 'stalking behaviours' with respect to the 'new criminologies of everyday life'". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508186.
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SANTOS, GEAN CARLOS DOS. "ABOUT A STUDY OF THE CONCEPTION OF LIFE IN THE CONTEMPORARY DAYS AND ITS THEOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: HAVING AS REFERENTIAL THE RESPECT FOR THE LIFE FROM THE POOR PERSON". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10101@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA presente pesquisa trata-se de um estudo da concepção de vida na contemporaneidade e sua relevância teológica, tendo como referencial o respeito pela vida a partir do pobre. A nossa pesquisa surgiu da constatação da emergência de um novo paradigma civilizacional, capaz de resgatar as dimensões da vida humana e do cosmos, especialmente dos seres vivos mais fragilizados e ameaçados. É necessário a abertura a novas questões e à busca de respostas aos grandes desafios da nossa época, a partir do humanismo cristão, participando, ativamente do debate cultural em que se configura a sociedade do presente e do futuro. Daí, pois a importância de pesquisar acerca de uma ética da vida, que implique respeito para os novos tempos, necessária e possível, que possa introduzir o dever onde tudo é poder, é um desafio urgente. Este desafio contemporâneo exige estar atento e ser perspicaz para apreender a necessidade de elaborar uma teologia, capaz de superar o antropo e o androcentrismo, compreendendo a pessoa humana como inter e retrorrelacionada e responsável pelas gerações que estão por vir. A idéia da central de nossa pesquisa emerge da necessidade de focalizar a produção científica e a conseqüente geração de conhecimento de maneira orgânica e transdisciplinar, levando em consideração o Ensino do Magistério e as verdades da fé cristã. Assim, a nossa pesquisa quer contribuir pró-ativamente, para que a opção pelos pobres, a promoção da justiça, a defesa da vida e dos direitos humanos e a ecologia como casa comum da humanidade, sejam a referência fundamental do interesse social da ação humana no mundo. Metodologicamente procuraremos primeiramente assimilar a compreensão contemporânea da vida, mediante as ciências da vida e a nova cosmologia. Dois autores serão muito importantes para nosso estudo, pois resumem muito bem esta visão. Frijtof Capra, com sua compreensão da vida como teia introretrorelacionada; Leonardo Boff, com a sua visão de Ecologia como comum de todos, fundamentada numa Ética da Vida que leve em consideração o grito dos pobres, o respeito pela vida a partir do cuidado, como direito e dever de todos, em vista de uma nova humanidade. Por fim, fazemos uma leitura teológica a partir das fontes da fé, Escritura e Tradição eclesial, confrontando esses paradigmas, buscando pontos de contato, que possam servir como pontos de referencia para nossa reflexão acerca do respeito pela vida a partir do pobre e sua relevância para o discurso teológico contemporâneo.
The present research is about a study of the conception of life in the contemporary days and its theological relevance, having as referential the respect for the life from the poor person. Our research appeared of the ascertainment of the emergency of a new civilization paradigm, capable to rescue the dimensions of the human life and the cosmos, especially of the living beings more weakened and threatened. Opening is necessary for the new questions and the search of answers to the great challenges of our time, from the Christian humanism, participating actively of the cultural debate where the society of the present and the future configures itself. From there, therefore, the importance to search concerning ethics of the life, that implies respect to the new times, necessary and possible, that can introduce the duty where everything is to be able, is an urgent challenge. This contemporary challenge demands to be intent and to be perspicacious to apprehend the necessity to elaborate a theology capable to surpass anthrop and the androcentrism, understanding the human person as being inter and retro- related and responsible for the generations that are for coming. The central idea of our research emerges of the necessity to focus the scientific production and the consequent generation of knowledge in organic way and transdisciplinary, taking account of the Teaching of the Mastership and the truths of the Christian faith. Thus, our research intends pro-actively to contribute so that the option for the poor persons, the promotion of the justice, the defense of the life and of the human rights and the ecology as common house of the humanity are the basic reference of the social interest of the human action in the world. Methodologically we will first look for to assimilate the contemporary understanding of the life, by means of sciences of the life and the new cosmology. Two authors will be very important for our study, since they summarize well this vision. Frijtof Capra, with its understanding of the life as a introretrorelated net; Leonardo Boff, with its vision of Ecology as common house of all, based on an Ethics of the Life that takes account of the shout of the poor persons, the respect for the life from the care, as right and duty of all, in view of a new humanity. Finally, we make a theological reading from the sources of the faith, Writing and ecclesial Tradition, collating these paradigms, searching contact points that can serve as points of reference for our reflection concerning the respect for the life from the poor person and its relevance for the contemporary theological speech.
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Paul, Jenny Sueanna. "Life History And Secondary Production Of Cheumatopsyche Lasia Ross (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) With Respect To A Wastewater Treatment Facility In A North Texas Urban Stream". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103372/.
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This study represents the first shift in multivoltine life history of Cheumatopsyche species from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in North America. Populations of C. lasia were examined upstream and downstream of the Denton’s Pecan Creek WWTP August 2009 through November 2010. C. lasia is multivoltine in Pecan Creek with three cohorts observed upstream of the WWTP and four possible cohorts downstream. A fourth generation was possible downstream as thermal inputs from WWTP effluent resulted in elevated water temperatures that allowed larval development to progress through the winter producing a cohort ready to emerge in spring. Production of C. lasia was 5 times greater downstream of the WWTP with secondary production estimates of 1.3 g m-2 yr-1 and 4.88- 6.51 g m-2 yr-1, respectively. Differences in abundance were due to increased habitat availability downstream of the WWTP in addition to continuous stream flow from inputs of wastewater effluent. Results also suggest that C. lasia is important for energy transfer in semiarid urban prairie streams and may serve as a potential conduit for the transfer of energy along with emergent contaminants to terrestrial ecosystems. These finding highlight the need for more quantitative accounts of population dynamics (voltinism, development rates, secondary production, and P/B) of aquatic insect species to fully understand the ecology and energy dynamics of urban systems.
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Pereira, M. F. V. T., M. Williams e Preez W. B. Du. "Characterization of metal powder based rapid prototyping components with respect to aluminium high pressure die casting process conditions". Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 8, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/563.
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Published ArticleThis paper is based on tests performed on die component specimens manufactured by EOS-DMLS (direct metal laser sintering) and LENS (laser engineered net shape) RP (rapid prototyping) technology platforms, as well as manufactured specimens machined out of preferred standard hot work steel DIN 1.2344. These specimens resemble typical components used in metal high pressure die casting tool sets. The specimens were subjected to a programme of cyclic immersion in molten aluminium alloy and cooling in water-based die release medium. The heat checking and soldering phenomena were analyzed through periodic inspections, monitoring crack formation and evidence of surface washout. At the end of the thermal tests, mechanical strength and hardness tests were performed to assess toughness and core resistance variations in relation to the initial conditions. Finally metallographic investigations were performed through optical microscopy on all the specimens considered. The outcomes of this research will be presented and used by the CSIR for further development and application of the assessed EOS-DMLS and LENS rapid prototyping technologies in rapid die manufacturing techniques and die design principles, including time and economic feasibility criteria to be applied when considering rapid die manufacture.
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Davis, Rachel Kathless. "F.R.E.E.D.O.M. finding release to explore and experience dimensions of me : development of a family life education program /". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1146160314.
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Bartusevičiūtė, Giedrė. "Teisė susijungti su šeima Europos Sąjungoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20100224_102449-10553.
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Šeimos susijungimas garantuojamas tarptautinių ir ES teisės aktų bei nacionalinių teisės aktų pagrindu. Teisė susijungti su šeima trečiųjų šalių piliečiams ES tiesiogiai įvardija direktyva 2003/86/EB. Šeimos susijungimo atveju, šeimos nariais gali būti sutuoktinis(ė) bei jo(s) nepilnamečiai vaikai. Nacionaliniai teisės aktai gali numatyti ir kitus šeimos narius, atsižvelgus į pasekmių, kurios kiltų neleidus susijungti, sunkumą.
Įvertinus ES piliečių ir jų šeimos narių apsigyvenimą ES valstybių narių teritorijoje bei trečiųjų šalių šeimų apsigyvenimą ES teritorijoje galime teigti, kad trečiųjų šalių piliečių ir jo šeimos narių apsigyvenimas yra apibrėžtas didesne sąlygų išpildymo apimtimi, dėl kurių šeimoms ir kyla daug problemų. Trečiųjų šalių piliečiai teisės susijungti atžvilgiu gali būti pabėgėlio statusą turintys asmenys arba kiti užsieniečiai, kurie turi laikiną arba nuolatinį leidimą gyventi ES.
Teisės susijungti su šeima kontekste išryškėja šios problemos. Pirma, fiktyvios santuokos sudarymas, siekiant apsigyventi ES valstybių narių teritorijoje ne dėl šeimos santykių, o dėl to, kad gauti ES leidimą gyventi. Antra, nesantuokinės partnerystės ir tos pačios lyties santuokų sudarymo problematika, nes įvairios valstybės narės skirtingai reglamentuoja šiuos santykius. Trečia, nors suteikiamos teisės artimos pabėgėlio statusui, tačiau asmenims besinaudojantiems laikina ir papildoma apsauga, teisė susijungti garantuojama ne visose ES valstybėse. Ketvirta, reikalavimo dėl... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Family reunification is guaranteed by both by EU and national legislation. Right to reunify with family members for 3rd countries citizens in EU is defined by directive 2003/86/EB. Family members are defined as a spouse and his/her under-age children. National law can also determine other family members depending on consequences that might arise due to family inability to reunify. Estimating settlement of EU and non-EU citizens in EU territory it can be noticed that for citizens of 3rd countries and their family members settling is more restricted due to requirements to meet more conditions. Citizens of 3rd countries that can apply for reunification are persons that have refugee status or have temporary or permanent residence permit in EU. A few problems was noticed analysing EU family reunification law. First is fictitiuos marriage in order to settle in EU territory not due to family relationships, but due to having residence permit in EU. Secondly, non-marital partnership and marriage of the citizens of the same sex regulation in EU members varies. Thirdly, for persons, having temporary or complementary protection, right to reunify with family is not guaranteed in all EU countries even if they receive rights similar to refugee status. Finally, there is a problem of requirement to live in EU member state for a certain period before reunification, because EU law transfer to national legislation varies from country to country and for example in Lithuania is even inaccurate... [to full text]
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Lariviere, Robert Dean. "A critique of the Instruction on respect for human life in its origin and on the dignity of procreation, in relation to Catholic revisionist moral theology". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.
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Albayrak, Sabrina. "Respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées en institution : impacts sur la perception de la qualité de vie des résidents". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV017.
