Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Résistance aux ITKs"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Résistance aux ITKs"
Rahman, Tarun. "The WHO’s Need to Address Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vectors". University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, n.º 2 (30 de novembro de 2016): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i2.1510.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Résistance aux ITKs"
Hernandez, Charlotte. "Contribution de la polarité cholinergique du système nerveux autonome à la pathogenèse de l’hépatocarcinome : implications en pharmacologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10175.
Texto completo da fonteThe functions of the autonomic nervous system have been described for several decades. However, its role in the cellular biology of innervated tissues has only recently been the subject of sustained interest, particularly in cancerology. The afferent and efferent fibers of this system innervate peripheral organs and help maintain the homeostasis of the organism. They are involved in the processes of development, repair and regeneration. All these phenomena, in turn, have been documented as being associated with cancer. New evidence suggests that cancer cells take advantage of the pathological innervation associated with cancer to promote disease initiation and progression. Indeed, the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the development of various tumors located in physiologically innervated organs such as the pancreas, ovaries and uterus, notably by regulating the proliferation, differentiation, migration and dissemination of cancer cells. As an innervated organ, the liver's pathophysiology is also conditioned by the autonomic nervous system. However, few detailed studies have documented the role of autonomic nerve fibers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its progression. This thesis explored the regulation of the autonomic nervous system in the onset and progression of liver cancer, and the consequences of its modulation, with the aim of identifying potential new therapeutic strategies based on the level of knowledge and safety of drugs targeting this major physiological function for decades. To achieve this, we used clinical, rat and mouse samples, as well as primary cells, spheroids, primary hepatocytes and different cell lines. Using immunofluorescence, we highlighted the presence of neuronal markers and, more specifically, the colocalization of an immature marker and a cholinergic marker in the capsule and tumor mass of clinical samples. At the protein level, we showed that these same markers correlated with disease onset and progression in clinical and rat samples. Using bioinformatics data, we stratified HCCs into adrenergic and cholinergic groups using a neuronal score defined by a mathematical approach. From this stratification, we identified cholinergic tumors as correlated with TP53 mutations (p ≤ 0.05), shorter progression-free interval and overall survival than adrenergic tumors. Furthermore, they were correlated with more pathogenic molecular features (such as, proliferative transcriptomic signatures, less differentiated, AFP-rich, associated with higher mitotic functions), as well as with features defining the proliferative class of HCC (aggressive HCC) unlike adrenergic tumors. Finally, by pharmacologically inhibiting the cholinergic pathway with muscarinic antagonists and their nicotinic controls in vitro, we observed a decrease in anchorage-independent cell growth as well as synergy with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib and lenvatinib, while preserving hepatocyte functions in the primary cells tested. Overall, our work suggests that cholinergic polarity is unfavorably implicated in the pathogenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma, and therefore constitutes a legitimate target of future therapeutic interest
Zhang, Dan. "The expression and role of chromogranin A and its derived peptides in septic patients". Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13063.
Texto completo da fonteResearch results presented in my thesis concern the role of chromogranine A (CGA) and its derived peptides in the innate immunity. In the clinical research part, we have demonstrated that serum CGA on admission increases significantly in the group of sepsis and SIRS patients. Moreover, it is an independent prognostic marker for medical ICU patients. In the basic research part, we found that chromofungin and catestatin, two CGA derived antimicrobial peptides, can provoke a specific Ca2+ entry on neutrophils via a mechanism involving iPLA2 activation. We proposed that these 2 peptides can play a role in neutrophils activation. All together, our results are important to understand the biological role of CGA derived peptides in the innate immunity
Bibi, Siham. "Nouvelles approches thérapeutiques au cours des mastocytoses systémiques avancées KIT D816V+ résistantes aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS551.