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L’objectif général de la thèse était d’une part d’étudier le rôle de l’impact des politiques menées en matière de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques dans les EHPAD/EHPA sur l’émergence des libertés des résidents et d’autre part sur le choix de leur mode de vie.La première partie de la thèse visait à étudier l’état du vieillissement, le statut des personnes âgées en France et l’influence de nos représentations sociales sur leurs comportements. L’hypothèse d’une association entre les préjugés que porte la société sur les personnes âgées et la réduction de leur autonomie a été induite.La deuxième partie de la thèse visait à mieux comprendre les possibilités d’expression des résidents en EHPAD/EHPA et quels étaient les facteurs qui permettaient leur émergence dans des lieux normalisés. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que, quel que soit le niveau de dépendance d’une personne (physique et/ou psychique), celle-ci possédera toujours des marges de liberté dont l’expression est déterminée par des facteurs externes et internes à elle.La troisième partie de la thèse s’est intéressée aux politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées et aux enjeux éthiques, médicaux et sociaux que cette notion soulève. L’hypothèse d’une association entre l’application de ces politiques et un contexte organisationnel a été soulevée.Enfin, dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié l’impact des politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des résidents sur la perception de leur qualité de vie. Pour cela, nous avons coproduit une grille d’indicateurs nous permettant de distinguer les institutions respectueuses des droits et des risques des personnes âgées avec des résidents. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus montrent l’importance de prendre en compte le respect et la dignité des personnes âgées tant au niveau individuel que contextuel dans l’étude des facteurs protecteurs de la qualité de vieThe aim of this thesis was first to study how the liberty of the residents in nursing homes for elderly has been impacted by the policies led regarding the respect of the right to choose and to take risks. Secondly, we studied the impact they had on the way of living chosen by the elderly.The first part of the thesis aims at studying the state of the aging process and the status of the elderly in France and the influence of our own social representations, on their behavior. The hypothesis of a link between our Society’s prejudices on the elderly and the decrease in their autonomy is implicit.The second part of the thesis aims at better understanding the nursing homes residents’ expression possibilities. We also focused on the factors which would allow their emergence in standard places at all levels of social life.Our main hypothesis is that the dependency level of a person (physical and/or psychological) is no impediment to his or her capacity to bear in mind their liberty margin, which expression is determined by external and internal personal factors.The third part of the thesis tackles the policies put in place to respect the elderly rights to choose and take risks within their caring homes, as well as the ethical, medical and social stakes raised by this notion.The hypothesis of the link between the setting up of these policies and a certain organizational context has been emphasized.Finally, in the last part, we studied the impact the policies applied on the respect to choose and take risks had on the residents’ perception of their quality of life.An indicator grid has been co-produced to distinguish the institutions respect of their residents’ rights and risks.The results we obtained highlights the significance of taking into account the respect and the dignity of the elderly in the study of the protective factors of the quality of life, both at the individual and contextual level
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Tirok, Katrin. "Predator-prey dynamics under the influence of exogenous and endogenous regulation : a data-based modeling study on spring plankton with respect to climate change". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2452/.
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Understanding the interactions of predators and their prey and their responses to environmental changes is one of the striking features of ecological research. In this thesis, spring dynamics of phytoplankton and its consumers, zooplankton, were considered in dependence on the environmental conditions in a deep lake (Lake Constance) and a shallow marine water (mesocosms from Kiel Bight), using descriptive statistics, multiple regression models, and process-oriented dynamic simulation models.
The development of the spring phytoplankton bloom, representing a dominant feature in the plankton dynamics in temperate and cold oceans and lakes, may depend on temperature, light, and mixing intensity, and the success of over-wintering phyto- and zooplankton. These factors are often correlated in the field. Unexpectedly, irradiance often dominated algal net growth rather than vertical mixing even in deep Lake Constance. Algal net losses from the euphotic layer to larger depth were induced by vertical mixing, but were compensated by the input from larger depth when algae were uniformly distributed over the water column.
Dynamics of small, fast-growing algae were well predicted by abiotic variables, such as surface irradiance, vertical mixing intensity, and temperature. A simulation model additionally revealed that even in late winter, grazing may represent an important loss factor of phytoplankton during calm periods when losses due to mixing are small. The importance of losses by mixing and grazing changed rapidly as it depended on the variable mixing intensity. Higher temperature, lower global irradiance and enhanced mixing generated lower algal biomass and primary production in the dynamic simulation model. This suggests that potential consequences of climate change may partly counteract each other. The negative effect of higher temperatures on phytoplankton biomass was due to enhanced temperature-sensitive grazing losses. Comparing the results from deep Lake Constance to those of the shallow mesocosm experiments and simulations, confirmed the strong direct effect of light in contrast to temperature, and the importance of grazing already in early spring as soon as moderate algal biomasses developed.
In Lake Constance, ciliates dominated the herbivorous zooplankton in spring. The start of ciliate net growth in spring was closely linked to that of edible algae, chlorophyll a and the vertical mixing intensity but independent of water temperature. The duration of ciliate dominance in spring was largely controlled by the highly variable onset of the phytoplankton bloom, and little by the less variable termination of the ciliate bloom by grazing of meta-zooplankton. During years with an extended spring bloom of algae and ciliates, they coexisted at relatively high biomasses over 15-30 generations, and internally forced species shifts were observed in both communities. Interception feeders alternated with filter feeders, and cryptomonads with non-cryptomonads in their relative importance.
These dynamics were not captured by classical 1-predator-1-prey models which consistently predict pronounced predator-prey cycles or equilibria with either the predator or the prey dominating or suppressed. A multi-species predator-prey model with predator species differing in their food selectivity, and prey species in their edibility reproduced the observed patterns. Food-selectivity and edibility were related to the feeding and growth characteristics of the species, which represented ecological trade-offs. For example, the prey species with the highest edibility also had the highest maximum growth rate. Data and model revealed endogenous driven ongoing species alternations, which yielded a higher variability in species-specific biomasses than in total predator and prey biomass. This holds for a broad parameter space as long as the species differ functionally.
A more sophisticated model approach enabled the simulation of a continuum of different functional types and adaptability of predator and prey communities to altered environmental conditions, and the maintenance of a rather low model complexity, i.e., low number of equations and free parameters. The community compositions were described by mean functional traits --- prey edibility and predator food-selectivity --- and their variances. The latter represent the functional diversity of the communities and thus, the potential for adaptation. Oscillations in the mean community trait values indicated species shifts.
The community traits were related to growth and grazing characteristics representing similar trade-offs as in the multi-species model. The model reproduced the observed patterns, when nonlinear relationships between edibility and capacity, and edibility and food availability for the predator were chosen. A constant minimum amount of variance represented ongoing species invasions and thus, preserved a diversity which allows adaptation on a realistic time-span.Eine der großen Herausforderungen der heutigen ökologischen Forschung ist es, Veränderungen von Ökosystemen vorherzusagen, die mit dem Klimawandel einhergehen. Dafür sind ein umfassendes Verständnis der verschiedenen Steuerungsfaktoren des entsprechenden Systems und Kenntnisse zur Anpassungsfähigkeit des Systems nötig. Auf der Grundlage dieses Wissens, können mit mathematischen Modellen Klimaszenarien gerechnet und Vorhersagen erstellt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte die Regulation des Phytoplanktons (kleine freischwebende einzellige Algen) und seiner Konsumenten (Zooplankton, tierische Kleinstlebewesen) sowie deren Wechselspiel während des Frühjahrs mit Bezug auf den Klimawandel. Als Basis dienten langjährige Daten von einem großen tiefen See (Bodensee) sowie Daten von Versuchen mit Organismen aus einem flachen marinen Gewässer (Kieler Förde, Ostsee). Diese Daten wurden mit statistischen Verfahren und mathematischen Modellen ausgewertet. In Gewässern sind Algen als Primärproduzenten die Nahrungsgrundlage für tierische Organismen bis hin zu Fischen und Meeresfrüchten, und bestimmen die Wasserqualität der Gewässer. Daher ist es wichtig zu verstehen, welche Mechanismen die Dynamik der Algen steuern. Der Grundstein für die saisonale Entwicklung von Phyto- und Zooplankton in Gewässern unserer Breiten wird mit dem Beginn des Wachstums im Frühjahr gelegt. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass es bereits im zeitigen, noch kalten Frühjahr ein Wechselspiel physikalischer und biologischer Steuerungsmechanismen für die Algenentwicklung gibt. Physikalische Faktoren sind die Wassertemperatur, die Globalstrahlung und die Durchmischung des Gewässers, die durch die Stärke des Windes beeinflusst wird. All diese Steuerungsmechanismen sind eng miteinander verwoben und werden unterschiedlich stark vom Klimawandel beeinflusst. Mit mathematischen Modellen gelang es den Einfluss einzelner Faktoren voneinander zu trennen und zu zeigen, dass Effekte durch den Klimawandel sich gegenseitig aufheben oder aber auch verstärken können. Schon geringe Änderungen an der Basis der Nahrungsnetze können weitreichende Auswirkungen auf höhere Ebenen habe. Wie stark diese Auswirkungen im Einzelnen sind, hängt entscheidend von der Anpassungsfähigkeit gesamter Ökosysteme und ihrer Artengemeinschaften sowie einzelner Individuen ab. Beispielsweise reagiert die Algengemeinschaft auf einen starken Fraßdruck ihrer Räuber mit einer Verschiebung zu weniger gut fressbaren Algenarten. Diese weniger gut fressbaren Arten unterscheiden sich jedoch auch in anderen Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel der Ressourcenausnutzung, von besser fressbaren Algen. In dieser Arbeit wurden Modellansätze entwickelt, die diese Fähigkeit zur Anpassung berücksichtigen. Auf dieser Grundlage und mit Einbeziehung der physikalischen Steuerungsfaktoren können Klimaszenarien gerechnet werden und Vorhersagen für den Einfluss des Klimawandels auf unsere Gewässer gemacht werden, die letztlich auch Perspektiven für Handlungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen.
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Farget, Doris. "Le droit au respect des modes de vie minoritaires et autochtones dans les contentieux internationaux des droits de l'homme". Thèse, Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4518.
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La présente recherche a pour objectif d’expliquer et d’évaluer le processus d’émergence du droit au respect des modes de vie minoritaires et autochtones, qui se manifeste devant deux juridictions et une quasi-juridiction : les cours européenne et interaméricaine des droits de l’homme et le Comité des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies, dont les jurisprudences feront l’objet d’une comparaison.
Un tel sujet soulève plusieurs questions, dont celles de savoir à quel stade de ce processus nous en sommes, quel est le niveau de juridicité de la norme, mais aussi, quelle est la signification de ce droit, quels en sont les apports et comment se produit sa mise en œuvre. En proposer une interprétation éclairée suppose d’évaluer la référence au concept de mode de vie faite par les requérants, les juges et les experts. Cette démarche implique d’avoir recours à l’interdisciplinarité, plus précisément à certaines études anthropologiques. Cela requiert également un examen du discours des juges, des experts et des requérants pour en observer les convergences et les décalages.
Quant aux résultats de recherche, le rôle de plusieurs acteurs au processus d’émergence de la norme nouvelle – les requérants, les juges ou les experts et les États – est souligné. Cela confirme la théorie de la polycentricité en matière de construction de certaines règles de droit international. La juridicité du droit au respect des modes de vie minoritaires et autochtones et sa force varient en fonction des systèmes, mais il possède toujours les caractéristiques propres à la norme juridique internationale. Cette dernière consacre un droit spécifique appartenant aux peuples autochtones et tribaux ou aux membres de peuples autochtones et minoritaires. Elle protège un rapport au territoire, soit un mode d’appréhension et d’exploitation, mais aussi de circulation et d’établissement sur celui-ci, ainsi que des activités.
Les requérants roms, tribaux ou autochtones participent, bien qu’officieusement, à la définition juridique de leurs modes de vie, puisque les requêtes qu’ils déposent devant les juridictions supranationales constituent le fondement des interprétations judiciaires. Malgré ce processus de codétermination, certains décalages persistent entre les positions des divers acteurs impliqués dans la détermination du sens de la norme. Ils sont liés à l’impossibilité pour les juges d’appliquer au cas d’espèce une protection de leurs modes de vie, à l’éloignement entre la position des requérants et celle de l’État défendeur ou encore à la protection des droits des tiers.
Une double surdétermination de la norme est donc constatée, par les conceptions des juges ou des experts, mais aussi par celles des requérants. Elle comporte certains risques d’essentialisation et d’idéalisation des modes de vie minoritaires et autochtones, de paternalisme, de victimisation ou de discrimination vis-à-vis des requérants ou de leurs communautés, sachant que ces risques sont tous à même de dénaturer le sens et la portée de la norme.
Pour autant, cette dernière est porteuse d’avancées théoriques. Celles-ci ont trait à la coexistence, au sein de territoires identiques, entre groupes aux identités différentes, à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie des requérants et au processus de reconnaissance.
La place occupée par la volonté des États, l’importance pour les juges de préserver leur légitimité, de même que le caractère idéaliste ou dogmatique de l’interprétation proposée, en limitent les apports théoriques.
Il ressort de cette réflexion que la bonne articulation des divers discours en présence et l’émergence d’une norme efficace tiennent d’abord à l’énonciation et à la clarté des revendications des requérants minoritaires et autochtones. Elles tiennent ensuite à la réceptivité des agents qui les reçoivent – juges et experts – ainsi qu’au contexte politique, social et culturel qui les entourent. Cette analyse met ainsi en évidence l’importance d’exploiter la marge de manœuvre dont dispose chaque acteur du processus d’émergence dans la détermination du sens et de la portée des normes.This research aims to explain and evaluate the emergence of a right of minorities and indigenous peoples to the respect of their ways of life, appearing before the European court of human rights, the Inter-American court of human rights and the United Nations Human rights Committee. The decisions and communications stemming from these tribunals will be analyzed and compared. This topic raises several questions regarding the legality of this norm, its meaning, effectiveness and limits, but also its implementation. In order to offer an interpretation of the content of that right, we need to evaluate the references made to it by the claimants, the judges and experts, which implicates an interdisciplinary approach focused on anthropological studies of law. This leads us to examine the discourses of judges, experts and claimants, to compare them and to observe their confluences and discrepancies. The results of this study show us that the emergence of this new norm is dependent upon the intervention of several agents – the claimants, the judges, the experts of the Committee and the States. This observation therefore confirms the polycentric process of construction of international legal rules. As to the legality and the effectiveness of the right of minorities and indigenous peoples to their ways of life, they vary according to the legal system, even if this right always corresponds to a legal rule. This rule consecrates a specific right belonging to indigenous and tribal people or to the members of indigenous people and minorities. It protects a relationship to the territory, i.e. a way to comprehend and to exploit it, to circulate on it and to inhabitate it. It also protects some activities. The indigenous, tribal and romas applicants unofficially take part in the legal definition of their ways of life, as the requests they submit to the international tribunals are cornerstones of judicial interpretations. In spite of a process of co-determination of the norm, gaps are observed between the positions of the different actors participating to the determination of the norm. They are either related to the impossibility for some judges to apply the right to a way of life to the case, to the distance between the positions of the claimants and the states, or to the protection of third parties. Consequently, a process of double distortion of the content of the norm appears, due to the judges’ or experts’ conceptions, but also to those of the claimants. It leads to the emergence of several problems, such as essentialism and the idealization of minorities and indigenous ways of life, paternalism, victimization or discrimination towards the claimants or their communities. These problems can alter the meaning and the impact of the norm. Nonetheless, the right to the respect of those ways of life has some theoretical effects related first to the coexistence, on a same piece of land, of different groups possessing diverse identities. They are also related to the improvement of the applicants’ quality of life and to the recognition process. However, the State’s willingness still occupies a large space in international law, as does the importance, for judges, to protect their own legitimacy. Moreover, some decisions seem too ideal or dogmatic. Those factors limit the effect of the norm. Thus, the articulation of judicial discourses and the efficiency of the norm are first contingent to the enunciation and to the clarity of the claimants’ requests. They are dependant of the receptivity of the agents whose role it is to receive them (judges and experts) and to the political, social and cultural context within which they take place. This last factor brings to light the importance for each agent participating to the elaboration of the norm to use, as much as he can, the margins he possesses.
Thèse de doctorat réalisée en cotutelle avec la Faculté de droit de l'Université Aix-Marseille 3.
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Girard, Lucile. "La demande de soins des personnes transsexuelles en France : prise en charge médicale et respect de la dignité". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921071.
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Le parcours de soins des personnes transsexuelles relève d'une prise en charge multidisciplinaire comportant des aspects médicaux, sociaux et juridiques. Ces trois pôles agissent en interaction et en complémentarité.En France, le protocole établi par la Sécurité sociale en 1989 impose un suivi psychiatrique des personnes d'au moins deux ans avant qu'elles puissent prétendre à une prise en charge de l'opération de réassignation sexuelle ; ceci dans le but, entre autres, d'évaluer la qualité de leur demande. Ces consultations sont souvent décriées par les personnes transsexuelles qui les trouvent stigmatisantes parce qu'elles associent ouvertement leur trouble à la maladie psychiatrique. Les personnes transsexuelles considèrent que le suivi psychiatrique imposé est une atteinte à leur dignité dans le sens où leur parole se trouve remise en question par des questionnaires et des évaluations, établis par un personnel médical qui ne peut ressentir ce qu'elles vivent. Actuellement, beaucoup de personnes transsexuelles ne suivent pas ce protocole médical recommandé par la Haute autorité de santé (HAS), qu'elles estiment trop rigide et éloigné de leurs besoins ; elles organisent elles-mêmes leur parcours ayant parfois recours à des actes chirurgicaux pratiqués à l'étranger. Pour finir, ce parcours de soins serait incomplet s'il n'était validé par une modification de l'état civil ; ainsi le parcours médical de transformation de la personne se trouve lié à un parcours juridique garant de l'intimité et des droits de la personne.Les origines psychologiques, psychiatriques, biologiques ou génétiques du transsexualisme sont encore discutées, sans qu'actuellement aucune réponse ne puisse être donnée de façon reproductible et fiable ; seules des interrogations sont posées. Dans ce contexte d'incertitudes, les paroles que nous avons recueillies font apparaître une réalité du terrain où la personne est, par la force des choses, au centre de l'acte de soins et heurte la conception scientifique de la médecine par ses choix et ses attitudes. Ces différents parcours de vie nous ont montré combien le respect de la personne dans sa différence, non quantifiable et inclassable, était important. Le respect de l'expertise acquise de la part du patient, le respect de sa vérité, de sa décision et de ses choix, sont des revendications qui sont apparues régulièrement. Par ailleurs, au-delà de l'aide médicale demandée, le besoin d'aide psychologique, de soutien moral et financier dessine le profil de personnes vulnérables qu'il convient de soigner et dont il convient de prendre soin. Toutefois il ne faut pas oublier la violence des actes demandés, les interrogations qu'ils suscitent chez les patients et les praticiens concernés. La décision d'entreprendre tous les traitements médicaux et chirurgicaux nécessaires au bien-être de la personne, si elle est présentée comme une décision personnelle, entraîne dans sa dynamique de nombreux acteurs. Certains choisissent d'adhérer à cette transformation, d'autres se trouvent parfois contraints de l'accepter
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Youhnovski, Sagon Anne-Laure. "Le droit de la vie humaine. Contribution à l'étude des relations entre la vie humaine et le droit". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2021_in_youhnovski_a_l.pdf.
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Le big-bang provoqué par la rencontre de la vie humaine et du droit a entraîné la création d’une multitude de prescriptions juridiques ayant la vie humaine pour objet. Malgré leur caractère hétérogène, il est possible de discerner une structure commune à laquelle elles sont rattachées, offrant aux relations entre la vie humaine et le droit une certaine stabilité de même qu’une unité. Le droit de la vie humaine constitue la notion structurante de cette relation. Mobilisé comme nouvelle clé de lecture de leur relation, le droit de la vie humaine doit permettre d’identifier l’ensemble des dynamiques qui les font osciller.Précisément, le droit de la vie humaine est traversé par des courants contraires. Un premier élan emploie le droit comme instrument au service de l’intensification du respect accordé à la vie. Un second courant libéral tend à solliciter l’exercice d’une maîtrise sur la vie, reflet du mouvement de subjectivisation des droits et libertés fondamentaux dont la valorisation de l’autonomie personnelle constitue le ferment. Le droit de la vie humaine possède donc une double nature, le droit au respect de la vie forgeant sa nature objective, le droit sur la vie dévoilant sa nature subjective. D’emblée, ces deux droits pourraient sembler antagonistes. Vérifier le degré de subjectivisation du droit de la vie humaine permet toutefois de nuancer l’influence de ce phénomène à son égard. Chargé d’instaurer un juste équilibre entre ces deux pôles, l’État s’érige en gardien du respect de la vie, le déploiement du régime de maîtrise sur la vie étant contrôlé, voire réfréné. Les rapports de force qui s’affrontent au sein du droit de la vie humaine se révèlent être disproportionnés au profit du droit au respect de la vie. Le dédoublement du droit de la vie humaine permet au droit au respect de la vie et au droit sur la vie de coexister sans provoquer leur neutralisation mutuelleThe big bang caused by the meeting of human life and law has led to the creation of several legal prescriptions that have human life as their object. Despite their heterogeneous nature, it is possible to outline a common structure, enabling stability and unity in the relationship between human life and law. The law of human life is the structuring concept of this relationship. Mustered as a new key to reading their relationship, the law of human life should make it possible to identify all the dynamics that make them oscillate.Precisely, the law of human life is subject to opposing currents. A first trend uses the law as an instrument to increase the respect for life. A second liberal current tends to solicit the exercise of control over life, reflecting the movement towards the subjectivisation of fundamental rights and freedoms, to which the valorisation of personal autonomy provides fertile ground. The law of human life thus has a dual nature, the right to respect for life forging its objective nature, the right over life revealing its subjective nature. These two rights are seemingly antagonistic. However, taking into account the degree of subjectivisation of the law of human life allows us to qualify the influence of this phenomenon on it. The State, charged with the task of striking a balance between these two poles, sets itself up as the guardian of respect for life, with the deployment of the regime of control over life being controlled or even curbed. The balance of power within the law of human life turns out to be disproportionate to the right to respect for life. The duplication of the law of human life allows the right to respect for life and the right over life to coexist without causing their mutual neutralisation
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Nilsson, Marita. "Proveniensprincipen : Vara eller icke vara - det är frågan i en digitaliseradinformationsförvaltning". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34413.
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Detta forskningsarbete lyfter den problematik somdebatterats kring proveniensprincipen och den ombildningdenna princip har mött sedan digitaliserings ankomst.Studiens avsikt var att påvisa vilken innebörd principen haridag i en modern informationsförvaltning och deninformationshantering som sker där. Syftet var även attundersöka hur informationsförvaltningen arbetar proaktivtmed att garantera proveniens i all sin informationshantering,samt belysa hur proveniens förstås i förhållande till valet avmetod kring informationshanteringen.Undersökningen var kvalitativ och utfördes på tiokommunarkiv i form av att varje kommuns kommunarkivariedjupintervjuades. I undersökningen har även planer kringinformationshantering en studerats. Studien konstaterar vilkaförenklingar som digitaliseringen inneburit kring att säkerställa proveniens, där automatiserad och utvecklad metadataskapat verklig proveniens som kan påvisa informationenssamband med den process och det sammanhang där den harbefunnit sig. Uppsatsen diskuterar även de bekymmer somuppstår då digitaliserad information ordnas på helt andra sättän tidigare och vilka konsekvenser detta får för hur vi skaförhålla oss till och förstå proveniens.Resultatet visar att informationsförvaltningarna kan borga föryttre proveniens vad gäller arkivmaterialet men inte helahandlingsbeståndet. Studien fastslår vidare att inreproveniens som en spegling av organisationens verksamhetmåste förstås utifrån hela handlingsbeståndet och desslogiska ordning, snarare än utifrån arkivmaterialets synliga.Undersökningen konstaterar även betydelsen av proaktivitetkring arbetet med att tydliggöra informationens processuellakontext, samt tidig metadataapplicering ochsystemutveckling som behåller metadata genom allaprocesser. Uppsatsen understryker slutligen att detta inte görsi den utsträckning som är nödvändig.This essay describes the debate about the principle ofprovenance and its multiple forms, and the transformationsof these forms, due to the coming of electronic informations.The thesis intended to explain the definitions of the principlein a modern information management and there explore howthey operate proactively to assure provenance.The qualitative investigation was carried out at tenmunicipality final archives, where each municipalityarchivist was being interviewed. The study expounds in whatway the digitisation has simplified the methods to conductassured provenance, where automated metadata shows therelationships of the information to function and process. Theessay also debates the difficulties that appear when digitalinformation are being organized in different ways thananalogue information, and how this fact requires a newinterpretation of the principle of provenance.The researcher concludes that the investigated archives,ensure respect des fonds when it concerns the content of thearchives, but not when it comes to the whole content of theinformation management. The result of the study also showsthat the respect of original order as a reflection of theorganization, has to be understood throughout all content ofthe management and its logical order, rather than the visiblecontent that the archives embrace. Furthermore the thesisobserves the importance of proactivity, regarding theclarification of the relationships between the information andthe processes that produce and use them. This could beachieved with early application of metadata and developmentof systems that keep metadata trough all processes. Theconclusion of the essay is that this is not pursued in theextension that is required.