Texto completo da fonteSystemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by abnormal accumulation of malignant mast cells (MCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and other extra-cutaneous organs. The majority of SM patients have an activating mutation in the KIT gene, usually the D816V point mutation, which is found in more than 90% of all patients. This mutation induces constitutive activation of the KIT receptor by triggering a cascade of signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT and the JAK/STAT5 pathways, resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis and increased survival and proliferation of malignant mast cells. However, the efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on this mutation is limited due to resistance and/or toxicity associated with a lack of specificity. It is therefore critical to find new therapeutic approaches to overcome this resistance to TKIs, particularly for advanced KIT D816V+ SM. In the present thesis, we have used an approach consisting in targeting molecules activated downstream of KIT D816V, such as AKT and STAT5, using pharmacological inhibitors in combination. This allowed us to identify a synergistic combination of an AKT inhibitor (GSK690693) and an inhibitor of STAT5 (BP-1-102). These compounds are able to inhibit proliferation of KIT D816V+ cells, alone or in combination, but at very high concentrations, unfortunately not useful therapeutically. Nevertheless, these initial results have validated STAT5 and AKT as potential targets for the treatment of advanced SM. The second approach used was to target directly the KIT D816V receptor by pharmacological inhibitors. After a large screening, we identified three compounds - BLU2317, BLU2718 and DCC-2618 - which selectively inhibit the phosphorylation of KIT D816V. These compounds inhibit the proliferation of ROSAKIT D816V and HMC-1.2 cells, and induce apoptosis of these cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although the effects of these three compounds are similar, the DCC-2618 compound acts at lower concentrations relative to BLU2317 and BLU2718 compounds. In order to assess the in vivo efficacy of DCC-2618, we first established a new model of SM based on intravenous injection of cells expressing Gaussia luciferase (Gluc), ROSAKIT D816V-Gluc cells, in NSG mice. The presence of the secreted Gluc in ROSAKIT D816V-Gluc cells facilitates the detection of engraftment and allows precise monitoring of disease progression. This model reproduced within four weeks, in all grafted mice, an advanced SM similar to the one found in humans, with neoplastic MCs infiltration in BM, blood, spleen and liver, while the terminal deterioration of the clinical condition of the mice was observed after 12 weeks. Thus, this new in vivo model allows modulating the aggressiveness of the disease by varying the number of injected cells. It provides sufficient time to explore the kinetics of disease progression and especially to conduct preclinical pharmacological studies. We then evaluated the effect of DCC-2618 compound in vivo on this model. Surprisingly, DCC-2618 was not able to inhibit disease progression in treated mice, although it reached high concentrations in the BM and the plasma of treated mice. Nevertheless, we showed that the compound was able to inhibit the phosphorylation of the KIT receptor in cells derived from the BM of treated mice. In addition, contrasting to the effects observed in vitro, DCC-2618 induced an over-expression of phospho-ERK1/2 in the malignant cells of transplanted mice. This suggests that ERK1/2 may play a critical role in the resistance to DCC-2618, and possibly to other TKIs, independently of the KIT receptor. ERK1/2 could thus be a new interesting therapeutic target in the treatment of advanced SM resistant to TKIs
Dam, Sushovan. "Post-transcriptional regulation of porin expression in Escherichia coli and its impact on antibiotic resistance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0641/document.
Texto completo da fonteA major factor contributing to antimicrobial resistance is the inability of antibiotics to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane to reach their target. In Escherichia coli, the two abundantly expressed porins OmpF and OmpC form channels for diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules including antibiotics. The expression of porins is under complex regulation and the small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) fine tune the porin expression level at post-transcriptional level. MicF and MicC are the two major sRNAs that negatively regulate expression of OmpF and OmpC, respectively. Interestingly, these two sRNAs are encoded next to porin gene, i.e. micF-ompC and micC-ompN, suggesting a dual regulation. Our goals in this work were: (1) to characterize the regulation of the sRNA MicC and the putative co-regulation of the quiescent porin OmpN in E. coli; (2) to examine the global effect of MicC on the E. coli transcriptome; (3) to analyze the impact of MicC expression on antibiotic susceptibility. Our work shows that the expression of micC was increased in the presence of carbapenems and cephalosporins and in an rpoE depleted mutant. The same conditions enhanced the expression of OmpN, suggesting a dual regulation of micC and ompN. We also performed RNA sequencing to determine the impact of MicC overexpression on E. coli transcriptome. This identified 60 mRNA targets negatively regulated by MicC apart from its original target. Identification of the global target spectra of MicC is of importance to understand its importance on the overall bacterial physiology, and more specifically on AMR
Juarez, Paulo. "Regulatory mechanisms of mexEF-oprN efflux operon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : from mutations in clinical isolates to its induction as response to electrophilic stress". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE015/document.