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Бенько, А. В. "Право на повагу до приватного життя: особливості тлумачення в практиці Європейського суду з прав людини". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67018.
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Конвенція про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод
1950 року (далі – Конвенція) в ст. 19 передбачила утворення
Європейського суду з прав людини (далі ЄСПЛ) задля забезпечення
дотримання державами-учасницями їхніх зобов’язань. Конвенція
наділяє ЄСПЛ винятковими повноваженнями з приводу тлумачення і
застосування її положень (ст. 32).
23
Barbosa, Eveline Tonelotto. "Os sentidos do respeito na escola: uma an?lise da perspectiva da Psicologia Hist?rico-Cultural". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2012. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/305.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-18Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas
This research aims to analyze the senses which constitute the respect and disrespect in school relations and their influence on the manner of acting of students and teachers. Therefore, we adopted as the theoretical and methodological basis the Historical-Cultural Psychology, especially the concepts of Vygotsky, its main representative. Students in 6th year of elementary school and two teachers were taken as subjects. The research scenario was a public school in the state of S?o Paulo. The procedures used for construction of information were: observations of school activities, storytelling,dialogues of the students, stories written by the students and semistructured interviews with the two teachers. The information was recorded in field diaries, interviews with the teacher were recorded on audio and the second teacher interview was recorded in the field diary. This research allowed us to conclude that the senses set by the students and teachers on respect and disrespect are different and diverse. Many students' attitudes, interpreted as disrespectful, arise from differences in the way of meaning and assigning meanings to situations and facts that are often mobilized by affections. For the teachers, the senses of respect are associated with students' interest for knowledge, a quiet environment and the expression of fear by students. In contrast, the disrespect is associated with agitation and conversation of the students in the classroom and reveals a concept that students do not respect and often attaches itself to the families responsibility for the behavior of young people. For the students, respect is associated with actions aimed at helping others, being confounded with charity. Disrespect appears associated with socioeconomic differences and the use of physical force to resolve conflicts.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os sentidos que constituem o respeito e sua contrapartida de desrespeito nas rela??es escolares e sua influ?ncia no modo de agir de alunos e professores. Para tanto, adotamos como aporte te?rico e metodol?gico a Psicologia Hist?rico-Cultural, sobretudo os conceitos de Vigotski, seu principal representante. Tomaram-se como sujeitos alunos de 6? ano do Ensino Fundamental e duas professoras. O cen?rio da pesquisa foi uma escola p?blica do interior do Estado de S?o Paulo. Os procedimentos de constru??o de informa??es utilizados foram: observa??es das atividades escolares, conta??o de hist?rias, di?logos dos alunos, hist?rias escritas pelos alunos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as duas professoras. As informa??es foram registradas em di?rios de campo, a entrevista com a professora da sala foi gravada e registrada em ?udio e a entrevista realizada com a segunda professora foi registrada em di?rio de campo. A pesquisa possibilitou concluir que os sentidos configurados pelos alunos e professoras sobre o respeito e o desrespeito s?o diferentes e diversos. Muitas atitudes dos alunos, interpretadas como desrespeitosas, decorrem de diferen?as na forma de significar e atribuir sentidos a situa??es e fatos que, muitas vezes, s?o mobilizados por afetos. Para as professoras, os sentidos do respeito associamse a interesse dos alunos pelo conhecimento, a ambiente silencioso e a manifesta??o de medo pelos alunos. Em contrapartida, para as professoras o desrespeito associa-se ? agita??o e ? conversa dos alunos em sala de aula e revelam uma concep??o de que os alunos n?o respeitam e, muitas vezes, atribui-se ?s fam?lias a responsabilidade pelos comportamentos dos jovens. Para os alunos, o respeito associa-se a a??es voltadas a ajudar os outros, confundindo-se com caridade. J? o desrespeito aparece associado ?s diferen?as socioecon?micas e ao uso da for?a f?sica para solucionar os conflitos.
24
Martinez, Alma. ""Respect is active like an organism that is not only cumulative but has a very personal effect": A grounded theory methodology of a respect communication model in the college classroom". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4590/.
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This study examined the notion of respect in the college classroom. While pedagogical researchers had previously studied the phenomenon, each found challenges in defining it. Moreover, communication scholars do not examine respect as a primary pedagogical factor with learning implications. Focus groups provided venues for topic-specific discussion necessary for better understanding the diversity of students' worldviews regarding respect in the college classroom. Grounded theory allowed for searching theoretical relevance of the phenomenon through constant comparison with categorical identification. The most practical contributions of this research identifies as several major notions including, the importance of relationships within the process, student self-esteem, and global-classroom respect. In addition, implications emerged from the data as learning, motivation, and environment. One other practical contribution exists as a respect communication model for the college classroom. Further, examining students' worldviews of respect in the classroom provides benefits for pedagogical scholars, students, and instructors.
25
Vibrac, Geoffrey. "Le corps et la preuve pénale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2019_0230_VIBRAC.pdf.
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L’objectif de chaque procès est de déterminer une vérité judiciaire. Pour cela, il est nécessaire que soient apportées différentes preuves qui vont conduire à préserver l’ordre social, en droit civil comme en droit pénal. Le corps n’échappe pas à un tel objectif : hier comme aujourd’hui, il fut et est utilisé à des fins probatoires. Seulement, alors que dans l’histoire celui-ci a pu être violenté pour obtenir des informations utiles à une procédure, il fait désormais, théoriquement, l’objet de multiples protections tant nationales que supranationales. Ce dernier reste toutefois un formidable objet d’investigations probatoires, très bavard, qui permet d’obtenir des informations considérées comme de plus en plus fiables et surtout, discriminantes (et ce, peu importe sa forme : corps global ou bien un simple élément détaché de cette réalité matérielle humaine). Pour autant, l’observation visuelle d’une personne ne suffit pas toujours pour que le corps devienne une preuve : la preuve corporelle est majoritairement une preuve scientifique et l’essor grandissant de la science permet un développement aisé de celle-ci. C’est ainsi que nos procédures judiciaires connaissent des recours de plus en plus importants au scientifique : l’homme de science est un allié de taille pour « faire parler » le corps et apporte un réel soutien au magistrat. Dans tous les cas, il est nécessaire qu’un juste équilibre soit trouvé entre la préservation de l’intérêt général et la protection individuelle de la personne et de son corpsThe purpose of each trial is to determine a judicial truth. For that, it is necessary to bring different proofs which will lead to preserve the social order, regarding civilian law as well as criminal law. The body does not escape such an objective : yesterday as today, it was and it is used for probative purposes. However, while it has been abused to obtain usefull information for a procedure throwghout history, it is now, theoretically, subject to multiple protections both national and supranational. Thus, the latter, remains a tremendos object of probative investigation, very talkative, which leads to obtain information considered more and more reliable and above all, discriminating (and this, whatever its form: global body or a simple detached element of this material human reality). So far, the visual observation of a person is not always enough for the body to become proof : body proof is mainly a scientific evidence and the growing growth of science allows an easy development of it. This is how our judicial procedures are increasingly appealing to the scientist: the scientist is a strong ally to "make the body speak" and he provides real support to the magistrate. In any case, it is necessary that a fair balance be found between the preservation of the general interest and the individual protection of the person and his body
26
Abou-Ardate, Abdul Kader. "On-line computation of system operating limits with respect to thermal constraints". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.
Encontre o texto completo da fonte
27
Shulga-Morskaya, Tatiana. "La démocratie électronique, une notion en construction". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0958.
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La démocratie représentative reste un régime essentiellement représentatif qui a été conçu précisément pour exclure la participation directe de l’universalité des citoyens à la prise de décisions politiques. L’introduction d’instruments de la participation directe, en forme de l’e-démocratie, crée un conflit au sein de ce régime, conflit qui ne sera résolu que par un aménagement de la notion de démocratie représentative, voire sa substitution par une autre notion, ayant vocation à concilier les exigences de la participation et de la représentation. Cette thèse se propose de réfléchir à un modèle de régime politique-type susceptible de permettre l'intégration de l'e-démocratie.Une telle intégration met en lumière l’interdépendance entre la démocratie et les droits fondamentaux qui sont menacés de manière inédite à l’ère numérique. La possibilité d’introduire l’e-démocratie est donc conditionnée à la protection renforcée des droits essentiels : la liberté d’expression, le droit au respect de la vie privée, ainsi qu’à la reconnaissance de nouveaux droits fondés sur l’autodétermination personnelle. L’introduction de l’e-démocratie peut également remettre en cause certains concepts bien établis, tels que le principe majoritaire, ou exiger leur reconsidération, comme dans le cas de la bonne gouvernanceRepresentative democracy remains essentially a representative government that was created precisely to avoid all the citizens to participate directly in political decision-making. Implementation of direct participation’s instruments in form of e-democracy creates a conflict within this government, a conflict which can be solved only by a renewal of representative democracy concept, even its substitution by another idea committed to reconciling representation and participation. This thesis aims a reflection on a concept of government capable of integrating e-democracy.Such an integration highlights the interdependent character of the link between democracy and human rights that are exposed to totally new threats in the digital era. The possibility to introduce e-democracy is conditional upon the reinforced protection of such essential rights and freedoms: as freedom of expression and right to respect for private and family life in the digital environment, as well as recognition of new rights based on personal self-determination. Implementation of e-democracy can also challenge well-established concepts such as majority principle or require their reconsideration, as in the case of good governance
28
Monte, Daniela Filipa Marques Trularu do. "Olhar a escola: preceção de clima escolar e sentimento de pertença. Um estudo com alunos/as de 3º ciclo do ensino básico". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26213.
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O presente estudo tem como principais objetivos aprofundar os estudos de
duas escalas, adaptadas para português, a Escala de Clima da Escola (Guerra & Melo,
2017) versão portuguesa do Delaware School Climate Survey – Student (Bear, Hoslt,
Lisboa, Chen, Yang & Chen, 2015) e a Escala de Avaliação do Sentimento de Pertença
à Escola (Nobre Lima & Duarte Ventura, 2016), versão portuguesa da escala
Psychological Sense of School Membership (Goodenow,1993); e analisar a perceção de
Clima de Escola e Sentimento de Pertença junto de alunos/as que frequentem o 7º, 8º e
9º ano de 4 escolas da região de Évora em função de variáveis sociodemográficas como
o sexo, a idade, o ano de escolaridade, as reprovações em anos anteriores e a
participação em atividades extracurriculares.
Os resultados da análise psicométrica das escalas permitiram verificar que
medem os constructos de forma válida e fiável. Os resultados da análise inferencial
mostram o impacto do Clima de Escola na perceção de segurança, cumprimento das
regras e respeito pela diversidade, apontando ainda para a influência da relação
professor-aluno na promoção de um clima de escola positivo. Relativamente ao
Sentimento de Pertença à escola, os resultados principais indicam que quando os/as
alunos/as participam em atividades extracurriculares, têm um maior sentimento de
pertença; Abstract:
A Look at school: perception of School Climate and Feeling of School Membership . A
study with students of the 3rd Cycle
The present study has as main objective to deepen the studies of adaptation of two
scales adapted to Portuguese, Escala de Clima da Escola (Guerra & Melo, 2017)
Portuguese version of the Delaware School Climate Survey - Student (Bear, Hoslt,
Lisboa, Chen, Yang & Chen, 2015) and the Escala de Avaliação do Sentimento de
Pertença à Escola (Nobre Lima & Duarte Ventura, 2016), Portuguese version of the
Psychological Sense of School Membership (Goodenow, 1993); and analyze the
perception of Clima da Escola e Sentimento de Pertença with students who attend the 7th,
8th and 9th grade of 4 schools in the region of Évora, according to sociodemographic
variables such as gender, age, school year, disapprovals in previous years and
participation in extracurricular activities.
The results of the psychometric analysis of the scales allowed to verify that they
measure the constructs validly and reliably. The results of the inferential analysis show
the impact of school climate on the perception of safety, compliance with rules and
respect for diversity, also pointing to the influence of the teacher-student relationship in
the promotion of a positive school climate. Regarding the sense of school membership,
the main results indicate that when students participate in extracurricular activities, when
students participate in extracurricular activities, they have a biggest sense of belonging.
29
Watson, David. "Holding the line : the changing policies of the British Army with respect to Native Americans, 1759-1774". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75c0f662-b5e4-4e0f-a92f-1f290e7815ba.
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This dissertation examines the policies pursued by the British Army with respect to Native Americans between 1759 and 1774, when the British Army was in occupation of the colonial American frontier and how and why those policies changed. During this time the army’s policy on Native Americans altered greatly; prior to Pontiac’s War Native American grievances were seen as a low priority by the army, but after that conflict the army started to pay a great deal of attention to Native American concerns. To explain these changes it is necessary to explore the changing conditions on the frontier, the changing relationship between the colonies and Britain, and the differing ideas about Native Americans possessed by General Jeffery Amherst, the commander of the British Army in the colonies at the end of the Seven Years’ War, and his replacement, General Thomas Gage. In particular it is only by examining the very different attitudes towards Native Americans possessed by Amherst and Gage that the changes in British Army policy can be fully explained.
30
Lanz, Ernest John. "Decision support with respect to facility location and fleet composition for FoodBank Cape Town". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79860.
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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: FoodBank South Africa is an non-profit organisation formed to establish a national network of community foodbanks in urban and rural areas of South Africa, with all participants working towards the common goal of eliminating hunger and food insecurity. FoodBank Cape Town was the first of these community foodbanks launched in South Africa on 2 March 2009. The operations of FoodBank Cape Town include sourcing food and redistributing it to agencies (social services organisations running feeding programmes). Currently the majority of the food is sourced from the retail sector and then redistributed to approximately two hundred agencies. The logistics involved in both sourcing and distributing food are vital to the efficient functioning of FoodBank Cape Town. Since the costs associated with these logistics operations are very high, streamlining these operations has been identified as a priority area for efficiency improvement. The focus in this thesis is on the distribution logistics involved, specifically focussing on a facility location problem according to which FoodBank Cape Town can establish local distribution depots to which it delivers food and from which the agencies collect food assigned to them. A mixed-integer programming model is formulated for the above facility location problem and small test instances of the problem are solved using different exact and approximate solution methods in order to identify a suitable solution methodology for the full (large-scale) FoodBank Cape Town facility location problem. The full facility location problem is solved approximately by means of a meta-heuristic solution method in the more highly constrained instances, while an exact method is selected for solving the lesser constrained instances. The problem is first solved based on the distances between the warehouse and the depots as well as the distances between the agencies and the depots, for the twenty four instances where 17 to 40 depots are located. The model is then developed further to incorporate the cost of distribution. This cost-based facility location model is solved with a view to minimise the cost of food distribution from the warehouse to the depots and the cost of food distribution incurred by each agency to collect food from its assigned depot. A basic vehicle routing technique is applied to the cost-based facility location solution and the associated costs of the distribution are updated. This cost-based solution updating process is performed iteratively until the solution converges. Since the cost of food distribution depends on the vehicle fleet composition used, a vehicle fleet composition comparison of possible FoodBank Cape Town vehicles is performed to determine the most desirable vehicle fleet composition to be used for the distribution of food to depots. The results of the FoodBank Cape Town facility location problem and vehicle fleet composition comparison are presented and recommendations are made to FoodBank Cape Town regarding the preferred number of depots, the location of these depots and the preferred vehicle fleet composition.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: FoodBank South Africa is ’n nie-winsgewende organisasie wat ten doel het om ’n nasionale netwerk van gemeenskapsvoedselbanke in stedelike en landelike gebiede van Suid-Afrika op die been te bring, waarin al die deelnemers die gemeenskaplike doel nastreef om honger en voedselonsekerheid te elimineer. Foodbank Cape Town was die eerste van hierdie gemeenskapsvoedselbanke in Suid-Afrika en is op 2 Maart 2009 gestig. Die take van Foodbank Cape Town sluit in die versameling van voedsel en die verspreiding daarvan aan agentskappe (gemeenskapsorganisasies wat voedingsprogramme bestuur). Die oorgrote meerderheid voedsel is tans uit die kleinhandelsektor afkomstig en word aan ongeveer tweehonderd agentskappe versprei. Die logistiek wat met hierdie versamelings- en verspreidingsprosesse gepaard gaan, is sentraal tot die doeltreffende funksionering van FoodBank Cape Town. Aangesien die kostes verbonde aan hierdie logistieke prosesse baie hoog is, is hierdie aktiwiteite as ’n prioriteitsarea vir verbetering geidentifiseer. Die fokus in hierdie tesis val op die logistiek verbonde aan die verspreiding van voedsel deur FoodBank Cape Town, en meer spesifiek op die probleem van die plasing van ’n aantal lokale verspreidingsdepots waar FoodBank Cape Town voedsel kan aflewer en waar die agentskappe dan voedsel wat aan hulle toegeken is, kan gaan afhaal. ’n Gemengde heeltallige-programmeringsmodel word vir die bogenoemde plasingsprobleem geformuleer en klein gevalle van die model word deur middel van beide eksakte en benadere oplossingstegnieke opgelos om sodoende ’n geskikte oplossingsmetode vir die volle (grootskaalse) Food- Bank Cape Town plasingsmodel te identifiseer. Die volle plasingsmodel word aan die hand van ’n metaheuristiese oplossingstegniek benaderd opgelos vir hoogsbeperkte gevalle van die model, terwyl minder beperkte gevalle van die model eksak opgelos word. Die plasingsmodel word eers met die oog op die minimering van afstande tussen die pakhuis en verspreidingsdepots sowel as tussen die verspreidingsdepots en agentskappe vir die vier-en-twintig gevalle van die plasing van 17 tot 40 verspreidingsdepots opgelos. Die model word dan verder ontwikkel om ook die koste van die verspreiding van voedsel in ag te neem. Die koste-gebaseerde plasingsmodel word opgelos met die doel om die voedselbankkoste van voedselverspreiding vanaf die pakhuis na die lokale verspreidingsdepots sowel as die agentskapkoste van die afhaal van voedsel vanaf verspreidingsdepots te minimeer. ’n Basiese voertuigroeteringstegniek word op die koste-gebaseerde plasingsmodel toegepas en die verspreidingskoste word dienooreenkomstig aangepas. Hierdie aanpassingsproses van die koste-gebaseerde oplossing word herhaal totdat die oplossing konvergeer. Aangesien die koste van voedselverspreiding afhang van die voertuigvlootsamestelling, word ’n vergelyking tussen moontlike vlootsamestellings vir FoodBank Cape Town getref om die mees geskikte samestelling van voertuie vir die verspreiding van voedsel te vind. Die resultate van die FoodBank Cape Town verspreidingsdepot-plasingsprobleem en vlootsamestellingsvergelyking word aangebied en ’n aanbeveling word aan FoodBank Cape Town gemaak in terme van ’n geskikte aantal verspreidingsdepots, waar hierdie depots geleë behoort te wees, en ’n geskikte voertuigvlootsamestelling vir die verspreiding van voedsel.
31
Nesting, Lindén Theresa, e Johanna Westbring. "Att bli bemött med respekt : En litteraturstudie om närståendes behov av stöd från sjuksköterskan vid vård i livets slutskede". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för omvårdnad - grundnivå, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16256.
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Background: Palliative care can be given to patients with progressive, incurable disease. In palliative care the patient is seen in a holistic perspective, the goal is to prevent and relieve physical, psychological, social and existential suffering. The four cornerstones of palliative care are symptom relief, teamwork, communication/relation and support to next of kin. The nurse in palliative care builds a relationship with the patient and next of kin. The nurse also works with symptom relief and informing patient and next of kin. Next of kin to patients in palliative care often put themselves aside to care for the patient and wish to be with the patient until the end of the patients’ life. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe next of kins’ need for support from the nurse in end-of-life care in hospitals. Method: A literature study based on nine qualitative articles retrieved through systematic search in database Cinahl. The articles were analysed with a five-step method. Results: Two categories emerged in the results. The first was A respectful nurse, with the subcategories Emotional support, To be together and The patient is well taken care of. The second was To be involved as next of kin with the subcategories To be informed and Participation. Conclusion: Next of kin to patients in end-of-life care need a nurse who cares for them, enables them to be with the patient and participate in the patients’ care, guides and informs them in the end-of-life process and takes good care of the patient.
32
McIsaac, Sandra Joy. "How nursing home residents live while in the sub-passage of confusion : the battle of dignity and respect versus deterioration and decline". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU067361.
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An exploratory study of confusion in later life is the basis of the analysis which reveals the utility of status passage as a framework. The stereotypical notion of senility as an inevitable consequence of old age is so pervasive that confusion can be seen as a sub-passage of the late life status passage. Perceptions of confusion as a signal of a deteriorating condition profoundly affect the way in which others interact with those in a confused state. The importance of interaction to the articulation and shaping of the passage is investigated in two nursing homes offering similarly high standards of medical care. Participant observational periods preceded a series of individual conversational interviews with residents experiencing varying degrees of confusion. Data indicates that when the dependent status of confused residents is a salient feature as a result of the bureaucratic organisation of residents, the solo passage is given low priority. The passagee however, maintains a sense of self that is not recognised by agents responsible for front line care. In an institutional setting where 'person-work' is prevalent and frequent, positive interactions occur, there is much more individual variation in the shape of the sub-passages and the way in which they manage their sub-passages on an individual basis.
33
Lindberg, Emma, e Anna Rost. "Treatment of faecal sludge from pit latrines and septic tanks using lime and urea : Pathogen die-off with respect to time of storage". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70631.