Texto completo da fontePseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen, responsible for several nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients, and the main cause of mortality and morbidity of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections turns to be difficult due to its natural resistance to antibiotics, increased in part by the overproduction of RND efflux pumps capable to export antibiotics out of the cell. Amongst these systems, MexEF-OprN exports several antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim. This efflux pump is quiescent in wild-type strains but it is highly produced in nfxC mutants, making them resistant to MexEF-OprN substrates. In addition, these mutants are characterized by their concomitant resistance to carbapenems and their low-virulence profile. MexEF-OprN is encoded by a three-gene operon, mexEF-oprN, whose transcription is activated by MexT, a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators. In the clinical context, nfxC mutants being poorly described, we evaluated their prevalence and characterized the genetic events responsible for mexEF-oprN overexpression. A collection of 221 clinical isolates from the University Hospital of Besançon exhibiting a reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and imipenem was screened. We found that 19.5% of these strains overexpressed mexEF-oprN and further characterization of the 22 non-redundant mutants showed that only 13.6% of these mutants harbored a disrupted mexS gene. Moreover, 40.9% of nfxC clinical strains harbored missense mutations in mexS conducing to the substitution of a single amino-acid residue in the encoding protein. Interestingly, these mutations were associated to moderate effects on resistance and virulence factor production while disruptive mutations produced highly resistant but completely non-virulent strains. For the 45.5% of remaining strains, we failed to identify genetic mutations, which could explain mexEF-oprN overexpression; this indirectly suggested that there might be additional regulatory loci controlling the expression of this operon.We thus studied chloramphenicol resistant mutants selected in vitro derived from reference strain PA14 and found a new class of MexEF-OprN overproducers, which we called nfxC2, harboring gain-of-function mutations in a so-far uncharacterized gene, PA14_38040 (hereafter called cmrA) coding for an AraC transcriptional regulator. In nfxC2 mutants, the mutated CmrA increases its proper gene expression and upregulates the expression of mexEF-oprN through MexS and MexT, resulting in a multi-drug resistant phenotype without altering virulence factor production. Transcriptomic experiments showed that CmrA positively regulates the expression of 11 genes, including PA14_38020, which is required for the MexS/MexT-dependent activation of mexEF-oprN. Gene PA14_38020 is predicted to code a quinol monooxygenase sharing conserved domains with YgiN of Escherichia coli, which was reported to be involved in the response of the bacterium to electrophiles. Interestingly, exposure of strain PA14 to sub-inhibitory concentrations of toxic electrophiles (glyoxal, methylglyoxal or cinnamaldehyde) strongly activates the CmrA-pathway and upregulates mexEF-oprN sufficiently to provoke the resistance to the pump substrates. Finally, we found that the same exposure to electrophiles is capable to activate two other RND pumps, MexAB-OprM and MexXY/OprM. The regulatory pathways conducing to activation of these two efflux operons will be elucidated at the laboratory
Wang, Jingyu. "Transcriptional control of immune-responsive genes by DNA methylation and demethylation and its relevance in antibacterial defense". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066402.
Texto completo da fonteDNA methylation and demethylation are regulatory processes involved in genome stability, genomic imprinting, paramutation and development. Until recently, very little was known about the role of these epigenetic processes in plant disease resistance and in the transcriptional control of immune-responsive genes. Here we provide evidence that DNA methylation negatively regulates antibacterial resistance against a virulent Pseudomonas syringae strain in Arabidopsis. Accordingly, we have identified a subset of defense genes that are targeted and repressed by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), presumably to prevent trade-off effects that would be caused by their constitutive expression and/or sustained induction. In addition, we found that the active DNA demethylase facilitates the transcriptional activation of some of these defense genes by pruning DNA methylation at their promoter regions and leaving cis-elements accessible for transcription factor binding. In addition, we show that the active demethylase REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) positively regulates late immune responses including Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-triggered callose deposition and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response. We also demonstrate that ROS1 restricts Pto DC3000 propagation in Arabidopsis leaf secondary veins, providing the first example for a role of an active DNA demethylase in antibacterial resistance. Based on these findings we propose that DNA methylation maintains a low basal expression of some immune-responsive genes in normal growth condition, while active DNA demethylation ensures a rapid and pervasive induction of these genes upon bacterial pathogen detection
Baldacci, Simon. "Conséquences de la dérégulation de MET sur le phénotype des cancers bronchiques non à petites cellules EGFR mutés devenus résistant aux inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinase d’EGFR". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S043/document.