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The study was made at Lubigi sewage treatment plant in Kampala, Uganda, during February and March 2018. The aim of this master thesis was to treat faecal sludge with two different methods, urea and lime, to investigate the efficiency of the chemicals to inactivate pathogens and to estimate the feasibility and the costs of the treatment. The chemical treatments were performed on sludge of two different moisture contents. The results from the treated sludge were compared with an untreated drying bed filled at the start of the study period to use as a control. The investigated pathogens were E. coli, bacteriophages and Ascaris eggs. The total solids and volatile solids were analysed, and the pH was measured. The results of the study including a calculation of costs were used to assess the feasibility of these treatment methods at Lubigi sewage treatment plant. The results show that the treatment using lime and urea reduces the level of active pathogens in the faecal sludge. The drying process in the beds at the treatment plant also decreases the level of detected pathogens in the sludge, but not to the same extent as when adding chemicals. The E. coli in the treated sludge were under the detection limit before the study period was done. Ascaris eggs were still detected in the sludge by the final sampling occasion. Further monitoring of the treated sludge might show an additional decrease of Ascaris since the time of storage after treatment enables pathogen die-off. The bacteriophages analyses only succeeded for two sampling occasions, although a decrease of detected phages is visible in the results. Again, the time of storage is significant for pathogen reduction, which is why a decrease of bacteriophages is expected if the sludge were to be further monitored. The feasibility of the two treatment methods is mainly restricted by costs. Lime treatment is approximately seven times more expensive than urea treatment and is also required in a larger amount to treat the sludge. On the other hand, using lime to treat faecal sludge is a proven and effective method. Further studies would improve the knowledge of the sludge characteristics at Lubigi and help determine the most preferable treatment for the sludge to protect the environment and public health. For example, by focusing on one treatment method, more detailed information can be gathered, and if performing a study in a larger scale, the representativeness would increase. To make sure there is no risk of spreading pathogens to the environment, further analyses should be carried out directly before selling the sludge to farmers.
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Bulckaen, Helene. "Le vieillissement artériel dans un modèle de vieillissement physiologique et un modèle de vieillissement accéléré, le diabète: aspect fonctionnel et morphologique. Intérêt respectif de l'aspirine et de l'aminoguanidine". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00423311.
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Les modifications artérielles liés au vieillissement ou au diabète telles que la dysfonction endothéliale contribuent à augmenter le risque de survenue d'événements cardiovasculaires. La dysfonction endothéliale, coronaire ou périphérique, est reconnue comme un facteur indépendant de survenue d'évènements cardiovasculaires indépendamment de la présence d'athérosclérose ou de facteur de risque d'athérosclérose. Des approches thérapeutiques capables de prévenir ou de restaurer la dysfonction endothéliale pourrait aider à réduire le risque de survenue d'accidents cardiovasculaires. Ce travail a pour but d'évaluer les effets de deux molécules, l'une sur la dysfonction endothéliale liée à l'âge, l'autre sur la dysfonction liée au diabète. En prévention primaire et secondaire, l'aspirine à faible dose réduit l'incidence des évènements cardiovasculaires. La première partie de ce travail étudie les effets de l'aspirine à faible dose sur la dysfonction endothéliale chez des souris C57B/J6. La dysfonction endothéliale liée à l'âge est établie par la réponse à l'acétylcholine (ACh) de segments aortiques précontractés par phenylephrine (Phe) et isolés de souris âgées de 12-, 36-, 60- et 84 semaines. Les effets de l'aspirine à faible dose sont étudiés chez des souris présentant une altération de la relaxation endothélium-dépendante. Les effets de l'âge et du traitement par aspirine sur la structure de la paroi ont été déterminés sur des coupes aortiques de souris. Les effets de l'aspirine sur des marqueurs du stress oxydants, le malondialdehyde (MDA) et l'8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG) ont été étudiés. Comparée à celle des souris âgées de 12 semaines, la relaxation endothelium-dépendante était significativement réduite chez les souris âgées de 60- et 84-semaines (p<0.05). Les souris âgées de 68 semaines traitées par aspirine avaient une meilleure relaxation endothélium-dépendante comparées aux souris contrôles du même âge (83.9%±4 vs 66.3%±5; p<0.05). L'aspirine à faible dose diminuait les concentrations de 8-OHdG au sein de la paroi aortique (p<0.05), mais n'avait pas d'effet significatif sur l'épaisseur intima-média. L'effet protecteur de l'aspirine n'a pas été observé lorsque le traitement a été initié chez des souris plus âgés (96 semaines). L'aspirine à faible dose est capable de prévenir la dysfonction endothelium-dépendante chez des souris vieillissantes. Cependant l'absence d'effet chez des souris plus âgées montre que le traitement doit être initié tôt. Les mécanismes impliqués dans l'effet protecteur de l'aspirine à faible dose pourrait être le stress oxydant. Les AGE sont impliqués dans la dysfonction endothéliale notamment liée au diabète, via des phénomènes de quenching du NO et d'interaction AGE-RAGE, cette dernière entraînant une augmentation du stress oxydant. La deuxième partie de notre travail analyse l'action de l'aminoguanidine, puissant inhibiteur des AGE sur la dysfonction endothéliale liée au diabète. La dysfonction endothéliale de souris C57B/6J rendues diabétiques par injection de streptozotocine, est établie par la réponse à l'acétylcholine (ACh) de segments aortiques précontractés par phenylephrine (Phe) et isolés de souris après 4 et 8 semaines de diabète. Des dosages d'AGE sériques par technique ELISA et une évaluation de l'expression de RAGE par technique de western blot ont été réalisés sur des broyats aortiques. Après 4 semaines de diabète, comparée à celle des contrôles, la relaxation endothélium dépendante était diminuée de 24% (p<0,01) et s'altérait encore après 8 semaines de diabète. Cette dysfonction endothéliale était associée à une augmentation significative des AGE sériques, de l'expression de RAGE et à des anomalies histologiques significatives.Le traitement par aminoguanidine permettait d'une part de prévenir les anomalies de relaxation endothelium dépendante observées chez les souris diabétiques de 4 semaines, réduisait les AGE sériques et l'expression de RAGE et d'autre part améliorait les anomalies histologiques vasculaires. Ces résultats suggèrent une implication de la voie des AGE dans la dysfonction endothéliale liées au diabète. L'utilisation de molécules anti AGE ou inhibiteurs de l'interaction AGE-RAGE ouvre de larges perspectives thérapeutiques du diabète. En conclusion, l'ensemble de ces résultats suggèrent la possibilité de prévention de la dysfonction endothéliale et ainsi laisse espérer la diminution de survenue d'évènements cardiovasculaires
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Vargas, Colqui Angela Luzmila, e Arenas Daniel Antonio Villegas. "Motivación hacia los videojuegos en línea y Calidad de Vida con Respecto a la Salud en adolescentes jugadores de Dota 2". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654807.
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El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la relación la Motivación para jugar videojuegos online y la Calidad de Vida con Respecto a la Salud en adolescentes de 18 a 21 años residentes en Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 180 jugadores de Dota 2, seleccionados por conveniencia en cabinas de internet, eventos de videojuegos y en redes sociales. Se utilizó la Escala de Motivación hacia los videojuegos de multijugadores masivos (MMO-MS) y el cuestionario de CVRS en adolescentes (Kidscreen 27). La relación entre las dimensiones que componen cada una de las variables, fue analizada a través del test de Spearman. Se halló relaciones significativas positivas entre las dimensiones de Disociación con Autonomía económica y negativamente con las dimensiones Bienestar físico, Bienestar psicológico. Asimismo, las dimensiones Relación con los padres; Apoyo social y Entorno escolar; Socialización correlacionó positivamente con autonomía económica. También se encontró que la cantidad diaria de tiempo dedicado al juego y el bienestar psicológico se relacionan de manera negativa.The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between the Motivation variables to play online video games and quality of life regarding Health in adolescents between 18 and 21 years old in Metropolitan Lima. The sample was made up of 180 adolescents students from Lima who play Dota 2. The sample consisted of 180 Dota 2 players selected for convenience in internets café, videogame events and on social media. The Motivation Scale for massively multiplayer video games (MMO-MS) and the instrument of Quality of Life regarding to Health in adolescents (Kidscreen 27). The relationship between the dimensions of the variables was analyzed thought the spearman test. Significant positive relationships were found between the dimensions of Dissociation with Economic autonomy and negatively with the dimensions Physical well-being, Psychological well-being, Relationship with parents and; Social support and School environment; socialization was positively correlated with Economic autonomy. Also, it was found that the daily amount of time devoted to play and Psychological well-being are negatively related.
Tesis
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Schneider, Stefan [Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Tittmann, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Stülke e Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Dobbelstein. "Functional characterization of transketolase-like proteins and related model systems with respect to thiamin diphosphate mediated chemistry / Stefan Schneider. Gutachter: Kai Tittmann ; Jörg Stülke ; Matthias Dobbelstein. Betreuer: Kai Tittmann". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060889714/34.
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Thomasi, Tanise Zago. "Cidadania, saúde e ecologia: limites da medicina e respeito aos direitos dos pacientes". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/405.
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A presente dissertação investiga os direitos dos pacientes diante dos avanços das novas terapias que, além de tratar e curar as patologias, aprimoram a qualidade e a esperança de vida das pessoas e que, além disso, podem servir para estender a vida artificialmente. Propõe-se estudar as interfaces entre o respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana preconizando-se a adoção de cuidados paliativos ao indivíduo como forma de humanizar a assistência ao paciente em final de vida. Interligando a bioética às polêmicas atuais sobre o início e fim da vida questiona-se sobre o dever do médico de tratamento e assistência frente à necessidade de respeito à autonomia do paciente, diante de uma informação clara e precisa, pois o doente possui todo o direito de autodeterminar-se da forma que julgar mais conveniente a seus próprios interesses. Pretende-se com este trabalho proporcionar uma maior reflexão acerca da temática, considerando-a essencial para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, já que aborda uma fase inevitável para todo o ser humano seu processo de adoecimento aliado a todas as interfaces cotidianas, hoje evidenciadas pela própria bioética.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-28T16:20:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Tanise Zago Thomasi.pdf: 497861 bytes, checksum: 5694c2859b67c71a912bff299372de87 (MD5)
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This present dissertation investigates the rights of patients in front of the advances in new therapies, besides treat and cure pathology improve the quality and expectancy of people´s life, but, on the other hand can serve to artificially extend the life. Propose to study the interfaces between the respect of human dignity recommending the adoption of palliative care to the individual as a way of humanizing the patient care at the end of life. Connecting the current bioethical controversies of the beginning and end of life, ask about the duty of the doctor for treatment and assistance in front of the need to respect the autonomy of the patient with a clear and precise information because the patient has the right to decide the way it considers most appropriate to their own interests. Intent with this assignment provide a large reflection on the subject matter, because conclude that is essential to improve quality of life, since it is an inevitable stage in every human life - the process of illness associated with all interfaces daily, today highlighted by the bioethics.
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Pavese, Yariv. "Is there a place for the public interest considerations in the competition legislation of a developing country like South Africa - generally, and specifically with respect to merger evaluation : an economic and legal analysis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14063.
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Includes bibliographical references.This paper examines the inclusion of public interest evaluations in competition law, generally and further specifically as it regards Merger Analysis. Reference will be made to the Competition Act (the Act) and to case law- so as to graphically illustrate examples where public interest considerations have, or at least should, substantially influenced decisions made by competition authorities. The basis of this paper will be to examine whether public interest in the general sense will enhance consumer welfare, and in the specific sense whether its consideration enhances the stated economic goals of income and wealth distribution with the overarching goal of realising economic growth and development.
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Prasong, Orapim. "La protection des droits de l'enfant par la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0137/document.
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Bien que non conçue initialement comme une Convention centrée sur l’enfant, laConvention européenne des droits de l’homme a généré, grâce à l’interprétation dynamique de laCour européenne des droits de l’homme, la jurisprudence la plus abondante de tous les instrumentsde ce type concernant les droits de l’enfant. Disposant d’un espace juridique favorable à uneinterprétation dynamique en vue de protéger les droits de l’enfant, la Cour européenne manque detexte sur lequel elle peut fonder une interprétation favorable aux droits de l’enfant. C’est ainsiqu’elle se réfère principalement à la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant, l’instrumentde protection spécifique des droits de l’enfant le plus précis et le plus adapté. A travers lamobilisation des dispositions de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant et l’intégrationde la notion de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant contenue dans cet instrument dans son raisonnement laCour européenne utilise cette Convention comme instrument de construction de sa proprejurisprudence relative à la protection spécifique des droits de l’enfant. Mais si l’intégration de cetteConvention dans le raisonnement de la Cour européenne constitue un facteur d’harmonisation dansla mesure où elle incite les Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe à mettre en oeuvre ce traitéinternational tout en leur fournissant une interprétation commune de ses dispositions, aucuneuniformité absolue ne s’impose. L’étude de la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne souligne savolonté croissante de faire de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme un instrumentconventionnel subsidiaire de la protection spécifique des droits de l’enfantAlthough not originally designed as a child-centered Convention, the EuropeanConvention on Human Rights generated through the dynamic interpretation of the European Courtof Human Rights, the most abundant case law of all the instruments of this type on the rights of thechild. With a favorable legal space to protect child’s rights, the European Court lacks a text onwhich it can base an interpretation on. That is why it mainly refers to the Convention on the Rightsof the Child, which is the most detailed and the most suitable Convention for protecting child’srights specifically. Through the mobilization of the UN Convention on child's rights and theintegration of the concept of the best interest of the child contained in this instrument in itsreasoning, the European Court uses this Convention as a tool to construct its own case law on thespecific protection of child’s rights. But if the integration of this Convention in the reasoning of theEuropean Court is a factor of harmonization to the extent that it encourages the Member States ofthe Council of Europe to implement the international treaty while providing a commoninterpretation its provisions, no absolute uniformity is required. The study of the European Court’scase law underlines its growing will to make the European Convention on Human Rights asubsidiary conventional instrument to child’s rights protection
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Legendre, Rebecca. "Droits fondamentaux et droit international privé : Réflexion en matière personnelle et familiale". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020074.
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Le droit international privé est éprouvé par les droits fondamentaux. Les données à partir desquelles la discipline a été pensée ont d’abord évolué. Les droits de l’homme créent une connexion entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et protègent la mobilité internationale des personnes. Si cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’existence du problème de droit international privé, force est d’admettre que les droits fondamentaux modifient aujourd’hui son analyse. Tandis que les conflits d’ordres juridiques sont transformés en conflit de valeurs, la hiérarchie des intérêts du droit international privé est remplacée par leur mise en balance. Les solutions de droit international privé sont, ainsi, perturbées par l’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux. La proportionnalité est plus précisément à l’origine de cette perturbation. Technique de réalisation des droits de l’homme, la proportionnalité a une incidence inégale sur la discipline. Si le contrôle de proportionnalité épargne ses méthodes, il bouleverse en revanche ses solutions. Les Cours européennes ont tendance à privilégier la continuité des situations juridiques sur la défense de la cohésion interne. Aussi pressent-elles le droit international privé à libéraliser ses solutions. L’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux doit, dès lors, être rationalisée pour préserver l’autorité et la prévisibilité des solutions du conflit de lois et de juridictions. C’est en dissociant l’application des droits de l’homme de l’exception d’ordre public international et en corrigeant la mise en œuvre du contrôle de proportionnalité que l’équilibre du droit international privé pourrait, nous semble-t-il, se reconstruireFundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored
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Batista, Francisco Diego Moreira. "O guardi?o da Constitui??o: uma an?lise de qual Poder deve dar a ?ltima palavra a respeito da constitucionalidade de leis no Brasil". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/6213.
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After the appearance and dissemination of democratic rule of law in the world, the Constitution has become a fundamental part in the life of society. The Constitution sets out the authorities with its divisions of functions, it organizes the state, provides the list of fundamental rights, among other relevant duties. Interpreting the Constitution is a central theme of any state with tradition in constitutional jurisdiction. The Constitution?s guardian theme is the basis for the study and definition of the interpretation of its text. Law?s classic theme, was the center of the famous debate between Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen, at the end of the first half of the twentieth century. But the debate precedes them, originating since the emergence of the knowledge of Constitution and since the dawn of the judicial review. Currently it is in vogue interesting thesis about institutional dialogue, intending to overcome ancient privilege theories prima facie from one or another power in the interpretation of the Constitution. The institutional dialogue argues that the interpretation is a process in which each power, evolutionarily, gives a contribution to the debate, including the people. After studying the birth of judicial review in the world and the study of three different control systems (United States, France and Austria), it is verified that the display of factors in different countries find different nuances. In Brazil, from an initial use of US doctrine, the country currently adopts a mixture of control with aspects of diffused and concentrated control, which does not clash with most countries intended to be democratic. It is understood that Brazil has a legal system that allows effective institutional dialogue and that our society, with greater daily involvement of the population in public and political debate, paves land on which allow discussions about institutional dialogue of powers as the last word on judicial review. The final prevalent, in Brazil, belongs to the Federal Supreme Court, including parts of a dialogical process between other powers and society.
Ap?s o surgimento e dissemina??o dos estados democr?ticos de direito no mundo, a Constitui??o tornou-se pe?a fundamental na vida da sociedade. Ela, a Constitui??o, estabelece os poderes com suas divis?es de fun??es, organiza o Estado, prev? o rol de direitos fundamentais, dentre outras atribui??es relevantes. Assim, interpretar a Constitui??o ? tema central de qualquer Estado com tradi??o na jurisdi??o constitucional. O tema do guardi?o da Constitui??o ? base para o estudo e defini??o da interpreta??o de seu texto. Tema cl?ssico no direito, foi centro de c?lebre debate entre Carl Schmitt e Hans Kelsen, no final da primeira metade do S?culo XX. Mas o debate os antecede, tendo origem desde o surgimento da no??o de Constitui??o e desde o surgimento do controle de constitucionalidade das leis. Atualmente, encontra-se em voga interessante tese sobre os di?logos institucionais, pretendendo superar as antigas teorias de privil?gio prima facie de um ou outro poder na interpreta??o da Constitui??o. O di?logo institucional defende que a interpreta??o ? um processo em que cada poder, evolutivamente, d? uma contribui??o ao debate, inclusive o povo. Ap?s o estudo do surgimento do controle de constitucionalidade no mundo e o estudo de tr?s diferentes sistemas de controle (Estados Unidos, Fran?a e ?ustria), verifica-se que os fatores de surgimento nos diversos pa?ses encontram matizes diversos. No Brasil, de um inicial seguimento da doutrina norte-americana, o pa?s atualmente adota uma miscigena??o de controle, com aspectos de controle difuso e concentrado, o que n?o destoa da maioria dos outros pa?ses que se pretendem democr?ticos. Entende-se que o Brasil possui um sistema legal que permite o efetivo di?logo institucional e que nossa sociedade, com cada dia maior envolvimento da popula??o no debate p?blico e pol?tico, pavimenta terreno no qual permite-se falar em di?logo institucional dos poderes quanto ? ?ltima palavra sobre controle de constitucionalidade das leis. A preval?ncia da ?ltima palavra cabe, no Brasil, ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, mas fazendo parte de um processo dial?gico entre os demais poderes e ? sociedade.
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Muller, Isabelle. "Restauration de marais temporaires et de pelouses méso-xériques à partir d'anciennes rizières : Rôle respectif des filtres dans l'assemblage des communautés". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981348.
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La restauration écologique est considérée comme un des moyens susceptibles d'enrayer la perte de la biodiversité. Les changements d'occupation du sol peuvent être des opportunités pour restaurer des écosystèmes dégradés par les activités agricoles. C'est notamment le cas du projet participatif du domaine du Cassaïre, situé dans le delta du Rhône, qui vise à recréer sur d'anciennes rizières des écosystèmes méditerranéens favorables à l'activité cynégétique. Deux écosystèmes sont plus particulièrement visés, les marais temporaires et les pelouses méso-xériques. Les objectifs de la thèse sont de mettre en évidence les principaux mécanismes concourant à l'installation d'une communauté végétale, de tester des techniques de restauration et d'en évaluer les conséquences pour les communautés végétales mais aussi pour d'autres compartiments de l'écosystème. En l'absence d'espèces cibles dans le pool régional d'espèces, l'introduction de ces espèces est nécessaire en addition de la restauration des conditions abiotiques. L'étrépage et le transfert de sol pour la communauté des marais permettent une augmentation des espèces cibles et de la similarité avec la communauté de référence. Cette technique apparaît moins pertinente pour la communauté d'invertébrés aquatiques. Le succès contrasté du transfert de sol souligne les risques à ne pas privilégier qu'un nombre restreint d'indicateurs de restauration, ne reflétant pas l'ensemble de l'écosystème. L'étrépage de sol suivi d'un transfert de foin semble être une combinaison pertinente pour recréer la communauté végétale de pelouses, même si les résultats obtenus, probablement en raison d'une compétition élevée, sont moins convaincants que pour les marais temporaires. Nos résultats obtenus pour la grande majorité en mésocosmes, s'ils ne concernent que les premières étapes de la restauration, mettent cependant en évidence des techniques de restauration qui paraissent pertinentes pour installer certaines composantes des deux écosystèmes de référence. Ces résultats, par leurs limites, suggèrent néanmoins de privilégier la conservation in situ des habitats naturels plutôt que de chercher à les restaurer après qu'ils aient été détruits.
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Berg, Isak, e Richard Stadig. "Market-consistent valuation of a pension product with guarantee in line with Solvency II : An applied case study to improve knowledge about how rationality and stressed conditions with respect to market- and insurance risk will impact the balance sheet". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123141.
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Traditional pension products have today been replaced by products that are linked directly to the unit value of some kind of investment portfolio. These products contribute to more vulnerable situations for insurance companies in terms of uncertainties of future obligations. This master thesis aims to create a general valuation model in line with Solvency II regulation, which is able to value the best estimate of the insurance liability. The model will use a state model, stochastic scenario generator model and the Makeham function for estimating mortality intensity. An applied case study was conducted to evaluate how stressed market- and insurance conditions would impact the liability. Additional studies was performed to test how different degrees of rational behaviour among policyholders would impact the liability. The policyholder population was fictitious and consisted of 100 policyholders. The results illuminated that the degree of rationality had a relative significant impact on the insurance company's liability, as opposed of what impact trends in longevity had on the best estimate in a separated stress test. On the other hand, when stress testing market risk and trend in longevity at the same time, the non-linearity risk was relatively high. The results of this thesis indicated the importance of studying risks in a combined case and not only separately, and also that higher degree of rational behaviour among policyholders could lead to an increase in surrender of profit generated policyholders which in turn affected the insurance liability.
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Legendre, Rebecca. "Droits fondamentaux et droit international privé : Réflexion en matière personnelle et familiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 2, 2018. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247201181.