Texto completo da fonteIntroduction: Treatment of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) relies on EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, all patients treated with EGFR TKI eventually present tumor progression, due to mechanisms of resistance such as the MET amplification. There is currently no data on phenotypic changes induced by MET activation in this context. The objective of this thesis is to determine whether the MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance in the EGFR mutated NSCLC induces a more aggressive phenotype in tumor cells and alters the natural history of the disease.Methods: Proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration were studied in vitro in the HCC827 cell line, derived from an EGFR mutated NSCLC, and in its daughter cell line HCC827-GR6 (GR6) which became resistant to EGFR TKI through MET amplification. The expression of vimentin, ZEB1, and E-cadherin was evaluated in these cellular models in order to investigate an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by the MET amplification. In vivo, the tumor growth and the metastatic potential were analyzed by subcutaneous xenograft and intracardiac injection in mouse models. Finally, the clinical data of patients from 15 centers with a metastatic EGFR mutated NSCLC, exhibiting high MET overexpression in immunohistochemistry (score 3+) or MET amplification assessed by FISH on a re-biopsy performed after TKI EGFR progression were analyzed retrospectively.Results: In vitro, the MET amplification induced a significant increase in proliferation, anchorage independent growth, spheroid formation, anoïkis resistance and migration. Treatment with PHA-665752, a MET TKI, significantly reduced these biological properties in the GR6 cells harboring the MET amplification. An increase in the expression of vimentin and ZEB1 was also observed in the GR6 cells. In vivo, the MET amplification significantly increased the tumor growth and the metastatic potential. Treatment with crizotinib, another MET TKI, significantly decreased the metastatic potential of cells carrying MET amplification. Finally, patients with an EGFR mutated NSCLC, displayed a time to new metastases after TKI EGFR progression shorter than patients with high MET overexpression without MET amplification.Conclusion: The MET amplification during EGFR TKI resistance is associated in EGFR muted NSCLC with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. These results argue for the early use of MET inhibitors in combination with EGFR TKIs to avoid the emergence of a more aggressive resistant tumor clone
Wang, Jingyu. "Transcriptional control of immune-responsive genes by DNA methylation and demethylation and its relevance in antibacterial defense". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066402.
Texto completo da fonteDNA methylation and demethylation are regulatory processes involved in genome stability, genomic imprinting, paramutation and development. Until recently, very little was known about the role of these epigenetic processes in plant disease resistance and in the transcriptional control of immune-responsive genes. Here we provide evidence that DNA methylation negatively regulates antibacterial resistance against a virulent Pseudomonas syringae strain in Arabidopsis. Accordingly, we have identified a subset of defense genes that are targeted and repressed by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), presumably to prevent trade-off effects that would be caused by their constitutive expression and/or sustained induction. In addition, we found that the active DNA demethylase facilitates the transcriptional activation of some of these defense genes by pruning DNA methylation at their promoter regions and leaving cis-elements accessible for transcription factor binding. In addition, we show that the active demethylase REPRESSOR OF SILENCING 1 (ROS1) positively regulates late immune responses including Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-triggered callose deposition and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response. We also demonstrate that ROS1 restricts Pto DC3000 propagation in Arabidopsis leaf secondary veins, providing the first example for a role of an active DNA demethylase in antibacterial resistance. Based on these findings we propose that DNA methylation maintains a low basal expression of some immune-responsive genes in normal growth condition, while active DNA demethylation ensures a rapid and pervasive induction of these genes upon bacterial pathogen detection
Hubner, Sabine. "Scanning electrochemical microscopy and its application to biological systems". Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4012/1/M12013.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Résistance aux ITKs"
Practices of Resistance: Narratives, Politics, and Aesthetics Across the Caribbean and Its Diasporas. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
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