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Le droit international privé est éprouvé par les droits fondamentaux. Les données à partir desquelles la discipline a été pensée ont d’abord évolué. Les droits de l’homme créent une connexion entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et protègent la mobilité internationale des personnes. Si cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’existence du problème de droit international privé, force est d’admettre que les droits fondamentaux modifient aujourd’hui son analyse. Tandis que les conflits d’ordres juridiques sont transformés en conflit de valeurs, la hiérarchie des intérêts du droit international privé est remplacée par leur mise en balance. Les solutions de droit international privé sont, ainsi, perturbées par l’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux. La proportionnalité est plus précisément à l’origine de cette perturbation. Technique de réalisation des droits de l’homme, la proportionnalité a une incidence inégale sur la discipline. Si le contrôle de proportionnalité épargne ses méthodes, il bouleverse en revanche ses solutions. Les Cours européennes ont tendance à privilégier la continuité des situations juridiques sur la défense de la cohésion interne. Aussi pressent-elles le droit international privé à libéraliser ses solutions. L’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux doit, dès lors, être rationalisée pour préserver l’autorité et la prévisibilité des solutions du conflit de lois et de juridictions. C’est en dissociant l’application des droits de l’homme de l’exception d’ordre public international et en corrigeant la mise en œuvre du contrôle de proportionnalité que l’équilibre du droit international privé pourrait, nous semble-t-il, se reconstruireFundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored
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Lanoux, Aurélie. "Caractérisation et rôle respectif des apports organiques amont et locaux sur l'oxygénation des eaux de la Garonne estuarienne". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874532.
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L'estuaire de la Gironde est le plus grand estuaire macrotidal d'Europe formé par la confluence de la Garonne (où se situe l'agglomération de Bordeaux) et de la Dordogne. L'une de ses principales caractéristiques est la présence d'une zone à forte turbidité (bouchon vaseux) où les processus hétérotrophes (dégradation de la matière organique) sont favorisés et où au contraire les processus autotrophes (production primaire) sont limités par le manque de lumière. Ainsi, des déficits en oxygène pouvant être préjudiciables à la vie aquatique se développent systématiquement dans la zone du bouchon vaseux de la Garonne estuarienne. Ces préoccupations environnementales ont donc conduit à étudier en détail dans le cadre de ce travail de doctorat, les facteurs environnementaux qui provoquent ces hypoxies estuariennes. Dans un premier temps, j'ai réalisé un suivi sur le réseau d'eaux urbaines partiellement séparatif et unitaire de la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux, de ses stations d'épurations et déversoirs d'orage afin d'appréhender les apports urbains de matières organique et azotées et de les comparer à ceux en provenance du bassin versant amont. Bien que les deux stations d'épuration réalisent des abattements très significatifs sur la matière organique et l'ammonium, il s'avère que les flux vers le milieu naturel restent importants, notamment durant les périodes estivales, pendant lesquelles des orages peuvent engendrer des déversements d'effluents non traités. Ensuite, des expériences d'incubations ont permis de mettre en évidence le caractère fortement labile de cette matière organique urbaine. Le carbone organique dissous et l'ammonium, contenus dans les eaux usées, sont des composés fortement consommateurs en oxygène. Des expériences de respirométrie ont également permis d'estimer les taux de consommation en oxygène nettement plus importants dans les effluents urbains que dans les eaux de la Gironde. Enfin, l'analyse des données du réseau de mesures en continu de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux MAGEST (MArel Gironde ESTuaire) a démontré que l'estuaire subit dans sa section garonnaise des périodes d'hypoxie lors d'étiages prononcés, la masse d'eau la plus affectée par ces désoxygénations étant celle qui oscille aux alentours de l'agglomération de Bordeaux. Si ces résultats démontrent l'impact significatif de l'agglomération Bordelaise, le traitement statistique des données MAGEST pour la période 2005-2011 montre que les phénomènes de désoxygénation sont accrus en période d'étiage prononcé, en présence du bouchon vaseux et lorsque la température de l'eau est élevée. Dans ces conditions, l'oxygène dissous, déjà présent en faible quantité, peut être rapidement consommé lors d'apports supplémentaires d'eaux urbaines non traitées qui ont lieu pendant de fortes précipitations orageuses. Ce travail démontre également que le type de traitement biologique des eaux usées employé par les stations d'épuration et les capacités de stockage temporaire d'eaux d'orages ont un rôle critique sur les bilans de ces composés rejetés dans le milieu naturel. Enfin, ce travail permet de proposer aux gestionnaires des stratégies de rejets des effluents à court et moyen terme, en fonction des conditions hydrologiques et physico-chimiques du milieu, dans le but de limiter leur impact sur l'oxygénation des eaux estuariennes de la Garonne.
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Leplat, Johann. "Développement saprotrophe de fusarium graminearum : rôle respectif de différents habitats naturels du champignon dans le processus d'infection du blé en Bourgogne ; recherche d'indicateurs prédictifs du risque de fusariose". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843896.
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La fusariose est une des maladies les plus importantes altérant le blé en Bourgogne. L'espèce fongique Fusarium graminearum est l'un des agents principaux de la maladie. L'interaction hôte-pathogène peut entrainer la production de mycotoxines toxiques pour l'homme et l'animal.La seule alternative pour prévenir le développement de la maladie est de contrôler l'inoculum primaire dans son habitat naturel : les adventices, le sol et les résidus de culture. En raison de la tendance à la réduction du travail du sol, une attention particulière doit être portée au rôle des résidus de culture dans la survie et le développement de F. graminearum. Dans ce travail de thèse, deux approches ont été choisies pour mieux comprendre le développement saprotrophe du champignon et ses conséquences. La première, à travers un essai en champ dans le contexte pédoclimatique Bourguignon, avait pour but de définir la part relative des différentes sources d'inoculum dans le développement de la fusariose et l'accumulation des mycotoxines dans les grains. Cet essai devait en outre permettre de déterminer si des indicateurs précoces du développement de la maladie sur épi et de l'accumulation de mycotoxines pouvaient être identifiés. La seconde, à travers un essai en microcosmes, avait pour but de suivre le développement de F. graminearum dans le sol et les résidus.Ce travail a permis de souligner l'importance de la gestion des résidus de culture dans le développement de la fusariose du blé. Favoriser une décomposition biologique rapide des résidus de culture et/ou introduire des cultures intermédiaires assainissantes constituent des perspectives de recherche sur lesquelles doivent porter nos efforts
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Hua, Lin Jin, e 林進華. "Pay Respect to “ Buddha” in Life- Creative of Portrait Oil-Paintingfrom Jiang Hua Lin". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35kj88.
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碩士大葉大學
設計暨藝術學院碩士班
102
ABSTRACT This research of “Respect to the “Buddha” in life” is using Portrait as the main subject. The author ever worked as a journalist for several years, he knew lots of kindness people in grass-root from the interview. Hence, the author uses the sketch and realistic skill which learnt in his University and add the colour conversion of oil paint, also blending the both traditional and modern concept, moreover his experiences of modern esthetic to paint all those religious leaders and kindness grass-root person portrait. The author has been invited to tour his portraits by the Chairman-Mr. Lin Zheng Ze of Taiwan Province, besides two individual exhibitions. To the author, this invitation is very honor, because it not only shows the learning result in Plastic Arts department in Da-YehUniversity but also do the best advertisement for his university. Chapter I. is Preface, which describing the summary of the background and creative idea of this research, also explaining the chosen of those “Buddha” in life. Chapter II is the scientific principle of craftsmanship which aim to not only describes the skill of portrait of Western Classicalism but also the developing of oil painting. Furthermore, it also expresses the effect of Portrait in Taiwanese oil painting history. Chapter III is the analysis of artistic technique and subject which using the concept of French Realism and combines the effect of various famous paints in both Eastern and Western, then grasp their painting skill and the emotional expression of portrait to chose the special subject in Taiwan to be the idea of creative paint. Chapter IV is appreciation of artistic works which are the author works and also resuming his creative purpose and meaning. Chapter V is conclusion which doing the conclusion of portrait in previous and future. Also encourage Taiwanese painters could keep the Eastern traditional skills to present the delicate of creative, moreover keep the Western traditional skills to make the painting tradition could develop continuously. Key Word: Portraits,Painting,Realism,Buddhain life
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Chen, Chun-Wei, e 陳君維. "Human Rights of Prisoners—Focusing on the Rights of Respect for Family Life and Visiting". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57aeuk.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
法律學研究所
100
Nowadays prisoners’ human right protection has been an important issue in international community. The treatment of prisoners is an important standard to examine the degree of protection of human rights. In view of that, we should try to promote the situation of prisoners in prison. In the thesis, I’ll introduce European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Prison Act in Germany (StVollzG= Stravollzugsgesetz). After knowing other country’s law and convention, I’ll try to compare our law and rule with foreign law, and by this I’ll try to provide a better suggestion to our country. As Professor Van Zyl Smit point out: “ People are sent to prison as punishment not for punishment.” After all, most prisoners will come back to our society, that we should emphasize the rehabilitation of prisoners (resocialization). In order to achieve that goal, prisoners in prison should not be regarded as mere ruled objects. We should treat them as human not slaves. Prison Act in Taiwan has been legislated in 1946. It was being amending several times, but it was only being amending for some text. There are still many problems in practice of Prison Act in Taiwan. In view of judgments or executive orders in Taiwan we can find out that even some rights of prisoners are incredibly regarded as Prison’s grace. The protection of human rights of prisoners in Taiwan is still insufficient, so we should learn foreign experience to promote the protection of prisoners’ human rights. Here are five chapters in the thesis.In the Chapter1I’ll illustrate the motivation of writing and problem awareness. Second, I’ll arrange the history of prison, the theories of punishment, and the law status of prisoners in Chapter 2. Besides I’ll introduce the internal and European treaties about the protection of prisoners. Next in the Chapter 3 and the Chapter4 I’ll introduce the work of European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and Prison Act in Germany (StVollzG= Stravollzugsgesetz). Then I’ll show the situation of prisoners in Taiwan and compare the development and norm of our Prison Act with Germany and ECHR. At last In the Chapter 6 I’ll make a conclusion about the issue.
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Chiu, Shu-pei, e 邱淑珮. "The Action research of life education curriculum for the respect and care of Elementary Students". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06097231875311054105.
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碩士國立臺南大學
教育學系課程與教學碩士班
93
The purpose of this research is to design a class which teaches students the attitude of respect and concern by the study of action, and to evaluate the changing after the action. We hope this class research as life education curriculum “Honey Cake” can be the reference of Elementary school’s life education reference. The object of this case study is a class located in Tainan City. There are totally 31 students participate in this case study “Honey Cake” to be involved in the class of formal curriculum. Under the process of the class, there are 6 units classes to be based on writing of Value Clarification. The teacher is the same as this researcher, and use the parents feedback form, students self-examination form, study form and teacher’s observation for this case study’s triple testing. The students that accept the life education curriculum change their attitude of respect and care. The parents of students think their children change their attitude of respect and care after curriculum. And using Value Clarification has beneficent to students of learning. Besides, the scale can’t present the truth of student’s learning. Last, suggestions to students, curriculum, and teaching on the life education for elementary students and further studies were proposed.
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ŠLANCAROVÁ, Jana. "Land Abandonment in the Mediterranean Effects on Butterfly Communities with Respect to Life History Traits". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260861.
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This thesis deals with the effects of changing land use, following landscape abandonment, on butterfly communities in the Mediterranean Basin. It consists of three case studies. The first focuses on the effects of forest encroachment on butterflies in the Southern Balkans; the second studies butterfly communities in Portuguese 'montados' and the third explores demography and life histories of three co-occurring Papilionidae butterfly species (Archon apollinus, Zerynthia polyxena and Zerynthia cerisy) in Greek Thrace. The results describe shifts in butterfly communities, detectable even at the level of individual species life history traits, with increasing forest encroachment. The preference of range-restricted Mediterranean endemics for either grasslands or open woodland formations contributes to falsifying the forested Mediterranean hypothesis, favouring a hypothesis of finely grained landscape mosaic instead. This mosaic is currently threatened by land use change and biodiversity homogenisation. Maintaining habitat and landscape heterogeneity is crucial for conserving the Mediterranean biodiversity hot-spot.